一、选择题

1. 中世纪的时间分类

From the collapse of Roman Empire to the Renaissance and

Reformation 449-1485

Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066

Anglo-Norman Period 1066-1485

2. 伊丽莎白时代一个有名的戏剧创作团体，都有高等教育学历，这个团体名字叫啥 大学才子派

the University Wits

3. 四大悲剧 Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, Othello

4. Beowulf Geats 英雄 什么类型的诗 epic/heroic poem/vernacular epic

宗教主义

5. Alfred the Great 阿 尔 弗 雷 德 大 帝 时 代 的

the best monument of the old English (prose)

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史
6. 带领诺曼征服 William the Conqueror 威廉一世，诺曼王朝的首位英格兰国王

（ 1028-1087 ） 加 速 了 英 国 封 建 化 的 进 程 Accelerated the process of

feudalism in Britain

7. 哪个不是哈姆雷特的人物 叔父克劳迪斯 Claudius,母亲乔特鲁德 Gertrude,女朋友奥菲利

亚 Ophelia, Polonius:the father of Ophelia 波洛涅斯, 奥菲利亚的哥哥雷欧提斯

Laertes，哈姆雷特的朋友 Horatio 霍雷肖

8. 亚瑟王传奇中那个故事是 one of the best known stories 高文爵士与绿衣骑士

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

9. John Donne 上节课学过一个诗人挺有名的，在某某地有个雕像，这是谁他是哪个流派的，是玄学

派诗歌诗人。Metaphysical poetry

10. Conceits 哪个诗派？Metaphysical poetry

11. 哪个诗歌用梦境描述了中世纪的英格兰

The Parliament of Fowls

12. 雅虎 Yahoo 格列夫游记 Gulliver’s Travel

13. Shylock 是 The Merchant of Venice 里面的人物

14. Chaucer 作 品 中 哪 些 以 梦 境 写 成 的 （ 法 文 ） The house of Fame, The

parliament of Fowls, The book of the duchess,Legend of Good

Women

15. Phillip Sidney “The Defence of Poetry”一个有名的政论性文章，雪莱也写过同样的

一个文章。

16. Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫·马洛 伊丽莎白时代间谍、莎士比亚前驱、在伦敦、戏

剧家、批评家

17. 皇帝顺序：Henry 7 ,Henry8, Edward1, Mary, Elizabeth1

18. 斯宾塞寓言故事史诗 Edmund Spenser

The Faerie Queene 仙后

19. 文艺复兴时期最盛行的文体 诗剧 poetical drama、诗歌 poetry,散文 prose

20. Paradise lost 是什么类型的诗歌史诗，它与荷马史诗、神曲并称为西方三大诗歌 John

Milton Puritan literature 清教文学 epic 史诗

21. 英国词典编纂者 lexicographer Samuel Johnson

22. 16,17,18 世纪是哪个文体的黄金时代？

16c: 戏剧、诗歌 17c 18c: 小说

23. 书 信 体 小 说 (epistolary novel) Samuel Richardson: Pamela/Virtue,

Clarissa/The History of a young lady, The history of Sir Charles

Grandison

24. 托马斯莫尔 乌托邦 Tomas More Utopia Equality, fraternity, liberty

25. 天路历程 The pilgrim’s Progress John Bunyan

Realistic novel 现实主义

26. 莎士比亚戏剧的表达形式 blank verse 无韵诗

27. 下列哪个作家不是 18 世纪小说家（课本上哪个作家）

18 世纪英国启蒙运动时期作家：丹尼尔笛福（Daniel Defoe），乔纳森斯威夫特（Jonathan

Swift），约瑟夫艾迪生（Joseph Addison），亨利菲尔丁（Henry Fielding），托马斯

格 雷 （ Thomas Gray ） ， 罗 伯 特 彭 斯 （ Robert Burns ） ， 威 廉 布 莱 克 （ William

Blake），奥利佛哥尔德斯密斯（Oliver Goldsmith），理查德布林斯利谢里丹（Richard

Brinsley Butler Sheridan）

28. 乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 的格列弗游记 Gulliver’s Travels 特点 讽刺作品

satire，寓言小说 fable,allegory

30.Comic epic in prose 亨利菲尔丁（Henry Fielding） The History of the

Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of His Friend Mr. Abraham

Adams（书名）, “comic epic in prose” 《·安德鲁斯和他的朋友亚伯拉罕·》

31 用苏格兰语言进行创作的是 Robert Burns

32 友谊地久天长 Auld Lang Syne 的作者 Robert Burns

33.英国作家，商人，记者，小册子宣传者，间谍，第一部小说 1719 出版发表，销量仅次于圣经

Daniel Defoe

34 观察者 The Spectator journal 约瑟夫艾迪生 Joseph Addison，理查德斯蒂尔

Richard Steele

二、名词解释

1. 乌托邦（时间，作者，内容，意义，影响）

At the beginning of the 16 th century the outstanding humanist

Thomas More wrote his Utopia(1516) in which he gave a profound

and truthful picture of the people’s sufferings and put forward his

ideal of a future happy society. In Utopia, More adopted the literary

genre of travel notes and dialogues, and put forward his own

opinions of equality, fraternity and liberty. All the population in

Utopia should work, and all property belongs to the public.

Utopia is the first work on utopian socialism（空想社会主义） in Europe.

He criticized the evil of primitive accumulation of capital for the first

time, put forward the principle of public ownership and equality

based on organized production and universal labor, laid the

foundation of utopian socialism, and provided valuable ideological

materials for the development of scientific socialism （ 科 学 社 会 主 义 ）

later.

2. 斯宾塞诗节（时间，作家，韵律，哪部作品出现过，影响）

Spenserian stanza was invented by Edmund Spenser for his poem

The Faerie Queene (1590–1609).It is a verse form that consists of

eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic

feet (an alexandrine); the rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc. The first

eight lines produce an effect of formal unity, while the hexameter

completes the thought of the stanza. The stanza form was used by

Chaucer in his Monk’s Tale (eight lines rhyming ababbcbc). As a

revolutionary innovation in its day, the Spenserian stanza fell into

general disuse during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was revived

in the 19th century by the Romantic poets—e.g., Byron in Childe

Harold’s Pilgrimage, Keats in “The Eve of St. Agnes,” and Shelley in

“Adonais.”

3. 新古典主义（时间，代表作品/人物，背景，主题，艺术风格，意义）

Neoclassicism arose in 18th century. There are some main authors

and their most outstanding works: Jonathan Swift,Gulliver's Travels,

Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, and Samuel Johnson.In the field of

literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of

interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as

neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicists，all forms of literature

were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek

and Roman writers （ Homer ， Virgil ， and so on ） and those of the

contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals

should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy ， and that

literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. This

belief led them to seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in

literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct

human beings. Thus, a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art

developed.

三、Passage Analysis（这个是七个作者有一个作者用了两遍的，应该是把作品与作者匹配，知

道大体内容应该就足够。五个作者：莎士比亚 2 次，乔叟一次，威廉布莱克一次，丹尼尔笛福一次）

1. Hamlet 第二幕第二场

《》，让他们准备为众人排一出戏。哈姆雷特暗自决定利用这出谋杀戏来试探国王和王后。

2. General prologue

是运用现实主义表现手法的一部精妙之作。春天一个阳光明媚的早晨，来自英国四面八方的朝圣者纷纷结

伴出行、这些人来自英国不同的阶层，有着不同的生活方式、利益、审美情趣和嗜好。

节选一部分：

As soon as April pierces to the root

The drought of March, and baths each bud and shoot

Through every vein of sap with gentle showers

From whose engendering liquor spring the flowers;

When zephyrs have breathed softly all about

......

At night came all of twenty-nine assorted

Travellers, and to that same inn resorted,

......

I should in reason tell you the condition

Of each of them, his rank and his position,

And also what array they all were in;

And so then, with a Knight I will begin.

......

His son was with him, a young Squire, in age

.......

There was also a Nun, a Prioress,

Whose smile was gentle and full of guilelessness.

......

On it a large A and a crown above;

Beneath, “All things are subject unto love.”

3.鲁滨逊漂流记（课本节选每段的开头）

A little after noon I found the sea very calm, and the tide ebbed so

far out, that I could come within a quarter of a mile of the ships and

here I found a fresh renewing of my grief......

It was in vain to sit still and wish for what was not to be had;and this

extremity roused my application......

My raft was now strong enough to bear any reasonable weight......

My next care was for some ammunition and arms......

I had three encouragements......

It happened one day, about noon......

When I came to my castle, for so I think I called it ever after this......

While I was thus looking on them, I perceived by my perspective.....

I was dreadfully frightened......

There was between them and my castle the creek.....

I observed that the two......

But that which astonished him most was to know how I had killed

the other Indian so far off......

Upon this he signed to me......

Here I gave him bread and a bunch of raisins to eat......

He was a comely, handsome fellow......

3. Sonnet18:

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer’s lease hath all too short a date;

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimmed;

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed.

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;

Noe shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

The poet makes his beloved immortal by means of his poetry. This theme is a
conventional one in Elizabethan sonnets. But Shakespeare and Spenser treat it in an
original and individual manner. Spenser starts from a concrete situation and uses
dialogue to make his point. Shakespeare writes a monologue in the form of an
address. It contains a carefully reasoned argument which, as in many of
Shakespeare's sonnets, moves in a series of steps.
诗人以诗歌使他心爱的人永垂不朽。这个主题是伊丽莎白时代十四行诗的传统主题。
但是莎士比亚和斯宾塞以一种独特的方式对待它。斯宾塞从一个具体的情况出发，用对话来阐述他的观点。莎士比亚用演说的形式
写独白。它包含了一个仔细论证的论点，就像莎士比亚的许多十四行诗一样，以一系列的步骤移动。
The first line, a question, proposes a comparison between Shakespeare's beloved and
a summer season. Summer is chosen because it is lovely and pleasant. In the second
line the comparison is restricted: in outward appearance and character the beloved
person is more beautiful and less extreme than summer. The reasons for the
restriction are given in the next four lines which describe the less pleasant aspects of
summer. In the seventh and eighth lines Shakespeare complains that every beauty
will become less one day. The ninth line takes up the comparison with summer again:
summer has by now become the summer of life. The comparison turns into a
contrast by referring back to the seventh. The poet's assurance becomes even firmer
in lines eleven and twelve, which contain a promise that death will be conquered.
'Eternal lines' refers to lines of poetry but also suggest lines of shape. It points
forward to the triumphant couplet which explains and summarizes the theme:
poetry is immortal and makes beauty immortal. 第一行，一个问题，提出了莎士比亚心爱的和夏季之间的
比较。选择夏天是因为它是可爱的，令人愉快的。在第二行，比较是受限的:在外表和性格上，心爱的人比夏天更美丽，也没有夏天
那么极端。限制的原因在接下来的四行描述夏天不太愉快的方面给出了。在第七行和第八行，莎士比亚抱怨说每一个美丽的人总有
一天会变少。第九行再次与夏天进行比较:夏天现在已经成为生命的夏天。通过回到第七段，比较变成了对比。在第 11 行和第
12 行中，诗人的信心更加坚定，这两行许诺死亡将被征服。“永恒的线条”指的是诗歌的线条，但也让人联想到线条的形状。指
出了诠释和总结这一主题的洋洋对联:诗是不朽的，美是不朽的。
Because of the step by step arguments Shakespeare's conclusion makes the
impression of great certainty. His method is more rational and logical than Spenser's.
Spenser does not try to argue or prove his theme. 由于循序渐进的论证，莎士比亚的结论给人以非常肯
定的印象。他的方法比斯宾塞的更理性、更有逻辑。斯宾塞并不试图争辩或证明他的主题。

William Blake 创作风格 浪漫主义

课本上节选了三首诗歌：
London
I wander thro’each charter’d street,
Near where the charter’d Thames does flow,
And mark in every face I meet
Marks of weakness, marks of woe.

In every cry of wvery Man,

In every infant’s cry of fear,
In every voice, in every ban,
The mind-forg’d manacles I hear:

How the Chimney-sweeper’s cry

Every blackning Church appalls,
And the hapless Soldier’s sigh
Runs in blood down Palace walls.

But most thro’midnight streets I hear

How the youthful Harlot’s curse
Blasts the new-born Infant’s tear,
And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse.

The tyger
Tyger!Tyger!burning bright
In the forest of the night
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

In what distant deeps or skies

Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand dare seize the fire?

And what shoulder,&want art,

Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread hang&what dread feet?

What the hammer?What the chain?

In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil?what dread grasp
Dare its deadly terrors clasp?

When the stars threw down their spears,

And water’d heaven with their tears,
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?
Typer!Typer!burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye,
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?

The chimney sweeper

A little black thing among the snow
Crying”weep,weep”in notes of woe!
“Where are thy father&mother?say? ”
“They are both gone up to the church to pray.

“Because I was happy upon the heath,

And smil’d among the winter’s snow;
They clothed me in the clothes of death,
And taught me to sing the notes of woe.

“and because I am happy,&dance&sing,

They think they have done me no injury,
And are gone to praise God&his Priest&King,
Who make up a heaven of our misery.”
《》
《》
《》

布莱克的诗：歌谣体，无韵体，布莱克：18 世纪中叶英国感伤主义诗歌开路人，他的诗歌既有对英国社

会罪恶进行强烈谴责、对贫苦人民极其同情的一面，也有浓厚的神秘主义色彩和宗教情绪的另一面。

莎士比亚三类作品各列三个
历史剧：King Henry IV《》The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ《》
Henry VIII 亨利八世
喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s Dream,《》 The Merchant of Venice,《》As You Like It《》Twelfth Night《》
悲剧：Hamlet《》 Othello《》 King Lear《》, Macbeth《》
传奇剧：The Tempest 《》Cymbeline《》The Winter‘s Tale《》

鲁滨逊漂流记人物分析
（1）Robinson Crusoe is the realistic novel in 18th century written by Daniel Defoe.
The 18-century was predominated by a newly rising literary form ， the modern
English novel ， which ， contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats ， gives a
realistic presentation of life of the common English people. An adventure story very
much in the spirit of the time. It creates the image of an enterprising Englishman,
typical of the English bourgeoisie(资产阶级) of the 18th century.
（2）Robinson Crusoe is a hardworking person. He believes that by using his
industrious hands and intelligence he can create a new world.
（3）Robinson Crusoe is the very prototype of the pioneer colonist. He has the nature
of exploitation and pillage.
（4）Robinson Crusoe is a person who knows the original accumulation of capital. He
reflects the positive progress of the emerging bourgeoisie in Britain,possessing and
creating material wealth constantly.
（5）In describing Robinson Crusoe’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labour
and the puritan fortitude. Robinson became the hero of middle and small
bourgeoisie at that time. He is the first idealized image of emerging bourgeoisie in
western literature. He showed a strong bourgeois enterprising spirit and
enlightenment consciousness.

简答题：为什么文艺复兴能产生莎士比亚？