Nursing Sociology

Nursing Sociology

GS Purushothama MA MPhil
Senior Lecturer and Head
Department of Sociology
Vijaya Evening College
RV Road, Basavanagudi
Bengaluru, Karnataka
India

Foreword
S Harish

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Nursing Sociology
© 2010, GS Purushothama

All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.

This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by author is original.
Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will
not be held responsible for any inadvertent error (s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters
are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.

First Edition: 2010

ISBN 978-81-8448-934-7
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at
 To
My Teacher
Late Dr M Shadaksharaaradhya MA PhD
Professor (Retd)
The National College
Jayanagar
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
 Foreword

It is heartening to write the foreword for this book on Nursing

Sociology written by Prof GS Purushothama who is heading the
Department of Sociology, Vijaya Evening College, Bengaluru,
Karnataka, India. As a teacher in Sociology, he is very
informative, industrious, investigative in the area of his
profession. His vast experience in the field has resulted in the
birth of a book on Nursing Sociology.
This book gives us an insight to the society in which we are
born, educated, occupied, experienced as an individual, social
process, social group, family, marriage, system, community,
and the environment in which social changes, control are
influenced on an individual. This has been told in a very simple,
lucid language which can be easily understood by any person
without any problem. This book though prepared as per the
syllabus of Rajiv Gandhi Health University, can be extended to
be used by others also to know the society and its constituents
which has a great influence on the individuals.
It is the aim of the book to help the reader in understanding
what society is and developing skills to deal effectively with
the same by analyzing and interpreting the changes, cultures,
etc. for being a responsible person for having born on this Earth.
I assure that all the readers will be benefited a lot through this
book.

Prof S Harish MCom MBA MPhil

Principal
Vijaya Evening College
Basavanagudi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
 Preface

Indeed, it is a great pleasure to present the book Nursing

Sociology, which is framed according to the Rajiv Gandhi Health
University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. As a lecturer in
Sociology, I can modestly claim my familiarity with this subject
using the years of experience and knowing the needs of the
student. I have attempted to condense the vast storehouse of
information.
The chapters have been prepared to cover all the topics
mentioned in the syllabus. The book is very objective, simple
and easy to understand. I feel that book will prove to be useful
to the teachers and students. My dependency on other authors
is varied in form, limitless in range and often deep in feelings
and may not list and acknowledge the contribution of all to
this book. I express my gratitude to them for providing a base
for writing and apologies for any distortion that may have crept
in.
I am highly grateful to BHS, Higher Education Society for
providing an opportunity to serve in Vijaya Evening College,
RV Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka. I am also grateful to Prof
S Harish, Principal; BV Ravi, Librarian, Vijaya Evening College,
Bengaluru, Karnataka; Keshavamurthy, Chief Librarian,
Jayadeva Institute of Cardiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, my
colleagues, friends, students and my kith and kin for their
encouragement and support.
My thanks are also due to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd and staff members for publishing this book.
A book, such as this will always have scope for improvement
and for suggestion, criticism and comments received from its
readers will greatly help me in preparing its subsequent edition.

GS Purushothama
 Contents

1. Sociology .......................................................................... 1
• Definitions 1
• Nature 6
• Scope 12
• Importance 25
• Uses in Nursing 28
2. Man and Society ............................................................. 30
• Society 30
• Community 33
• Association 36
• Institution 37
• Culture 40
• Socialization 46
• Theories of Socialization 51
3. Social Processes ........................................................... 56
• Cooperation 57
• Competition 60
• Accommodation 63
• Assimilation 67
• Conflict 71
4. Social Groups ................................................................ 77
• Factors of Group Life 78
• Primary Groups 81
• Secondary Groups 83
• Quasi Groups 85
• Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 85
• Reference Groups 87
• Unorganized Groups 89
• Crowd 90
• Audience 91
• Mob 93
• Public as an Unorganized Group 95
xii Nursing Sociology

5. Family and Marriage ...................................................... 97

• Basic Needs of the Family 98
• Nature 99
• Functions 99
• Types of Family 103
• Hindu Joint Family 105
• Nuclear Family 122
• Marriage 125
• Group Marriage 131
• Marriage Restrictions 132
• Family Disorganization 137
• Divorce 140
• Avoidance of Family Tension and Divorce 145
6. Rural Community in India ........................................... 149
• Villages 149
• Rural-Urban Differences 152
• Problems of Village Communities 156
• Rural Reconstruction 162
• Panchayat Raj 168
7. The Urban and Regional Community ......................... 175
• Urbanization 175
• Regionalism 180
8. Social Stratification ..................................................... 183
• Meaning and Definitions 183
• Caste System in India 185
• Traditional Features of Caste 189
• Caste in Ancient Period 197
• Caste in Medieval Period 199
• Caste in British Rule 200
• Caste in Independent India 207
• Merits of Caste System 212
• Demerits of Caste System 214
• Social Class 215
• Social Mobility 217
 Contents xiii

9. Social System .............................................................. 220

• Social Organization 222
• Status and Role 223
10. Race .............................................................................. 230
• Determination 231
• Classification 232
• Racial Prejudice 235
11. Population .................................................................... 238
• Social Problems 238
• Population Explosion 240
• Population Problem in India 248
• Evil Effects of Population Explosion 253
• Solution to Over Population 256
• Family Planning in India 259
• India’s Population Policy 260
12. Social Control .............................................................. 267
• Definitions 267
• Nature 268
• Need 268
• Social Norms 269
• Social Sanction 272
• Social Control 273
• Folkways 275
• Mores 276
• Values 279
• Habits 282
• Custom 283
• Law 287
13. Social Change .............................................................. 293
• Meaning and Definitions 293
• Characteristics 294
• Factors 299
• Theories 305
• Industrialization and Urbanization 313
• Drug Abuse and Drug Addiction 319
xiv Nursing Sociology

• Juvenile Delinquency 328

• Beggary 333
14. Effects of Environment on the Individual .................. 335
• Environment and Adaptation 335
• Poverty 337
• Unemployment and Underemployment 337
• Health and Sanitation 338
• Untouchability 339
• Child Marriage 341
• Prostitution 342
• Dowry 344
• Problem of Child Labors 345
• Social Security in India 360

Bibliography ................................................................................ 363

Index ............................................................................................ 365