UNIT 8 GRAMMAR

I. Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-infinitive.
1. Maxicorp were the only company which replied my letter.
Maxicorp were the only company to reply my letter.
2. Do you know the man who is talking to my father?
Do you know the man talking to my father?
3. Applications which were sent after 23rd will not be considered.
Applications sent after 23rd will not be considered.
4. We have a lot of exercises which we have to do tonight.
We have a lot of exercises to do tonight.
5. Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares about.
Studies of her son are the most important thing for her to care about.
6. The equipment which belongs to the club is insured.
The equipment belonging to the club is insured.
7. George is the first person that we will interview.
George is the first person to be interviewed.
8. Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings.
Meetings held every month are called monthly meetings.
9. The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in Vung Tau.
The most excellent students rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in Vung Tau.
10. The trees which were planted last week are growing well.
The trees planted last week are growing well.
II. Rewrite the following sentences using present participle, past participle or to-infinitive.
1. The man who is talking to John is from Korea.
The man talking to John is from Korea.
2. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
The idea presented in that book are interesting.
3. Ann is the woman who is responsible for preparing the budget.
Ann is the woman responsible for preparing the budget.
4. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.
5. The books that are on that shelf are mine.
The books on that shelf are mine.
6. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
The children attending that school receive a good education.
7. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
The psychologists studying the nature of sleep have made important decision.
8. The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning.
The sunlight coming through the window wakes me up early every morning.
9. John Quincy Adams, who was born on July 11th 1767, was the sixth president of the United States.
John Quincy Adams born on July 11th 1767 was the sixth president of the United States.
10. These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago.
These are the ancient houses built a long time ago.
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. The guest on our show is the youngest golfer ____ the Open.
A. won B. to win C. being won D. winning
2. I have a message for people ____ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delaying C. delayed D. who delay
3. The ____ items in Con Moong Cave are now kept in Thanh Hoa Museum for preservation and displaying work.
A. excavating B. excavated C. excavation D. excavator
4. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is the only stone citadel in Southeast Asia ____ of large limestone blocks.
A. constructing B. which constructed C. to construct D. to be constructed
5. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress ____ on the stage here.
A. appeared B. appear C. appearing D. to appear
6. Have you visited the pagodas ____ on Tran Phu Street in Hoi An.
A. to lie B. lying C. lain D. lie
7. The Temple of Preah Vihear in Cambodia is composed of a series of sanctuaries ____ by a system of pavements
and starcases over an 800 metre long axis.
A. linked B. linking C. to link D. being linked
8. Cat Ba is also rich of cultural festivals and traditions that are highly potential for ____ and development.
A. research B. growth C. conservation D. promotion
9. Irresponsible tourists damaged the archaeological site and some of the relics ____ back to the last ruling dynasty.
A. to date B. dating C. to be dated D. date
10. The ancient houses ____ by the fire are now under reconstruction.
A. to destroy B. destroying C. destroyed D. destroy
11. The boy ____ in the accident was taken to hospital.
A. injuring B. being injured C. have injured D. injured
12. Hoi An Ancient Town is preserved in a remarkably ____ state.
A. damaged B. unspoiled C. intact D. unharmed
13. Son Doong Cave, ____ in 2009, is believed to contain the world's largest cave passage.
A. first explored B. to explore first C. exploring first D. was first explored
14. The captain was the last ____ the sinking ship.
A. to leave B. that leaving C. left D. whom to leave
15. Son Doong Cave is the largest cave in the world ____ in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park.
A. which discovered B. discovering C. to discover D. to be discovered
16. The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 11th century by the Ly Dynasty, ____ the independence of Dai
Viet.
A. marking B. offering C. commemorating D. bringing
17. Melanie was the only person ____ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing
18. No fluorescent lights, no motorcycles, no television, on the 15th day of each lunar month, the riverside town of
Hoi An ____ modern life the night off.
A. gives B. lets C. brings D. turns
19. We came to the temple dedicated to King Dinh Tien Hoang, ____ Hoa Lu to build the citadel.
A. to choose B. choosing C. chosen D. which chose
20. Who were those people ____ outside?
1. A. waited B. to wait C. who waiting D. waiting
4. Rewrite the sentences replacing relative clauses with participle clauses.
1. The tour guide who took charge of organizing our trip to Bai Dinh Pagoda last Saturday made a lot of
complaints about our lateness.
The tour guide taking charge of (= be responsible for) organizing our trip to Bai Dinh Pagoda last Saturday
made a lot of complaints about our lateness.
2. Have you ever dropped by the haunted house which is located in the southern region of this village?
Have you ever dropped by the haunted house located in the southern region of this village?

3. Several students who will join the culture fair next week are now learning to make paper puppets at the
school hall.
Several students joining the culture fair next week are now learning to make paper puppets at the school hall.

4. Many people who watched the movie “The shade of water” at the cinema last night felt scared of the
bloody scenes in the movie.
Many people watching the movie "The shade of water" at the cinema last night felt scared of the bloody scenes
in the movie.
5. All of the plastic bottles which are put in the yellow bag can be reused.
All of the plastic bottles put in the yellow bag can be reused.
6. The university dormitory which is situated in the city center is very expensive to rent.
The university dormitory situated in the city center is very expensive to rent.
7. New Zealand, which is known to have one of the most beautiful natural landscapes in the world,
attracts a huge number of tourists every year.
New Zealand, known to have one of the most beautiful natural landscapes in the world, attracts a huge number of
tourists every year.
8. Ha Long Bay, which is well-known for its unique natural scenery, appears to make very good
impressions on both domestic and international tourists.
Ha Long Bay, well known for its unique natural scenery, appears to make very good impressions on both domestic
and international tourists.
9. The Tomb of Khai Dinh, which belongs to the complex of Hue monuments, represents a mix of eastern
and western culture.
The Tomb of Khai Dinh, belonging to the complex of Hue monuments, represents a mix of eastern and
western culture.
10. Most of the monuments which were first built during the Ly Dynasty in the 11th century was
demolished in the early 20th century.
Most of the monuments first built during the Ly Dynasty in the 11th century was demolished in the early
20th century.
5. Combine the two sentences into one, using either an -ing or -ed participle.
1. A boy was injured in the accident. He was taken to hospital.
= a boy who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital
The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
2. The gate of the house was demolished in the storm. It has now been reconstructed.
The gate of the house demolished in the storm has now been repaired.
3. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting. Most of them were not very practical.
Most of the suggestions made at the meeting were not very practical.
4. Some paintings were stolen from the museum. They haven't been found yet.
The paintings stolen from the museum haven’t been found yet.
5. A man was arrested by the police. What was his name?
What was the name of the man arrested by the police?
What was the name of ?
6. Mary's grandmother hand-knitted a sweater for her on her 16th birthday. That sweater was a
valuable gift to Mary.
The sweater was a valuable gift to Mary.
7. The president delivered a long speech in public yesterday. That speech made a lot of people
annoyed. The long speech made a lot of people
annoyed.
8. This early morning, I saw one of my old neighbors. He was jogging outdoors despite the rain.
This early morning, I saw one of my old neighbors .
9. I want to relocate this cupboard to the left corner of my son's room. It contains all of his clothes.
I want to relocate the cupboard to
the left corner of my son's room.
10. An exhibition of traditional costumes will be held in the national museum this weekend. This
exhibition aims to introduce Vietnamese culture to international tourists.
An exhibition of traditional costumes will be held in the national museum this weekend.