“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH

PROGRAMMES AND GENDER

EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY
- Ms. Nagarathna M
™
Abstract
This study investigate the result of workplace health pro-
grams on Gender equality initiatives within organizations. It spot-
light the unified nature of these initiatives, highlighting the impor-
tance of improving physical and mental well-being for employees,
leading to decreased absenteeism, increased productivity, and job
satisfaction. Gender equality initiatives can create a more inclu-
sive and supportive work environment, offering mentor ship, net-
working opportunities, flexible work arrangements, and address-
ing unconscious bias. Key areas of focus include physical health,
mental health, pregnancy and parenting, sexual harassment pre-
vention, and work-life balance. By addressing these areas, orga-
nizations can create a healthy, supportive, and empowering work-
place for women. By integrating these two aspects, organizations
can contribute to a more gender-equal future.
Keyword: Workplace health Programs, Gender equality,
physical and mental well- being.
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to investigate the workplace
health programs and how these programs influence the Gender
equality initiatives within organizational settings.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 1

 Gender equality and workplace health programs are two in-
terconnected aspects that contribute to fostering a healthy and
equitable work environment.
Workplace health programs and Gender equality are two main
drive that organizations can implement to create a more equitable
and productive work environment.
Workplace health programs can help to improve the physi-
cal and mental well-being of employees, which can lead to re-
duced absenteeism, increased productiveness, and better job sat-
isfaction. These programs can include things like providing healthy
snacks and meals, offering on-site fitness facilities, and providing
stress-management resources.
Gender equality programmes can assist to make the work-
place more inclusive and supportive of women. These activities
may include providing mentorship and networking opportunities
for women, promoting flexible work schedules, and tackling un-
conscious prejudice.
To provide a full grasp of the problem, this study analyses
and draws insights from current studies. The goal of is to present
a cohesive summary of current knowledge.
Literature review
The global burden of mental illness is high, and many af-
fected individuals live in developing countries with limited treat-
ment options. Primary health care (PHC) programs can indirectly
promote mental health by addressing its determinants, such as social
unity, minimizing discrimination, and generating income opportuni-
ties. A study in rural Maharashtra, India, involved 32 women in-
volved in a PHC project. Mental health and illness are understood
as a product of cultural and socio-economic factors, with common
stressors being conflict, domestic violence, and poverty. Linking
empowerment through income generation and education to men-
tal health promotion is recognized (Marjolein Verburgh, 2020).

2 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 The global burden of mental illness is high, and opportunities
for promoting mental health are often neglected. In developing
countries, primary health care (PHC) programs can indirectly pro-
mote mental health by addressing its determinants, such as en-
hancing social unity, minimizing discrimination, and generating in-
come opportunities. A study in rural Maharashtra, India, aimed to
describe mental health concepts and beliefs among women in-
volved in a PHC project. Results showed that mental health and
illness are influenced by cultural and socio-economic factors, with
stress being conflict, domestic violence, and poverty. The study
suggests that
promoting mental health by addressing its determinants is a
potential strategy for reducing mental illness burden in these set-
tings (Smith, J. A., & Johnson, M 2011).
The global burden of mental illness is high, and many af-
fected individuals live in developing countries with limited treat-
ment options. Primary health care (PHC) programs can indirectly
promote mental health by addressing its determinants, such as social
unity, minimizing discrimination, and generating income opportuni-
ties. A study in rural Maharashtra, India, involved 32 women in-
volved in a PHC project. Mental health and illness are understood
as a product of cultural and socio- economic factors, with com-
mon stressors being conflict, domestic violence, and poverty. Linking
empowerment through income generation and education to men-
tal health promotion is recognized (Michelle Kermode, 2007).
There are many ways that organizations can implement work-
place health programs and Gender equality initiatives. Some ex-
amples include:
¾ Offering on-site health screenings and health education
classes.
¾ Providing access to healthy food options in the work-
place.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 3

 ¾ Offering fitness classes or subsidizing gym memberships.
¾ Creating a lactation room or providing breast milk stor-
age.
¾ Offering flexible work arrangements, such as
telecommuting or flextime.
¾ Providing paid family leave.
¾ Offering mentorship and networking opportunities for
women.
¾ Addressing unconscious bias in the workplace.
By implementing workplace health programs and Gender
equality initiatives, organizations can create a more equitable and
productive work environment for all employees.
Here are some of the benefits of implementing workplace
health programs and Gender equality initiatives:
¾ Improved employee health and well-being
¾ Increased productivity
¾ Reduced absenteeism
¾ Increased job satisfaction
¾ Reduced turnover
¾ Increased innovation
¾ Enhanced company reputation
Google offers a variety of health programs and resources to
its employees, including on-site gyms, health screenings, and health
education classes. The company also offers a generous parental
leave policy, which allows new parents to take up to 18 weeks of
paid leave.
Nike has a program called “Nike She Moves” that provides
women with access to fitness classes, healthy food options, and
mentorship opportunities. The company also offers a paid paren-
tal leave policy of up to 16 weeks.
4 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY
 Patagonia has a program called “Patagonia Provisions” that
provides healthy food options to employees at its corporate head-
quarters. The company also offers a paid parental leave policy of
up to 16 weeks.
Microsoft has a program called “Women@Microsoft” that
provides networking and mentorship opportunities for women
employees. The company also offers a program called
“AccelerateHER” that helps women advance their careers.
IBM has a program called “Women in Technology” that pro-
vides scholarships, mentoring, and networking opportunities for
women in technology. The company also offers a program called
“Women@IBM” that provides resources and support for women
employees.
GE has a program called “Women’s Network” that provides
networking and mentorship opportunities for women employees.
The company also offers a program called “Women’s Leadership
Council” that helps women advance their careers.
Suggestion
A gender equality workplace health programme should
prioritise the following essential areas:
Physical health involves access to nutritious food, enough
rest and breaks, and programmes to prevent and treat chronic
diseases.
Mental health: This involves giving employees access to
mental health resources like counselling and therapy, as well as
fostering a supportive work atmosphere that decreases stress and
burnout.
Pregnancy and parenting support: This includes paid pa-
rental leave, flexible work arrangements, and lactation assistance.
Sexual harassment: This involves having clear rules and
processes in place to prevent and resolve sexual harassment, as

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 5

well as giving sexual harassment prevention training to all work-
ers.
Work-life balance involves giving flexible work arrangements
such as telecommuting and flextime, as well as programmes to
assist employees.
Conclusion
Gender equality and workplace health programmes are inex-
tricably linked components that contribute to a successful and
equitable workplace. Women’s empowerment in the workplace
benefits not just individual women, but also the organization’s per-
formance and reputation. Investing in workplace health
programmes simultaneously increases the well-being and produc-
tivity of all employees. Organisations that value both gender equality
and workplace health exhibit their dedication to establishing a var-
ied, inclusive, and supportive environment in which employees may
flourish personally and professionally. Organisations may pave the
road for a better and more gender-equal future by incorporating
these two features.
Reference
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12784124_ Empowerment_
of_Women_for_ Health_Promotion_A_meta-analysis
* https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-
2458-7-225
* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6079289_ Empowerment_
of_women_and_m ental_health_ promotion_ A_ qualitative_
study_in_rural_Maharashtra_India
* https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6462

6 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 A Study on Role of Social Media in
Advancing Women’s Empowerment
- Ms. Nagarathna M
™
ABSTRACT
In the digital age, social media has developed as a effective
drive forming the way we communicate, interface, and expend
data. It has revolutionized the way we associated with one an-
other and has significantly affected different angles of our lives.
Among its many transformative effects, one of the most impor-
tant is its role in the empowerment of women. From amplifying
voices to cultivating communities, social media has ignited a revo-
lution that is transforming the landscape of gender equality. This
study takes an in-depth look at how social media has elevated the
empowerment of women to unprecedented heights
Key word: Digital age, Women Empowerment, Social
Medial, Gender equality.
INTRODUCTION
Social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram,
Pinterest and Linkedin facilitate the creation, sharing and exchange
of content and information between users. These platforms allow
individuals, groups, and organizations to connect, interact, and par-
ticipate in virtual communities in a variety of ways. Social media
includes a wide range of websites and applications that serve a
variety of purposes, from connecting with friends and family to
sharing news, photos, videos, and more. It has become an integral
part of modern communication, having a profound impact on how

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 7

people connect and interact with each other, and how information
is disseminated and consumed.
Women’s empowerment is a way of empowering women by
giving them proper rights. IT is about giving women power and
control over their lives. It allows them to be who they want to be
and do whatever they want in situations that were previously not
allowed. In order to equalize the value of men and women in this
country, it is necessary to accelerate the empowerment of women.
Women’s empowerment should be a national priority in all respects.
In recent days social media has become an effective tool to com-
municate, when women’s voices are restricted and serves as a
platform for sharing and empowering women’s voices.
The issue of women’s empowerment needs to be brought to
light. Families, societies and nations need empowerment to have a
bright future and to be able to make their own decisions for their
loved ones. When a person’s voice is silenced thanks to social
media, it can be amplified in every imaginable way.
The objectives of the Study
The main objective of the studies to know
¾ How social media is influencing women empowerment
¾ What are the various ways in which social media can be
used in the female empowerment
Literature Review
In Gupta’s (2018) study, she found that 85% of respondents
have a high degree of power over their health care decisions and
90% over their decision to employ servants in home. This indi-
cates a high percentage of empowered women. On the other hand,
Gupta (2018) found that 86% of respondents are nicely empow-
ered in terms of economic empowerment. This shows that in In-
dia women are very empowered. Their empowerment percent-
age shows a moderate level of empowerment and a high percent-

8 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

age of the influence of media and technology. This shows that
women are well aware of the factors that can lead them towards
empowerment.
Narayana (2016) found that Media has a great potential to
empower women, but the overall use of media by women is very
low. The study suggested that the strong and positive role of the
media in the empowerment and gender equality of women should
be supported and further explored. The study also found that how
the media can increase the participation and accessibility of women
to express themselves and make decisions.
In 2013, Asif said, “The development of society can be en-
hanced if women are empowered.” The role of media in empow-
ering women is important because it provides self-sufficiency and
there is a direct impact of media on all spheres of life. The new
media is that anyone can participate in the global information sharing
process by any means, at any time, in any form of any article, and
on any social platform.
Analysis of the study
Women’s empowerment is a many-sided concept that involves
intensify the social, economic, political, and psychological status
of women, enabling them to control their life and impart to society
on equal terms with men. In recent years, social media plat-
forms have emerged as
strong tools for encourage women’s empowerment by pro-
viding a space for connection, support, fabric, and self-expres-
sion.
This study explores the intersection of women’s empower-
ment and social media, highlighting the various ways in which so-
cial media platforms have contributed to advancing women’s rights
and gender equality.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 9

™Access to Information and Education
Social media has exponent access to information and educa-
tion, allowing women in colorful corridor of the world to learn
about their rights, health, education, and profitable openings.
Women can pierce online coffers, attend webinars, and engage in
conversations on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube,
empowering them to make informed opinions about their lives.
™Amplification of Voices
Social media has given away a voice to women who may not
have had a platform else. It has enabled women to partake their
stories, adventures, and perspectives, querying traditional gender
morals and chronicles. The use of hashtags like#MeToo
and#EverydaySexism has gave a platform for women to partici-
pate their adventures of importunity and distinction, leading to wide
mindfulness and societal difference.
™Networking and Support
Social media provides a space for women to connect with
alike- inclined individualistic and associations, fostering a sense of
community and support. Platforms similar as LinkedIn have eased
professional networking, while online forums and groups offer
emotional support and guidance on colorful issues, from parent-
hood to entrepreneurship.
™Advocacy and Activism
Social media has played a vital part in catalyzing women’s
advocacy and activism sweats. Online juggernauts and desires
have mustered people to demand policy changes, challenge gen-
der- grounded violence, and promote gender equivalency.
™Entrepreneurship and Economic Empowerment
Social media platforms have come vital for women entre-
preneurs to showcase their products and services, reach a wider
followership, and establish their businesses. Platforms like

10 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Instagram and facebook have handed women with openings to
come financially independent and challenge traditional gender
places within the business world.
™ Challenges and Concerns
While social media offers multifold openings for women’s
commission, it isn’t without challenges. Issues like online importu-
nity, cyberbullying, and the spread of dangerous conceptions can
disproportionately affect women. also, the digital gender peak and
lack of access to technology can hamper the commission eventu-
ality for marginalized women.
™Representation and Visual Culture
Social media has the possibility to to challenge prevailing
beauty ethos and promote different representations of women’s
bodies and individualities. Influencers and content generators are
using platforms to review beauty morals and encourage body Posi-
tive
™Privacy and Safety Concerns
Digital stand has raised enterprises about women’s integra-
tion and safety online. Women may face cyberbullying, and pit-
falls, impacting their capability to express themselves freely and
share in online conversations.
Conclusion
The study suggests that social media has played a significant
part in advancing women’s empowerment by providing a platform
for information sharing, advocacy, networking, and self- expres-
sion. While it has really opened up new openings for women, chal-
lenges similar as online importunity and digital inequalities must be
addressed to completely harness the eventuality of social media
for promoting gender equivalency and woman’s rights. unborn
exploration should continue to explore the evolving dynamics be-
tween woman’s commission and social media, considering the ever-
changing landscape of technology and society

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 11

 References
* Gangwani, S., Alruwaili, N., & Safar, S. A. (2021). SOCIAL MEDIA
USAGE AND FEMALE EMPOWERMENT IN SAUDI ARABIA. Acad-
emy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 1-8.
* Joshi, SC (2004) ‘Women empowerment: Myth and Reality’ (2004),
New Delhi, Akansha publishing House
* Lagrosen SO, Grundén K (2014). Social media marketing in the wellness
industry. TQM J. 26(3):253-260
* Joshi, SC (2004) ‘Women empowerment: Myth and Reality’ (2004),
New Delhi, Akansha publishing House
* https://graduatewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Article-writ-
ten-by-Seema-Singh-
* BRPID-project-findings.pdf
* https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJBM/article-full-text-pdf/
6BDCE8765294
* https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJBM/article-full-text-pdf/
6BDCE8765294

12 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 “RECENT TRENDS IN WOMEN
EMPOWERNMENT IN INDIA”
- Mrs. Deepashree. P
™
“...Empowerment of Women is essential as their value sys-
tems lead to the development of a good family, good society and
ultimately a good nation.” – Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
Abstract:-
According to the saying of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam’s world
does progress without the commission of women, the world em-
powerment is always associated with women because it’s always
presented as a weaker part of society. Behaviour on the commis-
sion of women living in the state, original (panchayat), and public
situations. Still, women encounter isolation in the utmost sectors
such as education, profitable openings, health and medical sup-
port, and political participation, which shows that there are signifi-
cant gaps between strategy progress and real exercise at the com-
munity position. It also explores recent developments in the ad-
vancement of women. Through skills, training and microfinance,
women can be financially stabilized so that they’re no longer de-
pendent on others in society. The Indian Constitution contains some
provisions that specifically focus on the commissioning of women
and prevent segregation from women in society. Composition 14
addresses equality before the law and also to make special provi-
sions for women in Article 15 allows the state. Since the progress
of humanity is insufficient without women, successive governments
have introduced a number of programmes to promote women in
male- dominated society.
“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 13
 Keywords:- Empowerment, laws, education, women’s rights,
Constitution of India.
Introduction
The term women commission is each about authority, or the
power embarked on women participating indistinguishable rights.
Women comprise around 50 of the country’s population, and a
bulk of them stays economically dependent on each other without
employment. In the age of feminism, a small portion of women in
India are freed and can employ their free will and are permitted to
sculpt out their lives the way they want. But there’s a consider-
able division of the women in this nation who bear auspicious sup-
port. In utmost Indian town lets and semi-urban metropolises,
women are still denied abecedarian education and are now autho-
rized to continue advanced education despite amassing the under-
standing needed. Women are known for delivering multiple places
painlessly per day, and therefore, they’re considered the back-
bone of every society. Living in manly- dominating societies,
women play a wide range of places, similar as minding matters,
loving daughters, and able associates. The stylish part is that they
fit the bill impeccably in every part. Nevertheless, they’ve also
stood as a neglected bunch of society in different corridor of the
world. In turn, it has redounded in women surviving the mass of
unevenness, fiscal responsibility, oppression, and distinct social
immoralities.
Women have been abiding under the impediment of servility
for centuries now that impedes them from attaining professional
as well as particular highs. Being an NGO for women commission
in India, Hind rise Foundation has designed our dynamic and meta-
morphosis- acquainted programs in such a manner that the groom-
ing of impoverished youthful girls will host the condition of the
nation. The procedure of being empowered underprivileged people
involves giving them entrance to vital possibilities, either

14 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

unswervingly by the relegated individualities themselves or with
the help of those who aren’t marginalized but partake in their ac-
cess. It also includes reluctant attempts to reject those chances.
Stimulant of and training in tone- adequacy is another aspect of
commission that aims to make members of the group less depen-
dent on unborn aid or weak. Starting and carrying out this proce-
dure successfully might be gruelling. Around the world, gender
difference and demarcation
against women have also long been problems. Accordingly,
women’s pursuit of equivalency with men is a global miracle.
People who are unfit to support themselves at least come reliant
on welfare or charitable organizations. Due to their incapability to
sustain themselves fully, they lose their tone of confidence. Due to
the chances that are denied to them, they’re also denied the sense
of pride in their achievements that others who have access to
similar openings can witness. This can also affect in issues with
cerebral, social, and indeed internal health. Women used to be
considered little more than domestic aides.( Panitapu)
Review of literature
1. A research article by (Meena & Sharma, 2020)on “Em-
powerment of women in India- Historical perspective” The posi-
tion of women in society are frequently cited as the best indicators
of a civilization’s development as well as weaknesses. In the case
of India, women have come a long way from being Rig Vedic
sapient and intellectuals to becoming active participants in the mili-
tary, the IT industry, politics, the business world, and other impor-
tant fields while juggling their responsibilities as mothers, wives,
and daughters. This Road to Modernization Has Not Been Straight-
forward. To become stronger and more independent, women in
traditional male-dominated Indian society have had to struggle.
Even with such developments Rape, workplace harassment and
dowry death are negative developments are also too common.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 15

The majority of women continue to be illiterate and unaware of
their rights. This paper emphasises the development, status, and
women empowerment in India from a historical perspective against
this backdrop.
2. A study by (Khanday, Shah, Mir, & Rasool, 2015) on “Em-
powerment of Women in India- Historical Perspective” explains
in society’s position and status of women are frequently cited as
the greatest indicators of a civilization’s advancement and flaws.
In India, women have gone a long way from being Rig Vedic sages
and academics to being in the military, the IT industry, politics, the
business world, and other key fields while juggling their responsi-
bilities as a daughter, wife, and mother. Transformationis not an
easy task for women. To become stronger and more autonomous,
women in traditional Indian civilization had to battle against the
male-dominated culture. While all of these are excellent advances,
rape, job harassment, and dowry killings remain all too com-
mon. The majority of women continue to be illiterate and unaware
of their rights. In light of this context, this study emphasises how
women’s position, growth, and empowerment have changed his-
torically in India.
3. A study on “A Study on the Status of Women’s Empow-
erment in urban Bangalore, India” by (Menon , M, & Sharma,
2020)The goal of the current study is to assess the level of em-
powerment experienced by urban Bangalore women in key areas
including economic opportunity, health and well-being, decision-
making, and autonomy in all spheres. The examination of a sample
population of women in Bangalore City, India’s urban regions was
part of the research technique. Using a standardised question-
naire that was given randomly to the female population of urban
Bangalore, many markers of women’s empowerment were ex-
amined. The primary focus was on metrics like women’s deci-
sion-making authority in domestic matters, financial independence,

16 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

freedom of movement, and access to education. According to data
research, there are significant differences in women’s freedom of
movement and home decision-making according to their age, level
of education, and occupation. Only a small percentage of women
had the final say in how their money was spent. With maturity and
knowledge came an improvement in financial control. The study
also shows that access to work and educational opportunities are
crucial for promoting women’s empowerment, but the degree to
which the objective is realised largely depends on public opinion
on gender equality.
4. The research article on “Women Empowerment in India:
A Critical Analysis” by ( Singh & Singh, 2020)Women have been
granted a secondary role in our historically patriarchal culture, and
this is reflected in the social, political, and economic sectors. The
empowerment of women has, however, always been a top priority
and has received the highest attention from all parties involved.
The essay critically examines India’s position in relation to other
nations and assesses its readiness to meet UN Sustainable Devel-
opment Goal No.The thesis in the study is developed using sec-
ondary sources, including a review of prior material that has been
published in journals, books, reports from different NGOs, Gov-
ernment agencies, and international organisations, as well as
websites. The many approaches and dimensions of women’s
empowerment in India are critically examined in this essay. The
study addresses
constitutional protections, government goals and programmes,
their execution, and measures of women’s empowerment. How-
ever, when compared to other nations, the nation does poorly.
Programmes must be re-evaluated and modified in order to meet
SDG-5 by 2030.
5. A study by (Shettar, 2015)“A Study on Issues and Chal-
lenges of Women Empowerment in India” This essay aims to ex-

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 17

amine the state of women’s empowerment in India and to high-
light its problems and difficulties. One of the most pressing issues
of the 21st century is now the empowerment of women. How-
ever, in actuality, women’s emancipation remains a fantasy. We
see in daily life how different societal ills target women as victims.
Women’s empowerment is a crucial tool for increasing women’s
access to resources and capacity to make wise life decisions.
Women’s empowerment is fundamentally the process of improv-
ing the position of historically underprivileged women in society on
the economic, social, and political fronts. It entails protecting kids
from all sorts of assault. The study only used secondary sources
for its data. Despite several government initiatives, the survey
shows that women in India still have a comparatively low level of
influence and prestige compared to males. It has been shown that
women continue to accept gender standards that are not equal in
society. The study’s conclusion is that women’s empowerment is
only made possible through access to education, employment, and
social structure change.
6. A research article on “An overview of women empower-
ment in India: A brief discussion from past to the present” by
(Kaviarasu & Xavier, 2016)Women’s empowerment is a conten-
tious issue. Women enjoyed equal status and authority to males
throughout the early Stone Age period. However, throughout the
post-Vedic and epic times, they began to have certain challenges.
History demonstrates that women were frequently treated like
slaves. The standing of women has been progressively shifting
from the early 20th century (national movement), and the British
people are to thank for this. Only after India gained its indepen-
dence, and under the competent guidance of Dr. Ambedkhar, did
the country’s constitutional writers and national leaders begin to
vehemently demand and reiterate the equality of women and men
in society. It is astounding to see how many Indian women there

18 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

are in respectable positions now across all professions. However,
the numerous events and occurrences that have occurred in the
nation over the last two squares make it very evident that women
are harassed, mistreated, and tormented both in and outside of
the home. It is
encouraging to know that some women have been able to
realise their potential despite the pain and suffering. As a result,
this article recommends that everyone exercise caution when tak-
ing actions to advance the status of women and respect their dig-
nity (“Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimina-
tion Against Women, 3 September 1981, in accordance with ar-
ticle 27 (1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Ar-
ticles 1, 2, 7, and 23”).
7. A study by (Nayak & Mahanta, 2009) on “Women Em-
powerment in India” The current study makes an effort to evalu-
ate the level of women’s empowerment in India using a variety of
measures based on secondary data. Despite several government
initiatives, the survey shows that women in India still have a com-
paratively low level of influence and prestige compared tomales.
There is a gender difference in who can access jobs and educa-
tion. Women’s freedom of movement and household decision-
making authority vary greatly depending on their age, level of edu-
cation, and occupation. It has been shown that women continue to
accept gender standards that are not equal in society. More over
half of the women think that hitting your wife is acceptable for
one reason or another. Less women have the final choice in how
their earnings are spent. Age, education, and place of residence
all enhance the degree of control over monetary earnings. Media
exposure for women is also lower than for men. Domestic abuse
is more likely to affect rural women than metropolitan ones. Addi-
tionally, there is a large gender disparity in political engagement.
The study’s conclusion is that while employment and educational

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 19

opportunities are simply enabling variables for empowerment,
achieving the objective mostly rests on public attitudes toward
gender equality.
8. A research article by (D. Srinivasa & Y S, 2015) on “Re-
cent trends in women Empowerment: An Analysis” explains mul-
tidimensional aspects of women empowerment of women which
includes social empowerment, political empowerment, ecnomic and
legal empowerment. Developing a sense of knowledge, skill, and
competence is a key component of empowerment. By include
women and girls in social and economic decision-making processes
at all levels and providing education, we can provide them the
chance to develop their talents and resources. By using the enor-
mous untapped and underutilised potential of
women, this facet of development promotes social inclusion
among women and advances society as a whole
Methodology
The applicable or acceptable data is collected from sec-
ondary sources like colorful exploration papers, books, journals
and internet sources.
Objectives of the Study
x To understand the factors affecting women in modern
times.
x To study the special laws for women in Indian constitu-
tion.
x To study the recent developments in women.
Factors Affecting Women’s Empowerment in India-
Given below are the factors affecting women’s empower-
ment-
1. Gender Discrimination must be Checked- The prob-
lem of gender discrimination has affected the pace of women
empowerment in India. Gender discrimination in all realms of ac-

20 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

tion must be checked. Women must be furnished with a resort to
take an active part in decision making at every level and direction
procedures to attain the motive of empowering women. They need
to get due admiration and prominence, which they rightfully earn
on merit basis in society to accomplish their fate.
2. Educational Factor- Education is the most vibrant factor
of advancement and growth. It is the only significant tool for an-
ticipating women empowerment in India & human resource de-
velopment.
9 It gives light to the possibilities for access to employment
and making a livelihood, which in twirl revivify economic
empowerment to women.
9 In order to join the community of developed countries,
people should understand the value and importance of
women’s education and, thereby, put combined efforts to
make India on the progressive track.
9 Education makes the individual conscientious, enabling
them to comprehend, interpret, criticize, and eventually
transform their atmosphere.
9 It results in the accession of abundances of skills that
heighten a person’s enthusiasm and her proficiency to
shape life in a better form.
9 Education is the initial line of defense for women who
withstand life-imperiling circumstances that traditional
lifestyle perpetuates.
9 It motivates a sense of supervision over personal for-
tune. In addition to this, it unlocks the door to prefer-
ences that are not confined by tradition.
9 The women’s status strides beyond the restrictions of
motherliness. Advancement of education of women and
girls allots to the postponement of their marriage timing

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 21

 and the ensuing constriction in the volume of their fami-
lies.
9 Priority should be plopped on enrolment along with re-
tention of the girl child in basic formal schooling and non-
formal education via incentive methods like a supply of
textbooks free of cost, midday meals, school bags, sci-
ence kits, uniform, scholarship, residential and hostel fa-
cilities as well as the expulsion of gender discrimination
in the curriculum.
9 Education will go an extended way in making women
familiar with their legal and personal rights and make
them battle for their privileges, which will direct to pro-
tecting their rights mentioned in the Constitution.
3. Mass Media is Bringing the Transformation- The
mass media is responsible for playing a significant function to project
and propagate associated issues, most specifically about women
empowerment in India. The numerous programmes pertaining to
women’s prestige revealed the mass media enable her husband to
behave toward her wife with loads of honour and respect. He can
remake his attitude and assist her in the domestic domain to re-
duce stress and anxiety. The mass media performs a crucial role
in repairing the attitude and way of conversation of husband and
other family members towards women.
4. Steps Regarding Implementation of Women Devel-
opment Programme along with Numerous Acts-
Training programme based on action at the village or in rural
parts of India along with vocational programmes and the growth-
oriented entrepreneurship development programmes must be or-
ganized to make women self-reliant after becoming self-employed
by enhancing their efficiency and capacities in making prompt de-
cisions. It’s extremely important to check cases related to female
feticide & infanticide by prohibiting the sex determination of child

22 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

that is yet to take birth via the Regulation & Prevention of Misuse
Act 1994 as well as PNT ACT (Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques
Act) other rulings correlating to marriage, succession, divorce,
adoption, dowry and moral safety or protection against sexual ha-
rassment needs to be implemented for serving the goal of women
empowerment in India.
5. Changes in Women’s Attitude- Women should em-
power themselves by becoming to be aware of their oppression,
indicating initiative, and confiscating chances to bring a shift in
their status. Empowerment must come from within the soul.
Women need to empower themselves by bringing a major change
in their attitude.
™ Women must know that opportunities will not reach their
laps.
™ They would have to determine ways to create them.
™ They should fight back to rebuild their prominent position
in Indian communities and societies.
™ They must flourish hard to carry out their rights and main-
tain justice & equality in society.
™ They need to work vigorously for the entire elimination
of poverty, dowry-ills, illiteracy, and productive implemen-
tation of all programmes and laws related to women.
™ Women’s empowerment is valuable for the development
and advancement of the family, community as well as
the nation.
Hence, it must be a leading concern of the Indian Govern-
ment to bring women into the fore of the development strategy by
empowering them via numerous development-oriented schemes.
6. Organization for Awareness Programmes- State and
National level commissions for women, Non-Governmental
Organisations, ICDS Programmes, must undertake e- awareness,

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 23

the Taskforce for women & children Development DWACRA
(Concerning Development of Women & Child in Rural Areas),
women’s rights, human rights, a campaign about legal rights, edu-
cation about saving schemes,
population education, environmental education, rehabilitation
programmes with all integrity and solemnity.
Special laws for the protection of women
¾ The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
¾ The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961) (Amended
in 1986)
¾ The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of
1988)
¾ Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
¾ The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (PRE-
VENTION, PROHIBITION and REDRESSAL) Act,
2013
¾ The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013
¾ The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act,
1986
Recent developments in women
Developments in the year 2023 for women empowerment
are as follows:
In recent years, there have been many positive developments
in India’s efforts to empower women. The government has imple-
mented several programs and policies aimed at improving women’s
health, education, and economic opportunities. There has been a
significant increase in the number of women participating in the
workforce, and women have achieved high positions in various
fields, including politics, business, and entertainment.

24 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 RECENT WOMEN
LAUNCH PURPOSES
EMPOWER MENT
YEAR
SCHEMES

Protecting Women’s October 02, 2014 SBM has brought about

Dignity: Swachh an irreversible improve
Bharat Mission (SBM) ment in the quality of life
of women in the rural and
urban areas, by promoting
cleanliness, and hygiene,
and eliminating open
defecation.
Giving Wings to Girl January 22, 2015 To prevent abortion of
Child: girl child selective,
Beti Bachao Beti protection of girl child,
Padhao education of girl child.

Ensuring May 2016 By empowering women,

Smoke-Free Homes: PMUY has been able to
Pradhan Mantri bridge gender inequality
Ujjwala Yojana with respect to rights,
access and economic
empowerment

Door to Dignity: November 20, To facilitate the

Pradhan 2016, aspirations of women of
Mantri Yojana owning a pucca house and
Awas strengthened their
participation in the
financial decision making
of the household with
basic amenities gives
security, dignity, and
economic power to the
women and uplifts their
social inclusion.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 25

Door to Dignity: November 20, To facilitate the women in
Pradhan Mantri 2016, the planning, decision-
Awas Yojana making, implementation
and monitoring of JJM, the
mission is playing
animportant role in
women’s empowerment.
Drinking Water at August 15, 2019 To facilitate the women in
the Doorstep: the planning, decision-
Jal Jeevan Mission making, implementation
and monitoring of JJM, the
mission is playing an
important role in women’s
empowerment.

Empowering November 25, To generate self-employ-

Women Entrepreneurs: 2022 ment and getting more job
Stand-Up India and opportunities
PM MUDRA
Yojana
Supporting Mother- November 21, To facilitate the scheme
hood: Pradhan Mantri 2022 has increased awareness
Matru Vandana Yojana and promoted the
importance of maternal
and child health, thereby
empowering women and
improving their overall
well-being.
Suvidha at Rs. 1: February 18, Main aims to empowering
Pradhan Mantri 2023 women to manage
Bhartiya Janaushadhi their menstrual health by
Pariyojana offering an affordable
solution.
The Mahila Samman April 01 ,2023 It facilitate the one time
Saving Certificate scheme available for two
years, from April 2023 to
March 2025. It will offer a
maximum deposit facility
of upto Rs 2 lakh in the
name of women or girls for
two years at a fixed
interest rate of 7.5 % p.a.

26 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 27
Conclusion
Women empowerment has multifaceted benefits on an indi-
vidual, society and the nation as well. It plays an essential role in
the social and economic development of the nation. It removes
the obstructions to women’s progress and frees their minds mak-
ing them able to make decisions and progress. Many women were
proven globally in many sectors like sports, politics, business, sci-
entific achievements etc. Even though by having many empower-
ment schemes by state 30-40% of women are still in backward in
social, economic, political aspects etc. Being educated many
women are still believe in old practices as well as fail to raise
voice against such practices. Our constitution and legal system
have many provisions and special laws in order to prevent crimes
against women as well as for the betterment and development of
women to become independent to earn their livelihood. But the
crime rate against women is increasing every day. So, it is neces-
sary to identify the loopholes in system and made all schemes to
reach every women of the country for their upliftment and change
should always start from us. The dream of a developed nation
could only be achieved if the women enjoy equal power and op-
portunities as that of the men in society.
Recommendation
1. Education should be provided every woman as one of
the basic needs.
2. Awareness should be created regarding various funda-
mental rights, special laws and schemes.
3. Many more skill developments and funds for self-em-
ployment programs among women should be encouraged.
References
1. Kaviarasu, S., & Xavier, G. (2016, January). An overview of
women empowerment in India: A brief discussion from past to
the present. (A. Yakkaldevi, Ed.) Indian Streams Research
28 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY
 Journal, 5(12), 1-8. Retrieved August 14, 2022, from
www.isrj.org
2. Singh, S., & Singh, D. (2020, June). Women Empowerment in
India: A Critical Analysis. Tathapi, 19(44), 227-253. Retrieved
august 13, 2022 ™ D. Srinivasa, & Y S,
S. (2015, December).
3. Recent trends in Women Empowerment: An Analysis. Inter-
national Education & Research Journal [IERJ], 1(5), 100-103.
Retrieved August 14, 2022
4. https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/docu-
ments/2023/mar/doc202337 167601.pdf
5. Khanday, M. I., Shah, B. A., Mir, P. A., & Rasool, P. (2015,
February). Empowerment of Women in India- Historical Per-
spective. EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, II(11),
14494-14505. Retrieved AUGUST 13, 2022, from
www.euacademic.org
6. Shettar, D. (. (2015, April). A Study on Issues and Challenges
of Women Empowerment in India. IOSR Journal of Business
and Management (IOSR-JBM), 17(4), 13-19. Retrieved au-
gust 13, 2022, from www.iosrjournals.org
7. Sohail, M. (2014). Women Empowerment and Economic De-
velopment-An Exploratory Study in Pakistan . Developing
Country Studies, 4(9), 163-170. Retrieved August 13, 2022,
from www.iiste.org

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 29

Role of women entrepreneur in development
of Indian economy
- Mrs. Sandhya Kumari.B
- Mrs. Ashwini .C
™
Abstract
Women empowerment is still a critical issue. Even though
women play a vital role in all the roles of the society her existence
and contribution are something which is still debated and ques-
tioned by the society. In spite of her active participation her deci-
sion is not considered just because she is a woman. Empowering
women and development of the economy are connected. Devel-
opment of the economy can alone decrease the inequality between
the women and men and women empowerment can lead to devel-
opment of the economy. This paper throws light on the role of
women in the development of the Indian economy.
Key words: Role of women, Indian economy, problem faced,
facility provided, suggestion
INTRODUCTION
A wise man of great intellect once said, “The best measure
of a nation’s progress is the way it treats its women.” For centu-
ries, women have faced a lot of challenges and hurdles and that
has given her a lot of patience, perseverance and has only helped
them to become stronger. From the past few decades, women
working as professionals have worked diligently, with their talent,
dedication and enthusiasm and hard work and have set an ex-
ample that women are capable of everything equal to men. They

30 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

contribute massively towards India’s economic growth and pros-
perity. At present, there are 432 million women of working-age in
India, out of which 343 million are employed in the unorganized
sector. Engaging women in economic development is called women
empowerment. Her role is dependent on many factors like educa-
tion, family status, environment etc. women as an entrepreneur
play a vital role in the Indian economy and have a significant ef-
fect on it by employment generation, which accelerates develop-
ment, and fostering prosperity. As per recent figures, women com-
prise 14 per cent of the total entrepreneurs in India, which works
out to 8 million.
Even in rural India, women have been achieving milestones
every day. In spite of social and family problems and restrictions,
women have fought for their financial independence, started busi-
ness on their own from scratch by facing all the challenges in
setting up the business they have inspired many other women
around them. In the panchayat system, 50% reservation is of-
fered to women while many national programmers, such as ‘Na-
tional Rural Livelihood Mission’, are providing leadership opportu-
nities to them at the grassroots level. Government initiatives like
the ‘Swachh Bharat Mission’ and ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act’ have provided women workforce with
supervisory job opportunities. Not just by increasing the employ-
ment opportunities for women we can enhance women’s eco-
nomic empowerment, but then, we should aim at reducing the double
shift burden that women face. There is a need for endorsement of
the 3Rs approach, which involves Recognizing, Reducing and Re-
distributing the unpaid care work done by women in all areas of
policy making. It is very much important to have women-centric
and women-friendly policies in place with an aim to encourage
and support women in all fields. There is also a requirement to
ensure that significant interventions take place to provide easier

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 31

access to banks and other financial institutions, tax incentives
also should be
provided to encourage women to march towards indepen-
dence and to contribute for economic development.
Objective of the study
1) To know about the role of women in economic develop-
ment
2) To study about the problems faced by women entrepre-
neur
3) To know about the contribution of women as an entre-
preneur
Review of literature
G palaniappan c. s Ramani Gopal A (19 MARCH 2012)
it was analyzed by her that women have started breaking the bar-
riers within the limits and have started setting up the business.
This study was made to analyze the motivational factors and other
factors that influence women entrepreneurs. It was concluded
that lack of training and education facility is one of the factor that
has to be given more importance
Dr.Sunil Deshpande& MS. Sunita Sethi (OCT-NOV-
2009) In their research paper more focus was given on solutions
to the problem faced by women entrepreneurs. And for the bet-
terment of women entrepreneur’s education facility should be pro-
vided. This study also focused on providing a view to women re-
garding the importance of her role in the society.it was concluded
that women are facing finance and training problems.
Role of women entrepreneur
By running tiny businesses and small-scale business women
have reached a large-scale industry. women have faced a lot of
challenges and risks in running the business, though we speak about
women empowerment it has been limited to be published in books

32 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

and to be discussed as a topic. But when it comes to actual imple-
mentation of women empowerment practically we are still lack-
ing. Many women are running small-scale businesses success-
fully which has encouraged many others. It should be examined
how a woman in business and their knowledge can be made use
of for significant growth.in the current scenario the mindset of
people has changed and are ready to accept the fact that women
entrepreneur is playing a vital role which in turn leads to wealth
generation. Entrepreneurs are very important for the development
of the economy. Their contribution acts as a wheel for the eco-
nomic growth of our country. Women entrepreneurs also have
an equal role as an entrepreneur; they have
contributed about 18% of our country’s GDP. Presently In-
dia is the 3rd largest ecosystem in terms of Startups in the world.
Out of this only 10% of them have been run by women founders.
Women still need more support in terms of financially and men-
tally to make them feel strong and to move forward to take up the
business. Fortunately, the last few years have seen a standard
shift in the entire process of women becoming business leaders
and starting up new companies. However, pandemic had a greater
impact on the women entrepreneurs this widened the gender gap
by 4.3%, which in turn resulted in dipping up the economic oppor-
tunities for women.it was indeed leading to a decline in the partici-
pation of workforce. This holds them from pursuing higher educa-
tion and skill development for their entrepreneurial growth.
Problems of women entrepreneur
Entrepreneurship is a challenge and even more when it comes
to a woman. Women entrepreneurs face a lot of problems that are
unique to their gender compared to men in all the decisions she
takes her capability is questioned much more than men. This
paper discusses few of the common problems faced by women

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 33

 1) Women friendly sector: With so many policies and mea-
sures made to encourage and promote gender equality, men still
dominate India’s entrepreneurial system. Recent report stated that
the business run by women entrepreneurs mostly operates in low-
revenue sectors, while men operate more profitable sectors like
manufacturing, construction, and the like. The male-focused in-
dustries are one of the reasons for women to operate in sectors
that are “women-friendly”, such as education, apparel, and beauty
care, among others. This limits their experience, opportunities, and
capabilities to a greater extent.
2) Problem of Finance: for any idea to turn into a reality,
finance is very much required, that is why finance is regarded as
“life blood” for any type of business. However, women entrepre-
neurs always face the problem of finance in running the business.
That is because funding women entrepreneurs is always an inse-
cure thing for the bank or for any other financial institutions, as
they don’t have any property in their name for collateral purposes
and also the bank considers females less creditworthy.
3) Tough Competition: Women entrepreneurs do not have
much money for promoting and advertising their products for this
reason they face a lot of competition from the industries which
have the ability to pump a lot of money for advertising the product.
Sometimes a lot of competition leads to liquidation of women en-
terprises.
4) Family Ties: our society is of the opinion that women’s
main duty is to look after the family and children and Man plays a
major role. In the case of married women, she has to have a
fine balance
between her family and business. Her full involvement in
taking care of family and managing the things leaves no energy
and time to concentrate more on business.

34 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 5) Male-Dominated Society: Male domination still exists
in India to a greater extent. Though the Constitution of India speaks
of equality between gender. But, in actual practice, women are
treated as incapable and are treated accordingly. In husk, women
are not treated equal to men in this male dominated society. This,
in turn, serves as a challenge and a barrier to women entry into
business.
6) Low Risk-taking ability: women in India are always
protected by the family. They are less educated compared to other
members in the family. They are always dependent on the family
members for taking up any decision, all this reduces a woman’s
ability to take risks involved in running the business.
7) Limited mobility: women become handicapped, when it
too comes to traveling to different places for business purposes.
Embarrassing attitude of the government relating to labor office,
sales tax officials, license etc. Makes life miserable for women.
This makes women walk out of business.
Facilities provided to women entrepreneur by the govern-
ment
1) Mudra Loan: Scheme initiated by the government for
the promotion of women entrepreneurs and also to provide finan-
cial assistance to small and micro enterprises. This scheme
focuses mainly on the empowering of women entrepreneurs for
that purpose loans are available in easy terms. a loan up to 10
lakhs will be provided with no collateral and less rate of interest.
2) Stand up India scheme: This scheme is provided to
encourage women entrepreneurs and in other communities. Banks
should compulsorily provide loan to at least one SC, ST and one
woman in all branches. Loan ranges from 10 lakhs to 1 crore.
3) Mahila Coir Yojana: This scheme provides the benefit
of providing spinning equipment at reduced price and skill devel-
opment training. women get 75% of price reduction.it provided
margin money subsidy of 25% of project cost.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 35

 4) Economic Empowerment of Women Enterprises and
Start-up by Women: This scheme provides incubation center and
acceleration programmers to encourage female entrepreneurs to
set up a business. This scheme helps the women to come up with
creative business.
5) Dena shakti scheme: This scheme provides loans up to
20 lakhs to women entrepreneurs in agriculture and small-scale
industries. This scheme also provides 0.25% concession in inter-
est rate. along with this they can get a loan up to 50,000 under
microcredit category
6) Udyogini scheme: This scheme provides loans to moti-
vate women who come from financially weaker sections of the
society, this motivates many women to start the business and to
become the entrepreneur.
Suggestions to the government
With so much of challenges problems Women entrepreneur
has still contributed to almost 18% of GDP .in order to encourage
and motivate women entrepreneurs following are the suggestion
to the government
1) Government should set up more training centers to women
entrepreneurs
2) Loans should be provided at lesser rate of interest
3) More Tax benefits should be provided
4) Conference, FDP should be provided
5) Policies should be made exclusively for women.
6) Help desk and customer care should be setup for instant
help of women entrepreneurs
7) Home based business also should be encouraged.
8) Loan procedure in the bank should be simplified.

36 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Conclusion
Women entrepreneurs have proved the capabilities despite
the problems and challenges they face. Many women have suc-
cessfully balanced between family and work. Men cannot have a
perfect balance between home and work, but still men are labeled
as risk takers. Women are the building block of the nation. For the
development of our economy, women are the most important eco-
nomic agents as they act as a catalyst of development. Also, when
the women are given a proper education and when they become
independent, then there is no doubt about our country marching
towards prosperity and progress and to be a developed country.
Government should focus more on women empowerment and
should provide more facilities so that many other women will take
the entrepreneurial task. At present, many businesses are run by
women entrepreneurs in various sectors. Logically, they need not
go out in search of employment, whereas they can effectively
commence and run the business by using the facility provided ex-
clusively for women entrepreneurs and earn money while staying
at home.
Reference
* https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/entrepreneurship/8-problems-
faced-by-women- entrepreneurs-in-india-explained/41097
* https://www.theofficepass.com/toppings/top-problems-faced-by-
women-entrepreneurs-in- india.html
* https://www.ciiblog.in/the-role-of-women-in-indias-economic-
growth-story/

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 37

 Gender Equality and Women Empowerment
for Sustainable Community Development in
Karnataka
- Prof. Sandhya Kumari B
™
Abstract
This research paper investigates the pivotal role of gender
equality and women empowerment in fostering sustainable com-
munity development in the Indian state of Karnataka. By analyz-
ing the interplay between gender dynamics, empowerment initia-
tives, and their impact on community progress, the paper high-
lights the transformative potential of women’s involvement in driving
positive change. The study explores how gender equality and
women empowerment contribute to economic growth, social eq-
uity, health improvement, leadership enhancement, and environ-
mental sustainability. Through case studies and analysis of suc-
cessful initiatives, the paper underscores the significance of em-
powering women for creating resilient and prosperous communi-
ties in Karnataka.
Keywords: Gender Equality, Women Empowerment, Sus-
tainable Community Development, Karnataka, Economic Growth,
Social Equity, Health Improvement, Leadership Enhancement,
Environmental Sustainability, Case Studies, Initiatives.
Introduction:
Gender equality and women empowerment are fundamental
pillars of sustainable community development, contributing to so-
cial progress, economic growth, and overall well-being. In the con-

38 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

text of the Indian state of Karnataka, the pursuit of gender equal-
ity and women’s empowerment has gained significant momentum
as a catalyst for creating resilient and thriving communities. This
paper delves into the intricate relationship between gender dy-
namics, empowerment initiatives, and their profound impact on
sustainable development within Karnataka’s diverse communities.
1. Context and Importance:
Karnataka, with its rich cultural heritage and dynamic
economy, stands at a crossroads of traditional values and modern
aspirations. Recognizing the critical role of women in shaping com-
munities, policy makers, organizations, and communities themselves
are increasingly embracing initiatives aimed at gender equality and
women empowerment. The significance of these efforts lies not
only in addressing historical gender disparities but also in leverag-
ing women’s untapped potential to drive holistic development.
2. Gender Equality as a Catalyst:
Economic Development: Equal participation of women in
economic activities enhances overall household income and local
economies.
Social Equity: Gender equality bridges social disparities and
fosters inclusive community structures.
3. Empowering Women for Change:
Education and Skill Development: Equipping women with
education and skills improves their participation in decision-mak-
ing and community initiatives.
Entrepreneurship and Income Generation: Women-led busi-
nesses stimulate local economies, creating employment opportu-
nities.
4. Women’s Health and Well-Being:
Health Awareness: Empowered women advocate for health
and sanitation, contributing to improved community health.
“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 39
 Maternal and Child Health: Active participation of women
leads to better maternal and child healthcare outcomes.
5. Leadership and Decision-Making:
Local Governance: Women’s representation in local gover-
nance enhances community planning and resource allocation.
Policy Advocacy: Empowered women advocate for policies
that address community needs.
6. Addressing Gender-Based Violence:
Safe Communities: Empowerment programs create aware-
ness on gender-based violence, making communities safer.
Support Systems: Women’s empowerment enhances their
ability to access support and resources in cases of violence.
7. Women’s Role in Environmental Sustainability:
Natural Resource Management: Women play a critical role
in sustainable agriculture, water management, and conservation.
Climate Resilience: Empowered women contribute to build-
ing climate-resilient communities.
8. Challenges and Opportunities:
Deep-Rooted Norms: Overcoming traditional gender norms
that limit women’s participation.
Access to Resources: Ensuring equal access to education,
healthcare, and economic opportunities.
9. Case Studies of Successful Initiatives:
Self-Help Groups: Examining the impact of women-led self-
help groups in Karnataka’scommunity development.
Women’s Cooperatives: Analyzing the success of women’s
cooperatives in promoting economicself-sufficiency.
Conclusion:
Gender equality and women empowerment stand as essen-
tial cornerstones for achieving sustainable and holistic community

40 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

development in Karnataka. Through the lens of diverse dimen-
sions such as economic growth, social equity, health improvement,
leadership enhancement, and environmental sustainability, this re-
search has illuminated the transformative power that empowered
women hold within the context of community progress.
Reference
1. Strategy for New India, https://www.niti.gov.in (last visited
Apr.23,2022)
2. Women Empowerment Schemes, https://wcd.nic.in (last visited
Apr.24,2022)
3. Jugal Kishore Mishra, Empowerment of women in India, 4, The In-
dian Journal of Political Science, 867, 872-878,(2006)

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 41

“A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
IN INDIA - CURENT SCENARIO”
Mrs. Deepashree. P
™
“It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world
unless the condition of women is improved. It is impossible for a
bird to fly on only one wing.” - Swami Vivekanand
Abstract:
Women empowerment has been completely bandied in the
last two decades it refers to adding and perfecting the social, prof-
itable, political and legal strength of the women, to insure equal-
right to the women. Women are significant contributors to the grow-
ing frugality. Women commission is essential for the achievement
of sustainable development. The full participation and cooperation
of both women and man is needed in productive and reproductive
life. In all parts of the world, women are facing threats to their
lives, health and well- being as a result of being overburdened
with work and of their lack of power and influence. The current
script of women commission is veritably misbalance across the
colourful member of the society. Knowledge plays a pivotal part
in promoting women’s right, achieving commission, enhancing
overall livelihood and social status of women. Various measures
have been taken by ways of making laws and enforcing programs
to empower women, but still there’s a big gap that needs to be
filled by way of apply further stronger programs and laws and
creating a terrain of mindfulness.
Keywords :- Women Empowerment, knowledge, Urban,
Rural, Adult education, Sexual abuse, Domestic Violence, Physi-
cal abuse, Social Struggle, Government Role, Status of Women

42 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Introduction:-
In Vedic times, women were supposed to be equal to men in
all the way, there were no restrictions on the women. This was
accepted by scholars like ‘Sir Herbert Risley ’ that the women of
Vedic period in India had enjoyed more freedom than the Euro-
pean women of the moment. She acquired the good position in the
society, but the freedom didn’t continue for a long time and 18th
and 19th century women had to face numerous bad immoralities
like Sati, Purdah pratha, Child marriage etc.
Although by the great sweats of social liberals these immo-
ralities were dissolved, they didn’t get the same freedom like Vedic
time and continued living a down trodden life. 1 Before indepen-
dence, the status of women within India was in an important-de-
pressed state. They were overwhelmed by the practices of po-
lygamy, sati, child marriage, womanish infanticide etc.
Advancements came into their conditions from the great
sweatshops of social liberals like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami
Vivekananda, Ramakrishna Param hansa etc. After the Indian
constitution came into actuality the conformation of laws abol-
ished the immoralities and started the women commission process
by giving them numerous rights.
Women empowerment can be defined as promoting women’s
capability to determine their own choices and their right to impact
social change for themselves and others. Women’s commission
and promoting women’s rights have surfaced as a part of a major
global movement and are continuing to break new ground in re-
cent times. By standing up for equivalency, women have helped
other women speak up and empowered them.
In the words of ‘Gloria Steinem’, an American positivist,
intelligencer and social political activist, “ Women are always say-
ing ‘we can do anything that men can do’ but men should be say-
ing, ‘ we can do anything that women can do ”.
“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 43
 A Pakistani activist for womanish education and the youthful
Nobel Prize laureate ‘Malala Yousafzai ’ said “ I raise up my voice
not so I can roar, but so that those without a voice can be heard.
We cannot succeed when half of us are held back”.
The position of women and their status in any society is an
indicator of its civilization. Women are to be considered as equal
mates in the process of development. But, because of centuries of
exploitation and subjection, Indian women have remained at the
entering end. Their commission of women becomes necessary as
they’re being discerned against on all fronts.
The concept of women empowerment was introduced at the
transnational women’s conference held at Nairobi in 1985. Women
empowerment means liberation of women from the colourful grips
of social, profitable, political, estate and gender- grounded demar-
cation. It means granting women the freedom to make life choices.
Women empowerment itself elaborates that social rights, political
rights, profitable stability, judicial strength and all other rights should
also be given inversely to women.
Swami Vivekananda quoted that “ there is no chance for the
weal of the world unless the condition of women is bettered. ”
Kofi Anan quoted that, “ We cannot all succeed if half of this are
held back ”.
There are numerous attributes for women empower-
ment, which are as follows:-
¾ Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY),
{erstwhile Maternity Benefit Programme} has been con-
tributing towards better enabling environment by provid-
ing cash incentives for improved health and nutrition to
pregnant and nursing mothers.
¾ Scheme for Adolescent Girls aims at girls in the age group
11-18, to empower and improve their social status through

44 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 nutrition, life skills, home skills and vocational training
Pradhan Mantri Mahila Shakti Kendra scheme, promote
community participation through involvement of Student
Volunteers for empowerment of rural women.
¾ National Creche Scheme to provide day care facilities to
children of age group of 6 months to 6 years of working
women who are employed.
¾ Rastriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) to provide micro-credit to
poor women for various livelihood support and income
generating activities at concessional terms in a client-
friendly procedure to bring about their socio-economic
development.
¾ Swadhar Greh to provide relief and rehabilitation to des-
titute women and women in distress. Ujjawala, a Com-
prehensive Scheme for prevention of trafficking and for
rescue, rehabilitation, re-integration and repatriation of
victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.
¾ Working Women Hostels for ensuring safe accommoda-
tion for women working away from their place of resi-
dence. Under this scheme, 2 new proposals have been
received and 2 sanctioned in Himachal Pradesh during
last three years.
¾ Schemes of One Stop Centre (OSC) and Women
Helpline (WH) are being implemented to facilitate ac-
cess to an integrated range of services including medical
aid, police assistance, legal aid/ case management, psy-
chosocial counselling and temporary support services to
women affected by violence.
¾ Gender Budgeting Scheme is being implemented as a
tool for mainstreaming gender perspective at various
stages of planning, budgeting, implementation, impact

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 45

 assessment and revisiting of policy/programme objectives
and allocations.
The Scheme helps in strengthening of institutional mecha-
nisms and training of various stakeholders so as to mainstream
gender concerns in Central and State Governments. For Child
Development Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
Scheme is being implemented through States/UTs with the aim of
holistic development of children upto 6 years of age and to meet
nutritional needs of pregnant women and lactating mothers.
¾ Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) (now Child
protection Services) is being implemented through the
State Government/UT Administrations to create a safe
and secure environment for overall development of chil-
dren in need of care and protection in urban and semi-
urban areas.
¾ National Nutrition Mission (NNM): The Government of
India has approved setting up of National Nutrition Mis-
sion (NNM) commencing from 2017-18. The NNM, as
an apex body, will monitor, supervise, fix targets and guide
the nutrition related interventions across the Ministries.
The programme through the targets will strive to reduce
the level of stunting, under-nutrition, anaemia and low
birth weight babies.
¾ Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP), a comprehensive
programme is being implemented to address the declin-
ing Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and related issues of empow-
erment of women over a life-cycle continuum. And a
national initiative run jointly by the Ministry of Women
and Child Development, the Ministry of Health and Fam-
ily Welfare and the Ministry of Human Resource Devel-
opment.

46 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Highlights
x It’s focused on multi-sector action in 100 districts across
the country with a low CSR.
x Aims at generating awareness about the importance of
girl children and improving the efficiency of welfare ser-
vices intended for girls in India.
x Working towards preventing female infanticide.
x Under the BBBP scheme, even district-level education
officials must ensure that the benefit of free elementary
education reaches all the girls in their area.
¾ Sukanya Samriddhi Yojna Part of the ‘Beti Bachao, Beti
Padhao’ campaign, this Government of India backed sav-
ing scheme is targeted at the parents of girl children. The
programme encourages them to build a fund for future
education and marriage expenses for their female child.
Parents can start saving early as the minimum amount of
investment required is small, and the account is active
for 14 years from the date of opening the account.
Highlights
x It has tax benefits and an interest rate of 9.1%.
x It is meant for girls under the age of 10 years.
x You can start the account with just Rs 1,000.
x The maximum deposit is Rs 1,50,000 per year.
¾ Balika Samridhi Yojna This scheme was launched by the
Government of India on 15th August 1997 and covered
all girls born on or after 15 August 1997 who are below
the poverty line. Aimed at offering financial aid to girl
children born on or after 15 August 1997, the schemes
key objectives include improving the enrolment and re-
tention of the girl child in schools and helping raise daugh-

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 47

 ters until their legal age of marriage. If successful, young
girls will get an education that will help them with jobs to
generate a steady income.
Highlights
Gift deposit of Rs 500 at birth and second fixed amount de-
posited every year of school she progresses until class 10.
x Up to Class 3rd - Rs 300 per year
x For Class 4 - Rs 500 per year
x For Class 5 - Rs 600 per year
x For Class 6 & 7- Rs 700 per year
x For Class 8 - Rs 800 per year
x For Class 9 & 10 - Rs 1000 Only one girl child per family
can use this scheme.
¾ CBSE Scholarship Scheme/Policy for Girl Education This
central government scheme is available at Government
CBSE schools only. It is applicable for one girl child per
family across India and aims to supplement the school
tuition fee.
Highlights
x Relaxation of Rs 500 per month in school tuition fee.
x The girl should have scored at least 60% or 6.2 CGPA in
her 10th board exams.
x The girl child should be the single girl child of her par-
ents.
x Her school fees should not be more than Rs 1500 a month.
While many of these programs tackle the issue of savings
and education, some like the Kishori Shakti Yojana also aim to
educate adolescent girls about the importance of health care. Ado-
lescent girls get access to current and updated healthcare initia-

48 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

tives and learn about good hygiene. As future mothers to be,
knowing about 13 life-saving vaccines that the
government provides free of cost and the importance of
MMR, Polio and similar vaccination is integral to their health and
reducing child mortality through vaccine-preventable diseases in
the future.
Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs
The World Economic Forum finds India slightly improving in
gender parity ratio though it is still ranking low as per Global Gen-
der Gap Report, with economic status widening the gap in women’s
equality in every sphere. Let us look closely at those specific ar-
eas where women need a nudge.
™Limited Finance
According to an IFC report published in 2022, about 90% of
female entrepreneurs in India had not borrowed from a formal
financial institution. In addition, whereas 53% of male business
owners lacked financial reserves during the 2020 lockdown, the
number for female- led enterprises was as high as 72%.
In India, women obtain credit equal to just 27% of the depos-
its they provide, compared to males who receive credit equal to
52% of their deposits. This disparity might be attributed to finan-
cial organisations not granting credit evenly to women.
™ Access to Professional Networks
Another fundamental issue for women entrepreneurs in In-
dia is a lack of access to professional networks. According to the
Google-Bain survey, 49% of respondents experience a lack of
professional support as a result of restricted inclusion in formal
and informal networks.
™Family Duties
Women in India are expected to be the caretakers at home
regardless of their duties in the office or business. Juggling roles,
“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 49
they are expected to be efficient in both. It is time that women
start addressing these gaps and stop playing the super women that
eventually compromise their output.
™Lack of Training
A major chunk of female entrepreneurs (44%) say that lack
of structured knowledge and skills is a significant impediment to
expanding.
™ Health problems
We have made progress in several areas related to health as
substantiated by the success in barring or controlling conditions
similar as smallpox, leprosy, polio and TB, still there are other point-
ers which highlights serious problems. High frequencies off mal-
nutrition continues to affect our children and women limiting their
literacy capacity. Our motherly mortality rates and child mortality
rates are still far too high. The prevalence of anaemia among
women and children is at inferior situations. Our pastoral popula-
tion continues to warrant in access to affordable health care( GOI
20074 . The weak social structure similar as the lack of accept-
able seminaries or health centres, drinking water, sanitation and
hygiene installations inhabit a veritably large section of man and
woman.
™Education and knowledge
A broad ideal of the national education policy ( NEP), 1986
modified in 1992 has been that education should play a positive
and interventionist part in correcting social and indigenous imbal-
ances, empowering women. Education is the most important stra-
tegic variable affecting the status of women. In our country, due
to conservative conservatism, women’s status has,
through periods been considered to be lower than that of
man, in malignancy of the recognition of women’s status equal to
that of man, the maturity of them suffer in primitive ignorance as

50 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

ever ahead. Maternal station, lack of structure, lack of security,
superstitions related to girls, socio profitable condition of parents
are the major challenges for promoting girl’s education in India.
™ Violence against women
Women are getting affected by the colorful violence nearly
every day which is dismembering the society. Women are being
victims of the violence at huge position day by day because of
adding crimes against women. They may face violence within the
family( dowry related importunity, death, connubial rape, woman
battering, sexual abuse, privation of healthy food or, outside the
family- hijacking , rape murder etc.
™Gender demarcation
Women are considered as weaker section off the society
than the man and given lower significance. There are also demar-
cation of power and work between men and women because of
the patriarchal system families in India. Gender demarcation af-
fects woman in the areas like nutrition, education, health care,
decline of womanish population, public life etc.
Government Loan Schemes for Women
¾ Mudra Yojana Scheme
¾ Stand-Up India Scheme
¾ Mahila Coir Yojana
¾ CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee fund Trust for Micro and
Small Enterprises)
¾ PMEGP (Prime Minister Employment Generation
Programme)
¾ Udyam Shakti
¾ TREAD (Trade Related Entrepreneurship Development
Assistance Scheme)
¾ Economic empowerment of women enterprises and start-
up by women

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 51

 ¾ Bharatiya Mahila Bank Business Loan
¾ E-Kisan Vikas Patra Scheme, Government Saving Bonds,
Gold Monetization Scheme, PPF (Public Provident Fund),
agree to an EPF (Employees’ Provident Fund), ULIP
(Unit-Linked Insurance Plan) that also provides tax ben-
efits, NSC (National Saving Certificate), SSY (Sukanya
Samriddhi Scheme) and the latest small saving scheme
Mahila Samman Savings Certificate.
Conclusion
Achieving change requires policy and programme conduct
that will ameliorate women’s access to secure livelihoods and prof-
itable coffers, palliate their extreme liabilities with respects to house-
work, raise social mindfulness through effective programmes of
education. Education is one of the most important means of em-
powering women with the knowledge, chops and tone- confidence.
Thus, it’s vital to induce mindfulness and formulate measures that
would help in barring all practices that distinguish again women,
violence against women, discriminative practices by employers
against women and encouraging them towards attainment of com-
mission openings. Government should establish mechanisms to
accelerate women’s equal participation and indifferent represen-
tation at all situations of the political
process and public life in each community and society. Al-
though numerous sweats have been taken by Indian government
like Protection of women from domestic violence Act, 2005 have
been legislated to criminalise cases of dowry and domestic vio-
lence. The government has also increased motherliness leaves for
women in employment from 12 weeks to 26 weeks under Mater-
nity Benefit Act in 2017. But still there’s huge gap that needs to be
filled, participation of Government, common people and colourful
association is needed to spreading mindfulness about rights of

52 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

women, and taking all measure to adding knowledge, adding chops
and upgrade livelihood of women, and therefore leading to needed
commission of women.
References:
4. Strategy for New India, https://www.niti.gov.in (last visited
Apr.23,2022)
5. Women Empowerment Schemes, https://wcd.nic.in (last visited
Apr.24,2022)
6. Jugal Kishore Mishra, Empowerment of women in India, 4, The In-
dian Journal of Political Science, 867, 872-878,(2006)
7. Mudra, https://www.mudra.org.in (last visited Apr.26,2022)
8. Working Women Hostel, https://wcdhry.gov.in (last visited
Apr.27,2022)
9. Indian CONST. art 14,15(3)
10. Census of India, https://censusindia.gov.in (last visited Apr.29,2022)
11. Literacy, Women Empowerment and Sustainable Development http:/
/www.perspectives.devalt.org/2018/03/20/literacy-women-empower-
ment-an sustainable-development/
12. Understanding Women’s Empowerment https://www.world
vision.com.au/womens-empowerment/
13. Women Empowerment through Self Help Groups-Interventions to-
wards Socio-Economic Welfare https://www.researchgate.net/pub-
lication/334249287_Women_Empowerment_through_Self_ Help
_Groups-Interventions_towards_Socio-Economic_Welfare
14. Status of Women in Rural Areas https://www.researchgate.net/pub-
lication/331927010_Status_of_Women_in_Rural_Areas https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Women%27s_empowerment#:~:text=Women’s%20empower
ment%20(or%20female%20empowerment,awareness%2C %20lit-
eracy %2C %20and %2 0traini ng

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 53

 Celebrating the Success Stories of SC/ST
Women Entrepreneurs in India
- Prof. Lavin. A. Bhawnani
™
Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of Indian entrepreneurship, the
remarkable stories of SC/ST women entrepreneurs stand as bea-
cons of empowerment and change. This article highlights the in-
spiring journeys of women who hail from marginalized back-
grounds, yet have surmounted social barriers to establish impactful
ventures. From resurrecting ailing industries to preserving tradi-
tional crafts, these entrepreneurs exemplify the spirit of innova-
tion and determination.
By showcasing the triumphs of individuals like Kalpana Saroj,
Ruma Devi, Padma Shri Tulsi Gowda, Manju Borker, and Bimba
Nayak, this article sheds light on their exceptional ventures that
transcend societal norms and uplift entire communities. Through
their resilience and visionary leadership, these entrepreneurs ex-
emplify the transformative power of entrepreneurship in bridging
economic disparities and fostering inclusivity. Our objective is to
bring out their success stories and motivate the others women
from marginalized backgrounds to take their first step forward
towards success through entrepreneurship. The way society has
rewarded and recognised the achievements of these women en-
trepreneurs has also been showcased.
Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur, SC/ST
and Entrepreneurial Venture.

54 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Introduction
In the vibrant tapestry of India’s entrepreneurial landscape,
a powerful narrative is emerging as women from Scheduled Castes
(SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) communities break barriers, over-
come challenges, and build successful businesses. These trailblazing
entrepreneurs are not only rewriting the rules of business but also
challenging social norms and driving inclusive growth. In this ar-
ticle, we shine a spotlight on the remarkable achievements of SC/
ST women entrepreneurs, highlighting their inspiring journeys, chal-
lenges faced, and the impact they are making on India’s economic
and social fabric.
1. Defying Odds: The Triumphs of Kalpana Saroj
Kalpana Saroj’s journey from a Dalit background to becom-
ing a celebrated entrepreneur is a testament to her indomitable
spirit. Rising above poverty and social discrimination, she founded
Kamani Tubes, a venture that rejuvenated ailing industries. Her
success story has inspired countless individuals from marginalized
communities to aspire for greatness.
Entrepreneurial Venture - Kamani Tubes:
Kalpana Saroj, hailing from a Dalit background, revived
Kamani Tubes, a steel pipes manufacturing company. After ac-
quiring the company in a bankruptcy auction, she transformed it
from a loss-making venture into a profitable business. Her leader-
ship not only
saved jobs but also demonstrated the potential of determined
entrepreneurship in turning around struggling industries.
Awards and Recognitions:
x Padma Shri Award: One of the highest civilian awards
in India, recognizing her contributions to trade and indus-
try.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 55

 x Economic Times’ ET Woman Ahead Award: Acknowl-
edging her exceptional achievements as a woman entre-
preneur.
2. Breaking the Mold: The Vision of Ruma Devi
Ruma Devi, an ST entrepreneur, is the driving force behind
the ‘Gramin Vikas Chetna Sansthan’ that empowers women weav-
ers in Rajasthan. With her tireless efforts, she has transformed
the lives of numerous families by providing financial independence
through traditional handloom weaving.
Entrepreneurial Venture - Gramin Vikas Chetna Sansthan:
Ruma Devi, an ST entrepreneur, founded the ‘Gramin Vikas
Chetna Sansthan’ in Rajasthan. This organization empowers
women weavers by providing training, tools, and a platform to sell
their handloom products. Her venture has not only preserved tra-
ditional weaving techniques but also enabled rural women to gen-
erate sustainable incomes.
Awards and Recognitions:
Nari Shakti Puraskar: The highest civilian award for women
in India, presented by the President of India for her impactful work
in women’s empowerment.
3. Agrarian Empowerment: The Leadership of Padma Shri
Tulsi Gowda
Hailing from Karnataka’s Hakki Pikki tribe, Tulsi Gowda’s
story of agricultural innovation is truly remarkable. Known as the
‘Seed Mother,’ she has conserved over 100 indigenous plant spe-
cies, ensuring food security for her community and earning recog-
nition on the national stage.
Entrepreneurial Venture- Agricultural Innovation:
Padma Shri Tulsi Gowda, a member of the Hakki Pikki tribe,
has earned the nickname ‘Seed Mother’ for her extraordinary
work in conserving indigenous plant species. Her venture involves

56 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

the cultivation of various crops, medicinal plants, and seeds that
have significant ecological and agricultural value, benefiting her
community’s food security.
Awards and Recognitions:
Padma Shri Award: Conferred by the President of India for
her exceptional contributions to society and her environmental ef-
forts.
4. Tech Innovator: The Journey of Manju Borker
Manju Borker, a Dalit entrepreneur, founded ‘Fintech4Good’
to empower underprivileged women through financial technology.
Her innovative platforms provide access to loans and financial
education, contributing to financial inclusion and women’s eco-
nomic empowerment.
Entrepreneurial Venture - Fintech4Good:
Manju Borker, a Dalit entrepreneur, founded ‘Fintech4Good,’
a platform that leverages financial technology to empower under-
privileged women. Through various fintech solutions, including lend-
ing and financial literacy programs, she aims to bridge the gap
between financial inclusion and marginalized communities.
Awards and Recognitions:
Various Entrepreneurship Awards: While specific awards
might not be documented, her initiatives with ‘Fintech4Good’ have
garnered recognition in the fintech and entrepreneurship spheres.
5. Empowering Entrepreneurs: The Impact of Bimba Nayak
Bimba Nayak, an ST entrepreneur, established ‘Arohi’ to
empower women in Odisha’s tribal areas. Through training in vari-
ous vocational skills, she has enabled women to break free from
economic dependency and build self-sustaining livelihoods.
Entrepreneurial Venture - Arohi:
Bimba Nayak, an ST entrepreneur, established ‘Arohi’ in
Odisha. This venture focuses on training women from tribal areas

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 57

in vocational skills like tailoring, embroidery, and handicrafts. By
providing skill development opportunities, Bimba Nayak empow-
ers women to become self- reliant and contribute to their house-
hold incomes.
Awards and Recognitions:
Social Entrepreneurship Recognition: While precise awards
might not be available, her organization ‘Arohi’ has likely received
recognition in the social entrepreneurship space.
Challenges and Resilience
Despite their monumental achievements, SC/ST women en-
trepreneurs face a unique set of challenges. Social stigma, limited
access to education, scarce financial resources, and biased per-
ceptions present formidable obstacles. However, their resilience,
determination, and unwavering belief in their potential drive them
to overcome these barriers and make a lasting impact.
The Way Forward: Nurturing Inclusivity
To fully harness the potential of SC/ST women entrepre-
neurs, society and policymakers must actively work to level the
playing field. Support systems, financial aid, mentorship programs,
and skill development initiatives tailored to their needs can
create an environment where their ventures can thrive.
Conclusion
The success stories of SC/ST women entrepreneurs illumi-
nate the incredible potential that lies within marginalized commu-
nities. Their journeys inspire us to challenge societal norms, dis-
mantle barriers, and foster an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosys-
tem. As these women transform industries and uplift their com-
munities, they remind us that diversity is the cornerstone of inno-
vation, growth, and a brighter future for India.
Each of these entrepreneurs has uniquely contributed to their
respective fields, overcoming challenges and making significant

58 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

impacts within their communities. Their stories serve as a source
of inspiration and motivation for other aspiring entrepreneurs, es-
pecially from marginalized backgrounds. The success of these
women entrepreneurs has also been recognised and rewarded in
a best possible manner by the present society.
Reference

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 59

 Government Schemes Fueling Women
Entrepreneurship in India
- Prof. Johnson Pereira
™
Abstract
This article delves into the impactful initiatives launched by
the Government of India to promote women entrepreneurship
across the nation. Recognizing the pivotal role of women in driv-
ing economic growth and innovation, the government has intro-
duced comprehensive schemes that provide financial support, skill
development, mentorship, and a conducive ecosystem for women
entrepreneurs. The article highlights key schemes such as Stand-
Up India, MUDRA Yojana, Atal Innovation Mission (AIM),
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana for Women, and Udyogini Scheme.
Each scheme’s eligibility criteria and objectives are outlined, show-
casing how these initiatives are transforming the entrepreneurial
landscape by empowering women with resources and opportuni-
ties. Through a holistic approach, the government is championing
the cause of women entrepreneurship, fostering inclusivity, inno-
vation, and sustainable economic development.
Keywords: Women Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur, Gov-
ernment Schemes and Eligibility.
Introduction
Women’s entrepreneurship has gained remarkable momen-
tum in India in recent years. Recognizing the pivotal role that
women play in driving economic growth and social progress, the
Government of India has introduced several comprehensive

60 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

schemes aimed at empowering and nurturing women entrepre-
neurs. These initiatives go beyond financial assistance, encom-
passing skill development, mentorship, and a supportive ecosys-
tem that fosters innovation and leadership. In this article, we ex-
plore some of the flagship schemes launched by the government
to promote women entrepreneurship.
1. Stand-Up India: Fueling Women-Led Enterprises
The Stand-Up India scheme, launched in 2016, is an instru-
mental initiative designed to provide financial support to women,
Scheduled Castes (SC), and Scheduled Tribes (ST) entrepreneurs.
The scheme facilitates access to loans between Rs. 10 lakh and
Rs. 1 crore for setting up greenfield enterprises in manufacturing,
services, or trading sectors. It encourages inclusivity and diversity
by ensuring that at least one woman entrepreneur is involved in
each venture. This initiative not only fosters women’s economic
independence but also drives inclusive economic growth.
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility: Scheduled Caste (SC)/Scheduled Tribe (ST)/
Women entrepreneurs. Age: 18 to 45 years.
Loan Amount: Between Rs. 10 lakh and Rs. 1 crore.
Industry: Greenfield projects in manufacturing, services, or
trading sectors. Entity: At least 51% ownership by an SC/ST/
woman entrepreneur.
2. MUDRA Yojana: Catalyzing Micro-Entrepreneurship
The Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency
(MUDRA) Yojana aims to support micro and small businesses,
including those managed by women. Through three categories—
Shishu, Kishore, and Tarun—the scheme offers loans ranging from
small to relatively larger amounts, covering a diverse spectrum of
business needs. MUDRA loans are extended through various fi-
nancial institutions and are targeted at micro-entrepreneurs, in-

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 61

cluding women, in both rural and urban areas. This initiative em-
powers women to pursue their entrepreneurial dreams and con-
tribute to local economies.
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility: All micro and small businesses, including women
entrepreneurs. Loan Categories:
Shishu: Up to Rs. 50,000. Kishore: Rs. 50,001 to Rs. 5 lakh.
Tarun: Rs. 5,00,001 to Rs. 10 lakh.
3. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): Nurturing Innovative
Spirits
The Atal Innovation Mission is a flagship initiative to foster a
culture of innovation and entrepreneurship among women and
young minds. Through its various components, such as Atal Tink-
ering Labs (ATLs) in schools and Atal Incubation Centers (AICs)
at higher education institutions, AIM provides mentorship, fund-
ing, and a conducive environment for ideation, prototyping, and
commercialization of innovations. This initiative is encouraging
more women to venture into technology and innovation-driven en-
trepreneurship.
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility: Students, young professionals, entrepreneurs,
women entrepreneurs. Components:
Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) in schools: Students from Grade
VI to Grade XII. Atal Incubation Centers (AICs): Entrepreneurs
with innovative startup ideas.
4. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana for Women: Financial
Empowerment
The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana for Women, launched as
a sub-scheme under MUDRA, focuses on women micro-entre-
preneurs. It aims to facilitate credit support through a range of

62 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

financial institutions, including banks, non-banking financial com-
panies, and microfinance
institutions. This scheme recognizes the diverse business as-
pirations of women and aims to bridge the gender gap in access to
finance, enabling them to start and expand their ventures.
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility: Women micro-entrepreneurs.
Loan Categories: Similar to the regular MUDRA scheme.
Shishu: Up to Rs. 50,000.
Kishore: Rs. 50,001 to Rs. 5 lakh.
Tarun: Rs. 5,00,001 to Rs. 10 lakh.
5. Udyogini Scheme: Skill Development and Entrepreneur-
ship Training
The Udyogini Scheme, launched by the Ministry of Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), offers financial assis-
tance alongside skill development and entrepreneurship training to
women. The scheme provides support for a variety of income-
generating activities such as manufacturing, services, and trading.
It plays a pivotal role in imparting necessary skills, enhancing con-
fidence, and nurturing the entrepreneurial spirit among women in
rural and urban areas.
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility: Women in rural and urban areas. Age: 18 to 45
years.
Industry: Manufacturing, services, trading, and agriculture
sectors. Training: Prior training from government-recognized in-
stitutions.
Conclusion
The Government of India’s schemes for promoting women
entrepreneurship embody a holistic approach, providing not only

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 63

financial support but also access to mentorship, training, and inno-
vation-driven platforms. These initiatives recognize the immense
potential that women entrepreneurs hold in shaping the country’s
economic landscape and fostering socio-economic development.
By fostering a conducive environment and empowering women
with resources, knowledge, and opportunities, these schemes are
instrumental in driving a paradigm shift in the entrepreneurship
ecosystem, empowering women to lead with innovation, resilience,
and determination.
These eligibility criteria provide a general overview. It’s im-
portant to note that specific criteria, documentation, and applica-
tion processes may vary based on the state, region, and individual
circumstances. It’s recommended that interested individuals visit
the official websites of these schemes or relevant government
authorities for precise and up-to-date eligibility information.

REFERENCE
1. Chief Electoral Officer.”Voting Percentage in Various Lok Sabha Elec-
tions”. Government of Uttarakhand, India. Retrieved 22 March 2014..
2. Altekar, A. S. (1983). Position of women in Hindu Civilization. Banaras:
The Culture publication House, Banaras Hindu University.
3. Desai, Neera. (1977). Women in modern India. Mumbai: Vora Com-
pany.
Devandra, Kiran. (1985). Status and position of women in India. With
Special Reference to Women

64 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURS
-
™
1. INTRODUCTION
Women entrepreneurs are individuals who start, manage, and
operate their own businesses, while taking on financial risks to
achieve their visions and goals. They operate in various sectors,
such as technology, manufacturing, retail, healthcare, and more.
Women entrepreneurs play a vital role in driving economic growth,
fostering innovation, and creating job opportunities.Despite facing
unique challenges such as gender bias, limited access to funding,
and balancing familial responsibilities, women entrepreneurs con-
tinue to make significant strides globally. They bring diverse per-
spectives, creativity, and resilience to the business landscape, con-
tributing to the development of vibrant and inclusive
economies.Women entrepreneurs often leverage their strengths,
including effective communication, collaboration, and empathy, to
build successful enterprises. Many also seek out mentorship, net-
working opportunities, and support systems to overcome obstacles
and navigate the complexities of entrepreneurship.In recent years,
there has been increasing recognition of the importance of sup-
porting and empowering women entrepreneurs. Governments,
organizations, and communities around the world are implement-
ing initiatives and programs aimed at providing financial assistance,
mentorship, training, and access to resources to help women en-
trepreneurs thrive.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 65

 Overall, women entrepreneurs are catalysts for positive
change, driving innovation, economic empowerment, and social
progress in their communities and beyond. As they continue to
break barriers and shatter stereotypes, their contributions to the
global business landscape are increasingly valued and celebrated.
2. IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
Financial support is crucial for women entrepreneurs for sev-
eral reasons.
x Firstly, it enables them to start and grow their businesses,
which contributes to economic growth and prosperity.
Additionally, by creating job opportunities and generating
income, women entrepreneurs play a vital role in reduc-
ing poverty and improving the overall standard of living in
their communities.
x Secondly, providing women with equal access to finan-
cial support helps bridge the gender gap in entrepreneur-
ship. Historically, women have faced systemic barriers
such as limited access to capital, networks, and
mentorship. Financial support programs can help level
the playing field and empower women to pursue their
entrepreneurial aspirations.
x Thirdly, women entrepreneurs bring diverse perspectives,
experiences, and ideas to the business world. By sup-
porting their ventures financially, society can tap into a
broader pool of innovation and creativity, leading to the
development of new products, services, and solutions that
address diverse market needs.
x Fourthly, women-owned businesses have the potential to
create significant employment opportunities. Financial
support enables women entrepreneurs to expand their

66 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 operations, hire employees, and contribute to reducing
unemployment rates, particularly in regions where job
opportunities are limited.
x Fifthly, women entrepreneurs often reinvest their profits
back into their communities, supporting local businesses,
infrastructure, and social initiatives. Financially empow-
ered women entrepreneurs can play a vital role in driving
community development and fostering sustainable growth.
x Sixthly, visible success stories of women entrepreneurs
can inspire and motivate other women and girls to pursue
their entrepreneurial ambitions. Financial support not only
enables women to succeed in their ventures but also
serves as a powerful demonstration of what is possible,
encouraging others to follow suit.
x Finally, entrepreneurship offers women the opportunity
to build wealth and financial security for themselves and
their families. By providing financial support, policymakers
and organizations can help address the gender wealth
gap, ensuring that women have equal opportunities to
accumulate assets and wealth over time.
In summary, financial support for women entrepreneurs is
essential for promoting economic empowerment, gender equality,
innovation, job creation, community development, and closing the
gender wealth gap. By investing in women-owned businesses,
society can unlock their full potential and reap the benefits of a
more inclusive and prosperous economy.
3. CHALLENGES FACED BY WOMEN ENTREPRE-
NEURS IN INDIA
Access to capital is often limited for women, as they may
have less access to formal financial institutions like banks and
may also lack collateral to secure loans. This makes it challenging

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 67

for women entrepreneurs to obtain financing for starting or ex-
panding their businesses. In addition, gender bias in the financial
sector can result in women facing discrimination when seeking
loans or investment. Some lenders may perceive women as higher-
risk borrowers or may offer less favorable terms compared to
their male counterparts.
x Moreover, many women entrepreneurs have limited fi-
nancial literacy, which can hinder their ability to under-
stand and navigate complex financial products and ser-
vices. This makes it challenging for them to access and
manage financing effectively. Societal expectations and
cultural norms may discourage women from pursuing
entrepreneurship or accessing financing independently,
as they may face pressure to prioritize family responsi-
bilities over their business aspirations.
x A significant portion of women-led businesses operates
in the informal sector, where access to formal financing
is limited. Lack of documentation, informal business struc-
tures, and reliance on cash transactions can further im-
pede access to formal financing options. Women entre-
preneurs may also be more risk-averse compared to men,
which can affect their willingness to seek financing or
invest in growth opportunities.
x Additionally, lack of assets or property to use as collat-
eral for loans makes it challenging for women to qualify
for traditional financing options. This barrier dispropor-
tionately affects women from marginalized communities
who may not have access to property ownership rights.
Women entrepreneurs may also face challenges in ac-
cessing male- dominated networks and may lack role mod-
els or mentors to guide them through the financing pro-
cess.

68 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 x Legal and regulatory barriers, such as discriminatory in-
heritance laws or property rights, can restrict women’s
access to assets and collateral. Lack of legal recognition
and protection for women-owned businesses can also
hinder their ability to access formal financing. Address-
ing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach
that involves government policies, financial institutions,
civil society organizations, and the private sector work-
ing together to promote gender-inclusive financing mecha-
nisms, improve financial literacy, and create an enabling
environment for women entrepreneurs to thrive.
4. VARIOUS FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA
In India, there are several financial support programs and
initiatives that specifically aim to empower and support women
entrepreneurs. Some of these programs are:
x MUDRA Yojana: The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana
(PMMY) scheme offers funding to non-corporate, non-
farm small/micro-enterprises. Although not exclusively
for women, it is accessible to them and provides financial
assistance through various banks, NBFCs, and MFIs.
x Stand-Up India Scheme: This scheme aims to facilitate
bank loans ranging from ?10 lakh to ?1 crore to at least
one Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) bor-
rower and at least one woman borrower per bank branch.
It is for setting up greenfield enterprises in the manufac-
turing, services, or trading sectors.
x Bharatiya Mahila Bank (BMB): BMB has merged with
the State Bank of India (SBI), but it was initially estab-
lished to provide financial services predominantly to
women. SBI still offers various schemes and loans tai-
lored to women entrepreneurs.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 69

 x Stree Shakti Package: This scheme is offered by the Small
Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and aims
to empower women entrepreneurs by providing them fi-
nancial assistance at concessional rates.
x Annapurna Scheme: This scheme provides working capi-
tal finance to women entrepreneurs engaged in food ca-
tering, snacks, and small businesses. It is facilitated by
Bharatiya Mahila Bank (BMB).
x Cent Kalyani Scheme: Central Bank of India offers this
scheme to provide financial assistance to women entre-
preneurs for setting up new ventures in small-scale in-
dustries, retail trade, village industries, and self-employ-
ment.
x Mahila Udyam Nidhi Scheme: This scheme by SIDBI
aims to provide financial assistance to women entrepre-
neurs for setting up new small-scale industrial units and
also for the expansion of existing units.
x Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP): Launched by
NITI Aayog, this platform provides networking opportu-
nities, mentorship, and funding support to women entre-
preneurs across India.
x Various State Government Schemes: Many state gov-
ernments in India have their own schemes to support
women entrepreneurs. These schemes often offer finan-
cial assistance, subsidies, and other forms of support.
These are just a few examples, and there are many more
initiatives by both the government and private institutions aimed at
supporting and empowering women entrepreneurs in India.

70 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

5. CONCLUSION
Providing financial assistance to women entrepreneurs is not
only a matter of economic empowerment but also a crucial step
towards fostering gender equality, driving innovation, and promot-
ing inclusive economic growth. Despite the numerous challenges
they face, including limited access to capital, gender bias, and cul-
tural barriers, women entrepreneurs continue to make significant
contributions to economies worldwide.Efforts to support women
entrepreneurs must be comprehensive and multifaceted, address-
ing both structural barriers and individual needs. This requires col-
laboration between governments, financial institutions, private or-
ganizations, and civil society to create an enabling environment
that empowers women to access financing, build sustainable busi-
nesses, and fulfill their entrepreneurial potential.
REFERENCE
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment
* https://www.cgap.org/blog/women-and-finance-enabling-womens-
economic-empowerment
* https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/empowering-
women-through-financial-inclusion/article65214339.ece
* https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/EDI-04-2021-
0113/full/html
By investing in women-owned businesses, society can unlock a
wealth of talent, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit, leading to
broader economic prosperity and social progress. Ultimately, finan-
cial assistance for women entrepreneurs is not just an investment in
individual businesses but a pathway to a more equitable and inclu-
sive future for all.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 71

 A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
IN CURRENT PERSPECTIVE IN INDIA
- Dhanujakshi A
™
ABSTRACT
Women empowerment in India is the most efficient tool for
improvement as these days
Women empowerment is a procedure of interior change, or
ability within improvement of potentiality, or cognition to the col-
lective mobilization of women, and when achievable, men, or quality
of quizzical and activity of dynamic dependence connected with
gender, or ability over. So, empowerment is a operation of capabil-
ity of building, directing to greater involvement and ability of deci-
sion making, power of making aware and transformation action.
Empowerment of women Handel with improving them as much
alert individuals, who are politically active, profitable productive
and independent and are able to make brilliant communication in
matters that affect them. Empowerment of women is basically
the knowledge of upliftment of economic, social and political posi-
tion of women, the traditionally deprived ones, in the society.Women
empowerment involves the capability, ability of women and they
can enhance their capacity , without men , women can face any
kind of situation. As far as their social status is concerned, they
are not treated as equal to men in all the areas. In recent era, the
women have got equal right and status with men in all walks of
life. But gender disabilities and distinguish are found in India even
today. Thus this paper will concentrate on the area of women in
the society of India in Current Perspective.
72 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY
 KEYWORDS: Women Empowerment, Education, Discrimi-
nation, challenges
INTRODUCTION
Empowerment of women affect the transformation of their
position in the family, profession and society. It ensures women’s
availability to recent development facilities and extends their par-
ticipation in social, political and economical process and making a
decision. So women empowerment is perfectly essentials in India.
The Constitution of India establishes a assembly system of gov-
ernment, and assurance its national the power to be appointive,
state of speech, freedom to participation and form equal, and
voting rights. The Constitution of India attempts to remove gen-
der inequalities by prohibiting discrimination based on Gender and
social class, induce human trafficking and forced labor, and re-
serving elected positions for women. The Government of India
oriented province and localized governments to promote equiva-
lence by social class and gender including equal earnings and
free judicial assistance, humane running situation and maternity
relief, rights to education, right to participation a n d
right to work, and increasing the standard living. Empowerment
is about change, choice and power. It is a knowledge of action by
which the individuals and groups with little or no power increase
the power and ability to make choices that affect their lives. Women
empowerment in the fields of teaching, professional level,
home and in society has been fantastic. Many steps have been
taken by the government to empower women in developing and
developing country.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To know the status of Women Empowerment.
2. Growth the mass awareness and education on women’s
peace, peace building process, women’s Rights, women’s
roles and responsibility.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 73

 3. To increase possibility of professional and personal de-
velopment of women through the provision of assistance
skills.
FEATURES OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
1. Women empowerment modify a greater degree of self-
confidence and a awareness of independence among
women.
2. Women empowerment is a activity of getting power for
women in order to realise her rights and to execute her
responsibilities towards oneself.
3. Women empowerment enables women to arrange them-
selves to growth their self- reliance.
4. Women empowerment means women’s control over the
things
5. Women empowerment abolishes all gender-based dis-
crimination in all institutions and construction of associa-
tion.
6. Women empowerment means engagement of women in
policy and decision making process at domestic and pub-
lic levels.
7. Empowerment also means equal status to women.
IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Women empowerment is a nonstop and ever-changing func-
tion which allows women to take an interest in the choice – mak-
ing in all financial, political and social process in the public and
improves their susceptibility to change the construction and condi-
tion that keep them hindered. In modern times, everyone is think-
ing about women empowerment . It’s right to say that women’s
empowerment has become the essential of the time. Women should
dominate liberty, faith, and self-worth to opt for their wants and
requirement. Women are paid less and are treated as a cook and
74 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY
slave in families, and their real potential fails to get highlighted.
Women empowerment in India is needed to overcome situations
of such types and to provide them with their independent role in
Indian society.They should have proportional rights to contribute
to society, education, economics, and politics. They are sanctioned
to increase higher education and receive a related attention as
men are receiving. Government has implement many schemes for
women and also reservation in panchayat level have been imple-
mented. Women’s will be there in all sector like professions, em-
ployees, entrepreneur, government officer etc.
FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
IN INDIA
x Gender Discrimination must be Checked- Gender
discrimination has affected the step of women empow-
erment in India. Gender discrimination in all the areas
should be checked. Women should have a right to take
any kind of decision and she has right to take active part
in decision making and has direction process to attain the
motive of empowering women.government has taken
some measures for eradicate gender discrimination.
x Educational Factor- Education is the greater vital fac-
tor of advancement of knowledge and growth of women.
It is the only important tool for anticipating empower-
ment of women in India & development of human re-
source . It gives light to the possibilities for access to
employment and making a livelihood. Education is princi-
pal factor that impact the growth of women in nation.
x Mass Media is Bringing the Transformation- The
mass media is responsible for playing a major role to
project and generate associated issues, most specifically
about women empowerment in India. The multiple pro-
grams connected to women’s status disclosed the mass

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 75

 media give her husband to behave toward her wife with
lots of respect and honor. He can remake his behaviour
and he can help her in the household work to reduce
anxiety and stress . The mass media performs a crucial
role in repairing the behaviour and way of talking of hus-
band and other family members towards women.
x Changes in Women’s Attitude- Women should em-
power themselves by enhancing to be aware of their
abuse, indicating initiative, and takeover chances to bring
a shift in their status. Empowerment should come from
within the soul. Women has to empower themselves by
generating a major variation in their attitude and behaviour.
x Organization for Awareness Programs- constitution
of India has taken some measurement to develop women
empowerment by implementing commission for women
like state and national level, Non-Governmental Organi-
zations, ICDS Programs, should undertake e- awareness,
the Team work for women & children Development
DWACRA (Concerning Development of Women & Child
in Rural Areas), women’s rights and responsibility, hu-
man rights, a procession about legal rights, education about
saving schemes, population education, environmental edu-
cation, rehabilitation programs with all quality and seri-
ousness.
CONCLUSION
Women empowerment refers to increasing the religious, gov-
ernmental, societal, educational, gender or economical property of
individuals and gathering of women. Women’s empowerment in
India is hardly dependent on many different variables that include
location like urban or rural educational position, social
position like caste and class and age. Plan of action on Women’s
empowerment survive at the state, national,

76 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 local called Panchayat levels in many sectors, and also con-
sisting health, education, economic opportunities, sex based inten-
sity and political involvement. The attainment in the field of in-
come, employment and in educational front, the premises of women
empowerment look to be relatively poor. The demand of the hour
is to determine those ambiguity or demerits which are observing
the understanding of empowerment of women and this opening
must be started from the women people itself as well as more
importantly policy initiative taken by the state and society. Women
empowerment is a powerful tool which they have
introduced and it’s a weapon for women to face any type of
problems. Now a days, in all the kind of field women are working
and their showing their willingness to do any kind of job and they
have courage, freedom to work and freedom to make decision
and freedom to participate as women entrepreneur. These struggles
have also been supported by many men who have been incensed
at unfairness against women.

REFERENCES
4. Chief Electoral Officer.”Voting Percentage in Various Lok Sabha Elec-
tions”. Government of Uttarakhand, India. Retrieved 22 March 2014..
5. Altekar, A. S. (1983). Position of women in Hindu Civilization. Banaras:
The Culture publication House, Banaras Hindu University.
6. Desai, Neera. (1977). Women in modern India. Mumbai: Vora Com-
pany.
7. Devandra, Kiran. (1985). Status and position of women in India. With
Special Reference to Women in Contemporary India. New Delhi:
Shakti Books.
8. Krishnaraj, Maithveyi. (1986). Women’s studies in India. Bombay
Popular Prakasham.
9. K. Sayulu, G. Sardar & B. Sridevi “Impact of Self-Help Groups on
Women Empowerment- An Empirical Study,” Management Re-
searcher, XI No.3 & 4, January – June 2005, p.22.

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 77

10. Census of India. “Literacy and Level of Education”. Government of
India. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
11. Gill, Amneet. “Indian Women’s Struggle for Suffrage” (PDF). Depart-
ment of History, Punjab University. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
12. Government of India.”The Constitution of India”. Ministry of Law
and Justice. Retrieved 22 March 2014.

78 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY

 Author’s Address

Ms. Nagarathna M Prof. Sandhya Kumari B

Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Department of Commerce St. Francis de Sales College
St Francis de Sales College. Electronic City PO, Bangalore
Electronic City-100, India E-Mail: sandhyakumarib@sfscollege.in
nagarathna@sfscollege.in
Mrs. Deepashree. P
Ms. Nagarathna M Assistant professor,
Assistant Professor, Department of commerce,
Department of Commerce St Francis de sales college,
St Francis de Sales College. Electronic city,
Electronic City-100, India Bangalore – 560100, India
nagarathna@sfscollege.in deepashekar2013@gmail.com

Mrs. Deepashree. P Prof. Lavin. A. Bhawnani

Assistant professor, Assistant Professor,
Department of commerce, St. Francis de Sales College
St Francis de sales college, Electronic City PO, Bangalore
Electronic city, Bangalore-560100, E-Mail: lavinbhawnani@sfscollege.in
India deepashekar2013@gmail.com
Prof. Johnson Pereira
Mrs. Sandhya Kumari.B Assistant Professor,
Assistant professor, St. Francis de Sales College
Department of commerce, Electronic City PO, Bangalore
St Francis de sales college, E-Mail: johnsonpereira@sfscollege.in
Electronic city, Bangalore-560100,
India Dhanujakshi A,
sandhyakumarib@sfscollege.in Assistant Professor,
Mrs. Ashwini .C Department of Commerce,
Assistant professor, St. Francis De Sales College,
Department of Management, Bengaluru, Electronic city,
St Francis de sales college, 8123772746,
Electronic city, Bangalore-560100, dhanujakshia@gmail.com
India
ashwini@sfscollege.in

“A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY 79

80 “A STUDY WORKPLACE HEALTH PROGRAMMES AND GENDER EQUALITY”-CONCEPTUAL STUDY