Name: __ Class: Date: ID: A

Biology Chapter 12 Test: Molecular Genetics

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

1. RNA polymerase has to bind to DMA for an enzyme to be synthesized.

2. The only function of RNA polymerase is to control niRNA synthesis in eukaryotcs.
3. One strand of a double-stranded DNA helix is oriented in the 5' (carbon of the deoxyribosc molecule) to 3'
direction, while the complementary strand it is bonded to is oriented in the 3' to 5' direction.
4. The central dogma means that environmental factors have no influence on the transcription and translation of
genes.
5. The enzymes involved in DNA replication are named for the tasks they perform.
6. DNA nucleotides are always added to an existing strand at the 3-priinc end. This means that during
replication a leading and lagging strand arc created.
7. DNA is a structurally simpler molecule than protein.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

8. Which series is arranged in order from largest to smallest in size?

a. chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide
b. cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide
e. nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus
d. cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome
Name: ID: A

Figure 12-2

9. In which part of the cell does this process shown in Figure 12-2 take place?
a. in the nucleus c. at the ribosomes
b. in food vaeuolcs d. on the chromosome
10. Structure III in Figure 12-2 represents a(n) .
a. gene c. codon
b. ainino acid d. DNA molecule
! 1. The process illustrated in Figure 12-2 is called .
a. translation c. monoploidy
b. replication d. transcription
2. Which of the structures in Figure 12-2 arc composed of RNA?
a. II and IV c. I and V
b. I l l and IV d. I l l and V
Name: II): A

Help Wanted
Positions Available in the genetics industry. Hundreds of entry-level openings for
tireless workers. No previous experience necessary. Must be able to transcribe code
in a nuclear environment.
Accuracy and Speed vital for this job in the field of translation. Applicants must
demonstrate skills in transporting and positioning ami no acids. Salary
commensurate with experience.
Executive Position available. Must be able to maintain genetic continuity through
replication and control cellular activity by regulation of enzyme production.
Limited number of openings. All benefits.
Supervisor of production of proteins—all shifts. Must be able to follow exact
directions from double-stranded template. Travel from nucleus to the cytoplasm is
additional job benefit.

Table 12-1

13. Applicants for the fourth job of the I lelp Wanted ad in Table 12-1, "Supervisor," could qualify if they were

a. DNA c. tRNA
b. mRNA d. rRNA
14. Applicants for the third job of the Help Wanted ad in 'fable 12-1, "Executive Position," could qualify if they
were .
a. DNA c. tRNA
b. mRNA d. rRNA
15. A DNA segment is changed from-AATTAG- to -AAATAG-. This is a _.
a. frameshifl mutation
b. substitution
c. insertion
d. deletion
Name: ID: A

Start

leu - A/a - His - Cys

Figure 12-3

16. What type of mutation has occurred in Figure 12-3?

a. substitution c. lethal
b. frameshift d. insertion
17. What will be the result of the mutation in Figure 12-3?
a. it will have no effect on protein function
b. only one amino acid will change
c. nearly every amino acid in the protein will be changed
d. translation will not occur
18. A DNA segment is changed from -AATTAGAAATAG- to -ATTAGAAATAG-. This is a _ .
a. frameshift mutation
b. insertion
c. inversion
d. translation
19. A particular sequence of parent DNA has four purine bases and two pyrimidinc bases. According to
base-pairing rules, which of the following sequences could be formed during replication?
a. two cytosine, two adenine, two thy mine
b. two cytosine, two adenine, two uracil
c. two adenine, two thy mine, one guanine, one cytosine
d. two adenine, two guanine, two cytosine
20. Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?
a. protein synthesis, transcription, translation
b. protein synthesis, translation, transcription
c. transcription, translation, protein synthesis
d. translation, transcription, protein synthesis
2 1 . This is a template DNA sequence: 3'AATCGC5'. This is a partially-completed mRNA strand transcribed
from the DNA template: 3'GCGA5'. What is the next nucleotide that RNA polymcrase w i l l attach?
a. A c. T
b. C d. U
Name: II): A

22. Using DNA sequencing, you discover that a bacterium has experienced a deletion mutation that removed
three nucleotides. The bacterium appears completely unaffected in all its functions. Where is the mostly
likely location for the mutation?
a. an exon c. a promoter
b. an intron d. a represser

Adenine Cytosine
Sample 1 34% 16%
Sample 2 16% 34%
Sample 3 33% 17%

Table 12-2

23. Three samples of DNA contain the percentages of nitrogenous bases listed in Table 12-2. According to
Chargaffs law, which two samples probably belong to the same species?
a. 1 and 2
b. I and 3
e. 2 and 3
d. cannot tell without data on guanine and thymine
24. The template strand of a piece of DNA being replicated reads: 5'-ATAGGCCGT-3'. A partially synthesized
Okazaki fragment is 5'CCTA3'. If the next fragment is four bases long, what is its first base?
a. A c. G
b. C d. T
25. DNA replication of a leading strand involves which enzymes?
a. primase, polymcrase c. helicase, priinasc, ligasc
b. primase, polymcrase, ligasc d. helicase, primase, polymerase, ligase