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66 views27 pagesB. Profit & Loss
YGUUUHJK
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PERCENTILE CLASSES
Profit & Loss Profit & Loss
Introduction:
Cost Price: The amount paid to purchase an article or the price at which an article is made, is known as its cost
price.
The cost price is abbreviated as C1
Selling Price: The price at which an article is sold, is known as its selling price.
The selling price is abbreviated as S.P..
Profit: If the selling price (S.P.) of an article is greater than the cost price (C.P.), then the difference between the
selling price and cost price is called profit.
Thus, If .P.> CP, then
Loss: If the selling price (S.P.) of an article is less than the cost price (CP), then the difference between the cost
price (CP, and the selling price (S.P.) is called loss.
CP = 20.833
Ata selling price of Rs.225, the profit percent
1.666/20.83.
6 Ans. (d)
Solution: The formula that satisfies this condition is
Loss of a'/100% (Where a is the common profi
loss percentage). Hence, in this case 400/100
loss.
7. Ans. (a)
Solution: For Rs.72, we can buy a dozen pair of
gloves, hence, for Rs.24 we can buy 4 pairs of gloves.
& Ans. (b)
Solution: profit percentage = "x 100 = 36%
9 Ans. (b)
Solution: CP = 252
= Rs. 1500
10. Ans. (d)
Solution: Assume CP = Rs.
x=150== > x= 160
IL Ans. (a)
Solution: Profit percentage = = x 100 = 25%
12 Ans. (¢)
Solution: CP of 1 orange = Rs. = = RS.
So he should sell 16 oranges in a rupee to make a
profit of 25%
13. Ans. (c)
Solution: CP of 1 book = Rs.15
SP of 1 book in order to gain 25% profit =
Rs.18.75
Required number of books = == = 12
14. Ans. (b)
Solution: Method I
Let CP = Rs.1000/1000 g, so,
CP of 1g=Rs1
And CP of Ng = Rs.
But SP of Nee Rs.1000
Profit % = x100
+
According to the question, profit % 100%
2100 +100
Hence, N=1000-N, or 2N = 1000 or N=500g
15. Ans. (b)
Solution: MP of 1 pencil = Rs.1
For supplier, SP of 20 pencils = Rs.16
For retailer, SP of 20 pencils = Rs.20
Profit percentage = + 100 = 25%
16. Ans. (b)
Solution: Let number of chips supplied = 100
For whole seller, Net CP=
(210000x100+5x10000) = Rs.1050000
Profit = Rs.(1050000x2) = Rs.210000
17. Ans. (b)
Solution: CP = Rs.(180 ~ 180.2)
18. Ans. (d)
19. Ans. (d)
20. Ans. (b)
21. Ans. (d)
22. Ans. (b)
Solution: = 10% x= 15% of y,
‘Where x+ y = 30000
zat
yok
Hence the difference
No Substitute to Hardwork 23. Ans. (6)
Solution: SP of 60% good = 0.6xx 0.95 = 057x
SP of 40% goods = 0.4x x 1.1 = 0.44x J total
sP=
24. Ans. (d)
Solution: It is dependent upon the markup (°) or
discount (%)
+20%
Since 100 wo
96
VY
20%
Loss = 49%
Again, m
100 omy
ad
50%
Loss = 25%
Hence, we can't be determine.
25. Ans. (b)
Solution: Let the MP = Rs 1 per kg then
Weight ‘MP
Rate’
100 100
96 80
80
1
96
Effective discount = 1 = £2 = 32
9 discount = =x 100 = 16.66%
26. Ans. (c)
Solution: Reduce price = 100 x 0.95 x 0.90x 0.80 =
68.40
Since discount = (100 - 68.4)% = 31.6%
27. Ans.(a)
Solution: Let the CP be Rs. x, then SP be 0.96x
0.96x = 240 > x = 250
‘Now the news sp = 250 x 1.1 = 250
28. Ans. (b) _
Solution: CP" (sp), =" (sp):
200 180 a7
29. Ans. (c)
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Alternatively: CP =
Hence, he should sell 5 toffees for Rs. 1 (=100
paise)
30. Ans (b)
Solution: g-=
oss = 22
X 100 = 34.48%
(Go understand the concept assume CP of each.
article RS. 29 and SP of each article = 19)
Exercise - 02
LAs. (6)
Solution: The cost per toffee = 75/125 = Rs.0.6 = 60
paise
Cost of 1 million toffees = 600000.
But there is a discount of 40 % offered on this
quantity. Thus,
The total cost for 1 million toffees is 60% of 600000 =
360000.
2 Ans. (b)
Solution: Solve by trial and error using the options.
If he marks his goods 30% above the cost price he
would be able to generate a 17% profit in spite of
giving a 10% discount.
3. Ans. (a)
Solution: The labour price accounts for Rs.400. Since
the profit percentage gives a 20% profit on this
component ie.
4 Ans.(a)
Solution: SP = 960 = 0.96 x CP > 1000.
To gain a profit of 16%
‘The marked price should be 116% of 1000 = 1160. 5. Ans. (d)
Solution: In the question A’s investment has to be
considered as R5.10,000 (the house he puts up for
sale).
He sells at 10.500 and buys back at Rs.9775.
Hence profit is Rs.1725.
Required answer. +=
23 1100 = 17.25
6 Ans. (d)
Solution: For 12 locks, he would have paid Rs51.
And sold them at Rs.57. This would mean a profit
percentage of 11.76%
7 Ans. (b)
Solution: A 10% reduction in price increases the
consumption by 11.11% but the increase in
consumption is 6.2kg.
8 Ans. (d)
Solution: A gross means 144 eggs. Thus, the cost
price per egg = 25 paise and the selling price after a
12.5% profit = 28 paise approx.
9. Ans. (a)
Solution: 300 (A buys at this value)> 345 (sells it to
Bata profit of 15%) > 404 (B sells it back to A ata
profit of 20% gaining Rs.69 in the process). Thus,
A's original cost = Rs.300.
10. Ans. (b)
Solution: The CP of the TV > CPrvx 0.8 = 12000 >
CPrv= 15000.
The CP of the VCP > CPycpx 1.2 = 12000 > CP
10000.
Total sales value = 12000 x 2 = 24000
Total cost price = 15000+10000 = 25000,
Loss = 25000-24000 = 1000.
1. Ans. (d)
Solution: Let the cost price be Px 0.95 x 1.2=Px1.1
+79 P=400. Alternately you could have solved
this using options.
12, Ans. (d)
Solution: CP of 1 apple = Rs.1
CP of 12 apples = Rs.12,
SP of 9 apple = Rs.12
Required difference = 2 x100= 332%
13. Ans. (a)
Solution: let SP of 1 kg article =Rs.100
For 1* shop
SP of 1 kg article =Rs.75
For 2 shopkeeper
SP of 1.25 kg article = Rs.100
SP of kg article =Rs.80
14. Ans. (d)
Solution: In the whole question, there is nowhere
the mention of any rupees figures. Since amount is
not given, we cannot calculate any value (in Rs.).
15. Ans. (c)
Solution: Let CP Rs.700
-Rs.90
0%
10%
Putting these values, we get (c) as the answer.
16. Ans. (c)
Solution: Let MP = Rs:100 and CP =Rs.X
‘Then, 450-5x = 700-8x
xy
Required ratio = 432 = 6:3
17. Ans. (a)
Solution: 13x + 9 (50-x) = 550
18. Ans. (a)
Solution: CP of 100 m = Rs.100
500, = ps 522
CP of m= Rm
Profit Percentage =~“ 100 = 20%
Alternatively, profit is 16.66% be selling
83.33% quantity.
19. Ans.(d)
Solution: (7.50x2x) - (7x + 6x)= 80
2x= 80
40
Ans. (b)
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
23. Ans. (0)
24. Ans.(c)
Solution: Let the cost price of one gram be Re.1 then
the markup price be Rs. 1.2 per kg ‘Now he sells 100 g which seems to be 1250 g so he
‘charges to customer 1250 x 1.2 = 1500 for 100 g (or
27. Ans. (0)
Solution: Go through optio:
20%
100 > 180
New SP= 2-60
Percentage loss = 40% (100 - 60)
Hence, (c) is correct choice
28. Ans. (b)
Solution: total cost of 4 cars =1+2=3 lakh
Total SP of 4 cars = 3x 1.5=45 lakh
SP of I car= 1.2 lakh
SP of rest 3 cars = 45 -1.2=3.3 lakh
Average SP of all the 3 cars = 1.1 lakh
29. Ans. (0)
Solution: let the number of diaries (produced) be
100 and the cost price of a diary be Re 1 then
Total cost incurred = 100 x1 = 100
Total sale price = 32 x.75 + 60x 1.4= 108
Therefore profit = Rs. 8
‘Thus there is 8 % profit.
Exercise - 03
1. Ans. (a)
Solution: From the last statement we have: Charan’s
cost price = 1188/1.1 = 1080 = Bhushan’s selling
price. Then,
Bhushan's CP would be given by the equation: CP x
0.9 = 1080 > CP for Bhushan = 1200 = SP for Ashok.
Also, Ashok gains 20% Hence, CP for Ashok > CP x
1.2 = 1200 > CP for Ashok = 1000.
This includes a Rs.110 Component of repairs. Thus
the purchase price for Ashok would be 1000-110 =
890.
2 Ans. (b)
Solution: Assume marked price for both to be 100.
X's selling price = 100 x 0.75 x 0.95 = 71.25
‘Y's selling price = 100 x 0.84 x 0.88 = 73.92.
Buying from ‘X’ is more profitable.
3. Ans. (0)
Solution: The total discount offered by A= 8% on
20000 + 5% on 16000 = 1600 + 800 = 2400.
If B wants to be as competitive, he should also offer
a discount of Rs.2400 on 3600. Discount percentage =
2400 x 100/36000 = 6.66% discount.
4 Ans. (¢)
Solution: For a cost price of Rs.400 he needs a selling,
price of 480 for a 20% profit. This selling price is
arrived at after a discount of 4% on the marked
price. Hence, the marked price MP = 480/0.96 = 500
5. Ans. (o)
Solution: If the cost price is 100, a mark up of 80%
meansa marked price of 180. Further a 15% discount
on the marked price would be given by:
1180 ~ 15% of 180 = 180-27 = 153.
Thus the percentage profit is 53%
6 Ans. (0)
Solution: Cost per 100 apples = 60 +15% of 60 =
Rs.69.
Selling price 220% profit = 1.2 x 69 =Rs.82.8
7. Ans. (b)
Solution: The buying price is Rs.9 per dozen, while
the sales prices iRs.12 per dozen - a profit of 33.33%
8 Ans.(¢)
Solution: Net CP = Rs.50x
Net SP = Rs.48x
Loss percentage = == x 100 = 4%
10.
Solution: 15% of CP = Rs.56.25,
Hence, CP = Rs.375
‘New SP = Rs.450,
Hence, Profit = Rs75
Profit Percentage = 20% So, X= 20
12 Ans. (¢)
Solution: Price = Rs.X
SP = Rs.L1x=0.5x +15, So, 0.6x= 15
So, x= 25
Alternatively we can do this question very
easily by using options.
13. Ans. (b)
Solution: 9(x-y) = 72,
xy=8
Therefore only possibility is 19 or 91.
14. Ans. (b)
15. Ans. (a)
16. Ans. (¢)
17. Ans. (b)
Solution: Amount purchase = 1100g
Amount sold = 900g
Profit % = 220 x 100 = 222%
18. Ans. (a)
Solution: Reduction in price
amount
20% GL t
(25%) = 6kg,
It means original amount of sugar needed = 6 x4=
24 kg.
19. Ans. (d)
Solution: Line pens Cello pens
cP: SP
37:24
Since Profit = loss
Hence option (d) is correct.
20. Ans. (a)
Solution: A BC
M
CP> 100 120 132 (120412) = 132
SP> 120 132 120
oPp>
Loss A = 143-120 = 23
% loss of A= == x 100 = 23%
21. Ans. (0)
Solution: If had Rs. 100
Discount = 25 = cost of my sister's watch then
cost of my own watch = 75
‘Thus the ratio of cost of my own watch to that
of my sister’s watch = 3:1
22. Ans. (c)
25 _ 204k
Solution: Profit % === = +2 (profit) >
k=100
Sale
Therefore, net profit % = “2° x 100= 10%
23. Ans. (c)
Solution: SP== of cP
cp=44
Now, by alligation
Thus the price of speed brand is Rs. 26/litre.
24. Ans. (b)
Solution:
Total = (18+20+20) = 22
B’s earnings = A’s earnii
Total earning soem Exercise - 04
1. Ans. (a)
Solution: Original cost price = Rs.5000.
‘New cost price = 1.3 x 5000 = Rs.6900
Profit percentage = (400/6500)x 100 = 6/(2/13)%%
2 Ans. (6)
Solution: If you assume the cost price to be 100 and
we check from the options, we will see that for
option (c) the marked price will be 120 and giving a
discount of 12.5% would leave the shopkeeper with
25% profit.
3 Ans. (b) Goods loft
Solution: The percentage profit = =" x 100
= 140 x 100 = 25%
4. Ans. (a)
Solution: 230/200 = 1.15 > The profit percentage
would be 15% if sold at 230. Thus, the increase in
profit percent = 15-10 = 5%
5. Ans. (b)
Solution: Total cost (assume) = 100.
Recovered amount = 65 + 0.85 x 325 +0.7x325
(65427.625422.75 = 115.375
Hence, profit percent = 15.373%
6 Ans. (a)
Solution: Assume he bought 20 apples each. Net
investment = Rs.5 + Rs.4 = Rs.9 for 40 apples. He
would sell 40 apples @ (40x29 = Rs.8.888> Loss of
Rs.0.111 on Rs9 investment
Loss percentage = 1.23%
7. Ans. (b)
Solution: The problem is structured in such a way
that you should be able to interpret that if he had
sold 120 kg of rice he would recover the investment
on 100 kg of rice.
Goods loft
% Loss/profit = =F x 100
(-20/120) x 100 = 16.66% loss.
Since cost price for Deb is Rs.11. Selling price
per kg would be Rs.9.166
& Ans. (b)
Solution: The first one would get a profit of Rs.500
‘because his cost wold be 2500 for him to get a 20%
profit on cost price by selling at 3000.
The second one would earn a profit of 600 (20% of
3000).
Difference in profits = Rs.100
9 Ans. (e)
Solution: Profit in original situation = 20%
In new situation, the purchase price of 90 (buys at 10
less) would give a selling price of 132 (sells at 10%
above 120).
The new profit percent = [(132-90)x 100/90 = 46.66
Change new profit percent = [(46.66-20)x 100/20 =
133.33%
10. Ans. (d)
Solution: The successive discounts must have been
of 10% each. The required price will be got by
seducing 25 by 10% twice consecutively. (use PCG
application for successive change)
1. Ans. (a)
Solution: If we assume the value of the first cycle as
Rs.900.
Then 900+96 = 996 should be equal to twice the
value of the second cycle. Hence, the value of the
second cycle works out to be 498.
Also 498+96 = 594 which is Rs.306 less than 900.
Hence, option (a) fits the situation perfectly and will
be the correct answer.
Note here that if you had tried to solve this through.
equation. You would have got stuck for a very long
time.
12, Ans.(d)
Solution: While purchasing he would take 1200
grams for the price of 1000 grams.
‘While selling he would sell 900 grams for the price
of 1000 grams. Since CP = SP, the profit earned is
through the weight manipulations. It will be given
by goods left / goods sold = 300x 100/900 = 33.33%
13. Ans. (d)
Solution: After 2 years the flat would he worth Rs.
288000 while the land would be worth Rs.266200.
The profit percentage of the gainer would be given
* (21800/266200) x 100 = 8.189%
Hence (a).
14. Ans. (c)
Solution: The cost of the trip would be proportional
to the price of petrol. So, if initially the cost is 100,
the new cost would be 80. Also, initially since his
profit is 20% his revenue would be 120. When he
takes 4 passengers instead of 3 his revenue would
g0 up to 160 - and his profit would become 100%
(cost 80 and revenue 160).
15. Ans. (a)
Solution: He would be selling 800 grams for Rs.12.
Since a kg cost Rs.10 800 grams would cost Rs.8. 16. Ans. (a)
Solution: C’s purchase price = 2145 x 10/11 = 1950
B's rate of profit is 3 times C’s rate of profit hence, B
sells to C al 30% profit
B's price + 30% profit = 1950 (C’s price).
Hence, B's price = 1500.
Further, since a’s profit rate is 5/3 the rate of profit
of B, A’s profit percent would be 30x 5/3 = 50%
Thus, A’s price + 50 % profit = 1500 (B’s price)
Thus, A’s price = 1000
17. Ans. (a)
Solution: There were 5 printers (2+3) and 20
monitors. He sells 2 printers for a profit of Rs.2000
each. Hence, profit from printer sales = Rs.4000,
18 Ans. (d)
Solution: By charging Rs.1.2 more his profit should
double to 40% this means that his profit of 40%
should be equal to Rs.2.4,
‘Thus his cost price must be Rs.6 and his original
selling price should be 7.2 Hence, option (d) is
correct
Ans. (d)Solution: Self Explanatory
Ans. (6)
Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
Solution: Price of 10 chairs = 10 x 200 = 2000
Price of 12 chairs (without discount) = 12x 200
Price of 12 chairs with discount = 10 x 200+2x
TITA/SA,
1. Ans. Rs.5.50
Solution: In order to solve this problem, first
assume that the cost of manufacturing 1 article is
Rs.1 then 100 articles would get manufactured for
Rs.100. For a 20% profit on this cost, he should be
able to sell the entire stock of Rs.120. However since
he would be able to sell only 88 articles (given that
12% of his manufactured articles would be rejected)
he needs to recover Rs.120 from selling 88 articles
only. Thus, the profit he would need would be
given by the ratio 3/88.
Now it is given to use that his selling price is Rs.7.5.
the same ratio of profitability i. 32/88 is achieved
if his cost per article is Rs.5.5.
23. Ans. (a)
Solution: Anjuli
Chawla
Bhoomika
100 100
14-20% 115%
12%
24 80 235 85] 23.44 88
15% 410%
13%
76 765 76.56
‘Thus it is clear from the graphical solution that the
maximum discount is availed by Anjuli.
Note: it does not matter that we first decrease by
202% and then by 5% of vice-verse. This concept has
been already illustrated in percentage chapter. Try
to do it for your concept clarification.
24. Ans. (b)
Solution: Candle
Bulb
cP a
SP
And Loss(%) == x 100
22. ope 2
Again 22x 1005x100
>
ad
&
2
2 Ans. 20%
Solution: If you assume that his cost price is 1 Re
per gram, his cost for 1000 grams would be Rs.1000.
For supposed 1 kg sale he would charge a price of
1080 after an increase of 20% followed by a decrease
of 10% but since he gives away only 900 grams the
cost for him would be Rs.900.
Thus he is buying at 900 and selling at 1080 a profit
percentage of 20%
3. Ans.3
Solution: Assume that for 100 items the cost price is,
Rs.100. Then the selling price is Rs.130. Since 24 is
sold at half the price, he would recover 24 x ¥2=
Rs.12(since it is sold at hold the cost price) The remaining 70 would be sold at 70x 1.3 = Rs.91.
Total revenue = 91 +12 = 103 > a profit of 3ona
cost of 100
4, Ans, No profit/no loss
Solution: No Explanation
5. Ans. 228,
Solution: List price = 228
CP (before duty) = Rs.152
CP (after duty) = Rs.152x 1.2 = Rs.1824
SP =Rs152x 1.2.x 1.25 = Rs.228
6 Ans. 144%
Solution: Cost = Rs.2400
Published Price Rs.3.25
‘SP = 75/100 x 3.25 = Rs.2.4375
‘Number of Free copy = (3000/25) = 120 + 500=
620
So, Total SP = 2380 x Rs.2.4375 = Rs.5801.25
Hence, percentage gain = 5801.25 ~2400/240-
eis
7. Ans. (Rs. 180 and Rs. 225)
8 Ans. (Rs. 9000)
9. Ans. (Rs. 345)
10. Ans. 12%
Solution:
Initially =
profit 40%)
‘New prices:
150
“YY
Profit discount
=20% = 20%
12. Ans. 21%
Solution: CP of AtBHC = 2x x y + 5x x 2y + 2x x 4y
MP.
1125x=25 300
(25%)
= 200 hence the cost price be Rs. 200.
Note: It can also be solved by using option, first of
all find the SP by decreasing MP by 25% then this,
SP will be equal to 112.5% (12.5% is the profit) of
the cost price so the CP can be find as given above.
14, Ans. 800
Solution: [((x x 11) x Lyx ES]=
through options or by the reverse
15. Ans. 912
Solution: CP +4k=SP; (gives profit)
CP-3k=SP: (gives loss)
Since loss (3k) is 25% less than profit (4k)
SP1 - SP2 = 7k=836-703=133
k=19
CP = SP, - 4k = SP: +3k = 760
Therefore required SP =760 x 1.2= 912
16. Ans.875
Solution: CP = 100, SP (with tax) = 120
New SP = 100-5
Effective discount = 120 - 95 = 25
So, as SP of 95> discount = 25
And at SP of 3325 > discount = = x 3325 = 875
17. Ans. 20%
Solution: cp sp=t MP
10 win 7X 150
[from percentage change SPC]
Note: in this case first of all find the SP, after adding
profit percentage to CP then find the MP through
SP.
Now, 20%
oN = on
me Ne
Here first of all we subtract discount from the MP
then the resultant value will be SP.
18. Ans. 19.42%
Solution: amount paid in 1* service = 100 (suppose)
Amount paid in IInd service = 90
Amount paid in ITIrd service = 81 Total sale price (or reverse}= 20089 #40
100 = 7500 |
Profit 9) = 222 100 = 6%
Discount o= 2 100= 184% 21 Ane 200
station Ch 10%
19, Am %4 ‘Snopes pot 3
Sai | oe Goapen ae
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