CULTURA E IST.
INGLESE-PALADIN-PARTE AMERICA
1775-1783 There was the AMERICAN INDIPENDENCE WORLD with Washington as
President.
At that time the British Empire ruling the American territory.
1861- In this period was created the CONFEDERATE FLAG, in ITALY there was the
UNIFICATION and in RUSSIA the abolition of self-dome.
JOHN SMITH was one of the first traveller to the American Territory, he made a
spedition and wrote a diary on it.
Somewhere in UTAH in a place called “PROMONTORY POINT”, the President Ulysses
Grant nailed the last piece of railroad. He brought the Union Pacific and Central Pacific
railroads together in promontory.
For many observers, the railroad was the embodiment of the America Dream.
JOHN CREVECOEUR neutralized in America as JOHN HECTOR, wrote a book in 1782 in
which he said that “part of our identity is defined by something that we don’t know,
and we must consider”. [ letters of an American farmer-] He defines “AMERICAN” a
person with mixture blood, so they might be the result of different ethnicity.
The metaphors related to mixture people are the MELTYNPOT AND THE SALAD.
THE MELTYNPOT was invented as an expression at the beginning of the 20th century
and concern the idea of people belong to US as a mixture; all people are mixed and
become one homogeneous community. This means that US is equal and democratic.
The other image metaphor of the salad represents something new, and all the
ingredients are indispensable in a community ì, also there’s important because the
specify should be preserved.
AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS- MIGRATIONS
America was discovered by Columbus in 1492. The very first settlement were Spanish
with: St Augustine in Florida (1565) [the place where the water allows to stay young
forever]; St Fe in 1609; Albuquerque in 1706.
ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS ARE MOST FAMOUS: Jamestown 1607; Plymouth Rock 1620;
Maryland Colony 1630; Pennsylvania Colony 1681.
The other settlements to keep in mind are SWEDEN, that founded NEW SWEDEN;
NETHERLANDS that rename City NEW AMSTERDAM; finally in 1664 ENGLISH that
rename city NEW YORK.
We can identify four types of migrations to US:
The first wave was in 1680-1776: part of this was SPANISH, WHITE PEOPLE, MOSTLY
MALE INDIVIDUAL, British take African people in US and rendered them slave.
In 1801 there was Napoleon, so imagine Europe being torn by a world war.
The Second Wave was in 1820-1890: in this period there’s a lot of famine.
The third wave was in 1890-1930: There’s a lot of being on there; first, WEST was
conquered. In 1801 the American frontier has been closed, so means that was a place
safer to live and so on. In the 1930 lot of people travel to big sheep like TITANIC.
In Italy at that time, there’s a kingdom and a lot of people were poor, after that we had
anarchism and assassination of the KING.
FOURTH WAVE 1965- to present days: Basically, there’s a constant flow with a lot of
migrants, it becomes global.
IMPORTANT DATE: PATRIOT ACT in 2002; police department, FBI, NATIONAL SAFETY
was developed. There was a straight control to all the people that moving to STATES
from other countries. They were check because the attack of twin tower was made by
an Italian guy. They can have biometric data like fingerprints, eye contact scanning, and
that was just the beginning.
DREAM ACT IN 2010-2012: Obama passed a law in Rose Garden (NY) to have illegal
migrants’ underage who happened to be in the states against they will; deported
people for ex. Dream act allows that people to establish their status in US. OBAMA
passed this law to eliminate deportation.
THE US – PEOPLE MINORITIES.
A minority is a small community that don’t really fit in a big one. Is not minority in the
sense of numbers but in sense of rights.
Gender is related to the culture and sex refers to a physical part. If women don’t have
salary they don’t vote in US, they live with income of their husband; they are merely
considered mother.
Maybe US is more SEXES and less RACIST.
In 1920 Women obtained Right to vote, so 26 years before it happened in Italy.
The US operates process of ASSIMILATION, ACCULTURATION, INTEGRATION,
EXTERMINATION.
ASSIMILATION= It’s the first drive endling with natives, the policy of assimilation was an
attempt to destroy traditional Indian culture. Many Historians have argued that the US
government believed that if AMERICAN INDIAN did not adopt EUROPEAN-AMERICAN
CULTURE TEY WOULD BE EXTINCT AS PEOPLE.
ACCULTURATION= US IMPOSED THEIR CULTURE TO NATIVE AMERICANS
INTEGRATION= Process in which NA try to be part of new culture, new place, new
identity.
EXTERMINATION= If they don’t follow what US decided for them, they were
exterminated.
ANDREW JACKSON has a very successful military history; he keeps British out of
America, the other reason for why Jackson in famous is for his policy on NATIVES. He
had two presidential mandates from 1828; he promoted INDIAN REMOVAL ACT in
1830, was concern by two declarations, he said “let’s remove all native tribes on
Mississippi so US can conquer and civilize all territories before the river.”
JACKSON was vey bold to perform the application of this policy; TRAIL OF TEARS was a
Remotion to move to EASTWORD MISSISSIPPI TO OKLAOMA. A lot of NA died during
this deportation.
LGBT+ COMMUNITY IN THE US: Another important minority concern LGBT community.
San Francisco ever since 1970 has been mostly inhabited by gay community. This is
right now a safe place in which your private identity does not provoke a danger for
your physical integrity.
In this block you have community that living, working, and acquiring political
representation for equal rights.
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN USA: If we thinking about the term “black” is very direct, and
implying the message that the white people are not colour people so it is not very
equal in this sense.
Boston Massacre is an history episode, in which some NEW ENGLAND PATRIOTS were
protesting about BRITISH RULES; after many provocations BRITISH SOLDIERS shot
civilians.
The important thing of that topic is that CHRISTOPH HATOS was a liberate slave that
was shoot in the BOSTON MASSACRE, he was one of the first victim of American
revolution and was a black guy.
The first two history of the American Revolution that was published never mentioned
Christoph Hatos, they said just that five people died during this massacre, so they don’t
go into details. They probably won’t give much attention to a black guy died.
SLAVERY WAS LEGAL IN US until 1861 and was president LINCOLN that with an
amendment of the constitution, abolished slavery and by that act, states in the South
of US declare their independence from the union, so that’s how we have AMERICAN
CIVIL WAR.
The economy of US is based on culture, so they need workforce, Black people know
how to cultivate ROW MATERIALS, so the element of slavery is economical but that is
inhuman, they care just about money.
In the South there was a reconstruction age after the war, were US ARMY keeping
control. Slavery was abolished, but this does not mean equality, because is when US
state become a SEGREGATE STATE.
Rosa Park was a good lady, one day in MISSISSIPPI she set on a white people sit in a
bus, she was very tired after work. For this gesture, she was arrested and after that
happened, the whole city of MONTGOMERY goes on strike and there was a very
significant moment in the history of CIVIL RIGHTS.
That’s the beginning of something that as to do with MLK (Luther King) , the “SELMA
MARCH” where African people walk in Mississippi terms as a sort of statement for the
rights of the equality.
For that, they were beaten by the police and arrested.
By the way, Malcom Ex died in 1965 killed by a white supremacy and MLK died in 1968
for the same reason, in Matrix.
CRONOLOGY OF EVENTS:
1808 SLAVERY IMPORT BAN.
1861 ABOLITION ON SLAVERY
1865 JIM CROWS LAWS AND FIRST WAVE OF KU KLUX KLAN
1909 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADAVANCEMENT OF COLOURED PEOPLE
(NAACP).
1915-1944 SECOND WAVE OF KKK
1946-ON THIRD WAVE OF KKK
1955 ARRESTING OF ROSA PARK IN MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA
1965 ASSSASSINATION OF MALCOM EX
1966 ARREST OF BOXING CHAMPION RUBIN HURRICANE CARTER
1968 ASSASSINATION OF MLK
1988 PUBLICATION OF “FUCK THE POLICE” BY NWA (RAP BAND)
1999 BEATING OF RODNEY GLEN KING BY LAPD
2008 BARACK OBAMA’S PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
2012 26-02 ASSASSINATION OF TRAY VON MARTIN
2013 ABSOLUTION OF THE MARTIN LUTER KING’S KILLER, BORN OF BLACK LIVES
MATTER.
