311/1

History and Government

Paper 1
Marking scheme
SECTION A
1. -it’s the study of material remains from past human life and culture.
1 x1= 1mark
2. -Pokot
-Bok
-marakwet
-Saboat
-Kipsigs
- Keiyo
-bongomek
Any 2 x1= 2marks
3. -settle disputes.
-maintained law and order.
-organized territorial defence.
-declared war and peace.
Any2 x1= 2marks
4. -trading activities.
-intermarriage.
-settlement of Arab traders along the Coast.
2 x1=2 marks
5. -A person has a legal right to belong to two countries.
1 x1=1 mark
6. -Through bribery and other corrupt practices some citizens are denied their rightful share
of goods and service leading to animosity.
1 x1=1 mark
7. -United States of America.
-Uganda.
-France
-Federal Republic of Germany.
Any 1 x1=1 mark
8. -development rights.
-protection rights.
-survival rights.
-participatory rights.
Any 1 x1= 1mark
9. - The 1890 Anglo-German Agreement (Heligoland treaty).
1 x1=1 mark
10. -Europeans were given large tracks of land.
-they were assured of African labour.
-they were given protection.
-they were given loans.
2 x1= 2marks
11. -Kenya African National Union (KANU)
- Kenya African Democratic Union. (KADU)
2 x1=2 marks
12. - They provided nationalist with financial support.
- They gave nationalists material support eg vehicle.
- They motivated nationalists.
Any 2 x1= 2 marks
13. -supervise the counting of votes.
-to assist the illiterate and physically challenged to vote.
- To ensure voters cards are valid.
- Announce results for the polling stations.
- Ensure order in the polling stations.
Any 2 x1=2 marks
14. -Harambee is basically a call for Kenyans to exercise self reliance through concerted efforts in order
to supplement government resources in various development projects.
1 x1=1 mark
15. -constant wrangling of leaders.
- Mismanagement of funds.
- Lack of adequate modern training facilities.
-discrimination and favourism when choosing the national team.
-demoralization of sportsmen and women.
Any 2 x1=2 marks
16. -county governor.
1 x1=1 mark
17. -Amount of revenue the government plan to raise.
- The source where the government intend to raise revenue from.
- How the government intend to spend the revenue.
Any 2 x1=2 marks
SECTION B

18 . (a) Give five effects of the migration and settlement of the Abaluhia.
-they intermarried with their neighbours.
-they traded
- They fought/conflicts.
- They adopted cultural practices.
-they assimilated other groups.
-they displaced some communities.
-population increased.
Any 5 x1=5 marks
(b) Describe the social organization of the Luo during the pre colonial period.
-the Luo were organized into clans each with a common ancestry.
- Marriage between members of the same clan was prohibited.
-they believed in the existence of one God (Nyasaye).
- They prayed to God through priests.
- They worshipped ancestral spirits.
-they had sacred places set aside for worship.
- They initiated their youth into adulthood.
-they celebrated important occasions such as harvest through dancing, wrestling and eating.
 Any 5 well explained points =5 x2=10 marks
19. (a) Identify five methods employed by the British to occupy Kenya.
-signing treaties with chiefs of prominent communities.
- They tricked Africans to give out their land.
- They used force/ military conquest.
- They set up administrative posts/ operation bases.
- They used missionaries to persuade Africans.
-they occupied areas previously under IBEACo rule.
Any 5 x1=5 marks
(b) Explain five negative effects of the British colonial rule on the people of Kenya.(10 marks)
- Colonial rule led to loss of political independence.
- Land alienation led to emergence of squatters.
- It led to introduction of forced labour among Africans.
- led to introduction of taxation on Kenyans.
- Colonial rule undermined African cultural practices.
- It destroyed traditional African political systems replacing them with appointed leaders.
- Creation of colonial boundaries split communities and affected their social cohension.
-African traditional economies were disrupted.
5 x2=10 marks
20. (a) State three ways in which the government of Kenya facilitates the acquisition
of land for Africans after 1963.(3 marks)
- resettling people in irrigation schemes.
- Encouraging people to form cooperatives/ land buying companies.
- Opening up former white highlands for willing buyers.
-consolidation/adjudication of land to enable farmers to maximize their production.
- issuing title deeds to make ownership legal.
3 x1=3 marks
(b) Explain six challenges facing the agricultural sector in Kenya today.(12 marks)
- Poor infrastructure in some parts of the country has led to great loss of farm produce.
-the unstable prices of agricultural products on the local and world markets.
-Various parts of the country are occasionally hit by famine and drought.
-lack of adequate finances for farmers to acquire farm inputs.
- Use of poor technology/ traditional methods of production.
- Mismanagement of cooperatives has impoverised farmers.
- Competition from COMESA and industrialized nations has frustrated Kenyan farmers.
- Insecurity due to ethnic clashes and cattle rustling.
-Population of Kenya is growing faster than gains in agricultural sector.
6 x2=12 marks
21. (a) State three functions of National Intelligence Service.
-enhancing national security.
-defending and identifying any threat to national security.
- advising the president and government.
- Gathering and reporting national securities.
- carrying out security vetting and investigation for the security clearance of persons.
-supporting and aiding law enforcement agencies.
5 x1=5 marks
(b) –Poor and inadequate transport and communication facilities.
- Poor working and living conditions.
 - Poor relations between the police and public.
-lack of regular in-service training for the officer in low cadres.
- Corruption.
- Lack of information technology policy.
-lack of equipments.
- Incompetence of some police officer.
Any five well explained points 5 x2=10 marks
SECTION C

22. (a) Identify three categories of people whose freedom of movement is limited by the constitution.
- convicted criminals.
- suspected criminals.
- A person of unsound mind.
- Drug addict.
- A vagrant.
- A young person under 18 years to secure education.
- A person with an infectious disease.
Any 3 x1=3 marks
(b) Explain six practices that may undermine National Unity in Kenya.
- Racism – favouring own race.
-Tribalism – favouring own ethic group.
-Nepotism – favouring own relatives.
- Religion – conflict between different religions or in the same religion.
- Poverty – a state of want or need.
- Corruption – misuse of public power for private gain.
- Greed – extreme desire to have power or wealth.
- Uneven economic development.
- Party membership- people from different parties hate each other.
- Ignorance.
Any six well explained points 6 x2=12 marks
23. (a) –The constitution of Kenya.
- The parliamentary act.
- The subsidiary laws /by laws.
- The common law as found in the concept of natural justice.
- The African traditional or customary law applicable in civil disputes.
- Islamic or sharia law.
Any 5 x1=5 marks
(b) – citizen participation in government.
-By having a right to vote and be voted for.
- Regular free and fair elections.
- Existence of many political parties (multiparty)
- Transparency and accountability.
- Equality before the law irrespective of socio-economic, political and religious difference.
-Economic freedom that allows free market economy.
- Role of law.
- Political tolerance.
- Bill of rights.
Any five well explained points 5 x2 =10 marks
24. (a) Identify any three members of the county government Assembly.
-members elected by registered voters (MCAs).
4.
- Special seat members nominated by parties.
-The speaker.
- Representatives of members of marginalized groups eg youth and person with disabilities.
3 x1=3 marks

(b) Explain six challenges facing the county government. (12 mark)
- How to evenly distribute the resources they have within the county.
- Inadequate finances.
- Cross county planning and development of some resources eg water, roads etc.
- Need for retraining of government workers.
- Transfer of functions from the national government to county government.
- Structural overlaps/overlaps of functions with the national government.
- Policy and legal gaps.
-Some counties are not well endowed with resources.
- Tribal interests in making appointments.
-lack of full anatomy as their operations can be stopped by the national government.
6 x2= 12 marks