1.
Number Systems and Codes
1. What are number systems? Explain binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal systems
2. What is Gray code? How is it different from binary code?
3. Explain Excess-3 code and its applications.
4. What is a parity bit? Differentiate between even and odd parity.
5. Explain binary subtraction using 1’s complement.
6. How do you perform arithmetic operations in binary?
7. What is the difference between BCD and binary numbers?
8. Why are codes like ASCII and Unicode important?
2. Logic Gates
11. Define logic gates. List basic types of gates.
12. What is the truth table of AND, OR, and NOT gates?
13. How does a NAND gate act as a universal gate?
14. Implement the XOR gate using only NAND gates.
15. Compare the outputs of XNOR and XOR gates.
16. Why is the NOR gate called a universal gate?
17. What is the output of a three-input AND gate when all inputs are high?
18. How do logic gates operate with negative logic?
19. Draw a circuit diagram of a half-adder using logic gates.
20. Design a full-adder using basic gates.
3. Boolean Algebra
21. State De Morgan’s Theorems.
22. Simplify A+ABA + ABA+AB using Boolean algebra.
23. What are minterms and maxterms?
24. Explain the significance of the Karnaugh Map (K-map).
25. Simplify AB‾+ABA \overline{B} + ABAB+AB using a K-map.
26. How do you convert SOP to POS?
27. Derive the Boolean expression for a given logic circuit.
28. What is the difference between combinational and sequential circuits?
29. How is Boolean algebra applied in digital circuit design?
30. Why is Boolean algebra important in Digital Electronics?
4. Combinational Circuits
31. Explain the working of a multiplexer.
32. What is the function of a demultiplexer?
33. Design a 4-to-1 multiplexer.
34. What are encoders and decoders? Provide examples.
35. Explain the difference between a priority encoder and a simple encoder.
36. Describe the working of a parity generator.
37. What is the application of a comparator in digital electronics?
38. Design a circuit for a 2-bit magnitude comparator.
39. Explain the use of multiplexers in communication systems.
40. What are the applications of combinational circuits?
5. Sequential Circuits
41. What is a flip-flop? Name its types.
42. Differentiate between SR and JK flip-flops.
43. What is the significance of the D flip-flop?
44. Explain the working of a T flip-flop.
45. How is a master-slave flip-flop designed?
46. What are the applications of flip-flops in real-time systems?
47. Explain the concept of clocking in flip-flops.
48. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits?
49. How does a ring counter work?
50. Describe the operation of a Johnson counter.
6. Counters and Registers
51. What is a counter in digital electronics?
52. Explain the difference between ripple and synchronous counters.
53. Design a 3-bit binary counter.
54. What are up-down counters? Provide an example.
55. How is a MOD-N counter implemented?
56. Describe the purpose of shift registers.
57. Explain the working of a parallel-in, parallel-out (PIPO) shift register.
58. What is the difference between a serial and parallel data transfer?
59. How do you convert a ring counter into a Johnson counter?
60. Explain the application of counters in digital clocks.
7. Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) and Digital to Analog Conversion
(DAC)
61. What is an ADC? List its types.
62. Explain the working principle of a Successive Approximation ADC.
63. What is the purpose of a sample-and-hold circuit in ADC?
64. What is a DAC? Describe the R-2R ladder network.
65. Compare ADC and DAC.
66. What is quantization in ADC?
67. Explain the resolution of an ADC.
68. Why is a binary-weighted DAC used?
69. How do you calculate the step size in a DAC?
70. What are the common applications of ADC and DAC?
1. Number Systems and Codes
1. Explain the process of converting (3FA)16(3FA)_{16}(3FA)16 into binary, octal, and
decimal.
2. Design a 7-bit Hamming code for the data 101110110111011011101.
3. Discuss the importance of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in digital communication
systems.
4. Compare the efficiency of BCD and Gray code in error detection and correction.
5. Design a circuit to convert a binary number into an excess-3 code.
2. Logic Gates
6. Prove that a NAND gate can implement any Boolean function with an example.
7. Design a logic circuit for the function F=AB+C‾(D+E)F = AB + \overline{C}(D +
E)F=AB+C(D+E) using only NAND gates.
8. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of CMOS technology in digital logic gates.
9. Derive the Boolean equation for a given complex logic circuit diagram.
10. What are the practical limitations of logic gates when scaling for large circuits?
3. Boolean Algebra Combinational Circuits
16. Design a 4-bit magnitude comparator circuit and explain its working.
17. Develop a 3-to-8 decoder using 2-to-4 decoders.
18. Construct a 2-bit priority encoder and explain its significance in digital systems.
19. Explain how a parity checker can be used in error detection for data transmission.
20. Design a digital circuit to implement a 2-bit binary multiplier
4. Combinational Circuits
16. Design a 4-bit magnitude comparator circuit and explain its working.
17. Develop a 3-to-8 decoder using 2-to-4 decoders.
18. Construct a 2-bit priority encoder and explain its significance in digital systems.
19. Explain how a parity checker can be used in error detection for data transmission.
20. Design a digital circuit to implement a 2-bit binary multiplier.
5. Sequential Circuits
21. Design a JK flip-flop using SR flip-flops and explain its operation.
22. Explain the working of a 3-bit synchronous counter with a suitable example.
23. Design a finite state machine (FSM) for a sequence detector that identifies "101" in an
input stream.
24. Discuss the significance of setup time, hold time, and propagation delay in flip-flops.
25. Explain how a D flip-flop is used in data storage applications.
6. Counters and Registers
26. Design a 4-bit synchronous up-down counter and explain its working with timing
diagrams.
27. How can a Johnson counter be used to implement a sequence generator? Provide a
design.
28. Develop a serial-in serial-out (SISO) shift register and explain its application in data
communication.
29. Discuss the challenges and solutions in implementing high-frequency counters.
30. Design a MOD-6 asynchronous counter using T flip-flops.
