THE GARDENER - YOU LEFT ME – RABINDRANATH COROMANDEL FISHERS – Sarojini Naidu 4- how 8- “AN INTRODUCTION” as a CONFESSIONAL 2-How AMBEDKAR

UCTION” as a CONFESSIONAL 2-How AMBEDKAR Compare the REVELUTION led

TAGORE -How the IMAGES & DICTION used in the does the Poet Relate the PLIGHT OF FISHERMEN POEM An Introduction by Kamala Das is a by the UNTOUCHABLES in MAHAD with that of
poem reflects the THEME of the poem The images with the FREEDOM STRUGGLE IN INDIA Sarojini confessional poem.Confessional poetry is primarily FRENCH REVELUTION The revolution led by the
and diction used in the poem excellently reflect the Naidu was a patriot who did a lot for the freedom preoccupied with the personal lives of the poets. It untouchables in Mahad has no parallel in the
theme of the poem. The theme is: Time is short, struggle of India. In 1925 she was elected the explores the inner feelings of the poet. In the history of India. If we look for another meeting of
and life is transient.First we see a lover who has the President of the Indian National Congress.She confessional poems the private life of the poet this kind we have to go back to 138 years ago to
desire to mourn for his lost love.She has just worked closely with great leaders like Mahatma himself/herself,especially under stress of France. On 24 January 1789, King Louis XVI
walked away breaking the speaker's heart.He Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru & Gopal Krishna psychological crisis, becomes a major theme. convened the French National Assembly.This
wants to place her picture in his heart &decorate it Gokhale,She was sent to jail by the British more Confessional poetry is the poetry of introspection, Assembly sent the King and Queen of France to the
with a golden song.But then he realizes that time is than once for her active participation in freedom self. analysis, self-expression and self-revelation. A guillotine.It killed the aristocrats and sent their
short and he can't go on regretting the past.Then struggle After the arrest of Gandhi and Nehru,she confessional poet more often takes the reader into survivors into exile. It confiscated the estates of
we have the days of spring. Flowers bloom was in full charge of the Quit India Movement in confidence about his/her personal and private the rich and plunged Europe into a war for 15
everywhere.But soon they fade.We can see the 1942 .The job of the fishermen is not an easy one. life,and unravels those facets of life which an years. This Assembly has been much accused by
beautiful picture of a dew drop resting on a lotus They have to wake up early in the morning. Usually ordinary man, though. that person is a poet, would the historians. But they had not seen the great
leaf.We can also have a glimpse of the rainy in the morning here are no strong winds. Then they keep strictly to himself/herself because of the achievements of this Assembly. Those
season. We feel the rain and then we realize it is gather their nets from the shore and enter the intricate nature of those facets.A confessional poet achievements served not only France but the
going away with quick steps. They come and they boats. They untie their boats from their moorings has to shed all of his/her reservations and write entire Europe. If there is peace and prosperity in
go. We can see the picture of the lover sitting in a and they row towards the deeper sea to collect the things in straightforward manner and in a candid Europe today,it is because of this Assembly which
corner, reminiscing his lost love. He is happy with fish.Their life is full of risk in the sea. The way. He or she thus flouts the restrictions and brought new principles for the organization of
the nostalgic feelings. Although he lost his lover, catamarans could capsize in the storms or mighty restraints which the social/ethical code and the society. To appreciate the work of the French
the thoughts about her still fill him with joy and waves.They could be driven against the rocks customs of society place upon him/her. Kamala Nahondhosendly, we should know how the French
satisfaction. He does not want to be consoled as he jutting into the sea They are in danger from the Das is primarily a confessional poet, and in this society was at that time. The Hindu Society is based
seems to be pleased with his situation.Then we see sharks and other dangerous sea creatures. But in context, she may be regarded as a remarkable on castes. France had three classes - the high class
a fresh lover coming to him. She looks into his spite of these risks, they call the sea their mother Indo-Anglian poet comparable to the American comparable to the Brahmins, the middle class like
eyes.The poet is energised once again. We can see and they feel safe in the hands of the sea god.India poets such as Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath. Like our Kshatriyas and the class that consisted of all
him wiping his tears and changing the tune of his is like a catamaran that is tied down.It has no other confessional poets, such as Sylvia Plath, Emily the others.
song.The language used in the poem is very simple. freedom to move. The British are keeping her Dickinson, Emily Bronte,Anne Sexton and Maya 3 – Describe AMBEDKAR’S ALLUSION to ANCIENT
Since it is a prose poem, there are no rhymes.There under their strict control.People have no freedom Angelou,Kamala Das makes her own life,her personal ROME to Explain SOCIAL INEQUALITY
emotional experiences,disillusionment & frustrations the
is an excellent metaphor in "spring days are to think &do things of their choice. So there is a centre of her poetry
In ancient Rome the patricians were considered
fugitive". The dewdrop on the lotus flower is a fine great need to free the country so that they can enjoy the gifts upper class. The plebeians were lower class. All the
the motherland offers to her sons. But now the wealth of the
- AN OLD WOMAN - ARUN KOLATKAR 9-
piece of imagery. There is onomatopoeia in MISERABLE PLIGHT OF OLD WOMAN IN THE power was with the patricians and they mistreated
mother is looted by the British. The children of Mother India
"pattering feet"April is pictured like a careless look helplessly as she is exploited. POEM India has many beggars, most of whom are the plebeians. The plebeians then insisted that the
youth who scatter his kisses all around. There is old. If you go to any temple city or other places of laws must be written down for the information of
repetition of the line "Time is short."Rabindranath pilgrimage, you will see a number of beggars with all and for facilitating justice. The patricians agreed
Tagore is a world renowned poet and he has their begging bowls in those places. Often they are and a chart of 12 laws was written down. But this
certainly made his images and diction reflect the an eye-sore. Although the governments try to keep did not help the plebeians much to get rid of their
theme of the poem. 5-The ALLEGORICAL & METAPHORICAL the beggars away from public places, they continue worries, because the officers who enforced the law
MEANINGS IN THE POEM The poem "Coromandel to frequent these places. They concentrate on the were patricians. The chief officer, called the
Fishers" by Sarojini Naidu has some allegorical and holy places because people go there to pray and tribune, was also a patrician. So, even though the
metaphorical meanings. As a literary device, an give their offerings to the deities. As part of their laws were uniform, there was partiality in their
2-THE TREATMENT OF LOVE & NATURE IN THE allegory is a narrative in which a character, place, good work, people also give alms to the poor. This enforcement.Then the plebeians said there must
POEM Rabindranath Tagore has written beautifully or event is used to deliver a broader message makes the beggars throng to such places. In the be two tribunes, one elected by them and the
about love and nature in his poem "You Left Me". about real-world issues and occurrences. In the poem we see someone walking in the temple town other by the patricians. The patricians agreed.The
His love for the woman who has left him is still poem, Sarojini Naidu speaks about the freeing of of Jejuri in Maharashra. An old woman grabs his plebeians thought their misery would be over and
strong in his mind. He was planning to mourn for catamerans by the fishermen so that they can go in sleeve and tells him that she will take him to the they rejoiced But their joy did not last long.There
her and place her picture in his heart,adorning it them and catch the fish. The freeing of catamarans horseshoe shrine for just fifty paise. The man has was a tradition in Rome that nothing should be
with a garland of a golden song.But soon he indirectly tells us about the need to free India already seen the place and so he is not interested. done without the favourable verdict of the oracle
realizes that time is short&he can't go on mourning which is under the yoke of the British. Only if we But the woman is insistent and she is not ready to at Delphi. If a tribune is chosen and the Oracle
for the lost things.His love is kindled again.In the free her, can we gather the wealth she contains leave him. She continues walking with him. She refuses to approve him, another person had to be
last stanza we see him sitting in a corner & thinking and utilise them to satisfy our needs. But now they does not let him go. The man then turns to her with elected. The priest who put the question to the
& writing in rhymes that the woman he loved was are exploited by the foreign rulers.Allegory can an air of finality and wants to ask her to leave him and go oracle was required by religious custom to be one
all his world. He says it is heroic to hug one's also be detected in the descriptions of the beauties away without bothering him. When he turns to her to say to born of parents married in the mode of Romans. It
sorrow and determine not to be consoled. But then go away, he hears her saying something was called ."conferatio".
of nature. Here the poet depicts India as a paradise
he sees a fresh face peeping across his door and with beautiful sights and sounds. The coconut 4- The THEME of UNTOUCHABLITY Expalined in
raises her eyes to meet his eyes.He is energized glades and the sweet smelling mango groves AMBEDKAR’S SPEECH at MAHAD untouchability
once again.He wipes away his tears&changes the remind us of the paradise. The sands on the was a cancer that was eating into the vitals of the
tune of song.He knows time is short & he can't go THE COUNTRY WITHOUT A POST OFFICE – Agha Hindu society at the time when Ambedkar made
seashore glittering in the moon present a
on regretting the past.A new love has begun to Shahid Ali 10 - The WOEFUL TALE of the people of his speech at Mahad. The Hindus were divided
captivating sight. The spray and foam of the waves
germinate in his heart.Love is a continuous thing.It as they kiss the shores lift us to the Sustasy of heavenly bliss.
KASHMIR with Reference to the Poem The poem according to the sacred tradition into 4 castes, but
does not die so easily.Tagore has treated nature Our India is nothing less than a paradise. Sarojini Naidu is a "The Country without a Post Office" by Agha according to custom into 5 – Brahmins, Kshatriyas,
quite elaborately describing the various seasons poet that belonged to an era of struggle, slavery,and freedom Shahid Ali gives a vivid picture of the woeful tale of Vaishyas, Shudras and Atishudras. Castes are of
and its sights and sounds We can see the spring fighting. the people of Kashmir.Agha Shahid Ali was brought unequal rank. As it goes down it becomes meaner
season.The spring days are fugitive and the flowers AN INTRODUCTION - KAMALA DAS 6-MAJOR up in Kashmir and so he has very sweet memories than the one before. Each caste is assigned
die quickly as the hot summer comes.Life is THEMES IN THE POEM In her famous poem"An of Kashmir because Kashmir was called the boundaries which it must not cross. There are
compared to a dewdrop on a lotus leaf.It is so Introduction" by Kamala Das, she explores Paradise on Earth because of its scenic beauty. It prohibitions in intermarriage, interdining,
unstable,unpredictable.Then we can see the different themes. They include feminism, equal acquired that name because of its resemblance interdrinking and social intercourse. Strenuous
monsoon.There are rainy nights& rain makes noise rights, freedom,and marriage. This poem is a very with the Garden of Eden described in religious and efforts are made to maintain the prohibitions. The
as the water falls on different objects.But that also clear feminist statement that advocates for free folk texts. The abundance in nature and natural caste Hindus feel that if they are relaxed the
disappears soon as if running away from some choice for all women. This is in regard to every resources make Kashmir the muse of multiple inequality settled by religion will break down and
approaching danger. aspect of life, but the poet puts a special emphasis historical references in literature and memoirs. equality will take its place. The caste Hindus
WHERE THE MIND IS WITHOUT FEAR – GITANJALI on marriage. She compares & contrasts the roles of Emperor Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb made Srinagar prevent the untouchables from drinking the water
- RABINDRANATH TAGORE - “IDEA OF FREEDOM“ men and women in society and explains for the as their summer capital. A plethora of gardens was of the Mahad Lake because they don't want to
& COMPARE IT WITH THAT OF TAGORES My idea reader how her life and the rules she's forced to built by the Mughals that added an organised layer acknowledge that the untouchables are their
of freedom is quite simple and straightforward. obey infringe on her freedom.We should be able to to the free-flowing beauty of Kashmir. The many equals. Ambedkar says that they have gone there
First of all we want the political freedom to govern ask ourselves the things mentioned by her are lakes in Kashmir offer a panoramic view of the land not merely to drink the water from that Lake.
ourselves. Before 1947 we were ruled by the applicable to us or those who are near and dear to with its divergent forms of flora and fauna. But Drinking water from this lake will not make them
British and they imposed their views and policies us.She was married at a very early age to a man Kashmir is not that heaven or paradise any more. immortal. They are there to assert that they are
on us. But now we can pursue our own policies and who is much older to her. People complained when Violence has made the place a hell. Today we can also human beings. They want equality with other
programmes to suit our needs.Once we get she wrote in English. They did not like her dressing see very pathetic sights. Many houses are buried caste Hindus. Rights should be given to people on
political freedom, the next thing is the well-being like a man and then told her to be a girl and not a under the debris created by the disturbances the basis of their merits and not based on their
of the people. The well being of the people boy. At every turn of an Indian woman's life, she is SPEECH AT MAHAD - B.R. AMBEDKAR 1- birth and wealth. They should know that the
primarily depends on the availability of the three controlled by the patriarchs who tell her what to “UNTOUCHABILIY is not a simple matter;it is the prohibitions of interdining, interdhinking and
basic things in life - food, clothes and shelter.it do and what not to do. mother of all our poverty & lowliness..” - social intercourse have sprung from the
would be quite foolish to talk to man who is 7 - Discuss the Poem as a STRINGENT CRITICISM Elucidate This is a statement made Dr. B.R. prohibition of intermariage
hungry, who cannot find three meals a day for Against PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY The poem "An Ambedkar during his speech on 25 December 1927 IMAGINARY HOMELANDS - SALMAN RUSHDIE
himself, his wife and his children about a heaven of Introduction" written by Kamala Das, who is noted to the crowd protesting the prohibition against the Examine Rushdie’s resolution that “Our Identity is
freedom. He must have enough clothes and he for her Confessional Poetry, is a stringent criticism untouchables taking water from the Chavadar Lake at once PLURAL and PARTIAL” in the backdrop of
must have a place to go and rest after his hard against male patriarchy. She was married at the at Mahad. He is explaining to the audience that an INCREASINGLY AMBIGUOUS MODERN INDIA
work.Once the basic needs are fulfilled,we think of age of 15 to a man much older to her. In her own untouchability is not a simple matter and it is the Rushdie is right in saying that "our our identity is at
education. Every person should be in a position to words, her husband "drew a youth of sixteen into mother of their poverty and low status. The Hindus once plural and partial". Their identity is plural
get the kind of education he wants. The education the bedroom and closed the door". This clearly were divided according to the sacred tradition into because they have the experience of the East and
is not to be limited to the three Rs. But it should be shows that her husband had no love for her but he 4 castes,but according to custom into 5 - Brahmins, the West. It is partial because they have nether
such that one can develop his potential to the was using her as an object to satisfy his lust. "The Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras and Atishudras. there nor here tilly and naturaly they could nothae
highest point.I then would want equality in the weight of her breasts and womb crushed" her Castes are of unequal rank. As it goes down it he Hull experience of either of the two. But
society. There should be no discrimination in the because her husband was only interested in her becomes meaner than the one before. Each caste Rushdie save whal Merature is self- validating. A
name of caste. creed, region and language.Of body.In the very beginning, the poet says that she is assigned boundaries which it must not cross. book is justified not because of Ina juthiness of the
course we are given fundamental rights, but often does not know politics,But she knows the names of There are prohibitions in intermarriage, author but what has been wilton. Literature if not
these rights are only on paper. Are we all equal the politicians starting from Nehru up to her time. interdining, interdrinking and social intercourse. in the business of writing certain themes for
before the law Some people seem to be more She knows the names as she knows the names of Strenuous efforts are made to maintain the cortain groups. The real risks in any artist are taken
equal than others! We also want equality of sexes. the days of the week and the names of the months. prohibitions. The caste Hindus feel that if they are in the work, in pushing the work to the limits of
Today women are not given their proper place. Since Independence, all the Prime Ministers of relaxed the inequality settled by religion will break what is possible, so if Rushdie is to speak for Indian
Systems like dowry and patriarchy are still very India were men, apart from Indira Gandhi. She down&equality will take its place. The caste Hindus writers in England he would say that they are not
much in the society.Tagore had his idea about became the PM just because she was the daughter prevent the untouchables from drinking the water willing to be excluded from any part of their
freedom. He wanted his motherland to be a of Nehru. Here the poet is indirectly saying that of the Mahad Lake because they don't want to heritage. There are many Diaspora writers like
heaven of freedom; where the mind is without fear there is hardly any representation of women in our acknowledge that the untouchables are their Milan Kundera, a Czech writer who went into exile
and the head can be held high. There, knowledge ruling system. The poet asserts herself by saying equals. Ambedkar says that they have gone there in France in 1975, becoming a naturalised French
is free without any limits. In that heaven there are she is an Indian, brown in colour and born in not merely to drink the water from that Lake. citizen in 1981, who write about the country they
no divisions among people as there is complete Malabar. She is highly critical of the patriarchal Drinking water from this lake will not make them had left. The Indian writer looking back at India
unity. People are not divided in the name of caste, society Which forced her into marriage when she immortal. does so through guilt-tinted glasses, like Rushdie
creed, region or language. was just a teenager of does.
“WE ARE INESCAPABLY INTERNATIONAL WRITERS Sketch the CHARACTER of the ASTROLOGER in the How does Jhumpa Lahiri portray the FEMALE THE TREATMENT & ADAPTATION OF THE MYTH In
AT A TIME WHEN THE NOVEL HAS NEVER BEEN A story. The astrologer is the protagonist of the story DIASPORIC Subject Through the CHARACTER of "The Fire and Rain " "The Fire and the Rain" by
MORE INTERNATIONAL FORM” DISCUSS The "An Astrologer's Day" by the famous Indian English Mrs.Das?Mrs. Das, the heroine of the story Girish Karnad is an adaptation of the myth of
novel has become a more international form and writer R.K. Narayan. He has committed a crime. He "Interpreter of Dreams" by Jhumpa Lahiri is a Yavakri (or Yavakrita) that occurs in Chapters 135-
so naturally the novel writers too have become does not want to continue living in the village representative of a female diasporic person. She 38 of the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata. It is
international writers. Rushdie gives many following the footsteps of his ancestors who made embodies all the flaws that one could find in the narrated by the ascetic Lomasha to the Pandavas
examples to show how the novels and writers of their living by hard work in the farms. So he runs western culture. Her dress is not modest. She is as they wander across the land during the exile.
other countries have influenced various writers. away from his village and comes to the present wearing a red and white checkered skirt that One of the chief concerns of the myth of Yavakri is
Jorge Francisco Borges, an Argentine writer of town which is some 200 km away from his village. stopped above her knees, showing a good part of the dichotomy between knowledge and wisdom.
international fame, says he was influenced by In those days, travelling 200 km is something like her legs. She had close-fitting blouse styled like a In the myth, Yavakri, through shortcuts, attained
Robert Louis Stevenson in his works. Heinrich Boll, today's crossing the ocean and going abroad. To man's undershirt. The blouse was decorated at "Universal Knowledge" but failed to evolve
a German writer who won the Nobel Prize for make a living the astrologer, who knows nothing chest-level with a calico appliqué in the shape of a himself, to rise above his evil desires and thus had
Literature in 1972, acknowledges his influence of about astrology, starts his work in the new town. strawberry. She was a short, plump woman. Her a tragic end. He gained knowledge but not wisdom.
Irish literature. Cross pollination is everywhere He finds a suitable place under a tamarind tree hair was shorn only a little longer than that of her In the play by Karnad we see Yavakri going to the
Rushdie feels that he was influenced by the which is on the way to the Town Hall Park. It is a husband Das. She wears pink lipstick and matching forest and spending 10 years to pray to Indra to
Russian Novelist Nicolai Gogol, Cervantes who remarkable place in many ways: a surging crowd is nail polish. She repeatedly paints her nails. She bless him with universal knowledge. In fact before
wrote Don Quixote, Franz Kalka the always moving up and down. A variety of trades goes on munching puffed rice which she has stored he goes to the forest in his quest for knowledge, he
Czechoslovakian writer, Herman Melville, and occupations is represented all along the way: in her bag. She has much disrespect for India and is advised by his father Bhardwaja that true
American writer who wrote Moby Dick, and medicine sellers, sellers of stolen goods and junk, the Indian culture. He says Das did not hire an air- knowledge should be obtained from a guru and not
Machado de Assis, Brazilian novelist.H said he magicians, and an auctioneer of cheap cloth who conditioned car because he wanted to save a few through any shortcut. However he succeeds in
would be honoured to belong to them. Novels goes on making sounds to attract people. Next to stupid Indian rupees. This shows her contempt for getting knowledge, but he did not get wisdom
often have themes that are of universal him is a vendor of fried ground nut. India. We see how the parents of both Das and which is much superior to knowledge. He comes
significance.Peop may be dilferent in their race, LABURNUM FOR MY HEAD - TEMSULA AO "The Mina send them upstairs to play on Friday and back from the forest. He even has an urn with holy
skin colour, religion, region, language, dresses, SIMPLICITY OF LANGUAGE hides the COMPLEXITY Saturday nights, when they themselves were water that makes him invulnerable. But he does
food habits, customs and traditions. But we should of EMOTIONS& THEME " Elucidate on the basis of having tea and were chitchatting downstairs. This not have the wisdom to keep it safe. He molests
know that the human qualities are the same 'Laburnum for my Head'. The story 'Laburnum for gives Das and Tina to do anything they liked even Raibhya's daughter- in-law Vishakha and then
everywhere. Love, hatred anger, jealousy, greed, my Head' revolves around Lentina, an aged woman as they were very young. Not many Indian parents finally is killed by a demon. In the play we also have
revenge, compassion - all these powerful emotions who lived along with her family. She feels greatly would have done that! She has poorly behaved the Indra-Vritra myth. Vritra which literally means
are found in all human beings all over the world. disturbed by men's futile attempts to defy death. children, and she does not do anything to keep them under 'enveloper' is a Vedic demon. He is the
The skin of one person may be white, another She sees the marble and granite tombstones in the control. She is messy, lazy, and a bad parent She has no personification of drought. He is a great adversary
concern for the environment or her effect on it and drops her
person's black and a third person's brown and a cemetery which become dilapidated with passage rice snacks all over the ground, She represents what is often
of Indra, the lord of the rain. He is an asura. Vritra
fourth person's yellowish. But beneath all these of time as weeds and obstinate plants sprout and called the "ugly American, " a traveller who stands out in appears as a dragon blocking the course of rivers
different colours of skin, the blood is red for cover them. A person's inheritors try to preserve every situation because of her expansive sense of self- thus making the country drought-stricken.
everyone, showing its universal character. his presence in concrete structures. Thus the importance and entitlement. Her abnormal behaviour can be
Review “Imaginary Homelands”as a Personal consecrated ground becomes choked with the seen in her dating Das even when she was in high school.
They get married when they are in college.
Essay by Examining the Stream of Rushdie’s inner specimens of human conceit . Lentina has a strange
thoughts that led to the birth of his NOVEL fetish for the Laburnum tree. She couldn't have a CHARULATA - SATYAJITH RAY How does the
MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN This is what Rushdie said Laburnum in her garden during her lifetime CHARACTER of CHARULATA problematize the
about the birth of his novel "Midnight'S UHildren:. although she tried her best. Once, the laburnum presupposed ROLE OF THE CONTEMPORARY
A few years ago, he revisited Mumbai, his lost city, saplings were pulled out by the gardener along INDIAN WOMAN? Charulata is based on the story
How does COMMUNICATION become a
atter id long time. On a sudden impulse, he opened with the weeds. The second time they were eaten "Nastanirh (the Broken Nest)" by Rabindranath
SIMULTANEOUS BARRIER & OPPURTUNITY in
the telephone wipdary and looked for his father's by the straying cows. The third time they were Tagore, set in Calcutta in the late 19th century.The
"Interpreter of Maladies"? In the story "The
name. Itwas there, at their old eatess, as if they destroyed by the DDT concoction that a health Bengali Renaissance is at its peak, and India is
Interpreter of Maladies" by Jhumpa Lahiri
had nor gone to Pakistan. He fellas it he was being worker sprayed at the edges of the garden. But under British rule. The film revolves around
communication becomes a simultaneous barrier
claimed and the facts of his faraway life were mere Lentina does not give up. So she buys a plot Charulata, the intelligent and beautiful wife of
and also opportunity. The word Interpreter in the
illusions and this continuity was a reality. Then he adjacent to the cemetery and chooses a place Bhupati. He edits and publishes a political
title alludes to it. Language is central to Mr.
went to the house in the photograph that hung on where she wants to be buried With the help of her newspaper. Bhupati is an upper-class Bengali
Kapasi's second job as an interpreter of a patient's
the wall of his room in London and stood outside confidant, driver Babu, she succeeds in planting a intellectual with a keen interest in politics and the
maladies to the doctor treating the patient. The
not wishing to let the new owners know who he laburnum tree there which flowers before Lentina freedom movement.Char is interested in the arts,
doctor must rely on the linguistic abilities of the
was. The photograph was black and white. But dies. Her dream will be fulfilled to be buried under literature and poetry. Although Bhupati loves his
interpreter to let him know what bothers the
here things were different.There were red tiles, the wreaths of the yellow laburnum blossoms. wife, he has no time for her. She has little to do in
patient. The job of an interpreter is establishing
yellow-edged green of cactus leaves,and the the house run by a fleet of servants. Sensing her
communication between people who do not
brilliance of the bougainyillaea creeper. It is boredom, Bhupati invites Char's elder brother
understand one another effective. The power-and
probably right to say that his novel "Midnight's Umapada and his wife Manda to live with them.
limits-of language is further present in the
Children" was really born then. He wanted to Bring out the ECOFEMINIST CONCERN in the Umapada helps in running the magazine and the
interactions between Mr. Kapasi and the Das
restore his black and white past in cinemascope, story. The story "Laburnum for my Head" by printing press. Manda, with her silly and crude
family, as well as within the Das family itself. As all
and glorious Technicolor. Before writing Tensula Ao certainly has some ecofeminist ways, is no company for the sensitive, intelligent
of the characters struggle to express themselves
"Midnight's Children" Rushdie spent many months concerns in it. Ecological feminism is a branch of Charulata, Amal who is Bhupati's younger cousin,
meaningfully,Lahiri's story suggests the depth of
trying to recall as much of the Bombay of the 1950s eco-criticism and feminism that probes into the comes to visit them. Bhupati asks him to
the gap that often exists between language and
and 60s as he could. He also thought of Kashmir, interrelations between women and nature. encourage Char's cultural interests. Amal is young
communication.In addition to his work as an
Delhi and Aligarh. He was surprised at the many Ecofeminism generally shows the deplorable and handsome, and he is in the same age group as
interpreter, Mr. Kapasi reveals that he had a
pictures that came back to him. He could condition and victimization of women and nature Charu.He has literary ambitions and shares her
passion for languages in his youth and became
remember the clothes people wore on certain days in the patriarchal society. In her stories, Tensula A interests in poetry. He provides her with much
proficient through self-study in several languages.
and school scenes. He could recollect some of the portrays female characters that protect nature. needed intellectual companionship and attention.
He had mastered English, French,
Bombay dialogue verbatim.He remembered the They have the courage and individuality to fight or An intimate and teasing friendship develops
Russian,Portuguese and Italian in addition to Hindi
advertisements, film posters, the neon Jeep sign their liberation. She rebuilds the role of women in between Charulata and Amal. There is a hint of
Bengali, Oriya and Gujarati. As a young man, Mr.
on Marine Drive, toothpaste ads for Binaca and the Naga society through her writings. Here we see rivalry when she publishes a short story on her own
Kapasi's interest in languages was motivated by his
Kolinos. He could recollect the footbridge over the Lentina discarding the old practice of erecting without his knowledge, following his publishing of
belief in the nobility of translation as an
local railway line headstones of marble and granite and planting a a poem that she had forbidden him from getting
occupation. He once dreamt of serving as an
laburnum tree which will enhance the beauty of published. He realizes that Charulata is in love with
interpreter to diplomats and dignitaries and
nature. Instead of desecrating the hallowed land, him, but he is reluctant to reciprocate due to his
thereby helping to resolve conflicts between
the cemetery, with concrete, marble and granite, relation with Bhupati who is his cousin
people and nations. Mr. Kapasi's youthful passion
she does something that is nature-friendly. in the "The BENGALI RENAISSANCE Renaissance was
points to his idealistic belief in the power of
patriarchal society women are always mistreated essentially a bourgeoisie MALE FANTASY backed
language' as an instrument of communication and
and they are considered like goods to be by wealth, lofty ideals and self-indulgence."
reconciliation
INTERPRETER OF MALADIES - JHUMPA LAHIRI possessed. The patriarchs think that the duty of Discuss on the basis of Satyajit Ray's "Charulata"
THE FIRE & THE RAIN - GIRISH KARNAD "The Fire
"Interpreter of Maladies" reflects "the TRAUMA women is just to stay home looking after the The Bengali Renaissance was essentially a
and the Rain" involves a CLASH OF EGOS,
of SELF TRANSFORMATION through welfare of the husband and children and doing all bourgeoisie male fantasy backed by wealth, lofty
REVENGE, MISUSE OF KNOWLEDGE & FRAGILITY
IMMIGRATION " which results in a "Series of kinds of household chores. I think religions have a ideals and selfindulgence. This can be very well
big role in perpetrating the myth of the inferiority of women.
OF HUMAN NATURE , Discuss. "The fire and the
BROKEN IDENTITIES that form multiple seen in the film "Charulata" by the famous Bengali
I don't think any religion teaches the concept of equality of Rain" by Girish Karnad certainly involves clash of
ANCHORAGES." Discuss. The story "Interpreter of Film Director Satyajit Ray. The main characters in
women. Customs and conventions try to confine women to ego, revenge, misuse of knowledge and fragility of
Maladies" by Jhumpa Lahiri certainly reflects the four walls of the home
the film are Bhupati and his wife Charulata.
human nature.The play The Fire and The Rain is
trauma of self transformation through AN ASTROGER’S DAY - R.K NARAYANAN "R.K. Charulata is a cultured, beautiful and intelligent
based on the myth of Yavakrita,extracted from the
immigration. This results in a series of broken Narayan typically protrays the PECULIARITIES of wife. Bhupati is interested in the freedom
chapters 135- 138 of the Vana Parva of the
identities that form multiple anchorages. It is so HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS and the IRONIES of movement and social reform. He is the editor and
Mahabharata. According to the myth, Yavakri a
because these immigrants are caught between Indian daily life, in which MODERN URBAN publisher of a newspaper. He has absolutely no
sage who had attained universal knowledge from
different cultures. Very often they do not even existence clashes with ANCIENT TRADITION " time for his wife. So he asks Charulata's brother
Indra has a burning desire to revenge on his uncle,
know to which culture they owe their loyalty.The Elucidate It is very true that R.K. Na Narayan Umapada and his wife Manda to stay with them.
Raibhya's family. Yavakri's father Bharadwaja and
end result is that they absorb the bad traits of both typically portrays the peculiarities of human Umapada takes up a job in the printing press. But
Raibhya were brothers.They were equally learned,
the cultures - the culture of their homeland and the relationships and the ironies of Indian life, in which Manda is very unsophisticated and is not a suitable
but Raibhya was getting more recognition among
culture of the land to which they immigrate. We modern urban existence clashes with ancient companion to Charulata, Charulata is interested in
the two. This makesVavakri angry because he feels
can see these differences in the family of Das. The tradition in his story "An Astrologer's Day" the arts, poetry and literature. Meanwhile,
that his father is not getting the due recognition he
parents of Das migrated to England from Calcutta. Circumstances compel the astrologer to leave his Bhupati's handsome young cousin Amal visits
deserves. Yavakri then went to the forest and
From England they went to America. Both Raj Das small village stealthily. We see the hard life of the them. Bhupati asks him to stay with them to
prayed to Indra to grant him the ultimate
and his Tina Das were brought up in America. In villagers Who till the land and cultivate corn to eke encourage Char's cultural interests. Amal who is
knowledge. Bharadwaja tried to stop his son,
appearance they are like Indians, but in their out a living for themselves. Alter running away the same age with Charu shares her literary and
saying that knowledge should be obtained from a
attitudes and behaviour they are like foreigners. from his village, the protagonist of the story Makes political interests and gives her companionship.
guru and not through any short cut. After 10 years
We see the impact of cultural displacement even in his living in the new town by pretending to be an Soon an intimate friendship develops between
of severe penance and prayers, Yavakri returns
the dresses worn by the Das family members. We astrologer. The astrologer lays out all of his them. But there is also some rivalry between them
with success. He is proud of his omnipotence. He
see that in the relations between parents and professional equipment, which includes a dozen as she published a short story in response to a
molested Raibhya's daughter-in-law. The angry
children. The children constantly chew gum. They cowrie shells, a square piece of cloth with some poem Amal published. Amal soon realizes that
Raibhya invoked the 'kritya' spirit from which he
are given freedom to do the things they want to mystery charts on it, a notebook, and a bundle of Charu is in love with him, but he can't reciprocate
created a demon and a woman looking like his
do. In India children are brought up in strict Palmyra writings. His forehead is dabbed with it as he is the cousin of Bhupati, Umapada and his
daughter-in-law. He sent both of them to kill
discipline. In America, beating children is an sacred ash and vermilion and his eyes sparkle with wife cheat Bhupati and they run away with his
Yavakri The demon kills Yavakri. We also see the
offence and parents who give corporal punishment a sharp abnormal gleam. Many people mistake the money. The newspaper and the press are
inter-caste love between Aravasu and Nittilai, a
to children will be jailed. Corporal punishment to piercing glare of his eyes for intelligence and the destroyed. Bhupati tells Amal that he is the only
tribal girl. Aravasu is a Brahmin by birth but he is
children is a non-bailable offence. But in India we rare ability to tell the future, but really, he is good fond of singing, dancing and acting. Dancing and acting are
one he can trust. Amal feels guilty and so he goes
still follow the dictum "Spare the rod, spoil the only at getting some money from gullible considered low-caste activities and Brahmins are forbidden away from Bhupati's house to get married and go
child." Adolescent behaviour in the West is quite customers. from doing them. Aravasu is ready to give up his high birth to England for higher studies.
different from what we see in India. for the sake of his art and love.