2: , ,& 21

2ND Quarter

5; 1:

• De jure governance
Refers to those governments which survives both in
fact and in accordance with law. Government that is
legally formed and recognized in accordance with
the applicable laws
• Example; recognize right of succession to public
POLITICAL SCIENCE
office.
▪ Is defined as the branch of social sciences
that deals with the study of the forms,
• De facto governance
kinds, branches, functions and structures of
Stated that those governments survives in fact but
politics and government. It also provides
not in harmony with the law. Government that is
the constitutional guaranteed rights and
formed and organized not in accordance with law
privileges guaranteed to every individual,
and is not recognized and accepted by the enabling
treats of their nature and aspects of political
laws and general public (those formed and organize
behavior. Political science is derived from
by group of individuals or belligerent communities
the two (2) Greek words, (polis) which
violating qualifying laws and statutes.
means city or state and (scire) which means
• Example; crimes, rebellion, sedition, inciting to
to know or to study.
sedition.

Three (3) branches of the government

AREAS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE under the 1987 Philippine
Internal Law Refers to the body of laws created, Constitution:
maintained, and recognized
between and among nations. The • Article VI: Legislative Department
agreements or contracts entered The legislative Department is represented by the
into must be complied with in congress The later consist of two (2) houses, the
good faith. upper house and that of the lower house. The upper
Public Law Provides the relationship between house composed of the House of Senate composing
the government and that of its of the elected senators and headed by the chosen or
inhabitants. It is viewed by virtue designated senate president in case of disputes and
of the implementation of the resolutions. The lower house comprises of the
enabling rule of law by the House of Representatives constituting the different
designated authorities and congressman and party-list representatives coming
electoral representative through its from different provinces of the country. The
citizens. primary function of this law making branch of
Private Law Undermines the relationship government is to create or make laws.
between and among individuals
living within the state or country. • Article VII: Executive Department
It also applies and carries an The executive department is headed by the
agreement between entered into president as the chief executive and the commander
by private partisans in chief of the armed forces. The Executive head is
Politics Refers to the understanding of the supported by his trusted cabinet members.
different activities. behavior, (Example; Department of Health, Department of
ideologies, policies and Justice and Department of Public Works and
procedures governing the state. Highways, etc.) The primary function of this
Public Refers to the branch of law that department is to implement and execute the laws
Administration deals with the effective and created by the legislature.
efficient organization and
administration of the government • Article VII: Judicial Department
including the Implementation of The judicial department composed of the Supreme
the designed or proposed rules, Court justices and judges of lower courts. The
laws, policies and procedures to be primary function of this branch of government is to
observed for the I betterment and interpret and construe the laws, to decide whether a
benefit of the general public. law is constitutional or not. In order for the Laws to
be legal and valid it shall not be contrary to laws.
Political Connotes a deeper study on the morals, good customs, public health, and public
philosophy or rationale or wisdom of the safety.
political implementation and application of
theories the enabling laws or statute.
Three (3) Essential powers of - Characterizes the absolute or supreme
the Government power is administered by the people
themselves.
• Police Power - It confers no right or reservations to a
Refers to the power of the state to restrict personal designated official but rather authority is
and property rights for the promotion of the General emanating from the general population of
welfare. people ruling the society.
Example; Mr. X is the owner of the pharmaceutical
company producing medicines. However, Advantage: each citizen has a voice in making
incidental waste chemicals are also produced which important decisions for the community.
is inimical or dangerous to the health of the
community. Now, by virtue of the police power of Disadvantage: difficulty to implement with huge
the government, the later will step forward in order populations because of the amount of time needed to
to protect the life and health of the general public. gather each citizen’s vote and opinion on issues.
It may order preventive measures or even mandate
the closure of the business. Indirect or Representative
Democracy
• Power of Eminent Domain - Signifies a reservation on the part of the
Refers to the power of the government to acquire electorate in favor of their chosen and
private property for the purpose of the utilization of designated officials to adhere on the
general public and payment of just compensation. principles and mandates of democracy.
Example; agricultural land which is subject to a - The representative will act for and in
proposed route for additional Expressway was behalf of the general democratic majority.
taken from a Farmer named Mr. Y by virtue of this
transaction, he is entitled to receive payment from Advantage: relatively easier to decide on issues,
the government. pass laws, and carry out their implementations.

• Taxation power Disadvantage: very difficult to consider the will of

Deals with the mandatory or compulsory every citizen. They resort to intelligent guesses to
involvement of individuals in order to support and decide what they think their constituents need.
meet the government expenses because without
collection of taxes, the Government cannot survive
without any funds to maintain itself. Taxes may be
categorized into a Direct or Indirect taxes
Example; Income tax and Value-added tax VAT. • Discrimination
Means, defeating the ideas and principle of being
just, fair, rational and reasonable. It explains the
improper imposition of equal treatment and practice
Greek word Demos (the people) and in handling persons where the latter is supposed to
kratein (to rule) "to rule the people" be treated alike Moreover, unending diversities and
Is one of the most important principles for individual differences are some of the compelling
a better world. In its truest sense, a reasons that represents the presence of
democracy is a community in which all discrimination This factor greatly hampers vision of
members have an equal say in the running equality among people It is available whenever
of that community. Unfortunately, in management is improperly allocated or given to
reality, democratic societies have fallen individuals who is rightfully entitled to receive the
short of this ideal. same dealing or treatment.
Is commonly defined as the kind of
Government that provides equal rights and People are being discriminated and isolated by
opportunities to its inhabitants. The general reason of the following diversities;
welfare of the people is the primordial • Races
consideration in developing nations. As to • Gender
the form of government, the Philippines • Culture Origin
has a Presidential form of government. • Age Religion
However, as to the kind of government, the • Physical Appearances
Philippines is a democratic kind of • Disability Sickness
government ruled by the masses or the • Lowly stations in life,
popular will of the general public • Status and the Like.
Democracy has proven its reign as the hope
for the masses since the viva voice of the • Political marginalization/crisis
majority is clearly and loudly heard by the The political atmosphere of every country no matter
sovereign leaders of the society. how to establish and resilient will not escape itself
from encountering political crisis and predicaments.
There is no absolute political system that can deviate
from any of the administrative issues and problems.

Direct or Absolute Democracy

The following represents the reasons of political Example; Right to life, rights to be secured in one's
crisis and distress of every state: person and right to live freely.
• Ineffective/ Bad Governance.
- Is present whenever Government authority and b. Civil Rights - and (example; Right to own a
parliamentary officials representing the people property, rights to enjoy privileges accorded to
centers on their Personal interest rather than public being a citizen of a country)
service or interest.
Example: Graft and Corruption practices and Red c. Political Rights - rights that protect individual's
tapes freedom from infringement by government, social
institution, and private individual. (ex. Right to run
• Lack of Discipline and love in for elective office, right to suffrage)
their own respective country.
Example: non-adherence to Nationalism and Other right from rule of law.... Freedom of
patriotism speech, Freedom of worship, freedom of
association.
• Refers to the improper
implementation of laws, customs, 4. Suffrage - Civil and political rights. Every citizen,
good morals, good customs rules, and within the recognized legal age, has the right to
regulations. participate in elections by casting a vote regardless
Example: Observance of Negative values, traits, and of sex, religion, political affiliation, educational
attributes of people. attainment and socio-economic status. They are
entitled to one vote.
• Blatant abuse of power and
authority of officials. 5. Freedom of speech - ensures that the citizen are
Example: Great and high positions mandate greater able to voice out their agreement, disagreement,
responsibility. Circumventing the law to maintain affirmations, criticism, and proposal to their
position must be condemned in the administrative government.
system
Too much of using the "Freedom of Speech"
• Economic distress and reverses Libel - a crime broadly characterized by
through improper management and maliciously publishing an article or write-up that
administration. may be detrimental to a person's character or may
Example: Without proper coordination, economic cause dishonor.
planning and strategic development. Oral Defamation - someone telling lies about
you.

6. Pluralism - people are entitled to diverse beliefs

Democratic Interventions and opinions, which may result in the becoming part
It refers to the ways in which a government of different organizations with varying thrust and
regulates or interferes with the various activities or advocacies. ex. In government administration vs.
decisions made by individuals or organizations opposition.
within its jurisdiction. The effects of this can be
positive or negative.
4
Democratic Participation 1. The People
Is the empowerment of people to effectively - A collective group of individuals with varying
involve themselves in creating structures, designing political and religious beliefs who freely decided to
policies and programs that serves that interest of all. live together in a particular geographical area and
It requires association with other people. mutually consented to form a democratic nation.
- Citizens of the nation wherein these citizen are
regarded as equals.

2. Equality
- We are equal in the eyes of the law (morally equal),
not necessarily because we are naturally equal in
1. Rule of Law - ensures that the rights and freedom every respect, but because we have to be placed in a
of citizens are protected and no one is above the law. status of equality so that we may be governed fairly
All citizens stand as equals in the eye of the law. and receive the equal protection of the law (legal
equality).
2. Separation of Powers - check and balances. - People in democracy has an equal right to rule and
Powers are distributed among the executive, an equal right to vote.
legislative and the judiciary
3. Common Good
3. Basic rights and freedom: - What is good for the people. Every action should
be done is for the well-being of the people and not
a. Human Rights - a right that is believed to belong for their personal well-being nor for the benefit of a
justifiably to every person particular majority.
 • Government
4. Representation - Is understood and referred to as the legitimate
The use of Representatives – the ones who are authority running of controlling the state.
authorized to take appropriate and necessary actions
within the government that would be beneficial for • People
the common good of the people. - Refers to the subject of the legitimate Government
Inhabiting the territory. Humanity and mankind
living and occupying a given place or location.

There is an increase disenchantment of the state • Sovereignty

of society in our globalized world. In a study about - Are those considered as an intangible
democratic participation in different countries in the manifestation of powerful rights allotted to every
globe, 44 out of 47 countries that took part in the state and enforce legitimate authority to its
study asserted that the conditions of a good society inhabitants. Not to be compelled nor mandated
were not met (Barry Knight: 2002) through orders by other foreign entity or external
forces.
Undemocratic practices breed social ills that
haunt societies in the planet. Dissatisfaction of • Freedom
citizens with their governments includes: - It is sometimes understood or interchangeably used
A) failure to meet their basic needs that create as independence or freedom from control by other
profound insecurities; countries.
B). failure to protect them from the sweeping winds
of economic change where they lose their customs
and traditions, and;
C). failure to involve its citizens in its policies and • Democracy
programs. - Is commonly defined as the kind of Government
that provides equal rights and opportunities to its
Basic Needs inhabitants. The general welfare of the people is the
- Failure to meet basic needs is a common complaint primordial consideration in developing nations.
among many societies in the world today. There was - As to the form of government, the Philippines has
a growing gulf between rich and poor droving the a Presidential form of government. However, as to
former to extra-legal activities such as theft and the kind of government, the Philippines is a
prostitution. democratic kind of government ruled by the masses
or the popular will of the general public.
Association emocracy has proven its reign as the hope for the
- Undemocratic practices undermine the traditional masses since the viva voice of the majority is clearly
bonds of family and kinship threatened by the and loudly heard by the sovereign leaders of the
pressures of work, urbanization and migration. The society.
distancing of government concerns from the lives of - According to Lee Kuan Yew, regarded as one of
ordinary people weakened customary forms of the most influential leader of Singapore and first-
accountability and led to a highly corrupt, self- elongated serving prime minister, the need of the
seeking, inefficient, and partisan state. Philippines is not limited or concentrated on the
implementation of democracy.
Participation - but rather the so called “right discipline” in a
Citizens play their part by: democratic country.
(1) engaging in collective action to perform - Democracy materializes in the Philippines after the
voluntary work with others in order to tackle presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, Martial law was
problems and; declared and by reason of lawless violence in the
(2) participating in political processes to play an region.
active role in relation to the state in order to ensure - It is evidenced by the uncontrollable extra-judicial
that the state opened itself up to the influence of killings, enforced disappearances, maltreatment of
citizens. citizens and supreme control on powers of
dictatorship. Later on, Dictatorial government was
overthrown and resisted by the people paving the
enlightening path of." democracy.
- The well planned assassination of Senator Ninoy
• Territory
Aquino ignite the light needed by the people to
- Refers to the definite location where the people live
timely pursue democratic government.
or sojourn. This is the place or locale where people
- Indeed, Democracy represented and imaged by the
protect their internal and natural resources.
aspiring president Cory Aquino (wife of Ninoy
- Understanding territorial jurisdiction and extent of
Aquino) led the people power revolution. Having no
territory is necessary to determine applicability of
arms or ammunitions , other than the most powerful
laws and jurisprudence.
defense.
- At that time, the "rosary". Democracy finally set in
and overthrown authoritarian by reason of the
unified vocal sound of the people shouting freedom.
 videoconferencing, and alternative
technological learning.
6: 1: • It also includes all technology used to
Manage telecommunications, social media,
networking systems, transmission and
( ) transistor mechanism, basic network
control, monitoring positions and
Information Communication functions.
Technology • As to meaning. Technology is simply
- ICT derive its meaning as the mode or process of defined as the branch of technological
incorporating the necessary elements and science that deals with the knowledge of
information, communication and medium of creation and use of technical means akin to
everyday measures. Communication entails their relationship with life, community and
effective In towards mutual understanding. environment.
- The translucent application and adoption of • In simple terms, technology refers to those
Information communications technology is regarded machineries, equipment, devices,
as the dominating direction of both developed and computers, tools and automobile that
developing countries in their respective projected provide solution to any field of human
development. activity.
- The presence of technology transfer arrangement,
novelty, creative inventions, intellectual property 3:
recognition and sharing are the core areas for faster
advancement in the millennial world. The Scope and dimensions of
- It encompasses all kinds of technologies and technology
intermediaries required to deliver suitable ▪ In this Chapter, it will showcase and
information and communication. The challenges present the different parameters, scopes
and demands of the 21st century leads the people to and dimensions of technology. The present
modernization environment. situation is an evidence and proof of
- Increasingly concerned with the major issues and necessity to clearly examine and explore
cultivating the sense of commitment to foster the theoretical complexities of technology.
socially accountable and responsible individuals in ▪ To provide a conceptual basis, better
the use of technology. understanding and to acquire sufficient
- The utilization of technology has merged knowledge on the foundation and need to
throughout a larger compound of human activity. It study Technology
largely inflict great impact in the lives of the
community and contributes sufficiently in the period Basically, there are four (4) different
of globalization and modernization. dimensions of technological
- For the past generation. technological exploitation, advancement, improvement and
inventions and improvements seems to grow fast as development, namely, the object
new innovations was introduced by different knowledge, activity, and volition
countries alike from time to time. (Mitcham, 1979)
- Moreover, the presence of global innovative
competition allows neighboring countries to (1) Technology as an object.
enhance their research designs and models that can o It deals with those tangible materials called
produce fresh and inventive item to cater variety "objects" that we dominantly use to provide
demands of marketplace readily available to serve solutions on our task, an example of which
the public enterprise. are the equipment's, machines, tools and
the like Moreover, this dimension is also
2: referred as the "hardware" that is created to
provide relief and solve practical problems.
Understanding the implications of During the past, it is commonly and
ICT popularly known as "Objet d'art or
• Information Communication Technology Artefact. It includes any human creations
(ICT), by way of application, connotes or masterpiece of technology which
wider and broader in scope. includes information- processing in
• It generally refers to an idea that includes innovative ideas and possessing
any form of communication devices or intermediary capacity
measures in the atmosphere of technology
that is used to convey, transfer, deliver, (2) Technology as knowledge.
manipulate and store data by the use of o In common parlance, technology makes
electronic means. use of the solicitation on "formal
• ICT comprises and compose of the knowledge" It refers to the application of
different innovative gadgets like radio, science and technology producing and
television, cellular phones, computer and concluding better outcomes. The presence
network hardware and software, satellite of knowledge furnish and supports
systems including teleconferencing. individual skills, talent, capacity. ability
 and expertise involved in the making and - Technology alone cannot survive. It needs
using of the objects. humanity to fill in the holes. The active
collaboration of human resources and technology
(3) Technology as process. deliver greater advantage. Having technology gives
o Technology primarily involves process. It a positive result, efficiency and production.
deals with the proper procedures, steps and
protocols on related activities applying For example, in the agricultural sector, the
technical knowledge and capability. It combination of human services and the use of the
mandates faithful observance and control modern harvester or reaper implies less cost
of systematic operations. efficiency thereby benefitting profusely the land
owner.
(4) Technology as a preference, choice, will or
volition. ✓ Building linkages, connections and
o An effective way to produce sustainable relationships
and well- grounded technology must be - One great advantage and contribution of
driven with unrestricted motivation and technology is evident in terms of availability of
stable will power. On that note, it will access to numerous information and improving
captivate sufficient knowledge necessary communications. It influences movements and
to overcome technological crisis on the enabled us to stay in contact with friends and
physical world and instead hold on to families. It is one of basis of our global society.
stronger inspiration to design new Absence of technology produce difficulties in
products, processes and systems. delivering communication and correspondence.
o In general, the aforementioned dimensions
of technology must be present in an ✓ Channeling Workplace
existing technology. These are - By the use of internet and Technology, it enhance
indispensable requirements and elements employment related concerns, employees can now
to better understand the concept of work from virtual offices and communicate with
technology. However, through emergence businesses and individuals across the globe. Wide
of positive competition. There is a variety of responsibilities and duties are
possibility that one dimension is available, accomplished from an employee's home or while on
prominent or dominant than the other. In travel by the use of technology
modern scenario, technology requires
acquisition of more scientific knowledge
✔ Increased Careers in Technology
than that of traditional approach, in which,
- Nowadays Careers in computer science and
skillful activity is also appreciated other
information technology continue to grow.
than technical recognition.
Employment in these fields are among the top global
profession. In every institution, corporation,
business or establishment, an IT specialist and its
4: services are being all over the world.

Advantages and benefits of ✓ Technology for Easier and Convenience of life

technology - The presence of technology provides solution to
• In general, technology has brought power and unending human demands and needs. It has
influence on our lives. Among the observations and lightened the workloads and quality of work we put
benefits of technology are the following frontward Technology has proven its essence and
purpose in improving the quality of life of persons
✓ Technology for Advance Learning Its viability and availability definitely provide total
- Learning is a continuous process. The use of human convenience.
technology makes it possible for leaming to advance
in terms of application. It benefits recipients by Disadvantages and difficulties of
enhancing leaming styles and techniques. It technology
transformed countless hours studying from a book • The birth of continuous development and
into the use of operational internet. Interactive technological progression creates a better,
websites are accessible everywhere. convenient and easier life There is no doubt that it
made life relaxed and hassle-free especially in the
Today, the present generations are called different fields of science, business, education,
"millennials". They are the ones adopting and medicine, communications and agriculture.
embracing Technology The young generations can Nevertheless, similar to others, even technology has
easily cope with innovation and easily learn the new its fallbacks, setbacks or adversary effects.
technology. Conversely, some persons especially
those born in the previous age bracket tend to resist The following submits the negative side of
technology, meaning refusing technological unstoppable and irresistible development of
learning. technology;
• Technological dependency or enslaves
✓ Technology for Collaboration. - Too much usage of information technology bears a
psychological influence on technical dependence.
Replacing the normal and natural way of dealings teaching, learning is much enthusiastic and
and transactions efficient by integrating technology as its
• Addiction and obsession best, such as computers, portable devices,
- Nowadays: Teenagers in their adolescence age are social media and networks, software
the very subject of technology fascination. Spending applications internet and the like.
extensive time playing computer games and surfing
the net till moming to dawn. This is unpleasant since
it will ripen into a habit that destroys the career and
well-being of the youth
• Subject to harassment
- Unwarranted exposure to internet websites gives
the chance to be the subject of harassment and cyber
bullying Information here and then are elicited
violating the right to privacy of individuals.
• Social Isolation and loneliness
- The judgmental community and discriminatory
practices of society aggravates social isolation.
Since everything can be found through the use of
technology, many people neglect to experience
physical affection and socialization. Instead they
choose to explore and be hooked into the virtual
world of technology.

• Employment flux ➢ Apparently it serves as a vital role in the

- The decisive vision and goals of businesses and community and plays significant part of the
organizations all over the globe is to generate learning process. For example, Students are
revenue and earn more profit In this manner, they more often actively engaged in projects
are not prohibited to choose and adopt technologies when technology is incorporated.
that gives lesser cost of expenditures and more on ➢ In the arena of business, significant
income. The shift to technology utilization rather changes in the workplace are the result of
than human workforce generally result to loss of new and advanced technology. In order to
employment, retrenchment and recall. save time and money, many investors opt
Example: introduction of new technology to choose the use of labor saving devices
substituting human in factory outlets and business and machineries than to elect human
establishments. forces. Companies prefer more refined
technology to help manage their business.
• Unhealthy lifestyle Modified programs that meet the detailed
- By the presence of modernization and technology, needs of business are becoming more
almost everything can be made through the use of common as businesses engaged the
technology However, there are still considerable services of functional technology.
number of things that produces better result when
made in a natural way.
Example: an example of which is the normal or
natural method of physical exercise and fitness
7: 1:
regime.

5: 1. Connections, Relationships, and Networks

2 .The Neural and Social
Effective and efficient utilization
of technology
➢ The popular representation of technology
in contemporary day refers to the world of ▪ Neural is a computer system modeled on
computers. Information technology the human brain and nervous system.
become such an important aspects of our While Social networking is the practice of
lives. As our need and demands increases, expanding the number of one's business
technology also evolves and develops, the and/or social contacts by making
influence of technology bears huge connections through individuals, often
impression on our personal lives. through social media sites such as
Technology is continuously and rapidly Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Google
developing. It is an process and demands +.
continuity of learning. ▪ Neural networks (also referred to
➢ In everyday living, we definitely rest on the as connectionist systems) are a
use technology. admit it or not. many of us computational approach, which is based on
now depends on innovation and a large collection of neural units (AKA
technology. In the schools and university, artificial neurons), loosely modeling the
from traditional teaching to advance way a biological brain solves problems
 with large clusters of biological neurons Social Network
connected by axons. - Social networking is the practice of expanding the
▪ The school can enjoy linkages and number of one's business and/or social contacts by
networking activities with international, making connections through individuals, often
national and local organizations in the through social media sites such as Facebook,
community for mutual benefits and Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google+.
assistance needed.
▪ Linkage and networking are different in the ▪ Based on the six degrees of separation
degree of commitment by the partners. concept (the idea that any two people on the
▪ In linkage, the relationship between partner planet could make contact through a chain
organizations is quite loose, while in of no more than five intermediaries), social
networking, it is much stronger, usually networking establishes interconnected
because the groups and agencies have online communities (sometimes known as
common objectives and beneficiaries. social graphs) that help people make
▪ Networking is basically extending the contacts that would be good for them to
outreach of the resources in different ways know, but that they would be unlikely to
so as to increase the effectiveness of the have met otherwise.
program.
▪ Depending on the social media platform,
members may be able to contact any other
member. In other cases, members can
Ø A relationship structure wherein the members of
contact anyone they have a connection to,
the network are able to share resources with one
and subsequently anyone that contact has a
another.
connection to, and so on. Some services
Ø A network is composed of several institutions
require members to have a preexisting
(consortium) of several college of different
connection to contact other members.
universities that bind together for a common goal.
Ø Work together to attain common objectives,
▪ While social networking has gone on
undertake innovative practices and update members
almost as long as societies themselves have
regarding breakthrough in different disciplines.
existed, the unparalleled potential of the
Web to facilitate such connections has led
Kinds of Networks: to an exponential and ongoing expansion of
1. Human Network that phenomenon. In addition to social
2. Knowledge Network media platforms, the capacity for social
3. Computer Network interaction and collaboration is
4. Trade Network increasingly built into business
5. Ecological Network applications.

Linkages Global Social Media Analytics

Ø Intends to serve members of both sides according ▪ Before running through the top 10 social
to their respective needs, interest, and objectives media apps list, here are some exciting data
Ø Create bonds together to solicit support and for you to agree on the global influence of
assistance for purposeful activities the internet and social media in 2020.
• World’s population — 7.715 billion
National and Local Linkages • Mobile phone users — 5.112 billion
Ø It is established between universities and colleges • Internet users — 4.388 billion
offering identical degrees in which cross-enrolment
• Social media users — 3.484 billion
for subjects needed for graduation is allowed.
Ø It is also a joint researches that could be conducted
by two or three universities depending on their field 10
of expertise.
2020
Networks can be considered as linkages if they link
one network to another creating a bigger network. 1. Facebook:
Facebook has the highest user base that is steadily
3 active. Facebook controls the world with its limitless
potential and multiple features.
1. Bonds – links to people based on a sense of
common identity. 2. Instagram:
Ex. Family, close friends, people who share our Instagram Stands as another best social media app
culture and ethnicity design that has become a sensation in its initial
2. Bridges – links that stretch beyond a shared sense stages itself. Instagram has millions of users
of identity. throughout the globe, which is increasing every day.
Ex. Distant friends, colleagues, and associates Instagram is introducing new development to
3. Linkages – links to people of groups further up engage and increase the user base.
and down the social ladder.
3. Twitter:
Image for post, Twitter is a recognized real-time
public micro- blogging network. Users can stay up
to date with this app. Twitter is also a suitable
platform for customer service.

4. Pixalive:
Pixalive is India’s first-ever social Networking app.
It is an all-in-one app with so many features under a
single umbrella. Utmost all the app consumes time
and memory, but this app has the features of so many
apps standing as a replacer for so many apps. This
app seems to be a complete package of social media.

5. YouTube:
YouTube is one of the top Video Streaming apps.
You can upload or view a file with a maximum size
of 128GB or 12 hours and does not restrict the
number of videos you can upload in your registered
YouTube account. YouTube stands as a second-
largest search engine next to Google. So, if you wish
to promote your brand or earn money, it’s a great
tool to do so.

6. LinkedIn:
LinkedIn is the app suitable for professionals
throughout the world. It is simple for users to get
improved by themselves and their businesses. Users
can gather information about Companies, Industries,
and Institutions by following their LinkedIn page

7. TikTok:
TikTok is mainly focusing on video sharing social
media app. It has beat the record of Instagram and
Facebook with a higher number of downloads in
2018. TikTok has recently acquired Musical.ly,
another video-sharing app.

8. Snapchat:
Snapchat has gained the attention of millions, with a
unique feature of self-destruction ‘Snaps’ — the
photos, videos, or messages disappear after a few
seconds. The first app to incorporate the ‘Stories’
option, which gained popularity in other popular
apps like Instagram and Facebook.

9. WeChat:
WeChat is basically a messaging app that now
allows the users to call, message, shop online, make
online transactions, booking taxies, etc. This app is
being popular in China and some parts of Asia.

10. Pinterest
Pinterest is a major player in the social media world
for sharing infographic content, that proves how
important visual content is. It is the quickest
standalone mobile app that has touched millions of
monthly users which made it a massive influencer.
Having a presence on Pinterest can help you make
your brand stay in the minds of consumers.