CAPSTONE PROJECT PROPOSAL
Submitted to
Computer Science Department
Advisor
[Advisor Name]
[Devin Jaera] [R204456J]
CLOUD COMPUTING AND INTERNET OF THINGS
13 OCTOBER 2023
1 PROJECT PROPOSAL
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Many companies still use manual attendance systems, such as sign-in sheets or fingerprint scanners.
These systems can be time-consuming and error-prone, and they may not provide the level of detail
or insights that businesses need. An automated attendance system can help companies to:
Improve accuracy and efficiency: Automated systems can automatically track employee attendance,
eliminating the need for manual entry and reducing the risk of errors.
Gain insights into employee behavior: Automated systems can provide detailed reports on employee
attendance patterns, such as tardiness, absenteeism, and overtime. This information can be used to
identify areas of improvement and make better decisions about staffing and scheduling.
Improve compliance: Automated systems can help companies to comply with labor laws and
regulations related to employee attendance.
A comprehensive attendance system should include the following features:
Automatic time tracking: The system should be able to automatically track when employees arrive
and depart, as well as their breaks and lunchtimes.
Real-time reporting: The system should provide real-time reports on employee attendance, so that
managers can identify any potential problems early on.
Integration with other HR systems: The system should be able to integrate with other HR systems,
such as payroll and performance management systems.
An automated attendance system can provide a number of benefits to companies, including:
Increased productivity: By automating the attendance process, companies can free up employee
time to focus on other tasks.
Reduced costs: Automated systems can help companies to reduce costs associated with overtime,
absenteeism, and employee turnover.
Improved compliance: Automated systems can help companies to comply with labor laws and
regulations related to employee attendance.
Better decision-making: Automated systems can provide detailed reports on employee attendance
patterns, which can be used to identify areas of improvement and make better decisions about
staffing and scheduling.
Overall, an automated attendance system can be a valuable investment for any company that wants
to improve its efficiency, productivity, and compliance.
1.2 NOVELTY OF THE PROJECT
An attended attendance system brings a number of innovations to the traditional attendance
process, including:
Accuracy and efficiency: Attended attendance systems use a variety of methods to track employee
attendance, such as facial recognition, GPS tracking, and mobile apps. These methods are much
more accurate and efficient than traditional manual methods, such as sign-in sheets and fingerprint
scanners.
Real-time insights: Attended attendance systems provide real-time insights into employee
attendance patterns. This information can be used to identify and address potential problems early
on, such as tardiness, absenteeism, and unauthorized absences.
Improved compliance: Attended attendance systems can help companies to comply with labor laws
and regulations related to employee attendance. For example, some systems can generate reports
that show how many hours each employee has worked, which can be used to ensure that employees
are not being paid overtime.
Enhanced security: Attended attendance systems can also help to improve security in the workplace.
For example, facial recognition systems can be used to identify and track unauthorized visitors.
In addition to these general innovations, attended attendance systems can also offer a number of
specific features that can be beneficial for businesses of all sizes. For example, some systems can be
integrated with other HR systems, such as payroll and performance management systems. This can
help to streamline administrative tasks and improve the overall efficiency of the business.
Overall, attended attendance systems offer a number of innovative features that can help businesses
to improve their efficiency, productivity, compliance, and security.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aims and objectives of an attended attendance system are to:
Improve accuracy and efficiency: Attended attendance systems use automated methods to track
employee attendance, which is much more accurate and efficient than traditional manual methods.
Provide real-time insights: Attended attendance systems can provide real-time data on employee
attendance patterns. This information can be used to identify and address potential problems early
on, such as tardiness, absenteeism, and unauthorized absences.
Improve compliance: Attended attendance systems can help companies to comply with labor laws
and regulations related to employee attendance.
Enhance security: Attended attendance systems can also help to improve security in the workplace.
For example, facial recognition systems can be used to identify and track unauthorized visitors.
In addition to these general aims and objectives, attended attendance systems can also be used to
achieve specific business goals, such as:
Reduce costs: Attended attendance systems can help companies to reduce costs associated with
overtime, absenteeism, and employee turnover.
Improve productivity: By automating the attendance process, attended attendance systems can free
up employee time to focus on other tasks.
Make better decisions: Attended attendance systems can provide detailed reports on employee
attendance patterns, which can be used to identify areas of improvement and make better decisions
about staffing and scheduling.
Overall, attended attendance systems are designed to help businesses improve their efficiency,
productivity, compliance, and security.
Here are some specific examples of how attended attendance systems can be used to achieve
business goals:
A retail company could use an attended attendance system to track employee attendance and
identify which shifts are most prone to tardiness and absenteeism. The company could then use this
information to develop strategies to reduce these problems.
A manufacturing company could use an attended attendance system to track employee hours and
ensure that employees are not being paid overtime for unauthorized work.
A security company could use an attended attendance system to track employee locations
throughout the day and ensure that employees are where they are supposed to be.
Attended attendance systems can be a valuable tool for businesses of all sizes. By understanding the
aims and objectives of attended attendance systems, businesses can choose the right system for
their needs and achieve their desired goals.
1.4 PROJECT SCOPE
The project scope of an attendance system will vary depending on the specific needs of the
organization. However, there are some core features that are typically included in the scope of most
attendance systems, such as:
Employee registration and management: The system should be able to register and manage
employee information, such as name, employee ID, department, and job title.
Attendance tracking: The system should be able to track employee attendance in real time. This can
be done using a variety of methods, such as facial recognition, GPS tracking, or mobile apps.
Reporting: The system should be able to generate reports on employee attendance patterns. These
reports can be used to identify areas of improvement and make better decisions about staffing and
scheduling.
In addition to these core features, some attendance systems may also include additional features
such as:
Leave management: The system may be able to track employee leave requests and approvals.
Integration with other HR systems: The system may be able to integrate with other HR systems, such
as payroll and performance management systems.
Security features: The system may include security features such as two-factor authentication and
data encryption.
When defining the project scope for an attendance system, it is important to consider the specific
needs of the organization. For example, a large organization with multiple locations may need a
more complex system with features such as integration with other HR systems and security features.
A small business may be able to get by with a simpler system with just the core features.
It is also important to define the scope of the project in terms of budget and timeline. Attendance
systems can range in price from a few hundred dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. The cost of
the system will depend on the features and functionality that are required. The timeline for the
project will also depend on the complexity of the system and the resources that are available.
Once the project scope has been defined, it is important to develop a project plan that outlines the
tasks that need to be completed and the resources that will be needed. The project plan should also
include a timeline and a budget. By carefully defining the project scope and developing a project
plan, organizations can ensure that their attendance system project is successful.
1.5 LITERATURE REVIEW
Attendance systems have been used in workplaces for many years, but the technology has evolved
significantly in recent years. Traditional attendance systems, such as sign-in sheets and time clocks,
are being replaced by more sophisticated systems that use automated methods to track employee
attendance. Most times, it is difficult to spot employees who have arrived late at work because of
the method of timesheets or attendance registers, which is a manual system of attendance gathering
widely used in organizations till date (Arif et al, 2018)
Automated attendance systems offer a number of advantages over traditional systems, including:
Accuracy and efficiency: Automated systems are much more accurate and efficient than manual
systems. This is because automated systems eliminate the need for human intervention, which
reduces the risk of errors.
Real-time insights: Automated systems can provide real-time data on employee attendance patterns.
This information can be used to identify and address potential problems early on, such as tardiness,
absenteeism, and unauthorized absences.
Improved compliance: Automated systems can help companies to comply with labor laws and
regulations related to employee attendance. For example, some systems can generate reports that
show how many hours each employee has worked, which can be used to ensure that employees are
not being paid overtime.
Enhanced security: Automated attendance systems can also help to improve security in the
workplace. For example, facial recognition systems can be used to identify and track unauthorized
visitors.
A number of studies have shown that automated attendance systems can have a positive impact on
businesses. For example, one study found that automated attendance systems can reduce
absenteeism by up to 20%. Another study found that automated attendance systems can improve
employee productivity by up to 5%.
As the technology continues to evolve, automated attendance systems are becoming more
affordable and accessible to businesses of all sizes. As a result, more and more businesses are
adopting automated attendance systems to improve their efficiency, productivity, compliance, and
security.
Attendance monitoring is a critical component of organizations in today's fast-paced commercial and
educational environments, ensuring accurate records of participation and activities within the
organization. This work comes as a solution to the challenges of time theft and error prone
attendance data analysis faced by using the manual method (Nkolika et al, 2021).
Yadav and Bhole (2019) developed a prototype of a cloud-based end-to-end Smart Attendance
System to solve the problems of manual attendance system prevalent in school and colleges by
performing automated attendance record generation, reporting, monitoring and alert generation for
different stakeholders of the educational institute
Here are some specific examples of automated attendance systems:
Facial recognition attendance systems: These systems use facial recognition technology to identify
and track employees as they enter and leave the workplace.
Finger print attendance system: Rasika et al (2016) proposed a biometric attendance management
system that makes use of a fingerprint acquisition module and an attendance module resident on a
personal computer configured with a Zigbee module which operates as the transmitter and receiver
node
GPS tracking attendance systems: These systems use GPS tracking to track employee locations
throughout the day.
Mobile app attendance systems: These systems allow employees to clock in and out using a mobile
app.
Automated attendance systems can be a valuable tool for businesses of all sizes. By understanding
the benefits of automated attendance systems and the different types of systems that are available,
businesses can choose the right system for their needs and achieve their desired goals.
1.6 USER AND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS GATHERINGS
The following are some of the user requirements for the Attendance system:
Users should be able to easily register and manage employee information, such as name, employee
ID, department, and job title.
Users should be able to track employee attendance in real time.
Users should be able to generate reports on employee attendance patterns.
Users should be able to request and approve employee leave.
Users should be able to access the system from a variety of devices, including desktop computers,
laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
System Requirements
The following are some of the system requirements for the Attendance system:
Operating system: Debian, Ubuntu, or any other Linux distribution
Web server: Nginx or Apache
Database: MySQL
PHP: PHP 7.0 or higher
Additional Requirements
The following are some additional requirements for the Attendance system:
The system should be secure and protect employee data from unauthorized access.
The system should be scalable to accommodate a growing number of users and employees.
The system should be easy to use and maintain.
The Attendance system is a powerful and flexible software that can help businesses of all sizes to
manage their employees more effectively. By understanding the user and system requirements for
the attendance system, businesses can choose the right configuration for their needs and achieve
their desired goals.
1.7 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1
The attendance system is a cloud-based software that provides a comprehensive suite of features for
managing employees. The system is built on a modular architecture, which allows businesses to
choose the features and functionality that they need.
The core features of the Attendance system include:
Employee management: This module allows businesses to register and manage employee
information, such as name, employee ID, department, and job title.
Attendance management: This module allows businesses to track employee attendance in real time
and generate reports on employee attendance patterns.
Leave management: This module allows businesses to track employee leave requests and approvals.
The Employee Leave management system is a system which will be used to implement in the
institutes, where it becomes easy for the employee’s to apply leave. The software helps the
employees to apply leave from anywhere and the permission to grant the leave by the
administrative department can also be done from anywhere at any time (Shetty et al , 2017)
Payroll management: This module allows businesses to calculate and manage employee payroll.
Performance management: This module allows businesses to track employee performance and set
goals.
In addition to the core modules, the attendance system also offers a number of additional features,
such as:
Recruitment management: This module helps businesses to manage the recruitment process, from
job postings to applicant screening and interviews.
The attendance system is accessible from a variety of devices, including desktop computers, laptops,
tablets, and smartphones. This makes it easy for employees to access the system from anywhere, at
any time.
The Attendance system is a powerful and flexible HR software that can help businesses of all sizes to
manage their employees more effectively. By understanding the conceptual framework and
architecture of the Attendance system, businesses can choose the right configuration for their needs
and achieve their desired goals.
Conceptual Framework [see Fig1]
The conceptual framework of the Attendance system is based on the idea that HR software should
be comprehensive, flexible, and easy to use. The system is designed to help businesses of all sizes to
manage their employees more effectively, regardless of their industry or size.
Architecture
The Attendance system is built on a modular architecture, which allows businesses to choose the
features and functionality that they need. This makes the system scalable and affordable for
businesses of all sizes.
The system is also cloud-based, which means that it can be accessed from anywhere, at any time.
This makes it easy for employees to access the system from home, the office, or on the go.
The Attendance system is a powerful and flexible software that can help businesses of all sizes to
manage their employees more effectively. By understanding the conceptual framework and
architecture of the Attendance system, businesses can choose the right configuration for their needs
and achieve their desired goals.
1.8 METHODOLOGY
1.8.1 SOFTWARE /ARTEFACT DEVELOPMENT MODEL
The software development model is the framework that a team uses to develop software. It defines
the steps that the team will follow to develop the software, as well as the roles and responsibilities
of each team member.
There are many different software development models, but some of the most common include:
Waterfall model: The waterfall model is a linear model that divides the software development
process into distinct phases. Each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin.
Agile model: The agile model is an iterative and incremental model that focuses on delivering
working software quickly and often. The software development process is divided into short sprints,
and the team works on new features and fixes bugs in each sprint.
Spiral model: The spiral model is a risk-driven model that combines elements of the waterfall and
agile models. The team works through a series of cycles, each of which includes planning, risk
analysis, engineering, and construction.
Rational Unified Process (RUP): The RUP is a comprehensive software development model that
provides a framework for managing all aspects of the software development process, from
requirements gathering to deployment and maintenance.
The best software development model for a particular project will depend on a number of factors,
such as the size and complexity of the project, the budget and timeline, and the team's experience.
How to choose the right software development model
There are a few things to consider when choosing the right software development model for your
project:
The size and complexity of the project: If you are developing a large and complex project, you may
want to consider a more structured model, such as the waterfall model.
The budget and timeline: If you are on a tight budget or have a short deadline, you may want to
consider a more agile model.
The team's experience: If you have a team of experienced software developers, you may be able to
use a more flexible model, such as the spiral model.
It is also important to consider the specific needs of your project. For example, if you are developing
a project that is subject to regulatory compliance, you may need to choose a model that provides
more traceability and documentation.
Once you have considered all of these factors, you can choose the software development model that
is best for your project.
1.8.2 REQUIRED TOOLS
The proposed software development model and approach, prescriptions, tools, equipment, and
steps required to complete the project. Tools may include, but are not limited to, modeling, project
management, and code generation tools.
For this project, we will be implementing the Waterfall model. The waterfall model is a sequential
software development model that divides the software development process into distinct phases,
each of which must be completed before the next phase can begin. The phases of the waterfall
model are typically as follows:
Requirements gathering: The team gathers and analyzes the requirements for the software.
System design: The team designs the overall architecture of the software.
Implementation: The team implements the software according to the design.
Testing: The team tests the software to ensure that it meets the requirements.
Deployment: The team deploys the software to production.
Maintenance: The team provides maintenance and support for the software after it has been
deployed.
The waterfall model is often seen as the best software development model for large and complex
projects. It is a well-structured and predictable model that provides a clear roadmap for the project
team.
Here are some of the advantages of the waterfall model:
Clear structure and predictability: The waterfall model is a well-structured and predictable model
that provides a clear roadmap for the project team. This can be helpful for large and complex
projects, where it is important to have a clear plan in place.
Easy to manage: The waterfall model is easy to manage because it is a sequential model. This means
that each phase of the project must be completed before the next phase can begin. This can make it
easier for project managers to track the progress of the project and identify any potential problems
early on.
Reduced risk: The waterfall model reduces the risk of project failure by requiring each phase of the
project to be completed before the next phase can begin. This helps to ensure that any problems are
identified and fixed early on, before they can cause major delays or cost overruns.
Thorough testing: The waterfall model requires the software to be thoroughly tested before it is
deployed. This helps to ensure that the software meets the requirements and is free of defects.
However, the waterfall model also has some disadvantages:
Lack of flexibility: The waterfall model is a rigid model that does not allow for much flexibility. This
can be a problem for projects where the requirements are not well-defined or where the
requirements change frequently.
Long development times: The waterfall model can lead to long development times, as each phase of
the project must be completed before the next phase can begin. This can be a problem for projects
where there is a tight deadline.
High cost: The waterfall model can be expensive to implement, as it requires a lot of planning and
documentation. This can be a problem for projects with a limited budget.
Overall, the waterfall model is a well-structured and predictable software development model that is
well-suited for large and complex projects. However, it is important to be aware of the
disadvantages of the waterfall model before choosing to use it.
Whether or not the waterfall model is the best software development model depends on the
specific needs of the project. If the project is large and complex, and the requirements are well-
defined, then the waterfall model may be a good choice. However, if the project is small and simple,
or if the requirements are not well-defined, then a more agile model may be a better choice.
1.10 RISKS AND CHALLENGES
Some of the most common technical challenges of PHP applications include:
Security: PHP applications are often vulnerable to security attacks, such as SQL injection and cross-
site scripting (XSS). It is important to take steps to protect PHP applications from these attacks, such
as using prepared statements and escaping user input.
Performance: PHP applications can sometimes be slow, especially if they are not well-optimized. It is
important to optimize PHP applications for performance, such as using caching and avoiding
unnecessary database queries.
Scalability: PHP applications can sometimes be difficult to scale to meet the demands of a large user
base. It is important to design PHP applications with scalability in mind, such as using a load balancer
and caching.
Testing: PHP applications can be difficult to test, especially if they are complex. It is important to use
a testing framework to test PHP applications thoroughly.
Debugging: PHP applications can be difficult to debug, especially if they are large and complex. It is
important to use a debugging tool to debug PHP applications effectively.
In addition to these general technical challenges, PHP applications may also face specific challenges
depending on the specific technologies and frameworks that are being used. For example, PHP
applications that use a database may face challenges related to database performance and
scalability.
Despite these technical challenges, PHP is a popular and powerful language for developing web
applications. By understanding the technical challenges of PHP applications, developers can take
steps to mitigate these challenges and develop high-quality, secure, and scalable PHP applications.
Here are some tips for addressing the technical challenges of PHP applications:
Security:
Use prepared statements to prevent SQL injection.
Escape user input before displaying it on the page or storing it in the database.
Use a security framework to help protect your application from common attacks.
Keep your PHP version up to date.
Performance:
Use caching to store frequently accessed data.
Avoid unnecessary database queries.
Use a profiler to identify performance bottlenecks.
Optimize your code for speed.
Scalability:
Use a load balancer to distribute traffic across multiple servers.
Use a database that is scalable and can handle a large number of concurrent connections.
Design your application to be horizontally scalable.
Testing:
Use a testing framework to test your application thoroughly.
Write unit tests, integration tests, and system tests.
Test your application with different browsers and devices.
Debugging:
Use a debugging tool to step through your code line by line.
Use error logs to identify and fix errors.
Ask for help from other developers if you are stuck.
1.13 SUMMARY
Attendance system is a cloud-based software that provides a comprehensive suite of features for
managing employees. It is a powerful and flexible system that can help businesses of all sizes to
manage their employees more effectively.
Attendance system offers a variety of features, including:
Employee management: Attendance system allows businesses to register and manage employee
information, such as name, employee ID, department, and job title.
Attendance management: Attendance system allows businesses to track employee attendance in
real time and generate reports on employee attendance patterns.
Leave management: Attendance system allows businesses to track employee leave requests and
approvals.
Performance management: Attendance system allows businesses to track employee performance
and set goals.
Attendance system is a scalable and affordable solution for businesses of all sizes. It is easy to use
and maintain, and it can be accessed from anywhere, at any time.
Here are some of the benefits of using Attendance system:
Increased efficiency: Attendance system can help businesses to automate many of their tasks, such
as payroll processing and leave management. This can free up employees to focus on other tasks,
such as customer service and sales.
Improved compliance: Attendance system can help businesses to comply with labor laws and
regulations related to employee management.
Reduced costs: Attendance system can help businesses to reduce costs associated with HR tasks,
such as payroll processing and employee training.
Better decision-making: Attendance system provides businesses with insights into their employee
data, which can help them to make better decisions about HR strategies and initiatives.
Overall, Attendance system is a comprehensive and powerful software that can help businesses of all
sizes to improve their efficiency, compliance, costs, and decision-making.
1.14 REFERENCES
1 Dr. Nkolika O. Nwazor , Mumuni M. Olusolape, 2021, Cloud based Attendance Management
and Information System, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH &
TECHNOLOGY (IJERT) Volume 10, Issue 09 (September 2021),
2 Walia, H., & Jain, N. (2016). Fingerprint Based Attendance Systems-A Review. International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) 3(5); 1166 – 1171.
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V3/i5/IRJET-V3I5237.pdf
3 Yadav, V., & Bhole, G. (2019). Cloud Based Smart Attendance System for Educational Institutions.
2019 International Conference on Machine Learning,
Big Data, Cloud and Parallel Computing (COMITCon), 97-102.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8862182
4 Mane, A.; Autkar, T.; Pimple, C.; Sonkusare, R. and Weakey, S. (2021). Fingerprint Based
Attendance Management System. Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative
Computing & Communication (ICICC) 2021. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3832700 or
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3832700
5 Arif, Z.H. ; Ali, N.S.; Zakaria, N.A and Al-Mhiqani, AttendanceManagement SystemforEducational
Setor:CriticalReview. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing,7(8); 60-
66.
6 Faragardi, H.R. Ethical Considerations in Cloud Computing Systems. Proceedings 2017, 1, 166.
https://doi.org/10.3390/IS4SI-2017-04016
7 Sowjna.K.Shetty , Garima Jha , Pruthvi.R.Raju , Sai Sagar.K.R. Volume 2 - 2017, Issue 6 – June
https://goo.gl/vDFfjv
