काल हर, कष्ट हर, दुख हर, दरिद्र हर, हर हर महादेव 🔱

We were given a total number of nodes and edges connecting each node, we had to find the sum of
ceil(sqrt(no. of nodes )) in each graph.

Given two binary images (binary Matrices) find the largest submatrix that matches in both the
images.

Introduce yourself.

Good morning myself kuhu rawat .i am an enthusiastic and determined girl I'm currently a third-year
Computer Science student. I have done my schooling from bluebells school international and laxman
public school ,delhi. My interest include singing ,learning new things interacting with people. I'm excited
to be here today and really looking forward to this day

Where do you see yourself in 5 years?

In five years, I see myself as a skilled and experienced worker within this organization. I'm excited
about the opportunity to contribute continued growth and success of the company. I plan to achieve
this by consistently delivering exceptional results and taking on increasing responsibilities within my
role.

What do you know about BNY Mellon?

A situation where you exceeded your own expectations.

Summer Internship (Off-Campus)

1. Coding Question: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/count-ways-express-number-sum-
consecutive-numbers/
2. Basic java input-output questions related to operators.
3. Language preferred, and the reason for it. Difference between java and c++.
4. Difference between method overloading and overriding.
5. Super keyword in java and its uses.
6. Do you know how the code is actually deployed on machines in the real world?
An SQL Query
2 logical puzzles – https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/egg-dropping-puzzle-dp-11/
1. What is a tuple in python?
2. SQL queries
3. What are cookies?
4. What is scope in a programming language?
5. Explain outer join in DBMS
6. Run time polymorphism
7. Inner class vs sub class
8. Interface vs abstract class
9. Design a DBMS for the School attendance System
10. What actions have you taken to achieve your long and short-term goals so far?
When asked about the actions you've taken to achieve your long and short-term goals, it's an
opportunity to highlight your determination, planning, and your commitment to personal and
professional development. Here's a sample response:

"I've always been a goal-oriented individual, and I've taken several actions to work towards
both my long-term and short-term goals. These actions have included:

1. **Setting Clear Goals:** I start by defining my long-term and short-term goals, both in my
personal and professional life. I ensure that these goals are specific, measurable, achievable,
relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

2. **Creating Action Plans:** For each goal, I create a detailed action plan that outlines the
steps I need to take to reach them. This includes setting milestones and deadlines to track my
progress.

3. **Continuous Learning:** I understand the importance of education and skills development.

I've pursued courses and certifications to enhance my knowledge and expertise in areas
relevant to my goals.
 4. **Networking:** Building relationships and connecting with professionals in my field has
been crucial. I actively seek opportunities to network, attend industry events, and engage with
mentors.

5. **Time Management:** To balance my academic, professional, and personal commitments, I

prioritize time management. I use productivity techniques, such as the Pomodoro method, to
maximize my efficiency.

6. **Self-Reflection:** I regularly reflect on my progress and make adjustments as needed.

This helps me stay on track and adapt to changes or challenges that may arise.

7. **Seeking Feedback:** I actively seek feedback from mentors, supervisors, and peers.
Constructive feedback is invaluable for personal and professional growth.

8. **Taking Risks:** I'm not afraid to step out of my comfort zone to explore new opportunities
or face challenges. I believe that taking calculated risks can lead to significant growth.

9. **Building Resilience:** I understand that setbacks are a part of the journey. I maintain a
positive mindset and view setbacks as opportunities for learning and improvement.

10. **Maintaining Health and Well-being:** I prioritize my physical and mental health by
maintaining a balanced lifestyle. This ensures that I have the energy and focus needed to
pursue my goals.

11. **Financial Planning:** For certain goals, particularly long-term ones, I've established
financial plans or investment strategies to ensure I have the resources necessary to achieve
them.

12. **Tracking Progress:** I keep records of my progress and accomplishments. This not only
serves as a source of motivation but also helps in assessing whether I'm moving in the right
direction.

These actions have allowed me to make substantial progress towards my goals. Whether it's
pursuing higher education, advancing my career, or personal development, I remain
committed to a disciplined and proactive approach to goal achievement."

In this response, you demonstrate your commitment to both personal and professional
development, along with a structured approach to setting and pursuing your goals. It's
essential to make your response specific to your own experiences and aspirations.
11. Do you use any online platforms for learning about the latest developments in the field?
12. My areas of interest? I answered ML and DL.
13. Tell me something about ML that fascinates you.
14. How would you handle a dispute in your project team? What would you do if your team
members are disinterested and lazy?
Handling disputes and addressing disinterest or laziness in a project team requires effective
leadership and communication skills. Here's how you might approach these situations:

**Handling a Dispute in Your Project Team:**

**Open Communication:** Start by facilitating open and honest communication. Encourage

the involved team members to express their concerns and viewpoints. Listen actively to both
sides to understand the root of the dispute.

**Mediation:** If the dispute remains unresolved, you may need to step in as a mediator.
Ensure that the conversation remains respectful and focused on the issues at hand. Aim to
find common ground and reach a mutually acceptable solution.

**Conflict Resolution Techniques:** Utilize conflict resolution techniques, such as

compromise, collaboration, or finding win-win solutions. Encourage the team members to work
together to resolve their differences constructively.

**Establish Clear Guidelines:** To prevent future disputes, establish clear project guidelines,
roles, responsibilities, and communication protocols. Clarity can reduce misunderstandings
and conflicts.
 **Team Building:** Consider organizing team-building activities or sessions to improve team
cohesion and trust. Building strong relationships can reduce the likelihood of disputes.

**Escalation:** If a dispute cannot be resolved within the team, be prepared to escalate the
issue to higher management or human resources, as necessary.

**Addressing Disinterest and Laziness in Your Team:**

**Individual Discussions:** Talk to team members privately to understand the reasons behind
their disinterest or laziness. They may be facing personal issues, lack motivation, or need
additional support.

**Set Expectations:** Clearly communicate your expectations for performance and

participation in the project. Ensure that everyone understands their roles and responsibilities.

**Motivation:** Work with the team to identify what motivates each member. Some may be
motivated by recognition, while others may need more challenging tasks. Tailor your approach
to their individual motivations.

**Provide Support:** Offer support and resources to help team members overcome obstacles
that may be affecting their engagement. This could include additional training, coaching, or
mentorship.

**Accountability:** Establish a system of accountability where team members are responsible

for their contributions. Regularly review progress and hold team members accountable for
their commitments.

**Rewards and Recognition:** Recognize and reward team members for their contributions
and achievements. Positive reinforcement can boost motivation and productivity.

**Progress Tracking:** Implement regular progress checks and milestones to ensure everyone
is on track. This can help identify issues early and allow for necessary adjustments.

**Consequences:** If efforts to address disinterest or laziness are unsuccessful, consider

involving higher management and HR to explore disciplinary actions if warranted.

Ultimately, addressing disputes and disinterest in a project team requires a balance of

empathy, communication, and a structured approach to resolving issues and motivating team
members. Your goal as a leader is to create a positive and productive working environment
where team members can thrive and contribute effectively to the project's success.
15. Why is Java preferred in the industry?
16. What is inheritance?
17. What is multiple inheritance?
18. What is memory sequencing?
19. Practical applications of ML and Dl.
20. Puzzle: 10 people shake hands with each other. How many handshakes will be there in total?
21. Any questions for me?
BNY Mellon Interview Experience for SDE-1 (Off-Campus)
conversion of numeric Numbers to roman numbers
OOP related
Difference between C++ and java
Polymorphism in c++.
Aggregate Function in SQL and explain each of them
Gave me the schema of the Department table and Student table and asked me to write a query to
give the Department name and student name.
Types of Join
Difference between Natural joins and Inner join.
Asked me the Query on Group by, Aggregate function, and having clauses.
Given 4 rows in the table where one of the rows is completely NULL and asked me to give the answer
of count (*).
Given a table of the student where the score column has value is (10,5,3, NULL) and asked the
sum(score)
Then we move on to the Coding part, First question was Reverse an array to be run on all test cases.
Then asked about Denormalization and Normalization in Database. Asked advantages of
Normalization vs Denormalization.
Difference between compiled and interpreted languages. Explain each one of them with example
Which languages do you prefer? Compiled or interpreted? why?
array of bad numbers and a range of integers determine the longest segment of integers

How do you implement a Graph?

Discussion on the pointer in c++
1. How do you represent 2D array using pointer
2. What are constructors and destructors?
3. Which algorithms are generally used in DBMS. (Searching and sorting)
4. Different types of Searching algorithms.
5. What is your hobby?
6. Tell me the situation where you got beyond your expectations?
7. Do you know about BNY?
8. standard DSA question 1: Create a linked list and traverse it.
9. Standard DSA question 2: Merge two sorted arrays.
10. Group Anagrams
11. difference between struct and array in C++
12. Coding question: https://leetcode.com/problems/minimum-number-of-taps-to-open-to-water-a-
garden/
13. Tell me about your favorite algorithms, explain one of them, and write the code for the same.
14. What is a BST, what are other types of trees?
15. Theoretical questions based on the Graph data structure.
16. What are the most important things in Graph theory?
17. Where graph traversals algorithms are used? Tell about different traversal algorithms and write
the order of printing of nodes in the inorder and pre-order traversal.
18. Coding question: https://leetcode.com/problems/linked-list-cycle-ii/
19. Coding question: https://leetcode.com/problems/palindromic-substrings/
20. SQL query –> Employee and department table is given you need to find the salary of employees
in each department
21. What is Lambda?
22. What is a virtual function?
23. What is docker? What is cloud computing? (I didn’t mention these in my resume)
24. Do you know Java? I said I know the basics, so – What is the entry point of a code in Java? Tell the
syntax? Why main is static?
25. Tell me about Switch & Hub. Which data structure is used in switches?
26. TCP vs UDP
27. Find how you can generate a given sequence of numbers from the BST shown on the whiteboard.
28. Which databases have you used? Difference between SQL and NoSQL.
29. What servers have you used?
30. What is the CAP theorem?
31. Do you have any leadership experience?
32. What do you know about BNY Mellon and why you want to join it?
As a software development engineer, I'm excited about the potential to contribute to BNY
Mellon's technology-driven solutions and its commitment to innovation in the financial industry. I
believe my technical skills align well with the company's mission and goals, and I'm eager to be
part of a team that drives forward-thinking technology solutions in the financial sector.
33. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/count-words-in-a-given-string/ and one more that was also basic
question on stack.
He asked some DBMS and OOPS questions –
34. Operator Overloading, Polymorphism, early/late binding, virtual memory etc.
35. Also asked me to write an SQL Query (Joins and aggregate functions).
36. Then, I was told that I am selected for next Interview Rounds.
37. given 2 jars one of 4 liters, the other 5 liters, and an infinite water supply, how to measure 7 liters
of water using these 2 jars.
38. Tell me about a time where you displayed leadership skills.” and few similar HR questions and
39. What I knew about BNY Mellon. and If I had any questions for him.
Can you tell me more about the company culture and values?"
"What are the company's short-term and long-term goals or strategic priorities?"
"How does the company support professional development and growth opportunities for
employees?"
"What can you tell me about the team or department I would be working with?"
"What is the company's approach to work-life balance, and how does it support employee well-
being?"
"Can you share some recent achievements or upcoming projects the company is excited about?"
"How does the company measure and recognize employee performance and contributions?"
"What are the company's expectations and goals for this position in the first 30, 60, or 90 days?"
 "What is the onboarding process like for new employees, and how does the company support
them during the initial stages of employment?"
"Can you describe the typical career progression for someone in this role or department?"
"How does the company stay competitive in its industry, and what are some challenges it's
currently facing?"
"What is the company's stance on diversity, equity, and inclusion, and how is it incorporated into
the workplace culture?"
"Can you share some insights into the company's approach to sustainability and corporate social
responsibility?"
40. Solve the sudoku coding problem could be found on gfg
41. To swap 0 and 5 without the use of any condition, loop, or extra space (answer-> 5-Input number)
42. To find the duplicate element in an array of size n with elements from 1 to n-1.
43. Print all the possible permutations of a string (will not contain duplicate alphabets)
44. Given a string, count the number of words present in it. Some special characters like. (period),!
(exclamation mark),(comma), ?(question mark), -(dash) were also considered valid as words.
45. Given a triangle and 3 ants at each edge. They can move in any direction. Find out the probability
of ants not colliding with each other.
46. What do you mean by full-stack web development?
47. How does the client interact with the server?
In the client-server model, clients and servers exchange messages in a request-response
pattern. The client sends a request, and the server returns a response. A client can be a user's
device (computer, smartphone, tablet) or a software application. The client connects to the network
and contacts the server for resources. The client uses the network as a means of
communication. The server accepts the requested process and delivers the data packets requested
back to the client. Clients and servers typically communicate using the TCP/IP protocol suite. TCP is
a connection-oriented protocol, which means the protocol establishes and maintains connections
until the application programs at each end have finished exchanging messages. The HTTP protocol
defines several request methods: POST, GET, PUT, PATCH, DELETE.

48. How will you implement the authentication system on the login page?
Using HTTP Basic Authentication
49. A client requests access to a protected resource.
50. The Web server returns a dialog box that requests the user name and password.
51. The client submits the user name and password to the server.
52. The server validates the credentials and, if successful, returns the requested resource
53. Which technology do you use for the backend?
JavaScript. Python
The interviewer asked what my favorite subjects are. I told him DSA and DBMS. Then he asked about
my favorite data structures. I said stack so he asked me the following questions
54. Implement a stack
55. Design Special Stack
56. Design a DB on the Banking system
57. Types of trees, the time complexity of traversal in BST, how to decrease the height of the tree.
binary Tree is defined as a Tree data structure with at most 2 children A Ternary Tree is a tree
data structure in which each node has at most three child nodes, usually distinguished as “left”,
“mid” and “right”. A full binary tree is a binary tree with either zero or two child nodes for each
node A complete binary tree is a special type of binary tree where all the levels of the tree are
filled completely except the lowest level nodes which are filled from as left as possible. A perfect
binary tree is a special type of binary tree in which all the leaf nodes are at the same depth, and
all non-leaf nodes have two children.
58. discussion on life as an SWE in the finance sector
59. How do you keep yourself motivated?
Set Clear Goals: Define specific, achievable goals for yourself. Having clear objectives gives you
something to work towards and helps maintain your focus.
Break Tasks into Smaller Steps: Large tasks can be overwhelming, and this can lead to
demotivation. Break them down into smaller, manageable steps, and celebrate your progress along
the way.
Stay Organized: A well-organized workspace and schedule can help you stay on track. Being
organized reduces stress and creates a more conducive environment for motivation.
Find Your "Why": Understand the reasons behind what you're doing. When you have a strong
"why," it becomes easier to stay motivated, even when facing challenges.
 Stay Positive: Maintain a positive mindset and remind yourself of your achievements and
capabilities. Positive self-talk can help boost motivation.
Seek Inspiration: Surround yourself with inspiration, whether it's through reading, podcasts,
mentors, or exposure to others who have achieved what you aspire to.
Take Breaks: O

60. Write a code to remove duplicates from the given linked list on provided
61. Compiled and interpreted language differences.
62. What is a constructor?
constructor is a special method that initializes a newly created object. Constructors are called
automatically when an object is created.
63. Give me an example where you can do constructor overloading
Constructor overloading is when you create multiple constructors in a class, each with a
different number of parameters.
64. What is Exception Handling – what is need for this
Exception handling is a process that responds to unexpected events that occur during the
execution of a computer program. The purpose of exception handling is to prevent the program
or system from crashing
65. Explain the flow of the program in the try, catch and finally block
Exception occurs in try block and handled in catch block
66. What is the purpose of finally block
In Java, the finally block is always executed whether an exception is handled or not. It contains
all the necessary statements that need to be printed regardless of the exception occurs or not
67. C++ and Python difference
68. Which data structure you would use to design a traffic signal and why?
69. Give me a real-life scenario where you see stack implemented
Stack of books in a book shop. Call center systems. Undo and Redo mechanism in text editors. The history of a
web browser is stored in the form of a stack
70. Identify which data structure is used for the following implementations – 1)Memory allocation and
deallocation in the compiler – Ans: heap 2)Browser history – Ans: stack
71. What is multithreading in java?
Multithreading in Java is a programming concept in which a program can create a small unit of
tasks to execute in parallel
72. ArrayList and Vector difference

73. What is namespace in C++?

74. How much do you know python? Do you know NumPy library?
NumPy can be used to perform a wide variety of mathematical operations on arrays
75. What are threads?
A thread refers to a single sequential flow of activities being executed in a process
76. In C, if we write while(true) as a loop, what will happen and why?
77. What is the function pointer in C – where we can use this?
A namespace is a declarative region that provides a scope to the identifiers (the names of types, functions,
variables, etc) inside it.
78. What is a static keyword in java?
The static keyword is a non-access modifier used for methods and attributes. Static methods/attributes can be
accessed without creating an object of a class.
79. What is a singleton in java?
a class can only have one object. This is useful for creating objects that represent resources that
should only exist once, such as a database connection or a logging system.
80. What is JDK, JRE, JVM?
JDK (Java Development Kit) is a Kit that provides the environment to develop and
execute(run) the Java program. JDK is a kit(or package) that includes two things
 Development Tools(to provide an environment to develop your java programs)
 JRE (to execute your java program).
JRE (Java Runtime Environment) is an installation package that provides an environment to only
run(not develop) the java program(or application)onto your machine. JRE is only used by those who
only want to run Java programs that are end-users of your system.
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is a very important part of both JDK and JRE because it is contained or
inbuilt in both. Whatever Java program you run using JRE or JDK goes into JVM and JVM is responsible
for executing the java program line by line, hence it is also known as an interpreter.

81. HTTP and HTTPS difference

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a protocol using which hypertext is transferred over the
Web. Due to its simplicity, http has been the most widely used protocol for data transfer over
 the Web but the data (i.e. hypertext) exchanged using http isn’t as secure as we would like it
to be.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP). It is used for secure communication. In HTTPS, the communication protocol is
encrypted using Transport Layer Security.
82. What is Big O notation? Do you know any other notations?
Big O Notation in Data Structure is used to express algorithmic complexity using algebraic terms. It describes
the upper bound of an algorithm's runtime and calculates the time and amount of memory needed to execute
the algorithm for an input value.
83. Which data structure you will use to store different country names such as India, US, UK, and then
their respective state names and then respective city names. Ans – Tree Why? – As the given
data is hierarchical
84. What are GET and POST methods

85. Java and python difference – which one do you think is better?

86. Why do you prefer to code in Java?

87. Tell me about a time when you could not do well in academics and how you tackled this situation.
88. Given a singly linked list of 0s and 1s find its decimal equivalent.
Bubble Sort
89. What is the hardest challenge you’ve faced and how did you overcome it?

90. First, I reached out to the course instructor and expressed my difficulties. I requested additional
guidance and clarification on certain concepts that I found particularly challenging. This
demonstrated my willingness to seek help and my commitment to understanding the material.
91. Simultaneously, I adjusted my study strategies. I sought the support of peers and formed a study
group to collaborate on assignments and review sessions. This not only enhanced my
comprehension of the subject but also reinforced my teamwork and communication skills.
92. Furthermore, I developed a structured study schedule that allowed for consistent practice and
revision. I also made use of academic resources, such as tutoring and online materials, to
supplement my learning.
93. It wasn't an easy process, and it required persistence and dedication. Over time, my efforts began
to pay off, and my performance in the course gradually improved. I learned the importance of
resilience, adaptability, and seeking help when facing academic challenges.
94. This experience taught me that setbacks are opportunities for growth. It also reinforced my
commitment to continuous learning and improvement. Ultimately, I not only passed the course but
gained valuable life skills and a deeper understanding of my own strengths and areas for
improvement. It was a reminder that success often comes through determination and a willingness
to learn from one's mistakes."
95. In this response, you highlight your ability to face adversity, adapt to challenges, seek assistance
when needed, and ultimately learn and grow from the experience. These qualities are valuable in a
professional context and can make you a resilient and resourceful employee.

96. Why do you want to join BNY Mellon

I'm excited about the opportunity to join [Company Name] for several reasons. First and
foremost, I've done extensive research on your company, and I'm genuinely impressed by your
commitment to innovation and your track record of [mention a specific achievement or aspect
that stands out to you, such as market leadership, social responsibility, or a recent product
launch]. This aligns with my own values and career aspirations.
I've heard great things about the work culture at [Company Name]. I'm looking for a workplace
where I can collaborate with talented individuals, continue to learn, and grow both professionally
and personally. I believe that [Company Name] offers an environment that fosters innovation,
creativity, and professional development.

In summary, I want to join [Company Name] because of its impressive track record, the alignment of
my skills with your needs, and the opportunity to be part of a dynamic and collaborative team. I am
genuinely excited about the possibility of contributing to your ongoing success and growth."

GDCS typically stands for "Google Developer Student Clubs." These are student-led community groups
officially recognized and supported by Google for students who are interested in technology and
software development. The primary goal of GDCS is to create a space where students can learn, share,
and collaborate on technology-related projects and activities. These clubs often organize workshops,
hackathons, coding competitions, and other events to foster learning and networking among students
with a passion for technology.

I joined the Google Developer Student Club (GDCS) because I have a strong interest in technology and
software development. GDCS provides an excellent platform for students like me to engage with like-
minded peers, learn from experienced mentors, and gain hands-on experience in various aspects of
technology.

Additionally, GDCS is known for its supportive and collaborative community. Being part of this club
provides me with the chance to collaborate with talented students and mentors who share a common
goal of exploring, creating, and innovating in the tech world

IBM
) What are the Semaphores?
Semaphore is a "procedure synchronization device" or variable or abstract data type
which is used to control access to a common resource by multiple processes in a
concurrent system such as a multitasking operating system.

It assigns two tasks:

o wait (p)
o signal (v)

It expresses that if there are numerous processes sharing the same variable, at that
point different processes must hold up it until the point when the procedure in the
basic area is finished, as the procedure in the basic segment is finished, it sends a flag
to alternate procedure to enter the basic segment.

2) What is Synchronization?
Synchronization is the procedure by which Data Protection Manager (DPM) exchanges
information changes from an ensured record server to a DPM server, and afterward
applies the progressions to the copy of the secured information. DPM depends on
synchronization to keep imitations synchronized with the ensured information on the
document servers.

3) What is the virtual memory?

Virtual memory is a memory administration capacity of an OS that utilizes equipment
and programming to enable a PC to make up for physical memory deficiencies by
briefly exchanging information from irregular access memory (RAM) to plate
stockpiling.
4) What are paging, faulting, and deadlock?
In PC working frameworks, paging is a memory administration by which, computer
stores and recovers information from secondary storage for use in main memory. In
this scheme, the operating system retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size
blocks called paging.

Faulting: A page fault (now and then called #PF, PF or hard fault) is a sort of special
case raised by PC equipment when a running system gets to a memory page that isn't
right now mapped by the memory administration unit (MMU) into the virtual address
space of a procedure.

Deadlock: A deadlock is a situation in which two computer programs sharing the

same resource are effectively preventing each other from accessing the resource,
resulting in both programs ceasing to function. The earliest computer operating
systems ran only one program at a time procedure.

5) Evaluate a+=a+ ++a if a=20 initially.

a += a+ (++a) is the same as a = a + a + (++a) First thing that happens is that a++
will set a to 21, after that it will calculate: a = a + a + a; 21 + 21 + 21 = 63 so the
result is 63.

6) What is Process Scheduling?

The procedure planning is the action of the procedure director that handles the
expulsion of the running procedure from the CPU and the determination of another
procedure based on a specific methodology.

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Process planning is a fundamental piece of Multiprogramming working frameworks.

Such working frameworks enable in excess of one procedure to be stacked into the
executable memory at once and the stacked procedure shares the CPU utilizing time
multiplexing.

7) Difference between Quick Sort and Merge Sort.

Comparison Quick Sort Merge Sort

Partition of the The splitting of a list of elements is The Array is always

element in the array. not necessarily divided into half. divided into half(n/2)

Worst Case Complexity O(n2) O(n log n)

Speed Faster than another sorting Consistent speed in all
algorithm for the small dataset. type of datasets.

Additional Storage Less More

Space Requirement

Efficiency Inefficient for the larger array. More efficient

Sorting Method Internal External

8) What is Base Class and Derived Class? How are these two
interrelated?
Derivation (C++ only) Inheritance is implemented in C++ through the mechanism of
derivation. Derivation allows you to derive a class, called a derived class, from
another class, called a base class. In the declaration of a derived class, you list the
base classes of the derived class.

9) What is the advantage of inheritance in OOPS??

The most frequent use of inheritance is for deriving classes using existing classes,
which provides reusability. The existing classes remain unaltered. By reusability, the
development time of software is reduced. The derived classes extend the properties
of base classes to generate more dominant objects.

10) What is Procedural Programming?

Procedural programming is a programming paradigm that uses a linear or top-down
approach. It relies on procedures or subroutines to perform computations.

Procedural programming is also known as imperative programming.

11) What is the Entry Control Loop?

A passage control circle checks the condition at the season of the section and if
condition or articulation turns out to be genuine at that point control moves into the
body of the circle. Such kind of circle controls passage to the circle that is the reason
it is called the section control circle.

12) What is Variable Scope?

A scope is a region of the program and broadly speaking there are three places,
where variables can be declared ? Inside a function or a block which is called local
variables. In the definition of function parameters which is called formal parameters.
Outside of all functions which are called global variables.

13) What is Dangling Else problem?

Dangling else is a problem happens when we utilize settled if. ... Here in the above
case we really need to give the else provision to the external most if condition
however it is considered for the deepest if condition .this is called dangling else
problem.

14) What is the Condition of Deadlock?

Deadlock can exist if and only if 4 conditions hold simultaneously:

1. Mutual exclusion: at least one process must be held in a non-sharable mode.

2. Hold and wait: there must be a process holding one resource and waiting for another.
3. No preemption: resources cannot be preempted.
4. Circular wait: there must exist a set of processes

[p1, p2, , pn] such that p1 is waiting for p2, p2 for p3, and so on.

15) What does Object Oriented Database Management System

(OODBMS)?
An object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) is a database
management system that supports the creation and modeling of data as objects.
OODBMS also includes support for classes of objects and the inheritance of class
properties and incorporates methods, subclasses, and their objects.

Also called an object database management system (ODMS).

16) Difference between Structure and Union.

The Basis of Structure Union
Comparison

Basic The isolated memory area is All individuals from the

distributed to every individual from 'association' share a similar
the 'structure'. memory area.

Declaration struct struct_name { union u_name{

type element1; type element1;
type element2; type element2;
 . .
. .
} variable1, variable2, ...; } variable1, variable2, ...;

Keyword 'struct' 'union'

Size Size of Structure=entirety of the size Size of Union=Size of the

of the considerable number of biggest individuals.
information member.

At a Time A 'structure' stores numerous An 'association' stores a solitary

qualities, of the diverse individuals, incentive at any given moment
of the 'structure'. for all individuals.

The Way of Provide a single approach to see Provide numerous approach to

Viewing every memory location see the same memory area.

Anonymous No Anonymous feature Anonymous association can be

Feature pronounced.

17) What is the purpose of 'SUDO' Command?

The reason for sudo is to execute the charge given to it with root benefits. The
motivation behind su is to switch the present client setting. It is fundamentally an
antecedent to sudo. On the off chance that no client name is determined for su, at
that point it changes to root.

18) What is the String?

In programming, a string is a contiguous sequence of symbols or values, such as
character strings (a sequence of characters)or a binary digits string(a string of binary
values).

19) What is an Array? What is the Importance of an Array?

An array is a data structure that contains a group of elements. Regularly, these
elements are of the same data type such as integer or string. Arrays are commonly
used in the computer program to organized data so that a related set of values can be
easily sorted or searched.

Importance:

1. it is a better and convenient way of storing data of the same data type with the
same size.

2. It allows users to store a number of elements in it.

20) What is the advantage and disadvantage of the stored
procedure?
Advantage:

1. Maintainability: Since contents are in one area, updates and following of conditions in
light of composition changes ends up less demanding.
2. Testing: Can be tried autonomous of the application.
3. Speed: 1. Stored Procedure is cache on the server.
2. Execution plans for the process are easily reviewable without having to run the
application.

Disadvantage:

o Restricted Coding Functionality: Put away technique code isn't as hearty as

application code, especially in the territory of circling (also that iterative builds, similar
to cursors, are moderate and processor escalated)
o Testing: Any information blunders in dealing with Stored Procedures are not produced
until runtime

IBM HR Interview questions for Fresher

1) Tell me about yourself

My name is Arjun Kapoor. I am from Haryana. I have done Bachelor of Technology
from the stream of Computer Science and Engineering. I did my academic project on
updated technology like machine learning and data mining. I am good at Java and C
programming language. As my family background is considered, we are 4 in number.
My father is a sweet shop merchant, my mother is a homemaker and I have one
sibling. My strength is that I am a self-learner & have a positive mind. My weakness is,
I don't take rest until my work is finished.

2) Why should I hire you?

As fresher, I don't have any experience. If you hire me, it is a great opportunity for me
to learn something new and achieve my goals. This is only possible if you hire me and
I assure you that I will give my best to this company.

3) What is your Strength and Weakness?

Strength: I am Honest, Sincere, Responsible, and have positive Attitude.
Weakness: I don't take rest until my work finished.

4) Why do you want to work for our company?

It is a great honor for me to work in a reputed company likes yours because it is a
great multinational company. It has many branches across the world. Employee
satisfaction is good in your company. It's a good platform for me to improve my talent
and enhance my skill and knowledge.

5) What is the difference between Confidence and Over-Confidence?

Confidence means I will win and Overconfidence means I will win at all the time.

6) What is the difference between Hard-work and Smart work?

Hard work is very necessary for your life because, without practice, you can?t be able
to do smart work.

7) How do you feel about working night and weekends?

If the company needs me then I am ready to work at any time.

8) Can you work under Pressure?

Yes, it is a Great Honor for me to work in a presumed organization like yours on the
grounds that it is an incredible multinational organization. It has numerous branches
over the world. Worker fulfillment is great in your organization. It's a decent stage for
me to stand my ability and upgrade my expertise and knowledge.

9) What is your goals?

My short term goal is to be a part of your company and my long-term goal is to be
successful in every parameter of this company.

10) Would you lie for the company?

If my lie is for the company welfare, I can but it should not hurt others.
11) How much salary do you expect?
I can expect something which I can meet my expenses.

12) Where do you see yourself five years now?

I can see myself growing with this company and reaching a position where I become a
valuable asset to this organization.

13) On the scale of one to ten, rate me as an interviewer.

Sir, you are more educated, more talented, more experienced than me I am not on a
level to judge you.

14) Who has inspired you in your life and why?

My father is my inspiration because he still shows me the path from nothing to
everything. He always guides me to achieve success in every matter of my life. He is
also my best friend because he even suggested to me as a friend when I make a
mistake.