UNIT – I THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT (11 Hrs.

lectures)
• 1.1 Concept of Olympic movement, the Ancient Olympic Games and the Modern
Olympic Games and its movement
• 1.2 Aims and symbols of the Olympic movement.
• 1.3 The International Olympic Committee (IOC).
UNIT – II STRUCTURE OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
(11 hrs. lectures)
• 2.1 The National Olympic Committee (NOC).
• 2.2 The International Sports Federations (IFs) and
• 2.3 The National Sports Federations (NFs).
UNIT – III THE OLYMPIC GAMES (11 hrs. lectures)
• 3.1 Organization of the Olympic Games.
• 3.2 Outline of the international bid process for selecting the host city for the
games.
• 3.3 Women and sports
UNIT – IV IOC PROGRAMMES (12 hrs. lectures)
• 4.1 Olympic Solidarity Program.
• 4.2. Paralympics games
• 4.3. Volunteerism in Olympic Games
• 4.4 Fight Against Doping
PRACTICAL (30 hours)
• 1. Write a report on the Origin of the Olympic Movement
• 2. Review of the Olympic Education Program
• 3. Report on any One Olympic Sport in India
• 4. Report on Any One Olympian Medalist
• 5. Report on Any Olympian Medalist of India
Olympic Education
• Olympic education is a broad dissemination of knowledge about the Olympic Games
and the Olympic movement. Olympic education is becoming increasingly important in
the education and training of the younger generation
• "Olympic education" endeavours to provide a universal education or development of
the whole human individual, in contrast to the increasingly specialized education
encountered in many specialized disciplines. Consequently, it can only be based on the
fundamental values of the human personality.
• Pierre de Coubertin, Initiator of the Olympic Games said “Olympics, with great interest,
can be a school of justice and moral principles, as well as a school of physical and
spiritual energy”.
• The Olympic movement is an important part of human culture and studies of its history
without doubt, should be part of every civilized person`s knowledge.
• The inclusion of Olympic education in the teaching process can help children develop an
interest in achieving physical perfection.
Olympic Education
• According to him the ancient Olympic Games, for the full development of the
person, will promote the spirit of freedom, peaceful competition and physical
maturity. He saw the sport as one of the clear opportunities for bringing up the
youth in an international spirit.
• In analyzing the composition and content of Olympic education, pierre de
Couberten based on features of modern Olympicism, the goals and objectives of
Olympic education, and building peace, friendship, mutual understanding and
brotherhood.
• Olympic education includes: • socialization of the person and his connection to
the Olympic idea; • humanization of education and its connection with Olympic
movement; • educational objectives of Olympic education. Socialization of the
person as well as the important role of the individual in the Olympic education, is
related to sports and Olympic ideals.
Concept
• "Olympic education" is a term which first appeared in
sports education and Olympic research only in the 1970s
(Müller, 1975a).
• Does "Olympic education" mean the revival of the
educational ideals of ancient Greece, or is its purpose
merely to bring credibility to the marketing of Olympic
symbols?
• The question must be answered in terms of principles,
and the answer ranges deep into the history and
concept of the modern Olympic Movement.
• Its founder, the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin
(1863‐1937), saw himself first and foremost as an
educator, and his primary aim was educational reform
(Müller, 1986a:1‐34).
Concept
• His aim, initially restricted to France and the French schools,
was to make modern sport an integral part of the school
routine, and so introduce into that routine a sports education
which would embrace both body and mind.
• He had learned from modern sport in England, and especially
from his knowledge of public school education at rugby, that
the moral strength of the young can be critically developed
through the individual experience of sporting activity and
extended from there to life as a whole.
• Coubertin did not use the term "Olympic education", but
referred initially to "sporting education", and indeed that was
the title of the book he published in 1922, Pédagogie
sportive.
• Since as early as 1900, and not exclusively within schools, he
had been encouraging the idea of making sport accessible to
adolescents and even to older people as a newly discovered
part of a complete education (Coubertin, 1901).
2. Peace education as a
starting point
• As a young man, in 1892, Coubertin had
had the idea of renewing the ancient
Olympic Games, which duly took place in
Athens in 1896. Whereas his educational
aspirations had additionally been
confined to France, the success of these
first Olympic Games marked, for
Coubertin, the internationalization of his
educational visions, where his main
priority at first was the idea of peace
among nations
Coubertin's Olympism between education and
ideology
• From Olympism to Olympic education

• Olympism is the entire collection of values which, over and above physical
strength, are developed when we participate in sport (Malter, 1996).

• Olympism is a philosophy that seeks to blend sport with culture, education, and
international cooperation. It emphasizes the joy of effort, the educational value
of good examples, social responsibility, and respect for universal ethical
principles.
OLYMPISM OLYMPIC EDUCATION
• Olympism is a philosophy that seeks to blend sport
with culture, education, and international • "Olympic education" endeavours
cooperation. It emphasizes the joy of effort, the to provide a universal education
educational value of good examples, social
responsibility, and respect for universal ethical
principles.
or development of the whole
human individual, in contrast to
• The principles of Olympism include the idea that the the increasingly specialized
ability to participate in sports is a basic human right. education encountered in many
Olympism emphasizes that individuals should have
equal access to sports without discrimination and
that these activities should be done in a spirit of
specialized disciplines.
fairness and camaraderie. Consequently, it can only be
based on the fundamental
• Non-discrimination is a fundamental aspect of values of the human personality.
Olympism. It holds that individuals should be able to
participate in sports without facing discrimination
based on factors such as race, gender, sexual
orientation, religion, and socioeconomic status
Olympic Movement
Introduction
• The Olympic Movement is the concerted, organised, universal and permanent
action, carried out under the supreme authority of the IOC, of all individuals
and entities who are inspired by the values of Olympism.
• It covers the five continents. It reaches its peak with the bringing together of the
world’s athletes at the great sports festival, the Olympic Games. Its symbol is five
interlaced rings.
Introduction…..Cont.
• The goal of the Olympic Movement is to
contribute to building a peaceful and
better world by educating youth through
sport practised in accordance with
Olympism and its values.

• Belonging to the Olympic Movement

requires compliance with the Olympic
Charter and recognition by the IOC.

• The three main constituents of the

Olympic Movement are the International
Olympic Committee (“IOC”),
the International Sports
Federations (“IFs”) and the National
Olympic Committees (“NOCs”).
Introduction……cont
• In addition to its three main constituents, the Olympic Movement also encompasses
the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games (“OCOGs”), the national
associations, clubs and persons belonging to the IFs and NOCs, particularly the athletes,
whose interests constitute a fundamental element of the Olympic Movement’s action,
as well as the judges, referees, coaches and the other sports officials and technicians. It
also includes other organisations and institutions as recognised by the IOC.

• There are 206 NOCs. The IOC is the sole authority to recognise a NOC. Together with the
International Sport Federations, the NOCs are a constituent of the Olympic Movement
under the leadership of the IOC. The mission of the NOCs is to develop, promote and
protect the Olympic Movement in their respective countries, in accordance with the
Olympic Charter.

• OLYMPIC MOVEMENTS “The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building

a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practiced without
discrimination or any kind, in a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair.
Composition and general organization of the Olympic Movement
• Under the supreme authority and leadership of the International Olympic
Committee, the Olympic Movement encompasses organisations, athletes and
other persons who agree to be guided by the Olympic Charter.

• The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building a peaceful and

better world by educating youth through sport practised in accordance with
Olympism and its values.

• The three main constituents of the Olympic Movement are the International
Olympic Committee (“IOC”), the International Sports Federations (“IFs”) and the
National Olympic Committees (“NOCs”).
Composition and general organization of the Olympic Movement
• In addition to its three main constituents, the Olympic Movement also
encompasses the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games (“OCOGs”), the
national associations, clubs and persons belonging to the IFs and NOCs,
particularly the athletes, whose interests constitute a fundamental element of
the Olympic Movement’s action, as well as the judges, referees, coaches and the
other sports officials and technicians.

• It also includes other organisations and institutions as recognised by the IOC. 4

Any person or organisation belonging in any capacity whatsoever to the Olympic
Movement is bound by the provisions of the Olympic Charter and shall abide by
the decisions of the IOC.
Mission and role of the IOC……*
• The mission of the IOC is to promote Olympism • to protect clean athletes and the
throughout the world and to lead the Olympic integrity of sport, by leading the fight
Movement. The IOC’s role is: against doping, and by taking action
• to encourage and support the promotion of against all forms of manipulation of
ethics and good governance in sport as well as competitions and related corruption;
education of youth through sport and to • to encourage and support measures
dedicate its efforts to ensuring that, in sport, the relating to the medical care and health
spirit of fair play prevails and violence is banned;
of athletes;
• to encourage and support the organisation,
development and coordination of sport and • to oppose any political or commercial
sports competitions; abuse of sport and athletes;
• to ensure the regular celebration of the Olympic • to encourage and support the efforts of
Games; sports organisations and public
• to cooperate with the competent public or authorities to provide for the social and
private organisations and authorities in the professional future of athletes;
endeavour to place sport at the service of • to encourage and support the
humanity and thereby to promote peace; development of sport for all;
Mission and role of the IOC…….Cont.*
• to take action to strengthen the unity of the • to encourage and support a responsible
Olympic Movement, to protect its concern for environmental issues, to
independence, to maintain and promote its promote sustainable development in
political neutrality and to preserve the sport and to require that the Olympic
autonomy of sport; Games are held accordingly;
• to act against any form of discrimination • to promote a positive legacy from the
affecting the Olympic Movement; Olympic Games to the host cities,
• to encourage and support elected regions and countries;
representatives of athletes within the • to encourage and support initiatives
Olympic Movement, with the IOC Athletes’ blending sport with culture and
Commission acting as their supreme education;
representative on all Olympic Games and • to encourage and support the activities
related matters; of the International Olympic Academy
• to encourage and support the promotion of (“IOA”) and other institutions which
women in sport at all levels and in all dedicate themselves to Olympic
structures with a view to implementing the education; 18 to promote safe sport
principle of equality of men and women; and the protection of athletes from all
forms of harassment and abuse
Recognition by the IOC
• The IOC may grant formal recognition to the constituents of the Olympic Movement.
• The IOC may recognise as NOCs national sports organisations, the activities of which are
linked to its mission and role. The IOC may also recognise associations of NOCs formed
at continental or world level. All NOCs and associations of NOCs shall have, where
possible, the status of legal persons. They must comply with the Olympic Charter. Their
statutes are subject to the approval of the IOC.

• The IOC may recognise IFs and associations of IFs.

• The recognition of associations of IFs or NOCs does not in any way affect the right of
each IF and of each NOC to deal directly with the IOC, and vice-versa.

• The IOC may recognise non-governmental organisations connected with sport,

operating on an international level, the statutes and activities of which are in
conformity with the Olympic Charter.
The Olympic symbol*

• The Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced

rings of equal dimensions (the Olympic rings),
used alone, in one or in five different colours.
When used in its five-colour version, these
colours shall be, from left to right, blue, yellow,
black, green and red. The rings are interlaced
from left to right; the blue, black and red rings
are situated at the top, the yellow and green
rings at the bottom in accordance with the
following graphic reproduction. The Olympic
symbol expresses the activity of the Olympic
Movement and represents the union of the five
continents and the meeting of athletes from
throughout the world at the Olympic Games.
The Olympic flag*
• The Olympic flag has a white background,
with no border. The Olympic symbol in its five
colours is located in its centre.
The Olympic motto*

• The Olympic motto “Faster, Higher, Stronger –

Together” expresses the aspirations of the
Olympic Movement. It is the adaptation of
the original motto in Latin that now translates
as “Citius, Altius, Fortius – Communiter”.
Olympic emblems*
• An Olympic emblem is an integrated design
associating the Olympic rings with another
distinctive element.
The Olympic anthem*
• The Olympic anthem is the musical work
entitled “Olympic anthem”, composed by
Spiro Samara.
The Olympic flame, Olympic torches*

• The Olympic flame is the flame which is

kindled in Olympia under the authority of the
IOC.
• An Olympic torch is a portable torch, or a
replica thereof, as approved by the IOC and
intended for combustion of the Olympic
flame.
• The Olympic flame and the Olympic torch
relay was first introduced to the Summer
Olympics at the 1936 Summer Olympics in
Berlin by Carl Diem. The first ever torch-
lighting ceremony was held in Olympia,
Greece on July 20th, 1936.
Olympic Games*

• Summer Olympic -
• Winter Olympic- The Olympic Games are
competitions between athletes in individual or team
events and not between countries. They bring
together the athletes selected by their respective
NOCs, whose entries have been accepted by the IOC.
They compete under the technical direction of the IFs
concerned.
• The Olympic Games consist of the Games of the
Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games. Only those
sports which are practised on snow or ice are
considered as winter sports.
• Paralympics- The Stoke Mandeville Games later
became the Paralympic Games which first took place
in Rome, Italy, in 1960 featuring 400 athletes from 23
countries. Since then they have taken place every
four years.
Celebration of the Olympic Games*

• The Games of the Olympiad are celebrated during the first

year of an Olympiad, and the Olympic Winter Games
during its third year.
• The honour and responsibility of hosting the Olympic
Games are entrusted by the IOC, in principle, to a city,
which is elected as the host of the Olympic Games. Where
deemed appropriate, the IOC may elect several cities, or
other entities, such as regions, states or countries, as host
of the Olympic Games.
• The dates of the Olympic Games are determined by the
IOC Executive Board.
• Any surplus by a host, an OCOG or the NOC of the country
of a host as a result of the celebration of the Olympic
Games shall be applied to the development of the
Olympic Movement and of sport and the legacy of the
Olympic Games as determined by the IOC Executive Board
in consultation with the host, the OCOG and the NOC of
the country of the host.
Olympic Village*

• With the objective of bringing together all competitors, team officials and other
team personnel in one place, the OCOG shall provide an Olympic Village for a
period determined by the IOC Executive Board.

• Pierre de Coubertin, co-founder of the International Olympic Committee

(IOC), conceptualised the inaugural Olympic Village for the 1924 Summer
Games in Paris. This was the first time purpose-built dwellings were
designed to accommodate athletes, offering them a place to stay and
providing bedding and meals
An estimated 10,500 athletes participated in the 2024
Paris Olympics. The 2024 Games was the first to have an
equal number of male and female participants, according
to the IOC. How many countries participated in the 2024
Summer Olympics? 206 countries were represented in the
2024 Paris
International Olympic Committee
• The IOC is an international non-governmental not-for-profit organization, of
unlimited duration, in the form of an association with the status of a legal person,
recognized by the Swiss Federal Council in accordance with an agreement
entered into on 1 November 2000.
• 2 Its seat is in Lausanne (Switzerland), the Olympic capital.
• 3 The object of the IOC is to fulfil the mission, role and responsibilities as
assigned to it by the Olympic Charter.
• 4 In order to fulfil its mission and carry out its role, the IOC may establish, acquire
or otherwise control other legal entities such as foundations or corporations.
Members-Composition of the IOC – Eligibility, recruitment, election,
admittance and status of IOC members:

IOC members are natural persons. The total number of IOC members may not
exceed 115,The IOC is composed of:
A majority of members, the total number of which may not exceed 70,
whose memberships are not linked to any specific function or office, including up
to seven members without any nationality or NOC requirement, who may be
elected in special cases; except for the seven members referred to above, shall be
applicable and there may be no more than one such member national of any given
country.
Members-Composition of the IOC – Cont.

• The IOC admits its new members at a ceremony during which they agree to fulfil their
obligations by taking the following oath:
• Honoured to be chosen as a member of the International Olympic Committee, I fully
accept all the responsibilities that this office brings:
• I promise to serve the Olympic Movement to the best of my ability.
• I will respect the Olympic Charter and accept the decisions of the IOC.
• I will always act independently of commercial and political interests as well as of any
racial or religious consideration.
• I will fully comply with the IOC Code of Ethics.
• I promise to fight against all forms of discrimination and dedicate myself in all
circumstances to promote the interests of the International Olympic Committee and
Olympic Movement.
Members-Composition of the IOC – Cont.
• Members of the IOC represent and promote the interests of the IOC and of the
Olympic Movement in their countries and in the organizations of the Olympic
Movement in which they serve.
• Members of the IOC will not accept from governments, organizations, or other
parties, any mandate or instructions liable to interfere with the freedom of their
action and vote.
• IOC members are not personally liable for the debts or obligations of the IOC.
• Subject to Rule 16.3, each member of the IOC is elected for a term of eight years
and may be re-elected for one or several further terms. The procedure for re-
election is established by the IOC Executive Board.
Obligations:
• Each IOC member has the following obligations:
• 2.1 to comply with the Olympic Charter, the Code of Ethics and other regulations of the IOC;
• 2.2 to participate in Sessions;
• 2.3 to participate in the work of the IOC commissions to which the member has been
appointed;
• 2.4 to contribute to the development and promotion of the Olympic Movement;
• 2.5 to monitor, in the member’s country and in the organisation of the Olympic Movement in
which the member serves, the implementation of the IOC’s programmes;
• to inform the President, upon his request, of the development and promotion of the Olympic
Movement and its needs in the member’s country and in the organisation of the Olympic
Movement in which the member serves;
• 2.7 to inform the President, without delay, of all events liable to hinder the application of the
Olympic Charter or to otherwise adversely affect the Olympic Movement in his country or in
the organisation of the Olympic Movement in which he serves;
• 2.8 to perform other tasks assigned to the member by the President.
Cessation of membership:

• The membership of IOC members ceases in the following circumstances:

• 3.1 Resignation:
• Any IOC member may cease his membership at any time by delivering his written
resignation to the President. Before recognising such resignation, the IOC Executive
Board may ask to hear the resigning member.
• 3.2 Non re-election:
• Any IOC member ceases to be a member without further formality if he is not re-
elected in accordance with Rule 16.1.7, BLR 16.2.5 and, as the case may be, BLR
16.2.6.2.
• 3.3 Age limit:
• 3.3.1 Any IOC member ceases to be a member at the end of the calendar year during
which he reaches the age of 70, subject to Rule 16.3.3.2 and BLR 16.2.6.1.
Members…..cont.

• Extension of age limit:

• 3.3.2.1 The Session may, on the proposal of the
IOC Executive Board, extend the age limit for any
IOC member who is not subject to the
transitional provisions set forth in BLR 16.2.6.1.
• 3.3.2.2 There may be no more than ten such IOC
members for whom the age limit is extended at
any time.
• 3.3.2.3 Any extension will be for up to a
maximum of four years.
• 3.3.2.4 The vote of the Session will be taken in a
secret ballot, by a majority of the votes cast.
Eligibility:
• Any natural person aged 18 or over is eligible for IOC membership,
provided that:
• 1.1 such person’s candidature is submitted in accordance with
paragraph 2.1 below;
• 1.2 such person fulfils the conditions laid down in paragraph 2.2
below;
• 1.3 such candidature has been examined and reported upon by the
Members Election Commission;
• 1.4 such person’s election is proposed to the Session by the IOC
Executive Board.
Languages
• 1 The official languages of the IOC are French and English.
• 2 At all Sessions, simultaneous interpretation must be provided into
French and English. Other languages may be provided at the Session.
• 3 In the case of divergence between the French and English texts of
the Olympic Charter and any other IOC document, the French text
shall prevail unless expressly provided otherwise in writing.
IOC resources
• 1 The IOC may accept gifts, bequests and donations and seek all other
resources enabling it to fulfil its tasks and strengthen its support to
athletes. It collects revenues from the exploitation of any of its rights,
including but not limited to television rights, sponsorships, licences
and Olympic properties as well as from the celebration of the Olympic
Games.
• 2 The IOC supports athletes on and off the field of play, principally
through its funding to NOCs, IFs, and OCOGs.
The President*
• 1 The Session elects, by secret ballot, a President from among its members
for a term of eight years renewable once for four years.
• 2 The President represents the IOC and presides over all its activities.
• 3 The President may take any action or decision on behalf of the IOC when
circumstances prevent it from being taken by the Session or the IOC
Executive Board. Such action or decision must be submitted promptly for
ratification by the competent organ.
• 4 If the President is unable to fulfil the duties of his office, the Vice-
President who is senior in such office replaces him until the President has
recovered his ability or, if he is in a condition of permanent disability, until
a new President is elected at the next Session. This new President is
elected for a term of eight years renewable once for four years.
3.1 Organization of the Olympic Games
Election of the host of the Olympic Games
• The election of any host of the Olympic
Games is the prerogative of the Session.
• The IOC Executive Board determines the
procedure to be followed until the election
by the Session takes place.
• The national government of the country of
any candidature must submit to the IOC a
legally binding instrument by which the said
government undertakes and guarantees that
the country and its public authorities will
comply with and respect the Olympic
Charter.
• The election of the host of the Olympic
Games takes place in a country having no
candidature for the organization of the
Olympic Games concerned.
Location, sites and venues of the Olympic Games
• In the determination of the location,
sites and venues of the Olympic Games,
• Priority must be given to the use of
existing or temporary venues and
infrastructures.
• The construction of new permanent
venues or infrastructure for the
purposes of the organization of the
Olympic Games shall only be considered
on the basis of sustainable legacy plans.
Organizing Committee
The host of the Olympic Games shall be “Olympic Host Contract referred to
responsible for the establishment of an in Rule 36.”
Organizing Committee (“OCOG”), • Immediately upon the election of
for the purpose of the organization of the the host, the IOC enters into an
Games and in accordance with the agreement with the elected host
provisions of the Olympic Host Contract and the NOC of the country
referred to in Rule 36. concerned.
• Upon its establishment, the OCOG
shall adhere to and become a party
to this agreement which shall be
commonly referred to as the
Olympic Host Contract.
Olympic Host Contract
• Other entities such as local, regional, state or national authorities or NOCs of
other countries may also become parties to the Olympic Host Contract, if
deemed appropriate by the IOC Executive Board. (SAI,MYAS etc.)
• The Olympic Host Contract shall determine the responsibilities of the NOC, the
OCOG and the host concerning the organization, financing and staging of the
Olympic Games as well as the contribution of the IOC to the success of the
Olympic Games.
• The IOC shall have no financial responsibility in respect of the organization,
financing and staging of the Olympic Games other than the contribution
determined in the Olympic Host Contract, unless otherwise agreed in writing.
Olympic Games Coordination Commission*
• In order to improve the organization
of the Olympic Games and
cooperation amongst the IOC, the
OCOG, the IFs and the NOCs, the
President shall establish an Olympic
Games Coordination Commission
(“Coordination Commission”).
• The Coordination Commission shall
include representatives of the IOC,
the IFs, the NOCs and the athletes.
• The Chair of the Coordination
Commission manages and
implements the working relationship
between such parties.
Olympic Village
• With the objective of bringing together
all competitors, team officials and other
team personnel in one place, the OCOG
shall provide an Olympic Village for a
period determined by the IOC Executive
Board.
• The OCOG shall bear all expenses for
board and lodging of competitors, team
officials and other team personnel in
the Olympic Village and other
accommodations as required above, as
well as their local transport expenses.
Cultural Programme
• The OCOG shall organize a programme of
cultural events which must cover at least
the entire period during which the Olympic
Village is open.
• Such programme shall be submitted to the
IOC Executive Board for its prior approval.
Participation in the Olympic Games*
• To participate in the Olympic Games, • All competitors, team officials or
a competitor, team official or other other team personnel in the Olympic
team personnel must respect and Games shall enjoy freedom of
comply with the Olympic Charter, expression in keeping with the
• The World Anti-Doping Code and the Olympic values and the Fundamental
Olympic Movement Code on the Principles of Olympism, and in
Prevention of the Manipulation of accordance with the Guidelines
Competitions, including the
conditions of participation established determined by the IOC Executive
by the IOC, as well as with the rules of Board.
the relevant IF as approved by the
IOC, and the competitor, team official
or other team personnel must be
entered by his NOC.
 Nationality of competitors*
• Any competitor in the Olympic Games must be a national of the country of the
NOC which is entering such competitor.
• All matters relating to the determination of the country which a competitor may
represent in the Olympic Games shall be resolved by the IOC Executive Board.
Age limit
• There may be no age limit for competitors in
the Olympic Games other than as prescribed
in the competition rules of an IF as approved
by the IOC Executive Board.

• Dimitros Loundras, who was a Greek gymnast,

participated in the Athens Olympic 1896, for
the first time at the age of just 10 years
• Oldest 72 years, 281 days –Mr. Oscar Swahn
from Sweden-Shooting
• Australian Equestrian star Mary Janna -69
years old -7th Olympic
• Luxembourg 61 years old T.T. Player- Ni Xia Lin
in Parix 2024
World Anti-Doping Code and the Olympic Movement Code
on the Prevention of Manipulation of Competitions
• Compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code and the Olympic Movement Code on the
Prevention of Manipulation of Competitions is mandatory for the whole Olympic
Movement.
• The use of doping substances or methods to enhance performance is fundamentally
wrong and is detrimental to the spirit of sport. Competing clean is a key principle in
preserving the integrity and fairness of sport for the benefit of everyone. However, it
also helps to protect your image and, above all, your health. As a clean athlete, you
can take pride in your performances.

• The World Anti-Doping Code is the core document that sets out all anti-doping policies, rules and
regulations within sports organisations around the world. The Code is supplemented by eight
International Standards, including the Prohibited List that is updated at least annually.
• Since 2006, the IOC Code of Ethics has prohibited all accredited persons at the Olympic Games from
betting on Olympic events. Furthermore, all participants have an obligation to report any approach
or suspicion of manipulation. Specific rules are drafted for each edition of the Olympic Games.
Invitations and entries*
• The invitations to take part in the • An NOC shall only enter competitors upon
the recommendations for entries given by
Olympic Games shall be sent out by national federations.
the IOC to all NOCs one year before • If the NOC approves thereof, it shall transmit
the opening ceremony. such entries to the OCOG. The OCOG must
acknowledge their receipt. NOCs must
• Only NOCs recognized by the IOC may investigate the validity of the entries
proposed by the national federations and
submit entries for competitors in the ensure that no one has been excluded for
Olympic Games. racial, religious or political reasons or by
reason of other forms of discrimination.
• Any entry is subject to acceptance by • The NOCs shall send to the Olympic Games
the IOC, which may at its discretion, at only those competitors adequately prepared
for high level international competition.
any time, refuse any entry, without Through its IF, a national federation may ask
indication of grounds. Nobody is that the IOC Executive Board review a
decision by an NOC in a matter of entries.
entitled as of right to participate in the The IOC Executive Board’s decision shall be
Olympic Games. final.
PROGRAMME OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES
• The programme of the Olympic Games (“the programme”) is the programme of all sports
competitions established by the IOC for each edition of the Olympic Games in accordance with
the present Rule and its Bye-law.
The programme consists of two components, namely:
• 2.1 The sports programme, which includes all sports for a specific edition of the Olympic
Games, as determined by the Session from among the sports governed by the IFs recognised
by the IOC (“the sports programme”).
• 2.2 The events programme, which includes all events, as determined by the IOC Executive
Board for a specific edition of the Olympic Games (“the events programme”). An event is a
specific competition in a sport resulting in a ranking giving rise to the award of medals and
diplomas. The events programme must include events from each sport included in the sports
programme.
• 3 The programme is established following a review by the IOC of the programme of the
previous corresponding edition of the Olympic Games.
• Only sports which comply with the Olympic Charter, the World Anti-Doping Code and the
Olympic Movement Code on the Prevention of the Manipulation of Competition are eligible to
be in the programme.
Role of the IFs in relation to the Olympic Games*
• 1 Each IF is responsible for the control and direction of its sport at the Olympic
Games. All elements of the competitions, including the schedule, field of play,
training sites and all equipment must comply with its rules. For all such
arrangements, the OCOG must consult the relevant IFs.
• 2 The OCOGs shall work closely with the IFs in the planning and delivery of each
sport and agree upon specific responsibilities with the relevant IFs, under the
direction of the IOC Executive Board.
• 3 The OCOG must ensure that the various sports included in the programme of
the Olympic Games are treated and integrated equitably.
• 4 The final decision of the competition schedule and daily timetable of events is
made by the IOC Executive Board.
• 5 The IOC Executive Board determines the number and the method for selection
of competitors for doping tests and all other anti-doping measures during the
period of the Olympic Games after consultation with each IF.
Youth camp
• With the authorization of the IOC Executive Board, the OCOG may, under its own
responsibility, organize an international youth camp on the occasion of the
Olympic Games.
Media coverage of the Olympic Games*
• 1 The IOC takes all necessary steps in order to ensure the fullest coverage by the
different media and the widest possible audience in the world for the Olympic
Games.
• 2 All decisions concerning the coverage of the Olympic Games by the media rest
within the competence of the IOC.

• NBC Universal, CNBC etc. broadcast network and other team in Paris 2024
• Sports 18 channels will provide comprehensive coverage of the Paris Olympic
2024 in india
• Live streaming – Jio Cinema
Publications relating to the Olympic Games*
• All publications relating to the Olympic
Games and required by the IOC shall
be produced and distributed, at the
expense of the OCOG, in such format
as may be requested by the IOC.

• Olympic Review-Official Magazine of

the Olympic Movement.
• Published twice a year in English,
French and Spanish.
Advertising, demonstrations, propaganda*
• 1 Except as may be authorised by the IOC
Executive Board on an exceptional basis, no
form of advertising or other publicity shall
be allowed in and above the stadia, venues
and other competition areas which are
considered as part of the Olympic sites.
Commercial installations and advertising
signs shall not be allowed in the stadia,
venues or other sports grounds.
• 2 No kind of demonstration or political,
religious or racial propaganda is permitted
in any Olympic sites, venues or other areas.
• Omega
Protocol
• 1 Throughout the period of the Olympic Games, the IOC Executive Board alone
has the authority to determine the protocol applicable at all sites and venues
placed under the responsibility of the OCOG.
• 2 At all Olympic functions and events during the Olympic Games, the members,
Honorary President, honorary members and honour members of the IOC in their
order of seniority, the President, Honorary President and Vice-Presidents leading,
take precedence followed by the members of the OCOG, the Presidents of the IFs
and the Presidents of the NOCs.
• 3 The OCOG, the IFs, the NOCs and all other persons accredited at the Olympic
Games, in any capacity whatsoever, shall comply with the IOC Protocol Guide and
other protocol-related requirements set forth in the Olympic Host Contract, and
all other instructions of the IOC Executive Board, in respect of all matters subject
to this Rule.
Olympic Identity and Accreditation Card – Rights
attached thereto
• The Olympic Identity and Accreditation
Card is a document which establishes
the identity of its holder and confers
upon the latter the right to take part in
the Olympic Games.
• Together with a passport or other
official travel documents of the holder,
the Olympic Identity and Accreditation
Card authorizes entry into the country
of the host.
• It allows the holder to stay and perform
his Olympic function for the duration of
the Olympic Games, including a period
not exceeding one month before and
one month after the Olympic Games.
Use of the Olympic flag
• An Olympic flag of larger dimensions than
any other flag must fly for the entire
duration of the Olympic Games from a
flagpole placed in a prominent position in
the main stadium and in all other venues
placed under the responsibility of the
OCOG. Such flags are hoisted during the
opening ceremony and lowered during the
closing ceremony of the Olympic Games.
• 2 Large numbers of Olympic flags shall be
flown in the Olympic Village, in all
competition and training venues, in all
cities where events of the Olympic Games
take place and in all sites, venues and
places placed under the responsibility of
the OCOG.
Use of the Olympic flame
• The OCOG is responsible for bringing the
Olympic flame to the opening ceremony
venue. All arrangements for any torch
relay and any use of the Olympic flame
shall be carried out in compliance with
the IOC Protocol Guide and other
protocol-related requirements set forth in
the Olympic Host Contract.
• After the closing ceremony of the
Olympic Games, any Olympic torch,
cauldron or other device intended for any
form of combustion of the Olympic flame
may only be used with the approval of
the IOC.
Opening and closing ceremonies
• 1 The opening and closing ceremonies shall be held in compliance with the IOC Protocol Guide
and other protocol-related requirements set forth in the Olympic Host Contract.
• 2 The contents and details of all scenarios, schedules and programmes of all ceremonies must
be submitted to the IOC for its prior approval.
• 3 The Olympic Games shall be proclaimed open by the Head of State of the country of the host
by pronouncing either of the following sentences as the case may be:
• – if at the opening of the Games of the Olympiad:
• I declare open the Games of … (name of the host) celebrating the … (number of the Olympiad)…
Olympiad of the modern era.
• – If at the opening of the Olympic Winter Games:
• I declare open the … (number of the Olympic Winter Games) Olympic Winter Games of … (name
of the host).
• During the entire period of the Olympic Games, including all ceremonies, no speeches of any
kind may be held by any representative of any government or other public authority, nor by
any other politician, in any venue placed under the responsibility of the OCOG. During the
opening and closing ceremonies, only the IOC President and the President of the OCOG are
entitled to deliver short addresses.
Victory, medal and diploma ceremonies and the
awarding of medals
• Any decision regarding the awarding,
withdrawal or reallocation of any victory
medal or diploma falls within the sole
authority of the IOC.
• Victory, medal and diploma ceremonies shall
be conducted in accordance with the IOC
Protocol Guide and other protocol-related
requirements set forth in the Olympic Host
Contract.
• To the extent reasonably possible, the
ceremonies for reallocation of medals shall
replicate the formal ceremonies for
allocation of medals. The format and design
of the medals and diplomas shall be
submitted to the IOC for its prior approval.
WOMEN AND SPORTS
 Women’s Participation In Sports- Physical,
Psychological, and Social Benefits
• Women are equally important in society, who takes part in social activities.
• Today, modern society started accepting the women’s participation in sports
competition.
• Today, Indian society has recognised many Indian sports women like Mary Kom,
Saina Nehwal, Sania Mirza, PV Sindhu, Jwala Datta etc
Introduction
• In the past, it was believed that the training and Conditioning programme for the
females stressed upon specific demands that were different from those used to
train the males, however there exists ample evidence today, which reports that
men and women respond to the training and conditioning programme in a similar
manner.
• The physiological reason behind such similarity reported is an identical circular
function in both sexes, that control the physiological and bio-chemical aspects of
exercise and training response. However, the differences that exists is in the
magnitude and not the mechanism of changes as a result of exercise and training.
• But this does not mean that the men and women should perform identical
exercise training and conditioning programme.
• The training programme should therefore be scientifically and systematically
implemented, keeping the training principles in mind (Individual differences).
Physical, Psychological, and Social benefits of women’s
participation in sports
• Physical Benefits:
• Improved Fitness
• Weight Management
• Stronger Bones
• Better Cardiovascular Health
Social Benefits:
• Teamwork and
Communication
• Empowerment
• Social Support
• Leadership Opportunity
• Group cohesion
• Cooperation and unity
Causes of Less Participation of Indian Women in
Sports:
• Gender inequality & social attitude
• No parental encouragement
• Traditional society
• Less motivation and inspiration
• Male dominant culture
• Less availability of women coaches
• No independent games facilities for women
• Economic Factors
• Social Customs and Rights
• Low Health Consciousness
• Less Media Coverage
• Less spectators interest
• Lack of Incentives & Career
Physiological factors-Women and Sports
• Few important aspects need discussions which would consider the basic difference and their
effects on performance :-
• Body Size and Body Composition
• Muscular Strength
• Gynecological consideration and Physical trainability
Body Size and Body Composition
• There exists no significant difference in most of the measures of body
composition in men and women until puberty.
• At puberty there exists a significant difference in the body composition of men
and women.
• This is probably due to the changes in the endocrine functions.
• Before puberty there is no secretion of “Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and
Luetinising hormone (LH), which stimulates the ovaries and testes.
• However during puberty, these hormones are secreted which stimulates the
development of ovaries and thus the secretion of estrogen starts.
• In the men, these hormones stimulate the development of tests and thus the
testosterone is secreted.
Female-Estrogen
• Estrogen causes an increased fat deposition in the
females especially in the hips and thigh. This
increased fat deposition occurs due to an increased
activity of lipoprotein lipase in these areas.
• The lipoprotein lipase activity is very high and lipolyte
activity is low in the hip and thighs of women, when
compared to men. This result in an increased storage
of fat in the thigh and hips of women.
• On the contrary, research reports the female long
distance runners to be especially lean. This leanness
is significantly below the relative fat value for the
average young women and even for and average
young men.
• The relative body fat percentage for women-20% to
25%
• The relative body fat percentage for Men-13% to 16%
from age group 15 to 24 years
Cont.
• Few elite female runners have below
10% body fat.
• The probable reasons for such
leanness could be the genetic
predisposition towards leanness or
from strenuous training distance run
by these athletes.
• Estrogen also cause an increased rate
of bone growth and that’s why the
bone’s final length is attained earlier
in females than in males. The growth
phase is longer in the males, this
allows them to attain a greater
height.
 Physical and Physiological difference affecting Male and Female
Athletes Performance
• The are some proven Physical and
Physiological difference between men
and women-which may limit female
performance in comparison.
• Over the past 50 year, the overall
performance of female athlete has
improved significantly relative to male
performance
• The question however could be raised
whether, it is important for women's
performance to equal mens, or
whether it is interesting and even
desirable for women performance to
be characteristically different ?
Women Men

• Have looser joints, delicate • Have broader shoulders, narrow

hips, longer legs, and relatively
tendons and ligament and more longer forearms. Mechanically,
elastic tissues. they are more efficient for running,
jumping, throwing and striking.
• This allow for better flexibility • Have 10-15% larger heart muscle,
and grace 25-35% higher VO2 Max
• Have lower centre of gravity. • 15% more Hb,
They have better balance • 6% more RBC
• Have twice as much body fat as • Higher stroke volume
males. This provides insulation • Larger lung capacity
and may allow for greater • And greater O2 oxygen carrying
capacity, all of which aid performance
endurance in endurance events.
Women Men

• When the lower body strength is • Strength

expressed relative to body • The females are considered weak
weight, females are 5% to 15% while expressing strength.
weaker than males • While denoting the absolute strength
• 30% increase in muscle which is the total amount of force
applied, the males are 50% stronger in
strength= 5% increase in muscle their upper body then female
size in 6 months of training
• 30% stronger in the lower body than
the females
• 30% increase in muscle strength=10%
increase in muscle size in 6 months of
training
GYNECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
• In 1986, the 1st Modern Olympic Games
was held in Athens, Greece. Female
athlete participation was banned.
• It was hypothesized/assume that
physical exertion may harm their child
bearing capacities.
• This myth, one amongst others, was the
root cause of women’s slow entrance
into the competitive sport.
• There is a great need to look into these
myths and the real facts. It should be
followed by an evaluation of female
athlete participation at levels.
GYNECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
• However, recently the pendulum has
swung from a total ignorance of the effect
of athletic participation on reproduction
excepting the idea that women should
avoid exertion, to the belief that strenuous
exercise and training may induce
gynecological disorders/disfunction (e.g.
amenorrhea, osteoporosis)
• However, several data confirms that the
reproductive changes induced by
strenuous training are always reversible
Special consideration (Menarche and menstrual
dysfunction)
• Women undergo many physiological and psychological changes in their life which
have to be accepted in a positive way.
• Menarche:
• Menarche is the beginning of menstrual cycle in female, which is considered the
central event of female puberty.
• After the onset of menarche female experiences many Physiological and
anatomical changes like increase body mass, secretion of estrogen, gain in height,
widening of pelvic region etc.
• It occurs between 12 to 14 years of age. It varies due to biological, genetically,
environmental and nutrition factors.
• Women with delayed menarche may get more success in some sports like
gymnastics. Those who have early menarche may have advantage in sports like
swimming and rowing.
Menstrual Disorder- 1. Amenorrhea
Secondary- Amenorrhea

• The females experiencing

several disorders during their • Secondary amenorrhea is
normal menstrual cycle. These evident in some athletes with a
disorder can also be referred as history of normal menstrual
menstrual dysfunction cycle. In this case there is an
• Amenorrhea-Refers to the absence of menstruation for
absence of menarche in female months and years during the
of 18 years and above; who high intensity training and
never began menstruating. This competitions.
is referred as the primary
amenorrhea
 Menstrual Disorder- 2. Eumenorrhea Menstrual Disorder- 3. Dysmenorrhea

• Refers to regular menstrual cycle. • Refer to painful menstruation.

• Although several article imply amenorrhea is caused by sport or exercise

participation, based on cross sectional difference between sedentary and
exercising subjects, no prospective study has shown the development of
amenorrhea when exercise training is the single, potentially cause factor.
• There are several other factors which are likely to induce amenorrhea:-
• Intensive training and competition
• Excessive loss of body weight resulting in decrease of fat percentage,
• Chronic malnourishment
• Previous history of menstrual disorders
• Hormonal changes
 Excessive loss of body weight resulting
Intensive training and competition in decrease of fat percentage

• Amenorrhea is evident in the female • Eating disorders

athletes who involved in high intensity • Studies reveal that insufficient untake of total
training and competitive levels. As calories, protein, fat or specific vitamins and
mentioned before, the long distance minerals may cause secondary amenorrhea.
runners, swimmers, gymnasts etc.,
are prone to amenorrhea. • Another problem of importance is the eating
disorders, studies report 7 out of 9 amenhorreic
• The occurrence of amenorrhea is elite middle and long distance runners were
evident to be greater in the female diagnosed with either anorexia nervosa, bulmia
runners, and joggers with a history of nervosa or both.
delayed menarche, without any
occurrence of pregnancy or the one’s
who had not taken contraceptive
hormons.
• Amenorrhea associated with exercise
may be one manifestation of
overtraining in women.
Menstrual Dysfunction:
• It is a disorder or irregular condition of women’s menstrual cycle. It also can
define as abnormal bleeding during menstrual cycle. Normal cycle varies from 21
to 35 days. These irregularities are generally higher in athletes then non-athletic
women.
• During the period of menarche and menstrual dysfunction female can participate
in moderate physical activities without any complications.
• Heavy training should be done with special care of personal cleanliness and
hygiene factors. If complications arise then women can consult with gynecologist.
 Menstruation, Training and Competitions

• There exists the myth that exercise and sports are

harmful to the female reproductive system and cycle.
The real fact, however is that intense training may
result in the cessation of menstrual cycle or may
induce menstrual disorders. But this is only temporary
and the cycle will resume when training ceases.

• During the course of the normal menstrual cycle, the

female athlete may be allowed to train and compete
in any sport. However, if she experience any
discomfort and feels that her performance is likely to
be affected, she may be given due consideration by
her coach.

• In no way female athlete should be forced to compete

or train if she experiences any unpleasant symtoms.
But seeing the demand of todays competitive sports
the female athlete cannot afford to loose few days of
her training sessions.
• The expert/coaches should ensure safety of the
athlete in this aspect, which if not done may hinder
her performance.
 Menstruation, Training and Competitions

• There exists a vast individual variation in relation to

performance and mensuration.
• Endurance athletes like the tennis players and rowers
have reported poorer performance during
mensuration. The performance of the volleyballers,
basketballers, swimmers and gymnasts proved to be
better than the endurance athletes. However, it was
below the normal, sprinters performance were not
much affected by mensuration (Erdelyi 1962)
• De Souza, 1990 reported that metabolic and
cardiovascular response at rest, during submaximal
and maximal exercise were not systematically affected
during the different phase of menstrual cycle.
• Dysmenorrhea may be less common in the physical
active women that the inactive ones. This problem is
probably neither increased nor cured by sports
participation, if it is not too severe.
Female Athlete Triad:
• It is the syndrome of female which includes Osteoporosis, Amenorrhea and
Eating disorders which is known as Triad. These triad can be serious with lifelong
health consequences.
• The symptoms of triad are fatigue, low body weight then required, frequent
injuries, loss of fitness, low self esteem, cessation of menstruation, etc.
Osteoporosis
• It is weakening of bone due to loss of bone mineral density. Low level of estrogen
and poor nutrition especially lower calcium intake lead to Osteoporosis.
• Causes:
• Insufficient calcium and vitamin D in diet
• Hormone level decrease
• Menstrual dysfunction for more than six months
• Eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia.
Amenorrhea
• Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation cycle. It is often defined as missing
one or more menstrual periods.
• Amenorrhea also refers to the absence of menstruation in someone who has not
had a period by age 15.
• Causes:
• Main causes of primary amenorrhea relate to hormone levels, although
anatomical problems also can cause amenorrhea.
Eating Disorders
• ED are generally considered to be addictive disorders. They are difficult to treat. Some
researcher have estimated the prevalence to be as high as 50% for elite athletes in certain
sports.
• Appearance sports –gymnastics, figure skating
• Weight classification sport-judo, wrestling, weightlifting boxing
• Endurance –long distance runners
• The risk is greater for the female athletes in this regard. The probable reasons are cited below:
• Tremendous pressure is put on the athlete to reduce their weight to very low levels and quite
often below what is normal
• This tendency may be improved by the coach, trainer, parent or the athlete
• The nature of sport itself, which greatly dictates those at high risk eg appearance sport,
endurance sport and the weight classification sport
• The personality of the typical female athlete matches closely with the profile of the female at
high risk for an eating disorder (competitiveness, perfectionists, under the strict control of a
parent or coach)
Eating Disorder
• Many girls or women try to lose weight by unethical way in order to improve their
performance or look good, which leads to serious health problems.
• There are two types of eating disorders.
• Anorexia Nervosa
• It is an eating disorder which causes people to obsess about weight and what they eat.
Anorexia is characterized by a distorted body structure, with an unwanted fear of being
overweight. People trying to maintain a below normal weight through starvation or too
much exercise.
• Bulimia Nervosa
• In this disorder female athletes eat excessive amount of food and vomit intentionally in
order to not gaining weight.
• It is a serious eating disorder marked by bingeing. Bulimia is a potentially life-
threatening eating disorder.
• People take dangerous steps to avoid weight gain like vomiting (purging), excessive
exercising or fasting.
Paralympic
 Special Olympics is solely for athletes
with intellectual disabilities.
The Paralympics focus more on physical
disabilities.
The Olympics and Paralympics are
about elite competition and
specialization, and the athletes compete
in Olympic and Paralympic Games only
once every four years in their sport.
IPC (International Paralympic Committee )
• The IPC is created on 22nd sep 1989 in Germany.
• The IPC is the global governing body of the Paralympic movement
• It purpose is to organize the summer and winter Paralympic games and act as a
the International federation for nine sports, supervising and coordinating multi-
disability world Games, World championship and other competitions.
• It is a non-profit organization and aims to develop sports opportunities for all the
people with impairment from the beginner to elite level.
• Sport for athletes with impairment has existed for more than 100 years, and the
first sports clubs for the deaf were already in existence in 1888 in berlin. It was
not until after World War II, however that it was widely introduced.
• The purpose of it at that time was to assist the large numbers of war veterans
and civilians who had been injured during wartime.
IPC’S VISION
• The International Paralympic Committee ‘s vision is “To enable para athletes to
achieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite the world.
IPC’S Operational Structure
• The International Paralympic Committee is composed of a General Assembly,
Governing Board, Management Team and Various Committees and Councils.
• As members of the IPC, International Sport Federation(IFs), National Paralympic
Committee’s (NPCs), International organization of sport for disabled (IOSD), and
Regional organization have the right to submit motions, vote at meetings,
nominate candidates for appropriate IPC bodies and participate in IPC activities.
IPC General Assembly
• The International Paralympic Committee ‘s GA is the supreme governing body of IPC. It
meets once in every two years and is composed of:
• International Sports Federations (IPSD Sports and IPC Sports).
• The National Paralympic Committee (NPCs)
• IOSD s
• IPC Regional
• The assembly of IPC Members is the supreme authority of the IPC and responsible for
defining the vision and general direction of the IPC. It shall also:
• Elect the President, the Vice President, and 10 Members at Large.
• Consider and approve the IPC’s budget and the IPC membership policy
• The first Paralympic summer games were held in Rome, Italy in 1960 and featured 400
athletes from 23 countries
• The first Paralympic winter games were held at Ornskoldsvik, Sweden in 1976
IPC’S Governing Body
• The International Paralympic Committee ‘s
• Currently composed of 15 members, of which 12 are elected at the General
Assembly (President, Vice-President and 10 members at Large)
• It meets at least three times a year and responsible for:-
• Setting policies and for ensuring that the direction set by the membership at the
General Assembly are implemented
• Approving budget and audited accounts
• IPC rules and regulation, membership of IPC committees and the Paralympic
games.
• The governing body is elected every four years, and members can serve a
maximum of three terms
Paralympic Symbol
• The International Paralympic Committee ‘s symbol consists of the three “Tae-
Geuks’, blue, red and green, symbolizing the most significant components of
human being: MIND, BODY and SPIRIT,
• The Paralympic symbols are the icons, flags and symbols used by IPC to promote
the Paralympic Games
Paralympic Motto
• The Paralympic motto is “ Mind, Body and
Sprit, alluding to the most significant
components of the human being.
• The Paralympic motto is "Spirit in Motion",
which was introduced in 2004 at the Athens
Paralympic Games. The previous motto was
"Mind, Body, Spirit", which was introduced in
1994.
• The official values of the Paralympics are
courage, determination, inspiration, and
equality
Paralympic Flag
• The Paralympic Flag has a white
background, with no border. In its
centre is located the Paralympic
symbol in its three colours.
• The three Agitos (from latin meaning “I
Move”) encircling a central point
symbolize motion, embhasis the role of
the Paralympic movement in bringing
athletes together from all corners of
the world to compete.
Relationship with Olympics
• In 2001 the IPC and The IOC signed an agreement • It will also see the IOC and IPC work together to
which guaranteed that host cities would be increase the visibility of the Paralympic Games
contracted to manage both Olympics and and enhance the Paralympic brand.
Paralympics games. This agreement was to remain in • Additionally, the two organisations will deepen
effect until 2012 summer Olympics, but was existing cooperation, specifically on the
extended, encompassing all summer and winter implementation of Olympic Agenda 2020, the
games up to the 2020 summer Olympics strategic roadmap for the future of the Olympic
• nternational Olympic Committee (IOC) and Movement.
International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Presidents
Thomas Bach and Andrew Parsons today signed a • It is hoped agreement will give financial stability
historic long-term agreement establishing a to the IPC for at least the next 14 years, from
partnership of the two organisations until at least which in turn the whole Paralympic Movement
2032. will benefit.
• The new agreement, signed here on the opening day • "Enhancing the cooperation between the
of the Winter Paralympic Games, builds on the Olympic and Paralympic Movement was one of
current partnership and cooperation agreements that the key recommendations of Olympic Agenda
were signed prior to London 2012. 2020," Bach said.
• As a result of the new partnership the IOC will • "Therefore, the IOC is pleased to strengthen its
continue to make it obligatory for any host of the substantial support to the IPC and the entire
Olympic Games also to organise the Paralympic Paralympic Movement because we share so
Games. many of the same values and objectives."
Disability categories
• Physical Impairment • Visual Impairment
1. Impaired muscle power • Athletes with visual impairment
2. Impaired passive range of ranging from partial vision, sufficient
movement to be judge legally blind, to total
3. Loss of limb or limb deficiency blindness.
4. Leg strength difference
5. Short stature • Intellectual Disability
6. Hypertonia • Athletes with a significant impairment
7. Ataxia in intellectual functioning and
8. Athetosis associated limitation in adaptive
behavior.
Football 5 A Side/7 A Side Archery
Athletics Powerlifting since 1984
Athletics track events Tennis
Swimming Navdeep Singh Javelin Throw
Wheelchair basketball
Athletics track races 200 M
Goalball
Athletics –Discus Throw Athletics –Long Jump
Athletics-Javelin Athletics-High Jump
Athletics-Wheelchair race
Deepa Malik Shot Put Simran Sharma 100 M and 200 M
Rowing Sailing
Boccia since 1984 Shooting
Cycling
Paracanoe Equestrian
 Lawn Ball

Judo
Snooker Table-Tennis
Volleyball Wheelchair fencing
Wheelchair rugby Wrestling
Weightlifting Paratriathlon
India's performance at the 2024 Paris Paralympics was their most
successful to date, with a record-breaking 29 medals:
• India achieved their most successful • Sumit Antil: Won the men's javelin throw F64
performance in Paralympic history at the Paris event, breaking his own world record three
2024 Games, securing a total of 29 medals - times
seven gold, nine silver, and 13 bronze. This • Navdeep Singh: Won a gold medal
achievement surpasses the 19-medal haul
from Tokyo 2020, which included five golds • Praveen Kumar: Won a gold medal in the high
jump
• Gold: 7 • Dharambir Nain: Won a gold medal in the club
throw
• Silver: 9 • Harvinder Singh: Won a gold medal in archery
• Bronze: 13 • Avani Lekhara: Won a gold medal in shooting
• This performance surpassed India's previous • Nitesh Kumar: Won a top podium finish in
best of 19 medals at the 2020 Tokyo shuttles
Paralympics. India's medal haul also included
multiple podium finishes in the same • India has participated in every Summer
event. Some of the gold medal winners Paralympic Games since 1984, but has never
include: participated in the Winter Paralympic Games.
India at Paralympics
• India first participated in the 1968 • India's first medal in the Paralympics
Summer Paralympics. The nation came in the 1972 Games,
has appeared in every edition of with Murlikant Petkar winning a gold
the Summer Paralympics since 1984. medal in swimming. Up to the
• The Paris 2024 Games marked recent 2024 Games, India have won
India's 13th appearance at the 60 medals across all Paralympic
Paralympics. The country has never Games, with the most successful
participated in the Winter Paralympic campaign being the Paris
Paralympic Games. 2024 Games with 29 medals including
seven gold, nine silver and thirteen
bronze.
Stoke Mandeville Games (1960–1984)
• The ninth International Stoke • India missed the subsequent two
Mandville Games was later Summer Paralympic Games and
designated as the first returned in the 1984 edition.
Paralympics in 1960 and • The nation has appeared in every
the International Stoke Mandeville edition of the Summer Paralympic
Games Federation organized the Games since then while it has never
Paralympic Games till 1984. participated in the Winter Paralympic
• India made its Paralympics Games.
debut in 1968. • In the 1984 Games, Joginder Singh
• India's first medal came in the 1972 Bedi became the first Indian multi-
Games when Murlikant Petkar won medalist after he won a silver and two
the gold medal in the men's 50 bronze medals in the athletics events.
meter freestyle event. • Bhimrao Kesarkar also won a silver
medal in the javelin throw event to help
record India's best finish till then with
four medals
India at Paralympics
• The 1988 Seoul Paralympics was the • In 2004, India won two medals
first to use the Paralympics name with Devendra Jhajharia winning a
and the event has been held in the gold medal in the javelin throw event
same host city as the and Rajinder Singh Rahelu securing a
corresponding Summer Olympic bronze medal in powerlifting.
Games since then. • The only Indian medal across the
• The Paralympic Committee of next two editions came from Girisha
India (PCI) was formed in 1994, five Nagarajegowda, who won a silver
years after the International medal in the Men's high jump
Paralympic Committee (IPC) was F42 event at the 2012 Games.
established in 1989.
• India continued to participate in
each Paralympic Games thereafter,
but failed to win a medal until
the 2004 Games.
India at Paralympics
• India sent a delegation of 19 athletes • The Indian contingent for the 2020
for the 2016 Summer Paralympics. Games consisted of 54 people across
• India won four medals in the event and nine sports.
the Games also marked the first • This was the nation's most successful
instance of India winning two gold Games ever with 19 medals including
medals. Mariyappan Thangavelu won five gold, eight silver and six bronze
the first gold medal in the Men's high medals before the Paris 2024 Games.
jump T42 event.
• Devendra Jhajharia became the first
Indian to win multiple gold medals
after his win in the Men's javelin throw
F46 event.
• Deepa Malik and Varun Bhati were the
other medalists with a silver and
bronze medal respectively.Malik
became the first Indian woman
medalist in the Paralympic Games
Paris 2024
• India sent its largest contingent for
the 2024 Games consisting of 84 people
competing across 12 sports.India has won
29 medals with seven gold, nine silver, and
thirteen bronze medals making them the
most successful Games ever.
• Avani Lekhara won a gold medal
in shooting for the second consecutive
Games and became the first Indian
woman paralympic athlete to win back-to-
back gold and multiple medals.
• Kumar Nitesh won a gold medal
in badminton at the men's singles
SL3 event.
• Sumit Antil became the first Indian male
athelete to defend a title at the
Paralympics after he won the gold medal
in the men's javelin throw F64 event,
while setting two Paralympic records in
the process
Volunteerism in Olympic Games
Volunteerism in Olympic Games
• Volunteers are critical to the success
of the Games, and they help to
create positive impacts and
memories for all participants and
spectators.
• More than 45,000 volunteers
coming from 155 countries have
been working round the clock to
ensure the best experience for
visitors since the start of the
games.(Paris 2024)
• Over 300,000 people had applied to
help out during the Paris Games,
and only 15% of applicants had
been accepted.
• Paris 2024 held its Volunteer
Convention to kick off a unique behind-
the-scenes experience of the world's
biggest sporting event for the 45,000
volunteers who have been selected for
the Games. The event was held at Paris
La Défense Arena in Nanterre, a future
competition venue for the Paris 2024
Games.
• During the event, volunteers had the
opportunity to spend a festive day
exploring the Games as well as
discovering their uniform, designed
with DECATHLON, an Official Partner of
the Paris 2024 Games.
• Tony Estanguet, President of Paris 2024, accompanied by the
ambassadors of the volunteer programme, presented the ambition of
the Games to volunteers from all over France.
• At the end of the event, where volunteers were able to discover the
medals, torch, mascots and the programme of celebrations in France,
Paris 2024 and its partner DECATHLON, lifted the veil on an essential
symbol of the Games: the volunteers' uniform.
One team, one uniform!
• The design of the volunteers' uniform is the fruit of collaborative work
with the teams from our partner DECATHLON. It took over a year to
conceive and design each piece of this unisex uniform, which will be
suitable for all missions, all situations, all weather conditions, and all
body shapes.
• Comfortable and functional, each volunteer's uniform is made up of
15 items, including the jersey, which makes reference to an iconic
French fashion item: the marinière (sailor striped shirt.) The uniform
is an essential element for the volunteers, enabling them to be
identified by everyone involved in the Olympic and Paralympic
Games, from spectators to accredited officials.
DECATHLON-Partner
• "DECATHLON is very proud to design the clothing for the 45,000
volunteers at the Olympic and Paralympic Games Paris 2024, because
these are passionate women and men who, like us, provide access to
sport and enable everyone to experience this global event to the full.
We will be sharing our expertise and passion for sport with millions of
people around the world through eco-designed clothing that is
fashionable, functional and displays our new visual identity." Barbara
Martin Coppola, CEO of DECATHLON.
•K
Key Figures
• 45,000 Volunteers for the Olympic and Paralympic Games Paris 2024
• A team made up of 50% men and 50% women
• 1 in 3 volunteers comes from the grassroots sports movement
• 101 departments of origin
• 20% international applicants representing 150 countries
• 5%+ volunteers with a disability
• Almost 50% of Paralympic Games volunteers will also have
participated in the Olympic Games
1st Volunteer programme