Content List

Tense Conditional Sentence

Sentence Completion

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 Tense

The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being that is expressed by the
verb. Each of the six tenses has a basic form. All basic forms are derived from the principal
parts: present (base), present participle (be verb plus -ing), past (-ed), and past participle (-
en plus have, had, has).

There are four categories of verb tenses: simple, perfect, progressive( continuous), and
perfect progressive (continuous) , with a version of the present, past, and future in each
category. Each tense has its own meaning. When the actions take place (completed,
ongoing,

Simple Forms

Present
It indicates actions or conditions occurring now. Present tense is often used to st ate general
information as well as thoughts and opinions.

 Subject +Verb(s/es)+Object

 Ex. Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.

Ex. They are angry about the decision.

Past
It indicates actions or conditions that have occurred already and do not extend into the
present.

 Sub+V2+ Obj

 Ex. She felt better after her test.

Ex. Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939.

Future
It indicates actions that have yet to begin.

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  Sub+shall/will+V 1+Obj

 Ex. I will graduate the year after next.

Ex. The exhibition will come to Houston in September.

Note: The question of when to use shall has been asked for many years, for it is often not used
here in U.S. Shall should be used when discussing legal documents, meetings, and
obligations. Shall is also often used when the speaker is being polite or offering an invitation. **
Practice-1

Let‘s test your knowledge of the information above before moving on. In each blank below,
write the tense of the verb in parenthesis.

1. She around the living room. (run-present)

2. We our plans for the weekend. (discuss-past)

3. The boat as soon as the cargo of machinery is loaded. (sail-future)

4. Natasha listening to music. (enjoy-past)

5. He musical comedies. (like-present)

6. I you my new leather jacket. (lend-future)

7. These arguments you that I am right. (convince-future)

8. Although the car is old, it well. (run-present)

9. The shopper to see the manager. (ask-past)

10. The man in the corner lead guitar in the band. (play-present)

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Practice-2

Identify the tense of the underlined verb in each sentence.

1. She will attend a conference in Washington.

2. Barbara and Marie refused to sign the petition.

3. The dancers rehearse everyday.

4. Storytelling existed before written history.

5. Blue jays have many unusual habits.

6. A squirrel drops its nuts when it gets frightened.

7. A good story will have action and drama.

8. We spotted a bird with red wings and tail.

9. The animals‘ unpleasant shrieks warn other animals of danger.

10. We will< practice our math skills this year.

Perfect Forms

Perfect tenses give information about the time frame of an action‘s completion. The perfect
tenses indicate the action of the verb has been completed by a specific point in the past, present,
or future.

Present Perfect
The present perfect tense describes an event that has already been completed in the present.

 Sub+have/has+V 3+Obj

 Ex. I have walked to school for five years.

 Ex. Dad has written many stories of his childhood.

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Past Perfect
The next tense is the past perfect, where the action was completed before a specified time in
the past.

 Sub+had+V3+Obj

 Ex. We had considered several alternative plans.

 Ex. Bill had finished packing before the taxi arrived.

Future Perfect
It states that the action will have been completed by a specified time in the future.

 Sub + will have/shall have+ V 3+ Obj

 Ex. In ten years the original investment will have doubled.

 Ex. The students will have used all their paper by December.
Practice-3

. Underline the verb in each of the following sentences. Then identify the tense of each verb.

1. They had notified us of their arrival.

2. Our dogs have bitten no one.

3. The family will have finished dinner by seven.

4. We have seen that movie twice.

5. Tom will have departed before Brain‘s arrival.

6. Janet has refused any credit for the team‘s success.

7. By this evening, I will have cleaned the whole downstairs.

8. We had avoided each other for 20 years.

9. We had considered several alternate plans.

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10. I have memorized two poems by Walt Whitman.

Practice-4

Write the basic form of the verb as directed in parenthesis.

1. The Johnsons three times in the past year. (move-present perfect)

2. They everything they wanted to by the end of their vacation. (see-past perfect)

3. By the end of their tour, the group in eleven cities. (perform-future perfect)

4. Sharon to her counselor earlier in the day. (talk-past perfect)

5. We very fond of our new neighbors. (grow-present perfect)

6. Margie before the spring semester. (graduate-future perfect)

7. We three times this week. (exercise-present perfect)

8. The manager to the pitcher twice by that time. (talk-past perfect)

9. I the whole kitchen by the time Mom returns. (clean-future perfect)

10. The rescuers the area for the past three hours. (search-present perfect)

Progressive Forms (continuous forms)

It means the action or conditions are unfinished (ongoing, continuing).

Present Progressive (Continuous)

Present progressive indicates actions are ongoing even as we speak.

 Sub + am/ is / are + Ving + Obj

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  Ex. The kids are playing outside.
 Ex. Sam is attending church.

Past Progressive (Continuous)

With the past progressive, the action was going on during a past period being discussed.

 Sub + was/were + Ving + Obj

 Ex. By the 1970s, many Americans were buying smaller cars.

 Ex. I was writing to you when you telephoned me.

Future Progressive (Continuous)

It indicates that the action will be ongoing during some future time frame.

 Sub + shall be /will be + Ving + Obj

 Ex. A team of observers will be monitoring the elections.

 Ex. Clarissa will be studying music at a special camp this summer.

Practice-5

Supply the progressive form of the verb as directed in parenthesis.

1. Despite her height, Kate to make the basketball team. (hope-present

progressive)

2. The rain all of our plans. (ruin-present progressive)

3. The last ferry soon. (leave-future progressive)

4. The workers the building. (repair-future progressive)

5. The architect his plans. (explain-present progressive)

6. They important political issues. (discuss-present progressive)

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Perfect Progressive Forms (Perfect Continuous forms)

There are also perfect progressive tenses that use a combination of perfect and progressive
forms. Perfect progressive emphasizes the duration or the continuousness of the action. To write
in the perfect progressive tense, you will use a form of have (perfect) followed by a be verb
and -ing (progressive).

Present Perfect Progressive

The present perfect progressive describes something that began in the past, continues into
the present, and may continue into the future

 Sub + have been/ has been + Ving+ Obj

 Ex. Kim has been writing a novel since she left high school.
 Ex. The Smiths have been breeding dogs since 2000.

Past Perfect Progressive

The past perfect progressive tense describes something that began in the past, continued in
the past, and concluded in the past. It is formed with had and been plus the -ing form of the
verb.

 Sub + had been + Ving+ Obj

 Ex. I had been riding the bus until I got my license.

 Ex. Frank had been leaving get well notes to his uncle.

Future Perfect Progressive

The future perfect progressive describes something that begins in the present and continues
into the future. It is formed with will have and been plus the -ing form of the verb.

 Sub + will have been + Ving+ Obj

 Ex. By the time the class ends, the students will have been working for 10 minutes
without a break.
 Ex. Hannah will have been playing the piano for five years this June.

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Practice-6

Write the correct form of the verb as stated in parenthesis.

1. She all afternoon. (study-past perfect progressive)

2. Susan for two hours by 9 a.m. (work-future perfect progressive)

3. Diane us a folk tale. (tell-present perfect progressive)

4. Reggie a heavy course load this year. (carry-present perfect

progressive)

5. I was very relieved because I a much lower grade. (expect-past perfect

progressive)

6. He for two hours by noon. (swim-future perfect progressive)

7. Nick second thoughts about the concert. (have-present perfect

progressive)

8. We the dancer carefully all evening (watch-past perfect progressive)

Practice-7

Identify the tense of each of the following verbs.

1. will be going 2. Ride 3. was bringing 4. had kept 5. had been leaving

6. Wrote 7. will have written 8. has given 9. will ride 10. will have been crying

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Practice-8

Some of the verbs in this paragraph are in the wrong tense. Decide which verbs must be
changed, then rewrite those sentences, correcting those verbs.

1) Last year for my birthday, my parents took me to New York City. 2) We visit the Empire
State Building and take a boat to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island. 3)I will like best the
boat ride through the harbor to the Statue and Ellis Island. 4)It made me think of the boat
ride my great‐grandfather took to come to Ellis Island as an immigrant. 5)My father says he
remembers his grandfather telling him the story of the ocean voyage. 6)When great‐
grandfather arrives in New York, he sees the statue. 7)I am sure that I had always
remembered that story too.

Conditional Sentence

A conditional sentence is based on the word ‗if‘. There are always two parts to a conditional
sentence – one part beginning with ‗if‘ to describe a possible situation, and the second part
which describes the consequence. For example:

 If it rains, we‘ll get wet.

We can also invert the two parts of a conditional sentence so that the ‗if‘ part comes second,
and this is especially common in questions.

 What will you do if you miss the train?

 How can you finish the project if you don‘t have a computer?
 What happens if the students don‘t pass an exam?

There are four types of conditional sentences:

0 – The zero conditional

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1 – The first conditional

2 – The second conditional

3 – The third conditional

It is also possible to mix the second and third conditional. Let‘s look at each conditional to
see how we use them.

The Zero Conditional

We use the zero conditional to talk about permanent truths, such as scientific facts, and
general habits. The structure is simple:

If + Present Simple Present Simple

50% Possibility 100% certainty

 If you heat water to 100°, it boils.

 If you eat a lot, you put on weight.
 If it doesn’t rain for a long time, the earth gets very dry.
 If we go out with friends, we normally go to a restaurant.
 If I‘m tired, I go to bed early.

The First Conditional

We use the first conditional to talk about a realistic situation in the present or future. The
structure of the first conditional is as follows:

If + Present Simple Will + Verb

Can + Verb

Must + Verb

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 Imperative form

50% Possibility 100% Certainty

 If you‘re free later, we can go for a walk.

 If they‘re hungry, I‘ll make some sandwiches.
 If you‘re not back by 5pm, give me a ring.
 If he studies hard, he‘ll do well in the exam.
 If we arrive late, we must get a taxi.
 He‘ll call if he needs help.
 Take a break if you‘re tired.

Another way to make first conditional sentences is to use ‘unless’ which means ‘only if’ or
‘except’. As with ‗if‘, the word ‗unless‘ can never be followed by ‗will‘ but only by the
present simple.

 Unless you hurry up, you won‘t catch the bus.

 I‘ll carry on doing this work, unless my boss tells me to do something else.
 We‘ll stay at home unless the weather improves.

The Second Conditional

We use the second conditional to talk about improbable or impossible situations in the
present or future. Here is the structure:

If + Past simple Would/Could + verb

0 To 5% possibility 100% Certainty

 If I had more time, I‘d exercise more. (But I don‘t have more time so I don‘t.)

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  If I were rich, I‘d spend all my time travelling. (But I‘m not rich so I can‘t.)
 If she saw a snake, she‘d be terrified.
 If he didn’t have to work late, he could go out with his girlfriend.
 What would you do if you were offered a job in Canada?
 You wouldn’t have to walk everywhere if you bought a bike.

A common expression used to give advice has the second conditional structure. The
expression is ‗If I were you, I‘d..‘, meaning ‗in your situation, this is what I would do‘.
A: I’ve got a headache.

 B: If I were you, I’d take an aspirin.

 A: I don’t understand this.
 B: If I were you, I’d ask your teacher for help.
 A: This order won’t be delivered on time.
 B: If I were you, I’d phone the customer to let them know.

The Third Conditional

We use the third conditional to talk about impossible situations, as in the second
conditional, in the past. We often use the third conditional to describe regrets. The structure
is:

If + Past perfect Would have/ could have + Past Participle

0% Possibility 100% Certainty

 If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time.

 If you hadn’t forgotten her birthday, she wouldn’t have been upset.
 If they had booked earlier, they could have found better seats.
 If I hadn’t learnt English, I wouldn’t have got this job.
 What would you have studied if you hadn’t done engineering?
 They wouldn’t have hired you if you hadn’t had some experience abroad.
 You could have helped me if you‘d stayed later.

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Mixed Conditionals

It‘s possible to combine the second and third conditional in one sentence when we want to
make a hypothesis about the past that has a consequence in the present. In this case, the
structure is:

If + Past perfect Would/ could + verb

0% Possibility 100% Certainty

 If you‘d studied harder, you‘d be at a higher level now.

 We‘d be lying on a beach now if we hadn’t missed the plane.
 They‘d have much more confidence if they hadn’t lost so many matches.
 What would you be doing now if you hadn’t decided to study?

Practice-9
1. If we meet at 9:30, we ----------(to have) plenty of time.
2. Lisa would find the milk if she ---------(to look) in the fridge.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ---------(to feed) the animals.
4. If you spoke louder, your classmates -----------(to understand) you.
5. Dan -----------(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6. You ----------(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7. If you ---------(to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
8. The door will unlock if you --------(to press) the green button.
9. If Mel ---------(to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
10. I -----------(to call) the office if I was/were you.
Conditionals with other expressions:

Unless

Conditional clauses can begin with unless. Unless means something similar to ‗if … not‘ or
‗except if‘.

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The verb forms in the examples are similar to sentences with if: we use the present simple in
the unless-clause and shall, should, will, would, can, could, may or might in the main clause:
 Unless I phone you, you can assume the train‘s on time. (If I do not phone you /except if
I phone you, you can assume the train is on time.)
 We‘ll have to cancel the show unless we sell more tickets at the last minute. (We‘ll have
to cancel the show if we do not sell more tickets/except if we sell more tickets at the last
minute.)

 Warning:
We don‘t use unless for impossible conditions:

 If the government had not raised food prices, there would not have been so
many protests.
Incorrect: Unless the government had raised food prices …

We don‘t use unless and if together:

 We‘ll go to the coast tomorrow unless it rains.

Incorrect: We‘ll go to the coast tomorrow unless if it rains.

Should you (Should with inversion)

In formal situations, we can use should + subject (s) + verb (v) instead of if:
 Should you wish to cancel your order, please contact our customer service department on
02317 6658932. (or If you should wish to cancel your order …)
 Should your child become anxious or nervous about any activity, it is a good idea to
inform the team-leader. (or If your child should become …)

Had you (Had with inversion)

In formal situations, we can use had + subject + verb instead of if in third conditional sentences:
 Had I known you were waiting outside, I would have invited you to come in. (If I had
known you were waiting outside …)
 Had Margaret realised she would be travelling alone, she would never have agreed to go.

If + were to

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In formal situations, we can use if + were to when we talk about things that might happen but
which we think are unlikely:
 If the Prime Minister were to resign, there would have to be a general election within 30
days.

 In even more formal styles, we use were + subject-verb inversion + to-infinitive:

 Were we to give up the fight now, it would mean the end of democracy in our country. (If
we gave up the fight now …)
 Were the economy to slow down too quickly, there would be major problems. (If the
economy slowed down too quickly …)

As long as, so long as, providing,

Sometimes we need to impose specific conditions or set limits on a situation. In these cases,
conditional clauses can begin with phrases such as as long as, so long as, only if, on condition
that, providing (that), provided (that).
As long as is more common in speaking; so long as and on condition that are more formal and
more common in writing:
 You can play in the living room as long as you don‘t make a mess.
 So long as a tiger stands still, it is invisible in the jungle.
 The bank lent the company 100,000 pounds on condition that they repaid the money
within six months.
Providing (that) is more common in speaking; provided (that) is more formal and more common
in written language:
 You can get a senior citizen‘s reduction providing you‘ve got a railcard.
 They may do whatever they like provided that it is within the law.

Or and otherwise

We often use or and otherwise with conditional meanings:

 You‘ve got to start studying, or you‘ll fail all those exams. (If you don‘t start studying,
you will fail the exams.)
 We‘d better send it express, otherwise it‘ll take days. (If we do not send it express, it will
take days.)

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Supposing

Supposing may be used with a conditional meaning. It can be used in first, second or third
conditional sentences. The speaker invites the listener to imagine a situation:
 Supposing I don‘t arrive till after midnight, will the guest-house still be open? (Imagine if
I don‘t arrive till after midnight …)
 Supposing you lost your passport, you‘d have to go to the embassy, wouldn‘t you?
 Supposing he hadn‘t recognised us – he might never have spoken to us.

More Practice

1. If he _____ me tomorrow, I _____ some difficulty doing the work on my own.

A) weren‘t to help / would have
B) doesn‘t help / would have had
C) shouldn‘t help / would have had
D) wouldn‘t help / had
E) didn't help / will have
2. If the primary candidates _____ more on the issues, the results of the election _____ quite
different.
A) had focused / would have been
B) have focused / would be
C) focused / can be
D) were focused / would have been
E) will focus / could have been
3. A: "Are you going to the theatre tomorrow?" B: ―No, but I wish I _____.‖
A) had B) did C) am D) were E) will

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4. If I _____ so much vacation time, I _____ with you on the cruise to Miami next week.
A) hadn't had / wouldn't go
B) didn't have / wouldn't have gone
C) hadn't had / wouldn't have gone
D) weren't having / wouldn't be going
E) didn't have / wouldn't go
5. If there is ever another earthquake next year, this building _____ it because it was built
according to the new earthquake regulations.
A) had better withstand B) might have withstood C) is to withstand
D) would withstand E) could have withstood
6. If only I _____ then what I _____ now.
A) have known / am realizing B) knew / realized
C) had known / realize D) know / realize
E) had known / realized
7. She and her boyfriend _____ married now if only she _____ a scholarship to have an
academic degree in the USA.
A) will be / wouldn‘t have got B) are / hasn‘t got C) could be / wouldn‘t get
D) would be / hadn‘t got E) should be / hasn't got
8. If you _____ in a house, perhaps with a garage that has room for storing a telescope, then a
larger instrument _____ you well.
A) live / may serve B) lived / might serve
C) were living / should serve D) had lived / could have served
E) had been living / would serve
9. It was silly of me not to buy that dress. I wish I _____ it.
A) could buy B) should buy C) buy D) had bought E) shall buy

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10. You are making a lot of noise. I wish you ______ making it.
A) stopped B) may stop C) will stop D) could stop E) would stop
11. It‘s a pity Jack is away. If only he _____ here.
A) would be B) must be C) should be D) might be E) will have been
12. He plays the piano so well. I wish I ______ it well, too.
A) can play B) have played C) could play D) should play E) could have played
13. I never studied at all when I was at school. I wish I ______ harder.
A) hadn‘t studied B) would have studied C) had studied
D) would study E) could study
14. I‘m sorry I mentioned it to him. I wish I ______ so.
A) didn't do B) wouldn't have done C) couldn‘t have done
D) shouldn‘t have done E) hadn't done
15. It rains a lot here. I wish I ______ an umbrella.
A) have B) had C) could have D) should have E) would have
16. You are very lucky. I wish I _____ you.
A) would be B) would have been C) could be D) were E) have been
17. You still stand without doing anything. I wish you _______ as you are told.
A) should do B) must do C) could do D) should have done E) would do
18. If someone _____ to be dead but the date of death is unknown, the notation 'dec.' ('deceased')
______.
A) has known / has been used B) is known / is used C) was known / was used
D) is known / will have used E) is to be known / is used
19. Before you know where you are, you will realize that some of your best friends are living in
the past, or at least wishing that they _____.
A) had been B) were C) would be D) could be E) have been

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20. We have run out of sugar. I wish we ______ so much of it.
A) hadn‘t wasted B) didn‘t waste C) shouldn‘t have wasted
D) had wasted E) couldn't waste
21. If she ____ the national lottery, she _____ in a town on the South coast.
A) has won / would have lived B) wins / has lived C) wins / lived
D) won / would live E) wins / lives
22. If historical obesity trends _____ through 2020 without changes, the proportion of
individuals reporting poor health _____ by about 12 per cent, compared with 2000.
A) continued / would have increased B) continue / would increase
C) have continued / has increased D) could continue / had increased
E) were to continue / would increase
23. If Israelis and Palestinians ____ to a peace settlement, then the difficult task of building a
successful Palestinian state _____ achievable and affordable.
A) has agreed / has been B) agrees / will be
C) had agreed / was D) agreed / would be
E) have agreed / will have been
24. Few men may realize it, but if they _____ problems achieving or sustaining erections, it
_____ underlying heart trouble.
A) are having / may signal B) had / might signal C) were having / signalled
D) had had / might have signalled E) had / could have signalled
25. If a child _____ in a class, in the region, the parents would simply assume that the child
_____ brains, send him to work.
A) fails / could not have B) failed / did not have
C) had failed / might not have D) has failed / may not have
E) failed / should not have

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Answer:

1: A 2: A 3: D 4: E 5: C 6: C 7: D 8: A 9: D 10: E 11: A 12: C 13: C 14: E 15: B 16: D 17: E 18:

B 19: B 20: A 21: D 22: E 23: D 24: A 25: B

1. _____ you live on the Florida coast during hurricane season, you probably have some bottled
water and plywood window boards around - just ______.
A) Provided / so B) Supposing / like C) Unlike / as
D) If / in case E) So long as / because
2. If the ban ___ it _____ the loss of $20.7 million that commercial and recreational trade brings
into the area economy each year.
A) held / would have meant B) would hold / means
C) had hold / would have meant D) holds / had meant
E) holds / will mean
3. If you ______ to see your DVD movies as you saw them in the movie theatre, you _____ a
widescreen TV.
A) wanted / had to purchase B) have wanted / could purchase
C) want / need to purchase D) had wanted / should have purchased
E) want / must be purchasing
4. If you _____ long-term goals, such as travelling, you _____ to set money aside just as you
would for any other expenses.
A) are having / need B) have had / would need
C) have / will need D) had / would have needed
E) had had / have needed

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5. If Poland‘s presidential election ______ as expected— with victory for a dull, worthy
economic reformer— then the rest of Europen _____ up.
A) went / couldn‘t have looked B) will go / haven't looked
C) had gone / wouldn‘t have looked D) went / wouldn‘t be looked
E) had gone / shouldn‘t have looked
6. If the full potential impact of the current proposals _____, conventional commercial
agriculture as it is currently practised _____ achievable.
A) realised / wouldn‘t be B) had been realised / couldn‘t have been
C) were realised / wouldn‘t be D) were realised / hadn‘t been
E) had realised / might not be
7. If you _____ to reduce the number of tools in the armoury - not just for pests but for weeds
and diseases as well - then that _____ the business of food production much more risky.
A) have started / has made B) start / will make
C) are starting / makes D) started / would have made
E) could start / will make
8. If destabilizing Iran ______ the top priority, then the United States _____ to abandon the pro-
Iranian regime it has created in Iraq.
A) had been / would have needed B) were / could have needed
C) will be / might need D) is / will need
E) was to be / were
9. I wish mum ____ while she was doing the washing up.
A) didn‘t whistle B) wouldn't be whistling
C) couldn't have whistled D) hadn‘t whistled
E) hasn‘t whistled
10. If Mary‘s classmates ____ punctual for her party, she ____ so upset now.
A) had come / wouldn‘t be B) have come / hasn‘t be
C) had been / wouldn‘t have been D) should have been / isn‘t

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E) must be / won‘t be
11. We had better take the spare tyre in case we ____ it.
A) should need B) will need C) shall need D) have needed E) would need
12. They ought to have checked the train schedule beforehand. They ____ somewhere else now.
A) could be visiting B) have visited C) will have visited
D) have visited E) would have visited
13. I sincerely wish we ____ the problem in the exam but unfortunately we could not.
A) have solved B) could solve C) were solving
D) could have solved E) would have solved
14. As a child, my little sister always chatted with her teddy bear as if it ____ real.
A) had been B) were C) is D) has been E) would be
15. Punitive damages may not be imposed against the owner of a vessel for tortious acts of the
master and crew _____ the owner directed or participated in the wrong.
A) on condition that B) provided C) supposed D) unless E) if
16. You can go to the party on Saturday night _____ you're back home by midnight.
A) therefore B) as long C) provided D) in case E) unless
17. _____ a telescope is convenient to use, it will quickly become relegated to a dark corner.
A) Unless B) Only if C) On condition that D) If E) Providing
18. _____ him tomorrow, I ______ to him about the conference.
A) Had I seen / would have talked B) Did I see / could take
C) Were I to see / have talked D) Seeing / could talk
E) Should I see / will talk
19. In the United States alone, conservationists have estimated that over a hundred kinds of
animals, fish and birds will disappear _____ at the end of the century _____ action is taken to
protect them.
A) after / until B) until/if C) by the time/till D) by / as if E) before / unless

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20. Because many elderly are in poor health and have weakened immune systems, they are
vulnerable to getting the disease when exposed to the virus _____ they have already been
immunized.
A) if B) supposing C) in case D) as long as E) even if
21. _____ the increase continues at its current rate?
A) Suppose B) Even if C) Unless D) What if E) As long as
22. An executive said anchovy is so popular among consumers that they will continue to buy the
fish at markets, _____ the price rises substantially.
A) if B) even if C) supposing D) as if E) only if
23. ___ they are not libellous, obscene, or likely to lead to lawbreaking or disorder, laws protect
students‘ right to publish articles.
A) As if B) As long as C) Only if D) Unless E) Suppose that
24. Dual containment worked ____ the regimes in Iran and Iraq hated each other even more than
they hated the United States.
A) supposing B) so long as C) unless D) if only E) only if
25. Protein is generally good for everyone ____ they eat an extreme amount of it.
A) only if B) whether C) as though D) unless E) supposing

Answer:

1: D 2: E 3: C 4: C 5: C 6: C 7: B 8: D 9: D 10: A 11: A 12: A 13: D 14: B 15: D 16: C 17: A 18:

E 19: E 20: E 21: D 22: B 23: B 24: B 25: D

1. We ____ on a picnic every weekend when we were in Bursa.

A) were going B) went C) have gone D) have been going E) go
2. Although the police ____ him, he was able to prove that he ____ when the crime was
committed.
A) suspected / was working B) suspect / worked C) has suspected / had worked
D) have been suspecting / had been working E) were suspecting / is working

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3. Jessie ____ such strange clothes that we were all taken aback. It took us some time to get over
the shock.
A) was wearing B) has worn C) is wearing
D) had been wearing E) has been wearing
4. Generally speaking, I ____ film reviews because I like to be open-minded when I go to the
cinema.
A) am not reading B) don't read C) haven't read
D) haven't been reading E) didn't read
5. The old clock in the center of the city ____ in 1980 and ____ since.
A) stops / wasn't working B) has stopped / isn't working
C) was stopping / doesn't work D) has stopped / wasn't working
E) stopped / hasn't worked
6. Someone next door ____ heavy metal music all night long. I didn't get a wink of sleep.
A) was playing B) has played C) is playing D) had played E) has been playing
7. I think you ____ your energy by sweeping up those leaves, stop it! The | wind will blow more
down.
A) wasted B) waste C) are wasting D) were wasting E) have wasted
8. There is considerable concern about her whereabouts because she ____ for several days.
A) is missing B) missed C) has been missing
D) was missing E) misses
9. I am afraid I didn't hear the doorbell when you ____ I ____ in the garden at the time.
A) rang / was working B) had rung / worked
C) was ringing / have been working D) are ringing / work
E) have rung / worked
10. When did you first notice that your car ____?
A) was going B) has gone C) went
D) had gone E) has been going

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11. After Lisa graduated from university, she ____ for a job in a bank and ____ there ever since.
A) applied / is working B) has applied / worked C) applies / has worked
D) applied / has been working E) was applying / worked
12. When I first met Emily, she ____ in this city for 20 years.
A) was living B) lived C) had been living
D) has lived E) has been living
13. Before you mentioned about him, I ____ of that novelist.
A) hadn't ever heard B) wasn't hearing C) haven't ever heard
D) didn't ever hear E) don't ever hear
14. The concert was last week but they still ____ down the posters from the notice boards.
A) haven't taken B) wasn't taking C) didn't take
D) hadn't taken E) hadn't been taking
15. We were surprised to hear that our neighbour ____ a new house in the country.
A) has bought B) was buying C) had bought
D) has been buying E) buys
16. Tell me what you ____ of my new car.
A) are thinking B) had thought C) were thinking D) think E) thought
17. Even though he denied what he ____ earlier, he ____ to join us.
A) said / has accepted B) has said / accepted C) has said / had accepted
D) has been saying / has accepted E) had said / accepted
18. After I ____ along the beach, I ____ a bath and I ____ my breakfast.
A) run / had / had had B) ran / had had / had C) had run / have had / had
D) had run / had / had E) ran / had / have had

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19. A: Jim was very clever as a child. B: Was he really? A: Oh, yes. By the time he was five, he
____ to read and write.
A) learned B) had learned C) was learning
D) has learned E) have been learning
20. When Mrs Krashen ____ at the airport yesterday morning, she realised that she ____ her
passport at home.
A) had arrived / has forgotten B) arrived / had forgotten C) arrives / forgot
D) was arriving / forgot E) has arrived / has forgotten
21. The police say that the man ____ home in the dark when he ____ down a hill.
A) had walked / fell B) was walking / fell C) walked / fell
D) has walked / had fallen E) has been walking / had fallen
22. When I returned home from holiday, I found that my parents ____ a lot of changes in the
house.
A) was making B) have made C) have been making D) had made E) made
23. The teacher ____ me in the exam just as I ____ my last sentence.
A) has interrupted / wrote B) interrupted / was writing
C) was interrupting / have been writing D) had interrupted / have written
E) is interrupting / had written \
24. Newspapers yesterday said that Michael Keller ____ a three-year contract
A) had signed B) would have signed C) was singing
D) has signed E) is signing
25. There ____ a decrease in the number of applications since the report on environmental
pollution ____ in the newspaper.
A) was/appeared B) had been / has appeared C) has been / appeared
D) is / appeared E) is / was appearing

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26. People ____ interested in the subject day by day because they ____ to increase their
knowledge.
A) became / want B) were becoming / want
C) have become / had wanted D) are becoming / want E) became / are wanting
27. I ____ for a walk but the rain put me off the idea.
A) must be going B) will go C) am going to go D) was going to go E) went
28. Don't forget that we ____ to our new house by the time you get back from holiday.
A) move B) will move C) will have moved D) had moved E) are going to move
29. A: What are you doing? B: Getting ready. I ____ my aunt in the hospital.
A: Oh yes. Give her my love.
A) visit B) will visit C) have been visiting
D) am going to visit E) was going to visit
Answer:

1: B 2: A 3: A 4: B 5: E 6: A 7: C 8: C 9: A 10: D 11: D 12: C 13: A 14: A 15: C 16: D 17: E 18:

D 19: B 20: B 21: B 22: D 23: B 24: A 25: C 26: D 27: D 28: C 29: D

1. A: I must call the police. B: Why? A: Because somebody ____ my cheque book. B: I am sorry
to hear that. I hope it will soon be recovered.
A) stole B) is stealing C) has stolen D) steals E) was stealing
2. I ____ a pain in my stomach but it ____ better.
A) am still having / gets B) have still had / has got
C) was still having / got D) still have / is getting E) still had / has got
3. I guess that my parents ____ the good news yet
A) didn't hear B) don't hear C) isn't hearing
D) haven't heard E) won't hear

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4. At present, he ____ in an ice-cream factory. This is the third factory in which he ____ this
year.
A) is working / has worked B) works / worked C) has been working / works
D) works / has been working E) worked / has been working
5. Oh dear, I ____ my books in the class. Could you go and fetch them for me?
A) left B) am leaving C) have left D) was leaving E) leave
6. He ____. Everything he ____ us so far is true.
A) doesn't lie / told B) hasn't lied / tells C) isn't lying / has told
D) wasn't lying / is telling E) didn't lie / was telling
7. I ____ in the garden. That's why I'm so dirty.
A) had worked B) had been working C) have been working
D) could work E) was working
8. I ____ him all day but the line is still engaged.
A) was ringing B) rang C) ring D) have been ringing E) am ringing
9. It is nice to see that after three days of strikes, the buses____ today.
A) worked B) has worked C) was working D) work E) are working
10. Zeynep is really a good friend and she ____ to send me a letter each month.
A) never failed B) never fails C) is never failing
D) had never failed E) was never failing
11. ____ to his office last weekend but there ____ only workers in the building.
A) go / are B) went / have been C) have gone / were
D) has gone/are E) went / were
12. One afternoon last August, the director ____ staff in some stores and ____ them to fair.
A) selected / sent B) has selected / has sent C) selects / sends
D) is selecting / sends E) was selecting / was sending

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13. Once upon a time, a small person named Little Red Riding Hood ____ plans for the
preparation of foodstuffs for her grandmother.
A) is initiated B) has initiated C) had been initiating
D) initiated E) is going to initiate
14. In an effort to make the classics accessible to contemporary readers, I ____ them into the
modern American language now.
A) translate B) am translating C) have been translated
D) had been translating E) translated
15. While my mother ____ in the kitchen, I ____ after my small brother.
A) had cooked / looked B) was cooking / had been looking
C) was cooking / looked D) had been cooking / was looking
E) is cooking / will look
16. Yesterday, I ____ to my son's ceremony when a plane ____ to that part of the city.
A) went / fell B) was going / was falling C) went / was falling
D) was going / fell E) have gone / falls
17. He didn't know what the boy ____ about with the man outside before he ____ in.
A) was talking / was coming B) talked / came C) was talking / had come
D) talked / was coming E) was talking / comes
18. In the middle ages the means of transportation ____ few when compared with today.
A) were B) was C) have been D) were being E) are being
19. He ____ to the locksmith who ____ the combination of the safe.
A) hurried / checks B) was hurrying / checked
C) was hurrying / was checking D) hurries / checked
E) hurried / was checking
20. You can't see him now. He ____ to Norfolk he ____ on Tuesdays.
A) goes / arrives B) went / returned C) has gone / arrives

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D) went / has arrived E) went / arrives
21. People of the area ____ many attempts to improve living conditions but it can't be said they
____ successful so far.
A) made / were B) are making / have been C) make / are
D) made / are E) have made / have been
22. She ____ for her husband since he left for Ohio last month.
A) longs B) is longing C) was longing D) has been longing E) longed
23. We ____ here to watch the sunset. This is what we ____ at the weekends.
A) have gathered / do B) are gathering / do C) gathered / did
D) gather / have done E) gathered / have done
24. She ____ everyone by coming one day earlier. We ____ happy to see her.
A) has surprised / will be B) has surprised / are C) surprises / were
D) has surprised / were E) is surprising / are
25. How many books ____ you ____ so far?
A) did / read B) will / read C) had / read D) are / going to read E) have / read
26. I ____ since I learnt that it causes lung cancer.
A) will not smoke B) had smoked C) haven't been smoking
D) weren't smoking E) used to smoke
27. I ____ even one cigarette since I gave up it five months ago.
A) have smoked B) hadn't been smoking C) hadn't smoked
D) haven't been smoking E) wouldn't have smoked
28. She ____ in that company since she graduated from university
A) will have worked B) has been working C) would have worked
D) was working E) will work

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29. Where have you been? I ____ for you fifteen minutes.
A) had waited B) had been waiting C) would be waiting
D) was going to wait E) have been waiting
30. Scientists ____ the time the cure of the disease since the P.M. ordered them to do so.
A) have searched B) were searching C) had been searching
D) had searched E) have been searching

Answer:

1: C 2: D 3: D 4: A 5: C 6: C 7: C 8: D 9: E 10: B 11: E 12: A 13: D 14: B 15: C 16: D 17: B 18:

A 19: E 20: C 21: E 22: D 23: A 24: B 25: E 26: C 27: D 28: B 29: E 30: E

Vocabulary

Words English Meaning Bangla Meaning

modicum limited quantity ঳াভানয ঩রযভাণ, মৎরকরিৎ

mollify to soothe ঱ান্ত কযা, প্র঱রভত কাযা

solid and uniform; একর঱রা

constituting a single, unified
monolithic whole

morose ill-humored; sullen রনরফবাধ, রফলাদগ্রস্ত

many colored; made up of রফরিত্র, ফহুফণব

motley
many parts

multifarious diverse ফহুরফধ, ফহুযকভ

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 worldly as opposed to জাগরতক, ঩ারথবফ
mundane spiritual; concerned with
the ordinary

necromancy black magic জাদু রফদযা, কাররামাদু

negate to cancel out; nullify অস্বীকায, অকামবকয কযা

নতুন ঱ব্দ, নূ তন অরথব ঩ুযাতন

neologism new word or expression
঱ব্দপ্রর াগ

neophyte novice; beginner নফদীরিত ফযরি

a means of connection; a ফন্ধন, যমাগ঳ূ ত্র

nexus
center

nonplussed bewildered রকিংকতবফযরফভূ ঢ়, আরফষ্ট

sentimental longing for a স্মৃরতরফদনা, স্বরদর঱ যপযায

nostalgia
past time আকুরতা

medicine or remedy of ঴াতুর়ে ঔলধ

nostrum
doubtful effectiveness

nugatory trifling; invalid অরকরজা, তুচ্ছ, ফারতর

obdurate stubborn একগুঁর

obsequious overly submissive িাটুকায, যখা঱াভুরদ

obsequy funeral ceremony অরন্তযরষ্টরি া অনু ষ্ঠান

to make unnecessary; to ঩রয঴ায কযা, অ঩঳ারযত কযা

obviate
anticipate and prevent

occlude to shut; block আফদ্ধ কযা, ফন্ধ করয যদও া

occult relating to practices অরতপ্রাকৃত, অরতররৌরকক

connected with

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 supernatural phenomena

a long, adventurous voyage; এরকয ঩য এক দীঘব দু ুঃ঳া঴র঳ক

odyssey
a quest অরবমান

officious too helpful; meddlesome উ঩মািক, ঳া঴াময কযরত আগ্র঴ী

concerning the sense of ঘ্রাণ-঳িংিান্ত

olfactory
smell

form of government in কুরীনতন্ত্র

oligarchy which power belongs to
only a few leaders

opprobrium public disgrace; contempt করঙ্ক, অ঩ভান, রনন্দা

ornithologist scientist who studies birds ঩রিরফজ্ঞানী

oscillate to move back and forth দু ররত থাকা ফা যদারারনা

ostentatious showy; pretentious আ়েম্বয঩ূ ণব, বান঩ূ ণব

overweening presumptuous; arrogant দারিক, উদ্ধত

song of joy or triumph; a রফজ গাথা, জ ঳ঙ্গীত ফা ফন্দনা-

paean
fervent expression of joy গান

study of past geological eras জীফাশ্ম রফজ্ঞান

paleontology
through fossil remains

pallid lacking color or liveliness রনরস্তজ, ভররন, পযাকার঱

elaborate praise; formal প্র঱িং঳াভূ রক, স্তুরত, প্র঱িং঳াফাদ

panegyric
hymn of praise

model of perfection or ঳ম্পূ ণবতায আদ঱ব, উৎকরলবয আদ঱ব

paragon
excellence

one-sided; committed to a ঩ি঩াতভূ রক, ঩িাফরম্বী,

partisan
party, group or cause

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 তযপদায

departing from normal আরফগপ্রফণ, আরফগ঩ূ ণব

pathological
condition

প্রারদর঱ক বালা, গ্রাভয বালা,

patois jargon; a regional dialect
আিররক বালা

paucity scarcity অবাফ, স্বল্পতা, অপ্রািূ বম

pedantic showing off learning ঩রিত঳ু রব, ঩ারিতযারবভানী

transparent; easily রনভবর, স্বচ্ছ, স্পষ্ট

pellucid
understood

penchant inclination অনু যাগ, য াুঁক, আ঳রি

penury extreme poverty দীনতা, রনদারুণ দ্ররযদ্র, অবাফ

wandering from place to ভ্রভণ, ঳পয, ঩মবটন

peregrination
place

imperative; leaving no ঳ু রনরিত, অফ঱য ঩ারনী

peremptory
choice

present throughout the ফহুফলবজীফী, রিযজীফী

perennial
years; persistent

faithless; disloyal; রফশ্বা঳঴ীন, অরফশ্বস্ত

perfidious untrustworthy

perfunctory superficial; performed বা঳া-বা঳া, অগবীয, দ্রুত঳ম্পারদত

really as a duty

point in an orbit that is ঩ৃরথফীয ঳ফরির কারেয

perigee
closest to the earth কি঩রথয রনরদবষ্ট রফন্দু

permeable penetrable প্ররফ঱রমাগয, যবদয

perturb to disturb greatly; make রফযি কযা, রফভ্রান্ত কযা, রিন্তারিত

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 uneasy or anxious কযা

spread throughout every ফযা঩ক, ফযারি঱ীর

pervasive
part

petulant rude; peevish রখরখখরট, যিাধ঩ূ ণব, রফযি

unemotional; calm in ঱ান্ত, ঳঴রজ উরেরজত ঴ না

phlegmatic
temperament এভন

anything that is restored এভনরকেু মা ধ্বিং঳ ঴ও ায ঩রযও

phoenix after suffering great
রপরয আর঳
destruction

physiognomy facial features যি঴াযা, ফার঴যক গঠন

piety devoutness ধারভবকতা, ধভবানু যাগ, বরি

pleasantly pungent; ভরনাযভ তীব্রতা঩ূ ণব

piquant
attractive

fleeting feeling or hurt রফরেল, ঱ত্রুতা

pique
pride

placate soothe; pacify ঱ান্ত কযা

placid calm ঱ান্ত, প্র঱ান্ত, রিয

plaintive melancholy; mournful দু :খজনক, দু :খ঩ূ ণব

pliability; condition of নভনী তা

plasticity being able to be shaped or
formed

platitude stale; overused expression ধু া, নীয঳ ভাভুরী উরি ফা ফিফয

platonic spiritual; theoretical আধযারিক, তারিক

plethora excess; overabundance আরধকয, প্রািূ মব

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 to examine deeply; ঳ম্পূ ণবরূর঩, ভূ রর য঩ৌঁোন
plumb
determine the depth

plummet to fall; plunge ঩়ো, রনভজ্জন

ধনতন্ত্র, ধরনকরগাষ্ঠী কতৃবক

plutocracy society ruled by the wealthy
যদ঱঱া঳ন

full of holes; permeable to রেদ্রমু ি, যন্ধ্রী , যন্ধ্রমু ি

porous
liquids

যম ফযরি বরঙ্গ করয ফা বরঙ্গ

person who affects an
poseur attitude to impress others করযরত দি

pragmatic practical ফযফ঴ারযক, প্রার ারগক

রনযথবক কথা, অনথবক কথা ফরা,

prate to talk idly; chatter
জল্পনা কযা

ফকফক কযা, রনযথবক কথা ফরা,

prattle meaningless, foolish talk
ফৃ থা ফাকয

preamble preliminary statement প্রস্তাফনা, বূ রভকা, ভুখফন্ধ

precarious uncertain অরনরিত, রনযা঩ো঴ীন

precept principle; law নীরত, ধভবানু ঱া঳ন

rash; hasty; sudden; done প্রিি ত্বযারিতবারফ, রফরফিনা

precipitate
without deliberation ো়োই কযা

to cause to happen; throw যকারনারকেু ঘটারনা, রনরিয রদরক

precipitate
down from a height ভাথা কযাই া েু র়ে া যপরা

precursor forerunner; predecessor অগ্রদূ ত, ঩ূ ফবগাভী ফযরি

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 to supersede; appropriate িানান্তয কযা, উ঩মু ি
preempt
for oneself

prehensile capable of grasping আুঁক়োই া ধরযরত ঳িভ

঩ূ ফবজ্ঞান, ঩ূ ফবা঱ঙ্কা, ঩ূ রফব

premonition forewarning; presentiment
঳তকবীকযণ

to foretell; indicate in ঩ূ ফবরিণ, ঩ূ ফবাবা঳, ঳রঙ্কত

presage
advance

presumptuous rude; improperly bold অরবভানী

supernatural; beyond the অরতপ্রাকৃত, অ঩ারথবফ

preternatural
normal use of nature

঳রতযয অ঩রা঩ কযা, যকৌ঱র

prevaricate to quibble; evade the truth
঳তযরক এ়োই া মাও া

original; existing from the আরদভ, যভৌররক

primordial
beginning

pristine untouched; uncorrupted প্রথভমু গী , ঩ূ ফবকারীন

probity honesty; high-mindness ঳ততা, নযা ঩যতা, য঳ৌজনয

problematic posing a problem; doubtful ঳ভ঳যামু ি, অরনরিত, ঳রন্দ঴মু ি

wasteful; extravagant; অ঩ফয ী, অরভতফয ী, উ়েনিরি

prodigal
lavish

profound deep, not superficial গবীয, প্রগাঢ়, অন্তরনবর঴ত

so high as to prevent the রনরলদ্ধ, ফাধাদা ক, প্ররতরলধক

prohibitive purchase or use of,
forbidding

proliferate to increase rapidly প্র঳ারযত কযা, ফিং঱ফৃ রদ্ধ কযা

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propensity inclination, tendency প্রফণতা, যন঱া, য াুঁক

অনু র঱ািনা কযা, ঱ান্ত কযা,

propitiate to win over, appease
অনু কূর কযা

propriety correct conduct, fitness মথামথতা, ঳ঙ্গরত, উ঩মু িতা

proscribe to condemn, forbid, outlaw রনরলধ কযা, রনফবার঳ত কযা

Answer Sheet:

P1

1. runs 2. discussed 3. will sail 4. enjoys 5. likes 6. will lend

7. will convince 8. runs 9. asked 10. plays

P2

1. Future 2. Past 3. Present 4. Past 5. Present

6. Present 7. Future 8. Past 9. Present 10. Future

P3

1. Past Perfect 2. Present Perfect 3. Future Perfect 4. Present Perfect 5. Future Perfect

6. Present Perfect 7. Future Perfect 8. Past Perfect 9. Past Perfect 10. Present Perfect

P4

1. have moved 2. had seen 3. will have performed 4. had talked 5. have grown

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6. will have graduated 7. have exercised 8. had talked 9. will have cleaned 10. have
searched

P5

1. is hoping 2. is ruining 3. will be leaving

4. will be repairing 5. is explaining 6. are discussing

P6

1. had been studying 2. will have been working 3. has been telling 4. has been
carrying

5. had been expecting 6. will have been swimming 7. has been having 8. had been
watching

P7

1. Future Progressive 2. Present 3. Past Progressive 4. Past Perfect 5. Past Perfect

Progressive 6. Past 7. Future Perfect 8. Present Perfect 9. Future 10. Future Perfect
Progressive

P8

1) Last year for my birthday, my parents took me to New York City. 2) We visited the
Empire State Building and took a boat to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island.
3)I liked best the boat ride through the harbor to the Statue and Ellis Island. 4)It made me
think of the boat ride my great-grandfather took to come to Ellis Island as an immigrant.
5)My father says he still remembers his grandfather telling him the story of the ocean
voyage. 6)When great‐grandfather arrived in New York, he saw the statue. 7)I am sure that
I will always remember that story too.

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P9

1. Will have 2. Looked 3. Had fed 4. Would 5. Would

understan arrive
d
6. Would 7. Swim 8. Press 9. Had 10. Would
have had asked call

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