Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Introduction
Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, reproduce sexually through the production of
flowers, which are specialized organs for reproduction. This document explores the process of
reproduction in flowering plants, including their structure, pollination, fertilization, and seed
formation.
Structure of a Flower
Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms. They consist of several parts, each
playing a vital role in reproduction:
1. Sepals: Protective leaf-like structures that enclose the flower bud.
2. Petals: Brightly colored structures that attract pollinators.
3. Stamens: The male reproductive organs, comprising the anther and filament.
4. Carpels (or Pistils): The female reproductive organs, consisting of the stigma, style, and
ovary.
Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. It can occur through various
agents:
1. Wind Pollination: Common in grasses and cereals.
2. Insect Pollination: Observed in flowers like roses and sunflowers.
3. Water Pollination: Rare and seen in aquatic plants like Vallisneria.
Fertilization
Fertilization occurs after pollination. The pollen grain germinates on the stigma, forming a
pollen tube that carries the male gametes to the ovule. The fusion of male and female gametes
forms a zygote.
Seed Formation and Dispersal
Post fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed, and the ovary becomes the fruit. Seed
dispersal ensures the spread of plants and can occur through wind, water, animals, or
self-dispersal mechanisms.
Significance of Reproduction in Plants
Reproduction in flowering plants is essential for:
1. Continuity of species.
2. Genetic variation and adaptability.
3. Economic importance through crop production.
Diagram 1: Structure of a Flower
This page contains a diagram illustrating Structure of a Flower.
Diagram 2: Pollination Process
This page contains a diagram illustrating Pollination Process.
Diagram 3: Fertilization in Plants
This page contains a diagram illustrating Fertilization in Plants.
Diagram 4: Seed Formation and Dispersal
This page contains a diagram illustrating Seed Formation and Dispersal.
