To use a joystick as a mouse using HID, you need to define a HID report descriptor that describes the
behavior of a mouse. Below is an example of a static const uint8_t hidReportDescriptor[] for a mouse,
designed for a device that will act as an HID-compliant mouse:
HID Report Descriptor for Mouse
c
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static const uint8_t hidReportDescriptor[] = {
0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop Ctrls)
0x09, 0x02, // Usage (Mouse)
0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application)
0x09, 0x01, // Usage (Pointer)
0xA1, 0x00, // Collection (Physical)
0x05, 0x09, // Usage Page (Button)
0x19, 0x01, // Usage Minimum (1)
0x29, 0x03, // Usage Maximum (3)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x25, 0x01, // Logical Maximum (1)
0x95, 0x03, // Report Count (3)
0x75, 0x01, // Report Size (1)
0x81, 0x02, // Input (Data,Var,Abs)
0x95, 0x01, // Report Count (1)
0x75, 0x05, // Report Size (5)
0x81, 0x03, // Input (Const,Var,Abs)
0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop Ctrls)
0x09, 0x30, // Usage (X)
0x09, 0x31, // Usage (Y)
0x15, 0x81, // Logical Minimum (-127)
0x25, 0x7F, // Logical Maximum (127)
0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8)
0x95, 0x02, // Report Count (2)
0x81, 0x06, // Input (Data,Var,Rel)
0xC0, // End Collection
0xC0 // End Collection
};
Explanation:
Usage Page (Generic Desktop Controls):
Specifies the usage page for common HID devices.
Usage (Mouse):
Defines this device as a mouse.
Collections:
Application collection: The entire mouse.
Physical collection: The pointer.
Buttons:
Defines 3 buttons (left, right, and middle).
Logical Minimum (0) and Maximum (1) represent button states.
X and Y Axes:
Defines the mouse movement in the X and Y directions.
Logical Minimum (-127) and Maximum (127) for relative movement.
Notes:
You'll need to map joystick inputs to this HID report structure in your firmware.
For example, map the joystick X and Y axes to mouse movement and buttons to joystick switches.
If you have further details about your joystick setup, I can help tailor the code!
You said:
using this HID Report Descriptor please write a arduino code to immitate mouse by using joystick
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
Here’s an Arduino code example that uses the provided HID report descriptor to emulate a mouse
using a joystick. This assumes you are using an Arduino-compatible board with native USB HID
support (e.g., Arduino Leonardo, Micro, or similar).
Arduino Code: Joystick as a Mouse
cpp
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#include <HID-Project.h>
// Define joystick pins
const int joystickXPin = A0; // Analog pin for X-axis
const int joystickYPin = A1; // Analog pin for Y-axis
const int buttonPin = 2; // Digital pin for a joystick button (e.g., left click)
// Calibration values
const int joystickMid = 512; // Middle value for the joystick (depends on your joystick's resolution)
const int deadzone = 50; // Deadzone to prevent drift
const int sensitivity = 5; // Sensitivity for mouse movement
void setup() {
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); // Button is active LOW
HID.begin(); // Start the HID communication
}
void loop() {
// Read joystick values
int xValue = analogRead(joystickXPin);
int yValue = analogRead(joystickYPin);
// Map joystick values to mouse movement
int xMovement = 0;
int yMovement = 0;
if (abs(xValue - joystickMid) > deadzone) {
xMovement = (xValue - joystickMid) / sensitivity;
}
if (abs(yValue - joystickMid) > deadzone) {
yMovement = (yValue - joystickMid) / sensitivity;
}
// Read button state for left mouse click
bool buttonPressed = digitalRead(buttonPin) == LOW;
// Send mouse movement and button state
Mouse.move(xMovement, yMovement); // Move the mouse
if (buttonPressed) {
Mouse.press(MOUSE_LEFT); // Press left mouse button
} else {
Mouse.release(MOUSE_LEFT); // Release left mouse button
}
delay(10); // Small delay for smoother response
}
Explanation:
Joystick Input:
The joystick's X and Y axes are read as analog values. The midpoint is calibrated to 512 (for 10-bit ADC
resolution).
Deadzone prevents small fluctuations from causing unwanted mouse movements.
Sensitivity adjusts how much joystick movement affects the mouse.
Mouse Movement:
The mouse movement is calculated by mapping joystick values to relative changes.
Button Input:
A digital pin is used to detect the state of a button.
The button is configured as active LOW (INPUT_PULLUP).
Mouse Control:
The Mouse.move() function sends relative movement to the host.
The Mouse.press() and Mouse.release() functions handle mouse button clicks.
Notes:
Install the HID-Project library if not already done. This library simplifies HID device implementation.
Make sure to connect your joystick correctly to the specified analog and digital pins.
You can add more buttons or axes as needed by expanding the logic in the code.
Would you like help with library installation or modifications for additional functionality?
You said:
send command to HID dont use mouse function
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
If you want to send raw HID reports directly to the host without using the Mouse functions, you can
use the HID library to send custom HID reports. Below is an example of how to implement this for a
joystick that emulates mouse functionality.
Full Arduino Code to Send Raw HID Commands
cpp
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#include <PluggableUSB.h>
#include <HID.h>
// HID Report Descriptor (defined in the question)
static const uint8_t hidReportDescriptor[] PROGMEM = {
0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop Ctrls)
0x09, 0x02, // Usage (Mouse)
0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application)
0x09, 0x01, // Usage (Pointer)
0xA1, 0x00, // Collection (Physical)
0x05, 0x09, // Usage Page (Button)
0x19, 0x01, // Usage Minimum (1)
0x29, 0x03, // Usage Maximum (3)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x25, 0x01, // Logical Maximum (1)
0x95, 0x03, // Report Count (3)
0x75, 0x01, // Report Size (1)
0x81, 0x02, // Input (Data,Var,Abs)
0x95, 0x01, // Report Count (1)
0x75, 0x05, // Report Size (5)
0x81, 0x03, // Input (Const,Var,Abs)
0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop Ctrls)
0x09, 0x30, // Usage (X)
0x09, 0x31, // Usage (Y)
0x15, 0x81, // Logical Minimum (-127)
0x25, 0x7F, // Logical Maximum (127)
0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8)
0x95, 0x02, // Report Count (2)
0x81, 0x06, // Input (Data,Var,Rel)
0xC0, // End Collection
0xC0 // End Collection
};
// HID Mouse instance
HIDSubDescriptor descriptor(hidReportDescriptor, sizeof(hidReportDescriptor));
// Joystick pins
const int joystickXPin = A0; // Analog pin for X-axis
const int joystickYPin = A1; // Analog pin for Y-axis
const int buttonPin = 2; // Button pin
// Calibration constants
const int joystickMid = 512; // Joystick center value
const int deadzone = 50; // Deadzone threshold
const int sensitivity = 5; // Sensitivity for movement
void setup() {
// Initialize joystick input pins
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
// Register HID descriptor
HID().AppendDescriptor(&descriptor);
}
void loop() {
// Read joystick values
int xValue = analogRead(joystickXPin);
int yValue = analogRead(joystickYPin);
// Calculate movement
int8_t xMovement = 0;
int8_t yMovement = 0;
if (abs(xValue - joystickMid) > deadzone) {
xMovement = (xValue - joystickMid) / sensitivity;
}
if (abs(yValue - joystickMid) > deadzone) {
yMovement = (yValue - joystickMid) / sensitivity;
}
// Read button state
uint8_t buttons = digitalRead(buttonPin) == LOW ? 0x01 : 0x00; // Left button
// Build HID report
uint8_t report[3];
report[0] = buttons; // Buttons state
report[1] = xMovement; // X-axis movement
report[2] = yMovement; // Y-axis movement
// Send HID report
HID().SendReport(1, report, sizeof(report));
// Small delay for smooth response
delay(10);
}
Key Points of the Code:
HID Descriptor:
The HIDSubDescriptor class registers the raw HID report descriptor.
Joystick Mapping:
Analog joystick readings are converted to relative mouse movements.
Raw HID Report:
The HID report contains 3 bytes:
Byte 0: Button states (bits 0–2 for left, right, and middle buttons).
Byte 1: X-axis movement.
Byte 2: Y-axis movement.
Sending Reports:
HID().SendReport() sends the raw report directly to the host.
Notes:
Make sure to use a board with native USB HID support (e.g., Arduino Leonardo, Micro, etc.).
Adjust the joystickMid, deadzone, and sensitivity values based on your joystick's behavior.
The PluggableUSB and HID libraries are built into the Arduino core for supported boards.
Would you like additional assistance with modifying this code for specific features or testing?
You said:
In file included from
C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Temp\arduino\sketches\B5A3715BB0232EF7449AFAF17FB63410\sket
ch\Normal_Mouse.ino.cpp:1:0:
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\hardware\NormalMouse\avr\1.8.6\cores\arduino/Arduino.h:25
8:10: fatal error: pins_arduino.h: No such file or directory
#include "pins_arduino.h"
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
exit status 1
Compilation error: exit status 1
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
The error indicates that your Arduino environment is unable to find the pins_arduino.h file, which is
part of the hardware core files for the selected board. This issue typically occurs when the board
configuration is not properly set up or the custom board files are not correctly installed.
Steps to Fix the Issue:
Verify Board Selection:
Ensure you have selected the correct board in Tools > Board in the Arduino IDE.
If you are using a custom board (e.g., NormalMouse), make sure its core files are correctly installed in
the hardware folder.
Reinstall Arduino IDE:
If the problem persists with standard boards, reinstall the Arduino IDE to restore missing files.
Custom Board Installation:
If you are using custom board files, ensure they are installed in the correct directory:
Place the custom board folder in the Documents/Arduino/hardware/ directory.
Inside the custom board folder, you should have subdirectories like avr containing core files, including
pins_arduino.h.
Verify Custom Core Files:
Ensure that the pins_arduino.h file exists in the variants folder for the selected board core. For
example:
bash
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Documents/Arduino/hardware/<custom-board-name>/avr/variants/<variant-name>/pins_arduino.h
Clear Arduino IDE Cache:
Sometimes, the IDE cache can cause compilation issues. Clear the cache:
Go to File > Preferences and note the Sketchbook location.
Delete the Temp and Build folders inside the Sketchbook location.
Use a Standard Board for Testing:
If you are debugging, test the sketch with a standard Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Leonardo or Micro).
Select the correct board in Tools > Board and upload the sketch.
Verify Sketch Path:
Ensure the sketch is saved in the proper location and its directory doesn’t conflict with Arduino’s core
paths.
Update or Reinstall Board Packages:
If using a custom core from the Arduino Boards Manager:
Go to Tools > Board > Boards Manager and update or reinstall the package.
Testing with Standard Arduino Boards
To rule out issues with custom files:
Select Arduino Leonardo or Arduino Micro under Tools > Board.
Compile a basic sketch (e.g., Blink).
If it compiles successfully, the issue lies with the custom board files.
Would you like further assistance with your board configuration?
You said:
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\Normal Mouse\Normal_Mouse\Normal_Mouse.ino:35:1: error:
'HIDSubDescriptor' does not name a type; did you mean 'hidReportDescriptor'?
HIDSubDescriptor descriptor(hidReportDescriptor, sizeof(hidReportDescriptor));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
hidReportDescriptor
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\Normal Mouse\Normal_Mouse\Normal_Mouse.ino: In function
'void setup()':
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\Normal Mouse\Normal_Mouse\Normal_Mouse.ino:52:3: error:
'HID' was not declared in this scope
HID().AppendDescriptor(&descriptor);
^~~
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\Normal Mouse\Normal_Mouse\Normal_Mouse.ino:52:3: note:
suggested alternative: 'PIND'
HID().AppendDescriptor(&descriptor);
^~~
PIND
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\Normal Mouse\Normal_Mouse\Normal_Mouse.ino:52:27: error:
'descriptor' was not declared in this scope
HID().AppendDescriptor(&descriptor);
^~~~~~~~~~
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\Normal Mouse\Normal_Mouse\Normal_Mouse.ino: In function
'void loop()':
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\Normal Mouse\Normal_Mouse\Normal_Mouse.ino:81:3: error:
'HID' was not declared in this scope
HID().SendReport(1, report, sizeof(report));
^~~
C:\Users\USER\Documents\Arduino\Normal Mouse\Normal_Mouse\Normal_Mouse.ino:81:3: note:
suggested alternative: 'PIND'
HID().SendReport(1, report, sizeof(report));
^~~
PIND
exit status 1
Compilation error: 'HIDSubDescriptor' does not name a type; did you mean 'hidReportDescriptor'?
ChatGPT said:
ChatGPT
The error indicates that the Arduino core you're using does not recognize the HID and
HIDSubDescriptor classes. These are typically available only on boards with native USB HID support
(e.g., Arduino Leonardo, Micro, or other ATmega32U4-based boards). Additionally, your environment
might lack proper setup for these classes.
Steps to Resolve
Verify Board Compatibility:
Ensure you are using a board with native USB HID support, such as:
Arduino Leonardo
Arduino Micro
SparkFun Pro Micro
Select the correct board under Tools > Board in the Arduino IDE.
Include Required Libraries:
For native USB HID support, include the HID.h library explicitly at the top of your sketch:
cpp
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#include <HID.h>
Ensure Proper Core Files:
Verify that your selected board uses a USB-capable core that includes HID functionality. For Arduino
AVR boards, ensure the Arduino AVR Boards package is updated:
Go to Tools > Board > Boards Manager.
Search for Arduino AVR Boards and update it if necessary.
Enable HID in Board Core:
Some custom boards might disable HID functionality. Check the core's USBAPI.h file to ensure HID is
defined:
Locate the core files, usually in:
php
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C:\Users\<YourUsername>\AppData\Local\Arduino15\packages\arduino\hardware\avr\<version>\
Open USBAPI.h and confirm the presence of HID support.
Correct Code for HID Handling:
Modify your sketch to include the HID initialization explicitly. Use the PluggableUSB library if needed:
cpp
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#include <HID.h>
Test with Built-in Examples:
Load a simple built-in example for HID devices (e.g., Keyboard or Mouse) from File > Examples > HID
to ensure the board and libraries are functioning correctly.
Updated Code with Compatibility Adjustments
cpp
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#include <HID.h>
// HID Report Descriptor
static const uint8_t hidReportDescriptor[] PROGMEM = {
0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop Ctrls)
0x09, 0x02, // Usage (Mouse)
0xA1, 0x01, // Collection (Application)
0x09, 0x01, // Usage (Pointer)
0xA1, 0x00, // Collection (Physical)
0x05, 0x09, // Usage Page (Button)
0x19, 0x01, // Usage Minimum (1)
0x29, 0x03, // Usage Maximum (3)
0x15, 0x00, // Logical Minimum (0)
0x25, 0x01, // Logical Maximum (1)
0x95, 0x03, // Report Count (3)
0x75, 0x01, // Report Size (1)
0x81, 0x02, // Input (Data,Var,Abs)
0x95, 0x01, // Report Count (1)
0x75, 0x05, // Report Size (5)
0x81, 0x03, // Input (Const,Var,Abs)
0x05, 0x01, // Usage Page (Generic Desktop Ctrls)
0x09, 0x30, // Usage (X)
0x09, 0x31, // Usage (Y)
0x15, 0x81, // Logical Minimum (-127)
0x25, 0x7F, // Logical Maximum (127)
0x75, 0x08, // Report Size (8)
0x95, 0x02, // Report Count (2)
0x81, 0x06, // Input (Data,Var,Rel)
0xC0, // End Collection
0xC0 // End Collection
};
HIDSubDescriptor descriptor(hidReportDescriptor, sizeof(hidReportDescriptor));
void setup() {
HID().AppendDescriptor(&descriptor); // Register HID descriptor
}
void loop() {
uint8_t report[3] = {0}; // Placeholder for HID report
HID().SendReport(1, report, sizeof(report));
delay(10);
}
If the Issue Persists:
Reinstall Arduino AVR Core:
Reinstall Arduino AVR Boards through the Boards Manager.
Test Basic HID Examples:
Test with built-in examples (like the Keyboard or Mouse libraries).
Alternative HID Library:
Use a custom HID library like NicoHood's HID for more robust HID support:
Install from Library Manager.
Let me know if you need more guidance!
