Unit I: History The Rise of Nationalism in f MIND MAP & = eee oa Peeeseeaeeeee eee cere Frederic Sorrieu, in 1848 Emergence of nationalism as. Development of a concept of voor wads demowrc 2 ore bat sen anges ans ou coe tg and social republics politics and mentality of Europe common identity and history ‘The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation ‘ ¥ ¥ 7 French Revoliion of 1769 ed to Various practices adopted to Declaration of mission to Setting up of Jacobin clubs by the tanster of sovereignty fom develop a sense of collective liberate Europe from ‘educated middle classes and monarchy ta body of cizens identity among people despotism students of Europe Measures Introduced to Develop Collective Identity ! ’ ] y ] 7 J Y A ¥ ] y Ideas of le ‘Adoption of new | Adopted tricolour ‘Adoption of Estates-General Abolition of patrie and constiuton wih | asinew French | uniform system renamed a internal custom fe otoyen were cans enoying fag rplacng royal | of weights and | National Assembly | dues eriphasised equal rights standards | measures, —— | , , New hymns were Martyrs Formulation French became Discouraging of composed and remembered in the of centralised the national regional dialects Improvement in Adoption of ’ ] ' ’ | Y x’ efit tD property abolished _———_estcon in towns of weights and measures,® CChapterwise CBSE PYQs (Soci In Europe ae + ans we od case pote en ey anen iey es, ah tre pe nab pert 2 ral atin Jn Economic Sphere sm after 1815 ‘Conservatism: Abele of preservation of ld adkons and instuions tke monarchy, Church, socal setup, property and fay New Settlement for Europe under Conservatism ‘ter et Neprean—Bran, Russa, Prussia and Min motive was to undo the changes iti by ‘sia te Teaty of Vira of 1815 Napoleon and to restore monarchy ‘utocraticee al Rise of Nationalism in Europe @) ‘The Revolutionaries Later founded Young aly in Marseies and monarchy Ce ete ‘Young Europe in Berne Age of Revolutions 1830-1848 | ‘ | : re ee Hung, Hartstip 146: The evoon ‘and National feeling and popular revott of the Liberals: Romantic Imagination and National Feeling | ¥ v ¥ y Culture Romantic artists Popularised Used language true to resists spirit foreign of nation dominance Collected tocal folkiore to spread nationalism even among iterates ‘machine made goods e x —_—_—_— ————— Food ed Overcrowded Peasants burdened “ine cities with feudal dues shortage —— ee ee —e ‘Chapterwise CBSE PYQs (Social i nn 1848 ‘The Revolution of the Liberals—1 Bee a ae Social base | | | conservative French monarchy Frankturt Germany of pariament | Gr oe | ‘uprooted by Revolt of parliament tobe shifted to. | ct | 1848. Liberal middle organised governed mide supp’ | class demanded in Church ‘through lass liberals conetiton and of constitutional arcane | d ational unification st Paul monarchy | | aa a , Poitical Fearing xed ep Wie te soars ford RAY rvs Constant by women for monarchs grants crafted Ning el political concessions ang Prussia, rejected rights introduced changes ‘The Making of Germany Y ' v ¥ ¥ y 7 Conservatives Middle class tried to to von THe wars for Prussian Currey mobiised naional unite Germany but Prussia 10 seven years with King Willam banking Sentiments to promote were suppressed by emerged youuu’, Austria, Denmark «I Decame ga and tounte —ronteet ot aNd France =the Emperor uci Germany is process °O™Bleted German of Unted system as land owning cass unification Germany agaist Unification of taly doen eles stn Pilea om ion eel 5 ; fngerid been under tay was lan Efforts Responsibility Chief Minister Giuseppe Garbld, ances’ Mept Ausan under” "009° of of Uneatne, VOU trough 2 vlan seven alan —‘H@bSburgS Bourbon (90 Ad Mazzini fe gn diplomacy joined the aan states ‘King W28 Ted Kings of "YN 1831_—_King Vitor alld France to. and crove anay pos by Pope Spain Sects faled Emmanuel» efeat Austria Spanish rue. Tut es — 8 aly was uni The Strange Case of Britain + —— Grow of Ens natons “camber in wealth and Systematic suppressi 7 power | seta _ odsiod elo ngs partament seized | Engen Ne toy | Lar eayg i te 48th century ‘monarchy in 1688 ‘driven out pr! many were tevatt too was Ais es eens ~ ir homeland ‘birds ee out te hy : ish, At of Uren (1797 3) i between England ang ew Scotland formed Unteg she British helped bases Kingdom of Great Bran' ations bogan 1 be portrayed As formato figure Called allegory ' Romania Bulgaria Nationali Hn Europe ‘oan ko Liberty Abecoticn ware ' ‘i ' ’ Justice and Republic aoa Goins and stamps Marana Gormania 100 wore porsonitiod quite Yoo cated th Raa Gor Daforais taee aa magn Rapcic ct (Pan are Balkans Prosen day 1 } 4 ' ' ' 4 ' Nationalism and imperialism: Balkan isu meee | eeies Eaopen | Caran, Es was under deci powers at: | Nata nga, iat ie ae conic om competed» Miia Magy is ralonaltes | stuaton Qtoman Eine ough struggle over Baban ara a Ket BRC Each state roped They we of ‘one of the y and hop t1 " and causes of First 10 €x 1 an ¥ might World War of othe over athalism in India Nation a MIND MAP Spread of epidemic king rilions of people Ti ie Satygrana esa - nse = 1 Emergence of Gandhi in 1915 withthe Tse xt of ac wt itea of Sayagraa and non-violence nase ete oe f see eee reeceeccane) 1918 ~ Anmedabed, Gujarat in ‘upport of cotton mil warhers, _—SSE Results of shops and workshopsNeaatnninse (3) Surrender of Jemment , ’ Many within Congress opposed boycott of council elections t ’ ’ Nagpur session of Congress. Movement in Towns Slowdown Beginninga poop to wear Kha and Give up ekg ¥ + Caught and brought Brutal treatment i, back to plantations un away war Factors Shaping Indian Politics cette LS a Lahore Session of Congress, 1929 a = [eerste Y ¥ T 1 Headed by Jawahatal Demanded Purna Declared celebration of independence Day Pledge to struggle for Nehru __ Swan ret a sal tax was Beginning of Civt ‘specie demands common 1 al Disobedience Movement ‘throughout IngaNationalism in India ‘ * fear ae a ‘Violent clashes in y i ‘attacked, women, rae a ‘and citren beaten and thousands wor as Relaunch Disobedience Movement ) Gandhiyi a red into | ! | ws entered into | Government to releas | “ " Som [echoes Te a 2.pact wih in | petal psoas Diesen” | seacsacea “neat | so sehen Gandhiji agreed to take Negotiati uf fee part in 2nd Round es he Table Conference Gandhiji returned to india ry leaders How Participants Saw the Movement — al ‘ Rich peasants Poor peasants y + Hit by trade depression and faling prices + They too faced similar problem as rich * Unable to pay revenue peasants + Resentment over refusal of reduction in revenue demand ‘+ Depression made it impossible to pay rent + Joined Civil Disobedience Movement cna eee gre not wing to support poor * For them, it was struggle against high revenue earng might pea the ihe + Disappointed when Civil Disobedience Movement was called off + No active participation by poor and small + Reluctant to participate when it was relaunched peasants f 7 Business Community beat ’ 1 + They demanded protection against imports and fixed + Set up Indian industrial and Commercial Congr Federation ofthe indian Chamber of Commerce andindusties (1927) + Supported Civil Disobedience Movement « Failure of Round Table Conference lost thelr interest in Cv Disobedience Movement «Growing socialism in Congress and militant activites kept them away from Givi Disobedience Movement when relaunched + Limited participation due to closeness ot Congress with business community + Engaged in some sort of boycot against ow wages and poor working conditions + Congress reluctant to include their demands fearing alienation ot industrialists a ‘ 7 7 t to see sevice Large scale Protest Salt a el Began ok partiaton marches manufacturing and liquor shops ‘0 fil salon a a seterwvise CBSE PYQs (Social Sci Limits of Civil Disobedience Movement Muslims ' ; ion—Movernent alienate 1m Congress «pen association of Congress with Hindu Mahasabha to wert the gap itant passions in both communities provoked clashes and rts + Difference cropped up on the issue of st Depressed Classes Associaton in 1930 and demanded assemblies 2nd Round Table Conference + Muslim league demanded separate electorate which Hinde demands Mahasabia rejected en Gandhiji& Ambedkar granted reserved + Both communities wer with suspicion and di + Muslims feared domination by Hindus and loss of thei cut fever remained uneasy towards national movement identity Sense of Collective Belonging pe cet + History began tober + Thi 6 songs, symbols | Vende Metaram, began | + Indians began to lass een a in Indians | ‘masters degraded it ‘through ious sentimets + History, ction folie, | + His hr to motheran, M lerpretated ion came to be seen in images of Bt Mata + Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay created, the image of Bharat Mata is portrayed Bharat Mata ean calanoid to seve aon and soe les, the Folkiore of Southern @ was trustworthy expression a PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS ~*Global Interconnectedness Migration rs, traders, pf knowledge ent and to escape persecution + They carried goods, money, values, sis, ideas, invention, and germs and diseases * Soon, an active coas West Asia World Economy ~ ‘Taking Shape MIND MAP ‘The Making of a Global World + Good example of modem rade and c + Sikroutes denote img (of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route ‘+ These routes connected China th the West + Trade and cultural exchange went hand in hand + Buddhism emerged from eastern India and spread in several directions + Gorn Laws and ther abolition + Population increase «Industrial growth The Making of a Global World ~ Behe - a Rebuilding a World Interwar Economy Fanaa eases eee Conquest, Disease Food Travels jerplors ' ; + Food offered long distance + Searoutes discovered to Asia and America + Colonization of America by Spain and Portugal through tural exchange + Noodles trom China travelled to west to become spaghet + Potatoes, soya, maize, groundnut, chilies, tomatoes reached Asia through ‘America via Europe ‘+ Europe's poor began to eat better and ve longer because of potatoes land's poorest peasants importance + Europe emerged as a centre of world rade ‘+ Deciine in food prices + Expansion of urban cities, ‘+ Increase in food demand | + Establistment of canal colonies in india | ‘Investment and improvement in transport Technology —> » Moveiment of food cheaply and quickly to ‘© Balanced diet for poor2 < z > Colonialism > Rinderpest Global System Wartime Transtormations |» Post War Recovery Mass Production and Consumption + Europeans atacted towards + Europeans used + Dectine in cotag + Loss of livtinoa > and constr ‘+ Indebtedness forced poor to migrate created net ecological changes vious methods to retain Industries, increase inland rer of poor. sands of Indians migrated around the world to work on pk ion projets, reeds for raw material, market, ee, devastating rinderpest nce laws and most tres, change in inher ations, in mines a + Emergence + Financed export + Tans * Fis Word War between A Powors— Germany, Austia—Hungary ang * First modern Industrial war + Huge reduction in IS lent huge ca conor ot a exports Working population «+ Post war recovery proved dificult ‘dened with huge externa debts ing war which ended once war was over loyment and production decreased + Post war agriculture expanded in mic boom + War boosted US economy * Mass production in US began in late 1 * Assembi troduction of cre * ‘lgher employmen * Boosted European * increased consume and income, rise in demand recovery ng t0 fallin prices and deine in rural ture to central and south east Asia red money to long distances + Developed corporate organisations Competition declined India's autonomy th century ne production method by Henry Ford pioneered mass production 5 of MASS produced goods Contd. on next pageRebuilding A World Economy and demand especialy of agrc, ‘major banks in Europe products The Great Depression —» India and the Great Depression smployees found themselves beter off ‘xis Powers-Germany, Japan, italy USSR, US Second World War —» + Enormous destruction Dominance of USA and USSR ‘wo lessons from inter war Economic production cannat sustain without mass consumption Governments to contro flow of goods, capital and labour IME World Bank Post War Settlement —> + Era of unprecedented grows of trade and incomes for western industal nations Early Post War years —» + Spread of technology and enterprise ‘Investment of capital + Asian and Alrican colonies emerged as independent nations + Economic backwardness in decolonised nations Independence Establish Collapse of fixed exchange rate and introduction of floating exchange rates End of Bretton Woods Developing countries forced to borrow from western commercial banks and private and beginning of —> inctiutions. 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