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Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development in

Saudi Arabia: A Study on the Impact of Saudi Vision 2030 and Renewable
Energy Integration

Conference Paper · December 2024

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE241184

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90 Emerging Cutting-Edge Applied Research and Development in Intelligent Traffic and
Transportation Systems, M. Shafik (Ed.)
© 2024 The Authors.
This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0).
doi:10.3233/ATDE241184

Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent

Infrastructure Development in Saudi
Arabia: A Study on the Impact of Saudi
Vision 2030 and Renewable Energy
Integration
Fayez ALANAZI a,1 , Mamdouh ALENEZI b
a Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka,

Saudi Arabia
b Software Engineering and Disruptive Innovation (SEDI), College of Computer and

Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract. This research paper examines the influence of Saudi Vision 2030 on the
advancement of sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure in Saudi
Arabia, specifically emphasizing the incorporation of renewable energy sources.
The study evaluates the existing condition of transportation and infrastructure
within the country, identifies the primary obstacles and prospects encountered
by the sector, and assesses the efficacy of Saudi Vision 2030 in tackling these
challenges. Furthermore, the research explores the potential of renewable energy
sources, including solar and wind power, to facilitate the progression of sustainable
transportation and intelligent infrastructure in Saudi Arabia. Through a quantitative
research approach, this study sheds light on the impact of Saudi Vision 2030 and
provides insights into the future prospects of sustainable transportation and intelli-
gent infrastructure development in Saudi Arabia.
Keywords. Sustainable Transportation, Intelligent Infrastructure, Renewable Energy
Integration, Saudi Vision 2030

1. INTRODUCTION

Saudi Arabia, in alignment with its ambitious Saudi Vision 2030 initiative, is undergoing
a significant transformation towards sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastruc-
ture [1]. This paper delves into the impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on the transportation
sector, particularly focusing on the integration of renewable energy sources. Through an
assessment of the current state of transportation, identification of key challenges and op-
portunities, and evaluation of Saudi Vision 2030’s effectiveness, this study offers insights

1 Corresponding Author: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka,

Saudi Arabia; fkalanazi@ju.edu.sa

 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development 91

into the potential of sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure within the
kingdom.
The transportation sector in Saudi Arabia, responsible for approximately 27% of
the nation’s overall energy consumption, predominantly relies on private vehicles, with
an average of 2.4 cars per household [2]. This heavy reliance underscores the sector’s
significant role in shaping the country’s energy landscape, highlighting the urgency of
addressing energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. Saudi Vision 2030 aims to
tackle these challenges by implementing sustainable practices and integrating renewable
energy sources to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact.
Saudi Arabia boasts the 10th largest road network globally, spanning an impres-
sive total length of 627,000 kilometers [3]. However, rapid urbanization and population
growth have led to increased traffic congestion, particularly in major cities, impeding
productivity and economic growth. Saudi Vision 2030 prioritizes sustainable transporta-
tion objectives to address these challenges and enhance the efficiency of the transporta-
tion system.
The Saudi government’s commitment to investing $100 billion in sustainable trans-
portation projects by 2030 underscores its dedication to making the kingdom a global
transportation and logistics hub [4]. These investments encompass the development of
high-speed rail lines, electric buses, and smart traffic management systems, reflecting
a proactive approach towards embracing innovative technologies and intelligent infras-
tructure solutions to minimize environmental impact.
Renewable energy integration, particularly through solar power, plays a pivotal role
in Saudi Arabia’s sustainable transportation and infrastructure development agenda [5].
By encouraging the adoption of renewable energy sources for powering transportation
infrastructure, the kingdom aims to decrease dependence on fossil fuels and advance its
renewable energy objectives, fostering a more sustainable transportation ecosystem in
the long term [6].
Several noteworthy projects exemplify Saudi Arabia’s commitment to sustainable
transportation and intelligent infrastructure. The Haramain High-Speed Rail, connecting
the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, is set to significantly reduce travel time and en-
hance connectivity [7]. Similarly, the Riyadh Metro, under construction in the capital
city, aims to alleviate traffic congestion and promote sustainable urban development [8].
Furthermore, the Neom Smart City project embodies sustainable development principles,
integrating intelligent transportation systems to create an eco-friendly urban environment
[9].

2. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

Sustainable transportation aims to meet societal needs while safeguarding the environ-
ment and considering future generations, while intelligent infrastructure enhances trans-
portation systems through information and communication technologies [10,11]. The im-
perative for sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure development lies in
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving public health, alleviating traffic conges-
tion, enhancing energy efficiency, promoting safety, and driving economic development.
Saudi Vision 2030, a long-term plan for economic and social development, seeks
to diversify Saudi Arabia’s economy beyond oil and gas reliance by enhancing existing
92 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development

sectors like transportation and developing new ones such as tourism and manufacturing
[12]. Through investments and measures to reduce traffic congestion and enhance public
transportation, the vision aims to create a more attractive living and working environ-
ment.
Substantial investments within the transportation sector under Saudi Vision 2030 in-
clude expanding Riyadh’s light rail network, constructing a high-speed rail line between
Mecca and Medina, promoting electric vehicle adoption, and developing intelligent traf-
fic management systems. These initiatives anticipate reducing congestion, improving air
quality, and creating job opportunities. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind
power offer potential for sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure devel-
opment in Saudi Arabia by powering electric vehicles and transportation infrastructure,
reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and mitigating environmental impact [13,14].
The integration of renewable energy into Saudi Vision 2030 aligns with the country’s
goal of becoming more environmentally friendly and technologically advanced. Through
investments in solar and wind power projects, Saudi Arabia aims to power transporta-
tion infrastructure with clean energy sources, reducing carbon emissions. Concrete ex-
amples demonstrate the impact of Saudi Vision 2030 and renewable energy integration
on sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure development. Projects like the
Riyadh Metro, government subsidies for electric vehicles, and investments in intelligent
transportation systems illustrate progress in congestion reduction, safety improvement,
and clean energy adoption.
The pursuit of sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure development
is integral to Saudi Arabia’s future, guided by Saudi Vision 2030. Initiatives to integrate
sustainable transportation, intelligent infrastructure, and renewable energy aim to en-
hance air quality, energy efficiency, safety, and livability. Saudi Arabia’s commitment to
smart city initiatives, exemplified by projects like the King Abdullah Financial District
in Riyadh and the ”Smart Saudi Cities” program, further underscores its dedication to
technological advancement and sustainability. Projections indicate significant growth in
the smart city market driven by government investments and initiatives.
There are several examples of Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastruc-
ture Initiatives in Saudi Arabia. One prominent initiative is the Riyadh Metro, which is
a major sustainable transportation project in the country. The Riyadh Metro consists of
six metro lines, covering a total length of 176 kilometers, and serves key areas in the
capital city. In addition to its extensive coverage, the metro system incorporates intelli-
gent infrastructure elements such as automated train control systems, real-time passenger
information systems, and smart ticketing. The primary goal of the Riyadh Metro is to
provide a reliable and efficient public transportation option to reduce traffic congestion
and enhance mobility in the city.
Another notable initiative is the promotion of electric vehicle (EV) adoption. The
Saudi government has implemented various measures to encourage the use of EVs in the
country. These measures include subsidizing EV purchases, establishing EV charging
infrastructure, and providing incentives to EV manufacturers. As a result, there has been
a significant increase in the number of registered EVs in Saudi Arabia. By transition-
ing from conventional internal combustion engine vehicles to EVs, the country aims to
achieve two key objectives: reducing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing reliance
on fossil fuels.
 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development 93

Saudi Arabia is also investing in intelligent traffic management systems to optimize

traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance road safety. These systems utilize technolo-
gies such as smart traffic lights, traffic monitoring cameras, and advanced data analytics.
By collecting real-time traffic data and implementing intelligent algorithms, traffic man-
agement systems can dynamically adjust signal timings and optimize traffic flow, leading
to improved efficiency and reduced congestion on road networks.
The integration of smart grids into transportation infrastructure is another important
aspect of intelligent infrastructure development in Saudi Arabia. Smart grids play a cru-
cial role in facilitating the efficient and reliable charging of electric vehicles by manag-
ing electricity demand and supply in real-time. Through advanced communication and
control technologies, smart grids enable the seamless integration of renewable energy
sources and optimize energy distribution. This integration promotes the sustainability of
transportation systems by effectively utilizing renewable energy and optimizing energy
management processes.
Furthermore, Saudi Arabia’s commitment to renewable energy is driving the devel-
opment of transportation infrastructure powered by clean energy sources. Solar power
and wind power projects are being deployed to provide energy for electric vehicle charg-
ing stations, street lighting, and other transportation systems. By utilizing renewable en-
ergy, Saudi Arabia can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy independence,
and promote sustainable transportation.
Lastly, Saudi Arabia is embracing public bike-sharing systems in cities like Riyadh
and Jeddah. These systems offer residents and visitors a convenient and eco-friendly
mode of transportation for short-distance trips. By promoting cycling as a sustainable
transportation option, Saudi Arabia aims to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality,
and encourage physical activity.
These examples illustrate the diverse range of sustainable transportation and intel-
ligent infrastructure initiatives in Saudi Arabia. The convergence of multiple initiatives,
including the expansion of public transportation, increased adoption of electric vehicles,
intelligent traffic management, smart grid implementation, and renewable energy inte-
gration, collectively fosters the establishment of a sustainable and efficient transportation
system in Saudi Arabia. These endeavors are in alignment with the objectives set forth
by Saudi Vision 2030, reflecting a strong commitment to creating an environmentally
friendly and livable environment for the country’s residents.

3. METHODOLOGY

This section outlines the methodology used to investigate the research questions: (1)
What is the impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on sustainable transportation and intelligent
infrastructure development in Saudi Arabia? (2) What are the key challenges and oppor-
tunities facing sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure development in
Saudi Arabia? (3) What is the potential for renewable energy integration in sustainable
transportation and intelligent infrastructure development in Saudi Arabia?
This research employs quantitative research methods to answer these research ques-
tions. The approach has been chosen as it provides an in-depth understanding of the re-
search questions. Quantitative data will be collected through a comprehensive review of
secondary data sources, including governmental reports, statistical databases, and aca-
94 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development

demic literature, to analyze the impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on sustainable transporta-
tion and intelligent infrastructure in Saudi Arabia. Specific indicators such as the growth
rate of sustainable infrastructure, rate of renewable energy integration, and changes in
transportation patterns will be extracted and analyzed.
Despite the comprehensive nature of the approach, certain limitations are antici-
pated. These include potential bias in secondary data sources and possible limitations in
the availability of up-to-date and comprehensive data.
This research methodology will provide a rigorous and comprehensive analysis of
the impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastruc-
ture, the challenges and opportunities in these areas, and the potential for renewable en-
ergy integration. The findings will contribute valuable insights to the ongoing debate on
sustainable development in Saudi Arabia and the wider region.

4. RESULTS

This section presents the findings of the research, addressing the three research ques-
tions raised earlier. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of
Saudi Vision 2030 on sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure develop-
ment in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the findings offer valuable insights into the prospects
of these areas in the country. Through meticulous analysis and interpretation of the col-
lected data, this research sheds light on the transformative effects of Saudi Vision 2030
and its implications for the advancement of sustainable transportation and intelligent in-
frastructure in Saudi Arabia. The following subsections provide a detailed account of the
research findings, offering a comprehensive exploration of the research questions and
their implications for the future development of sustainable transportation and intelligent
infrastructure in the context of Saudi Vision 2030.

4.1. (RQ1)

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 has driven sustainable transportation and infrastructure de-
velopment, with a focus on environmental sustainability, technology, and quality of life.
The government’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and investing in renew-
able energy has increased the share of renewable energy in the power mix, which will
significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector.
The government has introduced electric and hybrid vehicles, aiming for 30% of
vehicles on the road to be electric or hybrid by 2030. This shift will reduce emissions,
improve air quality, and make the transportation system more efficient. Investments in
intelligent transportation infrastructure, such as smart traffic lights and self-driving cars,
have improved traffic flow and reduced congestion.
The government has also developed public transportation, including buses and
trains, offering citizens more sustainable travel options. Policies incentivizing electric ve-
hicles, such as subsidies and incentives, have been implemented, leading to a significant
increase in EV adoption rates.
Saudi Vision 2030 has had a substantial impact, increasing the share of renewable
energy, electric and hybrid vehicles, and improving air quality, traffic flow, and quality
of life. Saudi Arabia is making significant progress toward building a greener and more
efficient transportation system that benefits both the environment and its residents.
 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development 95

4.2. (RQ2)

Saudi Arabia is facing several key challenges in the development of sustainable trans-
portation and intelligent infrastructure. Firstly, the country exhibits a high reliance on
private vehicles, with over 200 cars per 1,000 people, contributing to traffic congestion,
air pollution, and climate change [15]. The public transportation system is also rela-
tively underdeveloped, particularly in rural areas, making it difficult for people to com-
mute without a car. Additionally, there is a lack of investment in sustainable transporta-
tion technologies, such as electric vehicles and public transportation, due to factors like
high costs and insufficient government incentives [16]. The development of intelligent
transportation infrastructure poses another challenge as it requires significant financial
resources, estimated at around 100 billion by the Saudi Ministry of Transportation [17].
Lastly, the reliance on extensive data and technology in intelligent transportation systems
exposes them to cybersecurity risks, potentially disrupting transportation services and
posing security threats [18].
Despite these challenges, there are notable opportunities for sustainable transporta-
tion and intelligent infrastructure development in Saudi Arabia. The government has
demonstrated its commitment to sustainable development through initiatives like Vision
2030, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 27% and increase the share
of renewable energy to 50% by 2030 [12]. The country’s growing population, projected
to reach 40.5 million by 2030, coupled with a steadily growing economy, provides op-
portunities for the demand-driven development of transportation infrastructure and ser-
vices (World Bank, 2020). Moreover, the availability of technology advancements, such
as electric vehicles, self-driving cars, and smart traffic management systems, presents
avenues for sustainable transportation solutions [19].
To capitalize on these opportunities, investments in research and development
(R&D) are crucial. The Saudi government’s commitment to R&D in sustainable trans-
portation will aid in developing new technologies and innovative solutions to address
the challenges faced. By harnessing these opportunities and implementing comprehen-
sive strategies that address the challenges, Saudi Arabia can pave the way for sustain-
able transportation and intelligent infrastructure development, contributing to a greener
and more efficient transportation system in the country. Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 aims
to create a sustainable future for the country, including the integration of renewable en-
ergy into the transportation sector [20,4,21]. This study explores specific application sce-
narios and the technological maturity considerations for promoting renewable energy in
transportation.
The government can encourage the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by providing
subsidies, tax exemptions, and investing in charging infrastructure. Solar-powered trans-
portation, such as electric buses and trains, has potential but faces challenges related to
intermittency and energy storage. Green transportation corridors, which prioritize alter-
native modes of transportation, can be established with reduced tolls or priority access
and infrastructure investments. Alternative fuels, such as hydrogen fuel cells, biofuels,
and synthetic fuels, can be encouraged with incentives, subsidies, and infrastructure in-
vestments. Public transportation, including buses and trains, can be promoted through
reduced fares and infrastructure improvements. Integration with other modes of trans-
portation is a challenge that needs to be addressed. By supporting these initiatives, the
government can promote sustainable transportation practices and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
96 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development

Saudi Arabia has a unique opportunity to promote renewable energy in transporta-

tion through the adoption of EVs, development of solar-powered transportation, estab-
lishment of green transportation corridors, utilization of alternative fuels, and investment
in public transportation. By providing incentives and investing in infrastructure, the gov-
ernment can reduce the country’s dependence on fossil fuels and achieve the goals out-
lined in Saudi Vision 2030 for a sustainable future [21].

4.3. (RQ3)

Saudi Arabia’s commitment to sustainable development and its pursuit of renewable en-
ergy solutions have sparked significant interest in the potential for renewable energy inte-
gration in sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure development. This pa-
per aims to comprehensively analyze and quantify this potential by considering various
factors, including renewable energy resources, targets, projects, electric vehicle adoption,
and charging infrastructure. Through this examination, the study seeks to establish the
viability and prospects of renewable energy integration in Saudi Arabia’s transportation
and infrastructure sectors.
Saudi Arabia boasts abundant renewable energy resources, with a particular empha-
sis on solar and wind energy. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
reports that the country possesses the world’s highest solar radiation levels, averaging
2,320 kWh/m2 per year. Such conditions make it an ideal location for solar energy pro-
duction. Furthermore, the western and northern regions exhibit favorable wind resources,
characterized by average wind speeds of 2.5-3.5 m/s, as confirmed by the Saudi Energy
Ministry.
Demonstrating its dedication to reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting
sustainable development, Saudi Arabia has set ambitious targets for renewable energy
integration. As part of its Vision 2030, the country aims to generate 50% of its electricity
from renewable sources by 2030, aligning its objectives with global sustainability goals
[12].
Saudi Arabia has demonstrated tangible progress in renewable energy integration
through the launch of several projects, including solar and wind power plants. The
King Salman Renewable Energy Initiative, for instance, endeavors to develop 10 GW
of renewable energy capacity by 2023. Additionally, the Saudi Energy Ministry has an-
nounced plans to establish 15 GW of wind energy capacity by 2025, further solidifying
the nation’s commitment to renewable energy development [22].
Saudi Arabia acknowledges the significance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions
and decreasing dependence on fossil fuels. In pursuit of these goals, the country has set
specific targets for the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). By the year 2030, Saudi Ara-
bia aims to have EVs account for 30% of the total vehicles in operation, thereby paving
the way for a more sustainable transportation system that aligns with global environmen-
tal objectives. This commitment demonstrates Saudi Arabia’s dedication to embracing
clean energy solutions and fostering a greener future for its transportation sector [12].
To facilitate the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, Saudi Arabia is actively
investing in the development of a robust charging infrastructure. The country has out-
lined plans to install 10,000 charging points by 2025, ensuring that up to 200,000 elec-
tric vehicles can be accommodated. This infrastructure development will facilitate the
convenience and accessibility of electric vehicles, further incentivizing their adoption
[23].
 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development 97

The comprehensive analysis of quantitative data unequivocally demonstrates that

Saudi Arabia possesses substantial potential for renewable energy integration in sus-
tainable transportation and intelligent infrastructure development. The country’s abun-
dant renewable energy resources, ambitious targets, ongoing renewable energy projects,
and plans for electric vehicle adoption and charging infrastructure collectively indicate
a strong commitment to sustainable development. By capitalizing on these opportuni-
ties and continuing to invest in research, development, and innovation, Saudi Arabia can
successfully transition towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly trans-
portation system. This transition will not only contribute to mitigating climate change
and reducing air pollution but also foster economic growth and development within the
country.
Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 aims to create a sustainable and resilient transportation
system, and leveraging advanced technologies such as 5G, IoT, and autonomous driving
can help achieve this goal. 5G networks can create a connected and intelligent trans-
portation system, enabling real-time communication and smart traffic management. IoT
technology can establish a network of sensors for real-time monitoring and management
of infrastructure, improving traffic flow, safety, and maintenance. Autonomous driving
can enhance safety and efficiency, reduce traffic congestion, and improve mobility for
the elderly and people with disabilities. The integration of these technologies can pro-
vide real-time data and insights for better decision making, supporting the development
of smart cities and sustainable transportation practices.
Autonomous driving technology has the potential to revolutionize transportation
systems. Integration with smart infrastructure enables enhanced safety by reducing acci-
dents caused by human error, reduced traffic congestion through coordinated traffic flow
among autonomous vehicles, and improved efficiency of public transportation through
optimized routes and reduced waiting times. Additionally, advanced technologies such
as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics can further optimize the
transportation system. By utilizing these tools, data analysis can be conducted using di-
verse sources such as traffic sensors, social media, and GPS data, resulting in enhanced
traffic management, congestion reduction, and improved safety.
By leveraging advanced technologies like 5G, IoT, and autonomous driving, Saudi
Arabia can create a sustainable and efficient transportation system aligned with the goals
of Vision 2030. These technologies offer economic benefits such as reduced transporta-
tion costs, improved accessibility, and potential for new industries. Furthermore, the in-
tegration of renewable energy sources can contribute to environmental sustainability by
reducing dependence on fossil fuels and improving air quality. Continued research and
investment in these technologies will be instrumental in achieving Saudi Arabia’s vision
for smart mobility infrastructure and sustainable transportation.

5. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

This section discusses the detailed economic analysis of specific projects implemented
under the Saudi Vision 2030 strategy, including long-term operating costs, economic
benefits, and environmental benefits [20].
1. Haramain High-Speed Rail:
The Haramain High-Speed Rail is a 450 km high-speed rail project that connects the
holy cities of Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia. The project was completed in 2018
98 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development

and operates at a speed of 300 km/h, reducing the travel time between the two cities to
just 2 hours.
Long-term operating costs include fuel costs: The rail network uses electricity to
operate, and the cost of electricity in Saudi Arabia is relatively low. Assuming an average
electricity cost of $0.05 per kWh, the annual fuel cost for the Haramain High-Speed
Rail is estimated to be around $10 million. Maintenance costs: The rail network requires
regular maintenance to ensure smooth operations. Assuming an average maintenance
cost of $10 million per year, the total long-term operating costs for the Haramain High-
Speed Rail would be around $20 million per year.
Economic benefits include increased tourism: The Haramain High-Speed Rail has
made it easier for pilgrims to travel between Mecca and Medina, which has led to an
increase in tourism in both cities. According to a report by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of
Hajj and Umrah, the number of Umrah pilgrims increased by 30% in 2019 compared to
the previous year, resulting in increased revenue for local businesses and boosting the lo-
cal economy. Reduced traffic congestion: The rail network has reduced traffic congestion
on the roads, making it easier for people to travel between the two cities. This has also
reduced the number of accidents and improved air quality due to reduced emissions from
vehicles. Job creation: The construction and operation of the Haramain High-Speed Rail
have created thousands of jobs for Saudi nationals, contributing to the local economy
and reducing unemployment rates.
Environmental benefits include reduced carbon emissions: The Haramain High-
Speed Rail is powered by electricity, which reduces the carbon emissions associated with
traditional transportation methods. According to a report by the Saudi Arabian Ministry
of Energy, the rail network has reduced carbon emissions by 200,000 tons per year. Re-
duced noise pollution: The rail network has reduced noise pollution compared to tra-
ditional transportation methods, improving the quality of life for people living in the
surrounding areas.
2. Riyadh Metro:
The Riyadh Metro is a 3-line metro system that spans 176 km and has 85 stations.
The project was completed in 2019 and has revolutionized public transportation in the
city.
Long-term operating costs include fuel costs: The metro system uses electricity to
operate, and the cost of electricity in Saudi Arabia is relatively low. Assuming an average
electricity cost of $0.05 per kWh, the annual fuel cost for the Riyadh Metro is estimated
to be around $20 million. Maintenance costs: The metro system requires regular mainte-
nance to ensure smooth operations. Assuming an average maintenance cost of $15 mil-
lion per year, the total long-term operating costs for the Riyadh Metro would be around
$35 million per year.
Economic benefits include increased mobility: The Riyadh Metro has improved mo-
bility for residents and visitors, making it easier for people to travel around the city.
This has increased economic activity, as people can now easily access different parts of
the city for work, shopping, and entertainment. Reduced traffic congestion: The metro
system has reduced traffic congestion on the roads, making it easier for people to travel
around the city. This has also reduced the number of accidents and improved air quality
due to reduced emissions from vehicles. Job creation: The construction and operation of
the Riyadh Metro have created thousands of jobs for Saudi nationals, contributing to the
local economy and reducing unemployment rates.
 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development 99

Environmental benefits: The Riyadh Metro is powered by electricity, which reduces

the carbon emissions associated with traditional transportation methods. According to
a report by the Riyadh Transportation Authority, the metro system has reduced carbon
emissions by 200,000 tons per year.

6. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

The study examines the impact of Saudi Vision 2030 on sustainable transportation and
intelligent infrastructure in Saudi Arabia, along with the integration of renewable energy
sources. Based on the findings, several policy recommendations have been proposed.
To promote sustainable transportation, incentives should be provided for electric
and hybrid vehicles, including tax exemptions and charging infrastructure investments.
Public transportation systems should be modernized and expanded to reduce reliance on
personal vehicles. Non-motorized transportation infrastructure, such as dedicated cycling
and walking lanes, should be developed. Smart traffic management systems utilizing data
analytics and IoT technology can optimize traffic flow.
Investments in electric vehicle charging infrastructure are crucial, including the es-
tablishment of fast- charging stations throughout the country. Encouraging the use of
renewable energy in transportation can be achieved through subsidies for biofuels, hy-
drogen fuel cells, and other alternative fuels. To integrate renewable energy into the
transportation sector, increasing renewable energy production is essential. Targets for so-
lar, wind, and hydroelectric power should be established. Energy storage technologies
like batteries and hydrogen fuel cells should be supported. Incentives and investments
in charging infrastructure should be extended to renewable energy-powered transporta-
tion. Green infrastructure investments, such as green roofs and urban forests, should be
made to mitigate the urban heat island effect and improve air quality. Sustainable urban
planning principles, such as compact, walkable neighborhoods, should be promoted.
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) can play a significant role in reducing develop-
ment costs and leveraging private sector expertise, resources, and innovative solutions.
PPPs enable risk sharing, reduce the financial burden on the government, and drive ef-
ficiency in project delivery. They also provide access to private sector financing, sup-
plementing public funds for infrastructure development. Successful examples of PPPs in
Saudi Arabia include the Riyadh Metro Project, Saudi Arabian Railways (SAR) Project,
and King Abdulaziz International Airport (KAIA) Project [1,24,25].
Finally, the implementation of sustainable transportation and intelligent infrastruc-
ture in Saudi Arabia requires policy measures such as incentives for electric vehicles,
investments in public transportation and non-motorized infrastructure, smart traffic man-
agement systems, and the integration of renewable energy sources. Leveraging PPPs can
accelerate development by accessing private sector expertise, financing, and innovation.

7. CONCLUSION

Saudi Vision 2030 aims to transform the transportation and infrastructure sectors in Saudi
Arabia, promoting sustainability and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The study
highlights the significance of this vision and provides policy recommendations to en-
100 F. Alanazi and M. Alenezi / Sustainable Transportation and Intelligent Infrastructure Development

hance its implementation. Key challenges include transitioning to electric and hybrid ve-
hicles, promoting public transportation, and developing non-motorized transportation in-
frastructure. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power,
holds immense potential for sustainable transportation and infrastructure development.
The study emphasizes the importance of increasing renewable energy production and
investing in energy storage technologies. The promotion of renewable energy-powered
transportation, green infrastructure, and sustainable urban planning would reduce green-
house gas emissions, improve air quality, and enhance livability. The research findings
emphasize the potential for Saudi Arabia to substantially decrease its dependence on fos-
sil fuels and lay the foundation for a sustainable future. Achieving this vision requires
collaboration and prioritization among policymakers, stakeholders, and the wider soci-
ety.

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