A Comparative Analysis of Elemental Ni, Binary

Ni-P, and Ternary Ni-W-P Alloy Coatings - Their

Preparation and Characterization
Humaira Kousar1, Khuram Shahzad1, Malik Adeel Umer1, R.A Shakoor2
1Dept of Materials Eng, School of Chemical and Materials Eng, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
2Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar

*Corresponding authors: khuram_gikian@hotmail.com

Introduction Sample
Name
Roughness
(nm)
Ni 58.9
Ni-P 10.3
➢ Nickel alloy based (binary or ternary) Ni-W-P 4.7

coatings exhibit superior mechanical

strength, wear and corrosion resistance
characteristics compared to pure Ni coatings,
which are generally used as decorative
coatings or inner layers for chrome plating.
➢ Towards these speculations, Ni-P (a binary
alloy) and Ni-W-P (ternary alloy) are
successfully synthesized on a high strength
low alloy (HSLA) steel substrate using a direct
current (DC) electrodeposition technique.
➢ The bath compositions and process
parameters are optimized to develop a
sound coating.
➢ Finally, the characterization of the prepared
coatings has been carried out.
➢ The results indicate that all the
electrodeposited coatings are uniform, dense
without pores or cracks with improved
mechanical and corrosion resistant
properties. Conclusions
➢ Ni, Ni-P (binary alloy) & Ni-W-P (ternary alloy)
metallic coatings were successfully developed
on HSLA substrate via electrodeposition
technique.
➢ These coatings were manufactured through Ni-
salt-based electrolyte and by applying a specific
current density under the optimized processing
conditions, to obtain crack-free coatings.
➢ The SEM images show the formation of globular
Sample Name Icorr (A/cm2) Corrosion Rate (mils/yr) morphology for Ni-P and Ni-W-P alloy coatings.
Ni 11.8 x 10-5 7.53 ➢ Nano-indentation results show that Ni-W-P
Ni-P 7.5 x 10-5 5.12 coating is 3.34 and 1.41 folds harder than Ni and
Ni-W-P 3.84 x 10-5 2.82 Ni-P coating respectively.
Elemental Composition of HSLA Steel Substrate
➢ Similarly, the wear rate of Ni-W-P coating is
Elements Fe Si Cr Mn C Ni P&S

wt.% Balance 1.2~1.4 1.0~1.2 0.8~1.0 0.27~0.29 0.3 0.025

12.85 and 2.80 times lower than Ni and Ni-P
Bath Composition /Chemicals (g/L)
coating respectively.
Ni
Nickel Sulphate
hexahydrate
Nickel Chloride
hexahydrate
Boric Acid
- - - -
➢ The corrosion rate of Ni-W-P coating is 2.67 and
(40g/L)
(250g/L) (30g/L)
Nickel Sulphate Nickel Chloride Phosphoric Sodium
1.81 times less than Ni and Ni-P coatings.
Boric Acid
Ni-P hexahydrate
(250g/L)
hexahydrate
(15g/L)
(30g/L)
Acid (6g/L) Hypophosphite
(20g/L)
- -
➢ The increase in mechanical, structural and anti-
Nickel Sulphate Sodium Sodium
Ni-W-P hexahydrate -
Boric Acid
- Hypophosphite
Sodium Tungstate
Citrate corrosion response of the Ni coatings by
(40g/L) dihydrate (80g/L)
(25g/L) (12g/L) (80g/L)
Bath parameters for Ni, Ni-P binary alloy, and Ni-W-P ternary alloy coating. addition of P and W can be endorsed to filling up
Temperature °C pH Current Density (A) Etching Time Deposition Time
Ni
50 ± 2 4 0.2 15s 30min
the gaps, the establishment of a more dense,
Bath
Ni-P
65 2.5 ± 0.5 0.1 15s 30min
compact structure and finally reducing the
Bath
Ni-W-P
80 9 0.1 20s 30min
active area of the Ni surface.
Bath

School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology, H10, Islamabad, Pakistan &
Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

18THINTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED MATERIALS

02-06 October 2023, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan.