WORKBOOK

Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_

Class:_ _ _ _
_ Instructor: _ _ _
_

_ Finish By_
Start:_ _ _ _ _
: _ _ _
 e y ab s8
Welcome to Defensive Driving School. We hope this course will help you to drive ticket and collision-free for
life. Classroom sessions teach driving concepts, which are then integrated with in-car lessons. Each driving
lesson focuses on specific skills and requires home practice in order to master the lesson. There will be both a
classroom and driving test at the end of the course, which students must pass with at least 80% proficiency.
You may purchase more driving lessons if you want/need extra time with an instructor to pass the driving
test, or to get additional practice time. Attendance is mandatory for all classes and lessons.

Cl ss m ehedule Driving Less ns

Session 1 - Introduction, Intermediate Licenses,
r
Attention: You need to have a valid learner's
Collision Beliefs, Defensive Driving, Risk permit to take a lesson with us. Please go
Session 2 - Signs, Pavement Markings, Signals to Department of Licensing and get your
Session 3 - Void Area, Smith System, Targeting Learner's Permit.

Session 4 - IPDE, Commentary Driving, Level 1: Balance and Aiming, Vision,

Natural Laws Stopping and Starting, Tums, Lane Positions,
Session 5 - Maneuvers, Lane Changing, Commentary Driving, Intersections, Speed,
Gap Selection Balance.
Session 6 - Searching Intersections, Right of Way

r Level 2: Backing and Parking, Backing

Session7 - Sharing the Road, Urban Traffic, Around a Corner, Parallel and Hill Parking,
Midterm Exam Commentary Driving.
D.A.T. 1 - Driver Awareness Training Part 1
Session 8 - Rural Driving, Passing
Session 9 - Freeway Driving, Pocket Surfing Level 3: City Driving, High traffic intersections,
... Two-way left turn lanes, Unprotected left
turns, Anticipating Hazards.
Session 10 - Adverse Conditions, Visibility,
Traction, Emergency Procedures Level 4: Basic Freeway, Entering, Exiting,
D.A.T. 2 - Driver Awareness Training Part 2 Gap Selection, High-Speed Lane Changes,
Session 11 - Decision Making, Hazardous Space Cushion.
Thoughts, Distracted Driving
Session 12 - Effects of Driver Condition,
Aggressive Driving, Street Racing Final Drive: Road Test! Final driving
assessment to pass Driver's Ed, Strengthen
Weak Areas.
r
Session 13 - Alcohol, Drugs, Fatigue
Session 14 - Vehicle Tech, Car Buying, Insurance,
Final Exam Extra Lessons: Solidify basics, Re-test if
Session 15 - Trip Planning, Fuel Efficiency, needed. Increase decision-making ability
Car Maintenance, Organ Donation with destination driving.

H mewo k Cl ss oom ke• ps

r ., Click on the link to register
Session 1 Session 2 Session7 for a make-up class.
Pagel __ Page7 __ Page 21 __
 ass Ex ect ti sf:l ou se e uireme

Teacher
Student

r .,
Teacher tudent Parent
• Patient instruction • Attend all classes (max 3 • Provide guided practice
• Provide detailed training make-ups) and in-car lessons 3 - 4 hours a week
• 30 hours classroom • Practice 3 - 4 hours a week • Be a positive example of
• 5 hours in-car driving • Pass classroom tests and final defensive driving
• 4 hours Driver Awareness Training driving assessment with at • Attend the parent session
• 1 observation (minimum) least 80% or higher • Observe a driving lesson
..
Cancellation policy: If you miss a drive (due to forgetting, late cancellations, not having a permit, illness, etc.), you11 need
to purchase an additional lesson. To cancel or reschedule an appointment, log into
scheduleagent.com at least 2 business days (48 hours) in advance of the drive you want to reschedule.
I have read, understand, and will abide by the requirements above. Date:_______________
_
Student Signature:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ Parent/Guardian Signature: _____________
_

Li e sing
1. Learner's Permit: Must have for __ months before getting a
license. Supervising licensed driver has at least 5 years of driving
experience and is seated next to the driver.
2. Intermediate License: Must be_ _ _ _. Must pass both DOL
_______ and _____ tests with 80% or higher. Lasts
1 year or until your 18th birthday. In the first 6 months no passengers
under ___ except immediate family members. (RCW 46.20.075)
3. For the second_ _months you can have up to _ _ passengers
that are not family. No driving between_and_AM.
4. Intermediate Licensing: Drive clean for one year!
Penalties: RCW 46.20.267
1st violation: warning letter to parents. Passenger and nighttime restrictions extended until age 18.
2nd violation: intermediate license suspension for 6 months or until 18. Parents notified.
3rd violation: intermediate license suspension until age 18. Parents notified.
5. Regular License: Must be ___. Valid for ___ years and doesn't have any restrictions. Expires on birthday.
6. Is intermediate licensing worthwhile? Why or why not?_____________________
_

Session 1 1
 o lisi e ·efs uestio i e
In each of the following situations, mark the probability of this happening to you (there are no right or wrong answers).

1. I am stopped at a red light. The driver coming up behind me doesn't stop in time and
rear-ends my vehicle.

A. In the next few years, is there a likelihood of this happening when I'm driving?
B. Can drivers learn specific driving habits to reduce the risk of this type of collision?
C. Given my abilities as a driver, will I be able to avoid this type of collision?
D. Is there a chance that someone will be injured in this type of collision?

2. I am driving on the freeway. The driver of the car in front of me stops suddenly
and I collide with the rear of his vehicle.

A. In the next few years, is there a likelihood of this happening when I'm driving?
B. Can drivers learn specific driving habits to reduce the risk of this type of collision?
C. Given my abilities as a driver, will I be able to avoid this type of collision?
D. Is there a chance that someone will be injured in this type of collision?

3. I am stopped at a red traffic light at a busy intersection. The light turns green and I
start to go. Another car runs through the red light and hits me.

A. In the next few years, is there a likelihood of this happening when I'm driving?
B. Can drivers learn specific driving habits to reduce the risk of this type of collision?
C. Given my abilities as a driver, will I be able to avoid this type of collision?
D. Is there a chance that someone will be injured in this type of collision?

4. I am driving on a country highway with good road conditions and no traffic. As I

attempt to take a curve, my car goes straight off the road.

A. In the next few years, is there a likelihood of this happening when I'm driving?
B. Can drivers learn specific driving habits to reduce the risk of this type of collision?
C. Given my abilities as a driver, will I be able to avoid this type of collision?
D. Is there a chance that someone will be injured in this type of collision?

5. Do your collision beliefs predict your crash risk? QYes QNo

You will have the opportunity to take this questionnaire at the end of the course. Your collision beliefs may change.

Defen ive Driving

6. Do you feel ready to become a driver?Rate yourself on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is Not Good/ferrible and 10 is Great.
A. Level of excitement:____ B. How good will you be?____ C. How teachable are you?____
D. List any concerns-
: -------------------------------
- - -
-
7. What is the difference between an accident and a collision? ______________________

8. 90% of collisions could have been avoided if a driver reacted _ _ _ second(s) earlier.
9. What is Defensive Driving?---------------------------------

2 Session 1
 was super angry
about
"'g w y school. ys e
1. What are the three components of the Highway

We were missing
Transportation System?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_

a flight so i was
2. How many millions of miles of road are there in the
United States? ______ ________
3. How many registered vehicles? ________

in a big rush to
4. How many licensed drivers?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
5. What is the goal of the HTS? ________________________________

isk F ct rs f::J H bit Devel ment

make it. I didn’t
6. Check the activity which carries more risk while you are driving.
A. QA freeway Q A busy two-lane roadway
B. Q Nighttime Q Daytime

want to but
C. Q A quiet street Q Heavy traffic
D. Q When you are calm Q When you are angry
E. Q When you are tired Q When you are rested

drown viciously
F. Q In the rain Q On dry pavement
G. Q In an unfamiliar car Q In a car you use daily
H. Q With calm passengers Q With passengers who pressure you

into other cars,

I. Q When you are in a hurry Q When you have allowed extra time
J. Q When you challenge an aggressive driver QWhen you yield to an aggressive driver

7. What are the 3 risk factors that cause collisions?

dont let me
A. ________ Error (94%)
Insert 2 numbers between 1 30
-
B. _______ Conditions (2%)
Insert 2 numbers between 31-60
C. ______ Malfunctions (2%)
Insert 2 numbers between 61-90

0 forget 0but i was 0

0 0 0
in the middle of
8. Risk Factors: Write a short story about you driving your friends to a game or event a few towns away. Incorporate
each of the 6 risk factors above into the story (underline and number each one). Assume that for the purpose of this

the night and i

story that if there is any possibility that something can go wrong, then it will go wrong.

was super tired

9. What risk factors can YOU control?------------------------
-------
-
10. What is the TOP cause of the greater collision rate among young drivers? _________________
Risk, the result of an over-accumulation of known and unknown factors, can be altered, eliminated and managed.
Develop the necessary habits so you can drive ticket and collision-free for life!
Session 1 3
 Signs
1. In the space to the right, draw the symbol which prohibits some type of action.
Example: "No U-turn."

2. On the line below each diagram, put an R if it is a regulatory sign, a W if it is

a warning sign, or a G if it is a guide or informational sign. FILL IN EACH SHAPE with an
example of what you might see on each road sign.

□: 0 V
3. Under each picture, indicate the sign's meaning.

A B C D E F

G H J K

M 0 p Q R

s T u V w X

4 Session 2
 Speed Law 8 Pavement Markings
Basic Speed Law
1. "Drive at a speed that is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and_ _ _ _ _at all times." This
means showing careful or judgement regardless of the posted limit.
2. Unless otherwise posted, the maximum speed is: ___ mph in a school zone.
_ mph on city/town streets._ _ _ _mph on urban freeways.
_ _ _
3. What conditions does the posted or maximum speed apply to?

4. A police officer gives you a speeding ticket for going 35 mph in a 55 mph
zone. In what circumstances could this happen?

Pavement Markings
5. What color line separates two-way traffic? _____________
6. What color line separates one-way traffic? _____________
7. What do solid lines mean? ________________
8. What do broken lines mean? _______________
9. What does a solid and broken line next to each other mean? _______
10. What color are crosswalks and stop lines? _____________

11. How far can you travel in a 2-way left turn lane? _______________________

Word Choices: I2-IS

Curb Markings
- Disabled parking 12. Yellow =- - - - - - - - - - 13. Red =- - - - - - - - - -
- Short stops permitted 14. White = 15. Blue =_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
- Loading zone
16. Is the blue truck legally parked? Q Yes QNo
-No parking
17. Is the green car legally stopped? Q Yes QNo

Session 2 5
 Traffic Signals
What are the three colors and meanings of the traffic signal?
1._ _ _ _ _ Stop. For the following signals, mark or
2. ------ Caution, clear the intersection. color in the info needed to make them
correspond to the given statement
3._____ _ Scan left, center, right, then ___ when safe.
9. All traffic stop 10. You may turn R
What do these traffic signals mean? except those after making
4. Flashing red: ____________________ turning left. a complete stop
and it's clear.
5. Red arrow: ____________________ _
6. Flashing yellow: __________________
7. Flashing yellow arrow: _________________
8. Green arrow:___________________
_
11. You may go 12. All traffic stop
Where to Stop at Intersections straight only except those
or take a turning right.
A stop sign indicates you MUST STOP. It does not tell you WHERE protected left
to stop. Stopping Rules (in order): Stop before your front bumper
crosses the
I. ______ line.
Word Choices:
II. Near edge of the__ _ _walk.
- Cross - Curb
III. Near edge of the walk. 13. Clear the 14. You may turn L
- Side - Stop
IV. Near edge of the line. intersection. after waiting/
yielding to
In the following diagrams, insert the number of where you would stop oncoming traffic.
in the lower left hand comer of the picture. Please note that stopping at
the stop sign is not one of your options! After you have made a complete
stop in the correct place, if your view is blocked, then you should make a
safety check, or stop if necessary. You are driving the blue car.

15. 16. 17.

18. 19. 20.

6 Session 2
 Signs Quiz
1. 11. 21.
2. 12. 22.
3. 13. 23.
4. 14. 24.
5. 15. 25.
6. 16. 26.
7. 17. 27.
8. 18. 28.
9. 19. 29.
10. 20. 30.

Homework • Instruments, Gauges, 8 Switches

Sit in the driver's seat of a parked car with a licensed adult driver. As the adult reads the following list to you,
identify each item and describe how it works. Check off each completed box and have them sign and date below.

0 Gas pedal 0 Fuel gauge

0 Tum signal lever
0 Gear shift
0 Horn 0 Hazard lights 0 Odometer 0 Brake pedal
0 Wipers 0 Headlight switch 0 Oil gauge 0 Hood release
0 Air-conditioner 0 High beam switch 0 Parking brake 0 ABS
0 Defroster, fan, heater 0 Ignition/starter 0 Speedometer 0 First aid kit
0 Owner's manual 0 AWD (if applicable) 0 Spare tire, jack, & 0 Clutch
locking lugnut (if applicable)

Parent Signature: Date:

Session 2 7
 Vision 8 Driving
Most drivers were trained incorrectly to look down over the fender of the vehicle to judge their position. This robs drivers
of_ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ perception and the ability to judge how much space they have to maneuver their vehicle.

1. What must your vision be correctable to in order to get a

---------- ...
Void Area
license? Q 20/20 Q 20/40 Q 20/100
�, '
2. What is the main purpose of our central vision when driving? / Area blocked from view '\
I I
I

----
I

,,'
\ I
3. What is fringe vision good for seeing? _________ ' ....... __ ,,..,, .-
--,.... ,..
The void area is the space surrounding the
4. What is peripheral vision good for seeing? _ _ _ _ _ _
_
vehicle that is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from
the driver's view. It creates an optical
5. What limitation does peripheral vision have?______
-------�which ______
the size of the vehicle. Common void area
6. What happens to our vision as speed increases? _____
problems include misjudging turns, overreacting
to road hazards, parking difficulties, and low
7. Why is depth perception necessary for driving?_ _ _ _
_
aim driving. Problems can be overcome by
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _and aiming high.
8. What is night blindness? ______________

The Smith System

1. Aim High in Steering
9. Targeting helps drivers to: A. Visualize the ____________ you intend to drive into.
B. Search and your moves far in advance.
10. Drive into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and not away from_____________
_
11. The practice of targeting and projecting your path helps drivers gauge their position accurately and make
decisions in advance regarding ____________ and _______________

In the questions below, the broken arrow is where the driver is looking and the white arrow is the intended path.

12. You're passing. 13. You're being passed. 14. Going around a curve. 15. Driving down the road.
Q Correct Q Incorrect Q Correct Q Incorrect Q Correct Q Incorrect Q Correct Q Incorrect

=
,- ,
- - - ---+
- - - ·1 r->
- - - - - -'I
,-, I ,-, --+ I

2. Get the BIG Picture

16. Turn your _______ in the direction of your intended movement BEFORE turning the steering wheel.
17. Qcorrect Qincorrect 18. Q Correct Q Incorrect 19. Backing out of a space.
Q Correct Q Incorrect

8
l:11::r. .__/�
�')"'( "'()�.
Session 3
 Blind Spot Check I•2•3

1. A blind spot is an area outside a vehicle that a driver cannot see without the driver_ _ _ _ _ _ _ their head
or ________ mirrors out to reduce or alleviate the blind spot. In the Blind Spot diagram, what should the
green driver do to be fully aware of the traffic scene? Turn out the right_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ to see the red car.
2. Always look over your shoulder into area __________ before changing lanes. (See Check 1-2-3 diagram)

3. Keep Your Eyes Moving

3. The top reason collisions occur (40+%) is that drivers fail to _______ hazards due to inattention, distractions,
and inadequate scanning. Search intersections before arrival by looking , center, and _______
4. Effective search patterns
involve continuously
scanning for hazards between
the following four zones:
Area 1:_ _ _ _ _ _ Range
Q)
Area 2: 12-15 seconds of
useful info ahead
Area 3: 4-6 seconds of immediate

Area 4: Rearview mirror

4. Leave YourseU an Out

5. Maintain a space ______________
6. Leaving an out when turning, and not changing lanes into someone's blind spot, allows you to separate ______

7. You're turning right on red. 8. You're turning right on red. 9. You're changing lanes into someone's blind spot.
0 High risk QLow risk 0 High risk Q Low risk Q High risk Q Low risk

s. Make Sure Others See You

10. Driving with ________ on during the day reduces collisions by 20%.
11. Lightly tap your when you approach_ _ _ _ _ _
brake lights or back-up lights on a parked car.
12. When approaching a sneaky right or other potential hazard, be sure to make
_____ contact and _______ the brake if they don't see you.

Session 3 9
 p E
The four steps of the IPDE process are:
I - Identify: Locate potential hazards within the driving scene.
P - Predict: Judge where the possible points of conflict may occur.
D - Decide: Determine what action to take, when, and where to take it.
E - Execute: Act by maneuvering the car to avoid conflicts.
1. Use the IPDE process to determine how you
would analyze the situation in the photo.

I
p

m e ta y
2. Commentary driving is a useful skill we develop where drivers make a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ regarding every
relevant thing in the traffic scene. We use a pre-determined vocabulary to help you verbalize the most common hot
spots in a matter of seconds without needing long explanations. Commentary driving keeps drivers
________
_ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ because they must verbally identify potential hazards in
the traffic scene. The goal is to get drivers to increase their situational awareness by seeing hazards and predicting
possible outcomes. Then they can adjust their driving to effectively respond to hazards (IPDE).
3. Start out verbally identifying a few of the most common _________. Add a couple more each day as
you increase your vision, skill and confidence. For example, when approaching a ----------
�
your first action should be to check ______ as you ________ the brake.
4. At least a half a block before an ___________..., you must identify the type and its ______
of way rules. Or if an __________ left threatens to turn in front of you, you should check
_ _ _ _ _ _ and the brake.

5. For the following pictures, identify

the Commentary Driving term from the

reference guide on the following page.

A. _______________
B.- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

C._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
D. _______________

E._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
F. _______________
G. _______________

10 Session 4
 - :. .�e t
_•,...t1.,...•i-=�• ry g
Identify
1. Trap/Closed Zone -Slow movers, brake lights, red lights, stop signs, construction, etc.
2. Intersections - Identify type (2-way, 4-way) and right of way rule (who stops/goes first).
3. Intruder/Thief - Any vehicle or person who is an immediate threat or steals space
(within 3 car lengths).
4. Safety Stop - After a complete stop, when vision is limited, slowly move forward to
make sure it's clear.
5. Limited Sight -An obstruction in your line of sight (15 seconds ahead).
6. Slug - Drivers who are generally in no hurry (buses, commercial trucks, oversized loads).
7. Distracted - Semi-aware of surroundings, on cell phone, texting, eating, radio tuning, etc.
8. Speed Check - Every time you see a speed sign, call out the number followed by
how fast you are going.
9. Tag - Potential hazard; any roadway user capable of causing a threat to you or others.

Predict
10. Check One - Check the rearview mirror every 5-8 seconds, before braking, after turning.
11. Sneaky Right -A vehicle that makes or intends to make a right tum into your path of travel.
12. On-coming Left (BLT) -A vehicle that makes or intends to make a left tum in front of you.
13. Fresh/Stale Green Light - A light that just turned green or one that may change soon.
14. Tailgater/Charger -A driver who follows another vehicle too closely.
15. Pedestrian/Foot/Toddler/Dog/Bike - Anyone unpredictable crossing your path.
16. Pacer - Semi-aware driver in a pack of cars, vulnerable to the actions of others.

Decide
17. Safe To Go - Before entering an intersection, SCAN to the left, center, and right.
18. Go Point/Point of No Return - Point beyond which you can no longer stop safely
without entering the intersection.
19. Back Pressure - Vehicles to the rear increasing intensity and decreasing space cushion.
20. Best Path -T he lane with the best visibility and traffic flow and most escape options.

Execute
21. Signal 1-2-3 - Signal, check rear-view, side-view mirrors, and blind spot for lane change.
22. Cover Brake - As potential hazards appear, take your foot off the accelerator and hover
your foot over the brake to reduce the time it takes to initiate a stop.
23. Closest Lane -When turning onto a roadway with multiple lanes, take the closest lane.
(Assume a car turning in front of you may cross over directly into your lane).
24. Body Shift- Tum your body 180 degrees to the rear while backing. Don't rely on mirrors!
25. Up 2 Down 2 - Technique to increase space and break rapport with others. Increase
speed by 2 MPH, remain briefly, then decrease speed by 2 MPH to clear the zone.
26. Space Cushion - Maintaining a pocket of space around one's vehicle.
27. Pocket Surfing - Driving in between packs of cars, maintains healthy space cushion.

Session 4 11
 at al ws8
1. What's the difference between the laws of physics and the laws that
High Center of Gravity
police enforce? ______________________

2. Why do some drivers walk away from crashes while others are carried?
They slow down over a ________ period of time.
3. Why did the dummy get left behind? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
4. In a crash, the front end of the vehicle absorbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
which slows down the rest of the car. Low Center of Gravity
5. The steering wheel and windshield apply the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_
that overcomes the dummy's inertia.
6. Which has more momentum? Qsemi-Truck Q SUV Q Same

80,000 LBS @ 2 MPH 4,000 LBS @ 40 MPH

Stability decreases as the center of gravity rises!
II

7. With panic braking, the driver stops in less time or distance and
PHYSICS OF A co.,
experiences more ____________
8._ _ _ _ _ _ _zones,- - - - - - - -
� and break-away light �((\
,s
poles are designed to keep people safe by extending the time of impact.
9. What factors affect the energy a vehicle has when it's in motion?
________ and _________
10. How does inertia affect your ability to go around comers?_ _ _
_ INTENDED ACTUAL
PATH PATH

pi g Dist ce
11. Total stopping distance= ___________ + ____________+ __________
12. How much time does it take a driver to recognize and act after seeing a hazard? _____________
_
13. Under ideal conditions, how many seconds should your following distance be in town? ___ On highway? ___
14. Defensive drivers add __ second to their following distance for each additional hazard (rain, sun-glare, snow, etc).
15. What does it mean to cover the brake?_____________________________
_
16. What advantage does covering the brake give drivers in busy traffic?_________________
_
17. How does gravity affect speed when going downhill? ________________________
18. What factors affect your braking distance? Q Bald tiresQ Worn brakes Q Keyless entry Q Heavy loads Q Hills
Q Speed Q Slick road Q Banked road Q Distracted driver Q Leather seats Q ABS brakes Q Power windows

11 Identify hazard &

2 Predict collision

12 Session 4
1. Why is it important to keep your car balanced?
0 Smooth driving O Feedback on skills Yaw Axis

0 Easier to target O Passenger comfort

0 Vehicle control O Better space management
ord Ch i es: 2-4
- Hesitate - Pressure - Comfortable - Release - Pitch

2. One technique that will help keep your car balanced when stopping is to ________ a little bit of pressure
on the brakes a couple of moments before stopping. Then add enough pressure to stop. This relieves some of the
downward _________ and feels smoother.
3. Developing a smooth braking habit will keep your passengers more ______________. It will also
give you all of the benefits of balance, especially feedback on your skills for smooth interaction with others
and space management.
4. What technique can you use for smooth acceleration? After coming off of the brake, ____________
and let the car move for a moment at its idle speed. Then slowly add_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ to the accelerator.
This will allow a gradual transition to the pitch forces.

C t
5. Airbags deploy at_ _ _ _mph. To avoid injury, they should be positioned at least_ _inches from your body.
6. How you wear your seatbelt matters. Match up the seatbelt usages below with the corresponding potential injuries.

A. Full width of belt B.Massive C. Body tied to D. Thrown 120 E. No rapid F. Break ribs and/or
not able to absorb internal vehicle. Seatbelt ft. from car. tension. Driver sternum. Sometimes
impact of crash, mark across Road rash. collides with fatal injuries, including
injuries.
excessive force put shoulder, possible Fatal head steering laceration of the liver,
on bones causing bruising, and trauma. column. Head spleen, intestines, aorta
serious injury/death. pain in chest. trauma. and spinal injury.

7. 80% of crash deaths could be prevented if ______ wore seatbelts.

8. If you get pulled over and one of your passengers isn't wearing a seatbelt,
who pays for the ticket? 16 and over:_ _ _ _
_ 15 and under:_ _ _
_
9. Children under _____ years old ride in the back seat when practical.
10. Rear-facing car seat: _______ years and under.
11. Car seat with chest harness: Ages to_ _ _ _ _
_
12. Booster seat: Ages 4+ until they are feet ___ inches tall.

Session 4 13
 ehin the Wheel Ma euve s Guide
Mentally rehearse procedures beforehand to master techniques once you get in the car.

I. PRE-DRIVE CHECKLIST
A. Lock doors B. Adjust seat/steering wheel. C. Buckle seat belt. D. Adjust mirrors.

II. TARGETING AND AIMING HIGH

A. Hold wheel at_ _ _
_ and_ _ _ _ o'clock positions (or 8 & 4).
B. _________ by looking at eye level up to 15+ seconds ahead.
C. Project your path through the center of your lane.

III. TURNING MECHANICS

A. Control speed - Be prepared to stop and make visual checks.
B. Aim - Your chin points in the direction you want to go. Turn your_ _ _ _
_
in the direction of the new path before turning the wheel.
C. Steer tires into the new direction.
D. Halfway through the turn (when wheels are pointed correctly), accelerate out.

IV. PARALLEL PARKING (on the right side of the street)

A. Visualize your path and slowly position your car beside a parked car - about
2-3 feet away. Stop with the rear wheels even with the back bumper.
B. Shift your upper body to the rear with your left hand at __ o'clock, and back
slowly until your rear axle is even with the other car's rear bumper.
C._ _ _ _ _ _ the middle of the car in back of you. As YOU BACK SLOWLY
turn the steering wheel sharply to the right (See figure 1) until your car forms a 45
degree angle with the parked car; then WHILE BACKING SLOWLY, straighten
your front wheels by turning to the left (approximately 1 ½ turns of the wheel).
D. Now SLOWLY back with wheels straight (See figure 2) while visualizing the
maneuver, moving the center of the back axle toward the center of your
intended path.
E. As the center of your back axle meets the center of your intended parking path,
turn your steering wheel quickly to the left as your car moves SLOWLY toward
the car behind. (See figure 3)
F. Move forward SLOWLY and center your car in the space.
G. Secure your vehicle.

V. LEAVING FROM A PARKED POSITION (parallel or hill parking)

A. Shift to drive.
B. Release the parking brake.
C. _________________and go if clear.
D. Visualize your lane change (pulling from the parking lane into the travel lane).
Target through the center of your intended lane.
14 Session 5
 ehind the Wheel Ma euve s ui e
VI. BACK AROUND A CORNER TO THE RIGHT (Simulates backing out of a driveway.)
A. Grip the wheel at 12 o'clock with your left hand. Shift your upper body to the right so
that you can see THE BIG PICTURE to the rear. BACK SLOWLY (slowly roll without
using the gas pedal) while targeting up the parking lane directly behind you.
B._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ before your rear bumper reaches the sidewalk (See figure 4) and
check for pedestrians to the left and right (360 degrees around you).
C. Visualize and target your path around the corner, staying within 18" of the curb. Most
streets have a gutter line approximately 12" away from the curb, try using that as a guide.
D. Make a second stop before your rear bumper reaches the street or about halfway
around the corner and check for traffic to the left and right (360 degrees around you).
E. Remember to tum your steering wheel in the direction you want the rear of your car to move.

VII. UP AND DOWN HILL PARKING

Uphill With Curb (See figure 5)
A. Visualize and project your path from your present lane to the center of the parking lane.
Keep your eyes UP at eye level as you PROJECT YOUR PATH.
B. Stop within _______ inches of the curb.
C. Shift to neutral and cover the brake.
D. As you slowly roll, turn your wheels all the way away to the left.
E. Let the car roll gently to the curb.
F. Secure your car (set the parking brake and shift to park).
Downhill With Curb (See figure 6)
Tum wheels to the right, gently against the curb. Secure car.
*Note: Shift to reverse and back up off the curb before leaving.
Uphill and Downhill WITHOUT a Curb (See figu re 7)
While rolling slowly, turn wheels toward the road edge and secure car.

VIII. DRY STEERING

Refers to a driver turning the steering wheel when the car is_ _ _ _ in motion. If you
dry steer, you are damaging your rack and pinion, pump, tie-rods, bearings, and putting ---
undue wear on the steering column. You are also grinding your tires into the pavement
and causing them uneven wear.
Remember: ONLY tum the steering wheel while the car is in motion!

IX. LANE CHANGES: moving between travel lanes and parking lanes/turning lanes
A. SIGNAL in the direction you plan to move.
B. ✓ 1 - Check the inside rearview mirror with a quick glance.

---
C. ✓ 2 - Check the sideview mirror in the direction you intend to move.
D. ✓ 3 - Check the_ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _
____
_ in the direction you intend to move.
E. Go if clear and change your speed to match the speed of new lane.
Session 5 15
 Maneuve s
1. Demonstrate proper hand positioning for steering: A. Straight forward B. Straight backward C. Hand-over-hand
2. From which lane position should a right turn be made?_ _ _ _ _
_
3. From which lane position should a left turn be made? _______
4. When going straight, which lane position should you be in? ____
5. When might a driver make a right turn from lane position one or two? (check all that apply)
0 The road is too narrow to distinguish between the lane positions.
0 The driver is clueless about lane positions and what they are for.
0 The driver thinks the car is bigger than it actually is (void area optical illusion).
0 The driver likes sending mixed signals to other roadway users.
0 There is a car parked in lane position 3 very close to the intersection.
6. Choose a partner and demonstrate with toy car/cell phone a right and left turn (see page 14). Include targeting, vision
checks and communicating with others (signals, lane positions, wheels). Note: Use tum signal at least 100 feet before a tum!

Lane Changing Decisions

7. What are 3 types of lane changes? ----'-----'----___L-. ( B'
A: Travel lane to ____________________
_ lane.
B: Travel lane to/from lane.
C: Travel lane to/from lane.
.J+
- - - -

8. What is required before moving one or more car widths to the right or left? - - - -

9. Before making a lane change, what should you consider? Check all that apply:
A. Is it _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ ? B. Is it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _? C. Do you have a stable_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _?
D. Do you have an route? E. Are there _________ ahead?

Situations 1-3: Mark the correct answers. For incorrect ones, replace the underlined word(s) with the correct answer.
Situation 1: In making a lane change, you should:
0 A. Check blind spot on both sides. in the direction you want to go.
0 B. Signal what you are going to do. _______________
0 C. Match speed of new lane. _________________
0 D. Move from one lane to the other abruptly. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Situation 2: You are in the green car and want to move to the right lane. What should you do?
0 A. Move right immediately. _________________ _
0 B. When one car-length ahead, move right. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
0 C. Accelerate until you see the headlights of the blue car in your rear
view mirror and move right.________________
_
0 D. Slow down until you are behind the blue car, and then move right.
Situation 3: You are driving on the highway in the green car. You see a large
box ahead of you. You should:
0 A. Pull over on the shoulder and go ahead. ____________
0 B. Slow down and drive over the box. ______________
0 C. Check traffic in your rearview mirror.
0 D. If safe, stop off the highway and remove the box. _________
16 Session 5
 a e ection
Gap selection can be tricky for new drivers. If a gap isn't large enough, it's okay
to wait until it's safe. Don't feel pressured by other drivers. Figuring out the
timing can be easy once you know the math.

1. From a stopped position, how many seconds does it take a driver to make
a right turn? ____ How many seconds for a left turn? ____
2. When determining how much of a gap is enough, add a_ _ second
_
buffer to the time it takes to make a turn. Add the turning time plus the
buffer time to get the total gap (about_ _
_ seconds) needed so that you
will have an immediate ________ cushion in the new direction.
3. Now count how many_ _ _ _ _ _ _there are between cross traffic
and your vehicle, to judge whether or not there's enough space to turn.
_ for you.
4. Other drivers should not need to_ _ _ _ _
5. If you hesitate, you11 need to find a new ____
6. Depth perception and judging gaps is harder: If you don't
- when there is ______ light/darkness KNOW,
- because large vehicles appear to move_ _ _ _
_ don't go.
- on ____ because gravity affects starting speed.

Backing Increases Risk

7. Using toy cars and instructions from page 14-15, demonstrate how to A. Parallel park B. Back around a corner
8. Hand signals are required when your tum signals aren't visible. Draw the driver's arm to show the proper hand signal.
RIGHT LEFT SLOW/STOP

9. Draw the front wheels on the red trucks parked below, angled for hill parking.

Uphill with a curb Uphill without a curb Downhill with a curb Downhill without a curb

10. The purpose of positioning your wheels when hill parking is so that if your unattended vehicle rolls, it will:
0 Roll into traffic. 0 Roll to the curb or away from traffic.
Session 5 17