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DNA Polymorph first complete ger +3. Sanger sequenced thi i a 1-4, Minisatellites, also known as n which the repeat unit is up to bpin length + 5. Microsatellites, also called .. +, whose repeats are usually bpor and assembly g graph algorithms and can be categorized i eA: Chromosome w 2, The current q ea 13. Genome scaffolding AA. Genomic stu 15, Two different nucleotides app eae individuals is defi 16, DNA ne evaluates three vital accuracy ly is divided into two basie areas. ing at the same position in genomic DNA trom different lecular markers such as... (92215) ib 15 oe nl Ansell Saga 2 38 1, What does the typical NGS workflow consist of? adaptor ligation, and data ings li \d PCR tion, and PCR 2. How does ay By coi b. By compa By looking 9 d. By breaking down the results of pyroyequenc of nucteotides present in the DNA. zyme tags associated with correspond with ng the byproducts, h nucleotide. 1g. nucleotide, a dd 3. Which of the following sequence fea € Unique DNA sequence f, Long repetitive regions of DNA sequ g. Multiple 1¢ reads on both str bh. igh-q s causes difficulties assembling a contig? nds, ity sequence reads. sie stith the following genes: AaBb x aabb. They had 400 offspriv Of these, there were 150 AaBb, 50 Aabb, b and 150 aabb. Are these genes linked? II s calculate the MU. Gans A. Yes; 33 MU B. Yes: 25 MU C. Ampossible to determine D. No S.A type of whole genome sequencing called Sanger Sequencing was used (0 Sequence the first human genome. at ‘ rue B. False 6. coverage depth results in increased confidence in variant identification. A. Decreased 7 —Beincreased C. Equal 7. Whole genome sequencing methods include: ‘A. Clone-by-clone _B Whole genome shotgun C. Both A and B Neither 8. Genetic markers are portions of a ‘whose inheritance patterns can be followed, A. unidentifiable, genes B. unidentifiable, chromosome i _-G. identifiable, chromosome D. identifiable, genes * 72 Strenaihs of whole genome sequencing using next-generation sequencing methods include: ‘A. Ability to obtain information on the entire genome B. Less costly than traditional n C. Faster time compared to tra D. All of the above 10. In automated DNA sequencing _ 'A, Radio-labelled dNTPs are used B. Radio-labelled ddNTPs are used 77 © Fluorescently labelled dNTPs are used D, Fluorescently labelled dNTPs are used 1h of the following is untrue about the genome mapping? It doesn’t lead (0 the understanding of a genome structure It involves identifying the relative locations of genes inheritance patterns. A. remotely related (0 B. related C. regardless of 1D. assoctated with ‘can comprise a large proportion of the eukaryotic genome a! ransposable elements, single cops sequences {transposable elements, repetitive sequences macrosatellite DNA elements, single copy sequences satellite DNA elements, single copy sequencesSpall acl aS pupaally all Sang | 14. variation in the length ofa restriction fragment detected by @ particular probe due (o hneleotide changes a a restriction site A. AFLP B.SSLP ZO RELP D. RAPD 15. In medical applications, the ultimate goal of gene mapping isto disease zene. : A. True False 16, The genome annotation process involves two steps: gene predi | LX True B, False (18) aba 15 ce a= UL 5 lg La ey gal al pal ne 22 Jp 1. Gene structures a 2. Prokaryotic genomes con genes. K include introns in protein-coding 3. The pairwise alignment programs are wot inyolved in gene annotation processes 7 ‘ 4. Biological processes are not described in gene ontology (GO) 5. Ifa newly sequenced gene or its gene product has signifi of functional assignment is taking place — 6. The centromeric and telomeric regions are located matches with a dat ase sequence, 3 transfe + in linkage mapping correlate with a specifi rs ee s frequencies between two liked genes are never eS 9. Upstream regutatory sequences can be used to locate the regions where genes bes 10. A sequence-tagged site (STS) is unique and easily recognizable —— 11. OLC starts withthe fragmentation process fr each read inset of reads (R) into length called Kemers . 12, Genes that arose by duplication within a species called ortholog + ~ 1B. Prendagedie isa nonf faonily ge— 14, expressed sequence tags ean be considered STS markers. 18, The number of repetitive elements fiideal (ond : 16, Protei ified by searching for open reading fr: (215) fi D Ali Cgc) ge HES Ce al ASNT AL Ce ah A. Bfiefly Mention the main classification of eukaryotic genome structure i B. You are working as part of a research team studying the structure and function of a particular ‘gene. What specific techniques or approaches would you use? Describe how the DNA sequence is obtained by (A) pyrosequencing, (8) Nanopore The figure depicted below showcases a substantial reduction in the cost associated with sequencing the human genome. Provide a brief discussion on this trend 9 Source (https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/DNA-Sequencing-Costs-Data} tt iB po ae tltS ease) p= plo S EA nea le ee pple Joe ler cae ar 8: oe! 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