BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS)

STUDY OUTLINE
 Basic life Support and CPR
 Components of BLS
 Purposes of BLS
 Indications of BLS
 CAB approach
 Chain of Survival
 Sequence of CPR steps
 Complications of CPR
 WHAT IS BASIC LIFE SUPPORT ?

 Basic Life Support (BLS) defines

Sequences of procedures performed to
restore the circulation of oxygenated blood
after a sudden pulmonary or cardiac arrest
until they can be given full medical care at a
hospital.
 BLS does not include the use of drugs or
invasive skills.
 GLOBAL BURDEN OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST
 Approximately 700,000 cardiac arrests per year.
 Bystander CPR before arrival of emergency services –
doubles survival from sudden cardiac arrest.
 Early resuscitation can result in >60 % survival.
 BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

It can be provided by trained medical personnel,

including paramedics, and by Anyone who knows,
How To do it, anywhere, immediately, without any
other equipment.
 PURPOSES OF CPR
❑ Maintaining circulation and
oxygenation in order to maintain
a cardiac output to keep vital organs
alive.

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INDICATIONS OF CPR
 CARDIAC ARREST
 RESPIRATORY ARREST
 COMBINATION OF BOTH
AHA GUIDELINES
 The American Heart Association (AHA) is
a non-profit organization in the United States.
 They are known for publishing standards
on basic life support
 AHA revised its CPR guidelines in 2010,and
announced the sequence of CPR to be C-A-B
(Compressions-Airway-Breathing) from A-B-C
(The old model old CPR)
WHAT IS CAB APPROACH ?

 There is a common acronym in BLS

used to guide providers in the
appropriate steps to assess and treat
patients in respiratory and cardiac
distress. This is CAB-D (Circulation,
Airway, Breathing, Defibrillate)
CAB –Circulation Airway Breathing
 CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

FIVE LINKS OF ADULT CHAIN OF SURVIVAL-

•Early recognition of cardiac arrest.
•Activation of the Emergency Response System.
•Early CPR, to provide blood supply to vital organs.
•Early defibrillation to restart the heart.
•Comprehensive post-cardiac arrest care to restore
quality of life.
 ACTIONS FOR PERFORMING ADULT CPR

1 Assess scene safety.

2 Determine responsiveness

3 Check carotid pulse

4 Perform chest compressions

5 Open Airway

6 Check Breathing and deliver breathe.

SCENE 1- YOU FIND AN ADULT LYING ON
GROUND
 ASSESS SCENE SAFETY

 Assess to make sure the scene is safe for you

to respond to the down patient.
ASSESS RESPONSIVENESS

Shake the shoulder and speak to the adult

asking ARE YOU ALLRIGHT? . Look at the
chest and torso for movement and normal
breathing simultaneously.
CHECK CIRCULATION
 Check the patient for a palpable carotid
pulse for 5-10 seconds. (Do not check
for more than 10 seconds.)
SHOUT FOR HELP
SINGLE VS TWO RESCUER

SINGLE TWO
RESCUER RESCUER

ACTIVATE 1ST RESCUER-

EMS ACTIVATE
EMS AND GET
AED

GET AED
2ND RESCUER
–START CPR

START CPR
 NORMAL PULSE
AND
NORMAL BREATHING

CONTINUE TO MONITOR
UNTIL EMERGENCY
RESPONDERS ARRIVE
IF THERE IS A
NORMAL PULSE AND
ABNORMAL
BREATHING OR
GASPING PRESENT

THEN, START
RESCUE BREATHING
❑ Provide 10 rescue breaths
per minute (1 breath every
5-6 seconds).

❑ Recheck pulse every 2

minutes.
IF THERE IS NO PULSE AND
NO/ABNORMAL
BREATHING

START CPR
 CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION

▪ To start CPR, place patient in supine position on a firm

and flat surface.
▪ Kneel down to the patient and locate the position for
chest compression on person’s chest.
 LOCATION OF CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Locate the lower 1/3

of the patient’s
sternum between the
nipples in the midline
of body.
 HAND POSITIONING FOR CHEST
COMPRESSIONS
1. Lock your arms.

2. Place the heel of one

hand over the center of
the person's chest,
between the nipples.
Place your other hand on
top of the first hand.

3. Keep your elbows

straight and position
your shoulders directly
above your hands.
CONTINUED…….
 Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as
you push straight down on the chest at least 2
inches (approximately 5 centimeters) but not
greater than 2.4 inches (approximately 6
centimeters).
GOOD QUALITY CHEST COMPRESSIONS

 Press hard and fast.

 Allow for full chest recoil with each compression.
 Allow for only minimal interruptions to chest
compressions.
CHEST COMPRESSIONS
▪ Deliver 30 chest compressions initially.
▪ Push hard at a rate of 100 -120
compressions per minute.
 AIRWAY

 After initial 30 chest compressions ,assess and

establish airway.
 Give 2 rescue breaths, each lasting for 1 seconds
and assess for visible chest rise with each
breath
AIRWAY :OPEN THE AIRWAY

 After giving 30 chest compressions open victim’s

airway.
 There are two maneuvers to open the airway-

❑ HEAD- TILT CHIN-LIFT MANEUVER (Or Jaw

thrust maneuver if spinal cord injury is suspected).

❑ JAW THRUST MANEUVER

AIRWAY OPENING MANUEVER
HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT- One hand is placed on
client’s forhead and firm pressure is applied to tilt
the head backwards.
 Using 1st and 2nd finger, pressure is applied under
bony part of jaw to lift the chin forward.
JAW THRUST MANEUVER- Support the head in
the neutral position.
 Place your hands on each side of the face with
your fingertips at the angle of the jaw
(mandible).
 Gently lift the jaw to open the airway. Take
care not to tilt the neck.
BREATHING
 Once airway has been secured, rescuer delivers
breathe to keep oxygen moving through victim’s
body.
 RESCUE BREATHING
A technique used to resuscitate a person who has st
opped
breathing, in which the rescuer forces air into the
victim's lungs at intervals of several seconds.
METHODS OF RESCUE BREATHS
❑ Mouth-to-Mouth Rescue
Breathing
❑ Mouth-to-Nose and Mouth-to-
Stoma Ventilation
❑ Ventilation With Bag and Mask
❑ Ventilation With an Advanced
Airway
32
 Mouth to Mouth Breathing
❑ Use a barrier device if available.
❑ pinch the nostrils for mouth-to-mouth
breathing.
❑ Make a seal using your mouth over the mouth
of the patient or use a pocket mask or bag mask.
RESCUE BREATHING
 Each rescue breath should last approximately 1
second.
❑Watch for chest rise.
❑Allow time for the air to expel from the
patient.
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
 1 cycle of adult CPR is 30 chest
compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
 Perform 5 cycles of CPR (lasts
approximately 2 minutes).
 CONTINUE CPR

2
30
If two providers are present: switch rolls
between compressor and rescue breather every
5 cycles.
High Quality CPR
30 compressions to 2 breaths

100-120 compressions per minute

RATE AND DEPTH OF CPR
 CONTINUE RESUSCITATION UNTIL

❑ Qualified help arrives and takes over

❑ The victim starts breathing normally

❑ Rescuer becomes exhausted

 AUTOMATED EXTERNAL
DEFIBRILLATOR
An AED, or automated external
defrillator, is a device that has
the ability to detect irregular
heart rhythm and it automatically
delivers a defibrillation shock to
stop irregular heart beat and allow
a normal rhythm to resume.

AEDs are designed to be used by

any laypersons.
ATTACH PADS TO CASUALTY’S BARE
CHEST
 DEFIBRILLATION

YOU
CLEAR I CLEAR

ALL CLEAR
IF VICTIM STARTS TO BREATHE
NORMALLY PLACE IN RECOVERY
POSITION
RECOVERY POSITION
 COMPLICATIONS OF CPR

1. Rib Fracture
2. Internal injuries to
organs
3. Laceration related to
the tip of the
sternum
4. Vomiting and
aspiration
5. Gastric distension.

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 TAKE HOME MESSAGE
Taking the right action quickly and confidently can
make the difference between life and death for a
person dealing with cardiac arrest.