Joint Pub 2-02

National Intelligence
Support to
Joint Operations

28 September 1998
 PREFACE

1. Scope from organizing the force and executing the

mission in a manner the JFC deems most
This joint publication describes national appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the
intelligence organizations and their support accomplishment of the overall mission.
to joint military operations. Also addressed
is the special support and augmentation 3. Application
available for joint operations by national joint
elements such as the Military Intelligence a. Doctrine and guidance established in this
Board, the National Military Joint Intelligence publication apply to the commanders and
Center, and National Intelligence Support intelligence staff of combatant commands,
Teams. This joint publication covers Service subordinate unified commands, joint task forces,
intelligence organizations and centers, as combat support agencies, and subordinate
well as nonmilitary agencies and components of these commands. These
nongovernmental organizations. The principles and guidance also may apply when
recommended target audience for this joint significant forces of one Service are attached to
publication is commanders and intelligence forces of another Service or when significant
staffs of combatant commands, subordinate forces of one Service support forces of another
unified commands, joint task forces, combat Service.
support agencies, and supporting Service
components. b. The guidance in this publication is
authoritative; as such, this doctrine (or JTTP)
2. Purpose will be followed except when, in the judgment of
the commander, exceptional circumstances
This publication has been prepared under dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between the
the direction of the Chairman of the Joint contents of this publication and the contents of
Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine to govern Service publications, this publication will take
the joint activities and performance of the precedence for the activities of joint forces unless
Armed Forces of the United States in joint the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally
operations and provides the doctrinal basis for in coordination with the other members of the
US military involvement in multinational and Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current
interagency operations. It provides military and specific guidance. Commanders of forces
guidance for the exercise of authority by operating as part of a multinational (alliance or
combatant commanders and other joint coalition) military command should follow
force commanders and prescribes doctrine for multinational doctrine and procedures ratified by
joint operations and training. It provides the United States. For doctrine and procedures
military guidance for use by the Armed Forces not ratified by the United States, commanders
in preparing their appropriate plans. It is not should evaluate and follow the multinational
the intent of this publication to restrict the command’s doctrine and procedures, where
authority of the joint force commander (JFC) applicable.

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

DENNIS C. BLAIR
Vice Admiral, US Navy
Director, Joint Staff
i
Preface

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ii Joint Pub 2-02

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER I
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT: AN OVERVIEW

• Introduction .............................................................................................................. I-1

• Overview .................................................................................................................. I-1
• The Role of National Intelligence Organizations ....................................................... I-3

CHAPTER II
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY

• Introduction ............................................................................................................. II-1

• Management and Oversight of the Intelligence Community ..................................... II-1
• Request for Information from National Agencies ..................................................... II-4

CHAPTER III
NONMILITARY MEMBERS OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY

• Introduction ........................................................................................................... III-1

• Non-DOD Members Support ................................................................................. III-1
• Non-DOD Members .............................................................................................. III-1

CHAPTER IV
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY

• Introduction ........................................................................................................... IV-1

• Responsibilities of the Office of the Secretary of Defense ...................................... IV-1
• Military Intelligence Board .................................................................................... IV-2

CHAPTER V
JOINT STAFF J-2

• Introduction ............................................................................................................ V-1

• Joint Staff Intelligence Functions and Responsibilities ............................................ V-1
• NMJIC .................................................................................................................... V-1

CHAPTER VI
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

• Introduction ........................................................................................................... VI-1

• DIA Responsibilities and Functions ....................................................................... VI-1

iii
Table of Contents
CHAPTER VII
NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE

• Introduction .......................................................................................................... VII-1

• NSA/CSS Responsibilities .................................................................................... VII-1
• Contingency Communications Systems ................................................................. VII-4

CHAPTER VIII
NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY

• Establishment ....................................................................................................... VIII-1

• Responsibilities and Functions ............................................................................. VIII-1
• The NIMA Organization ..................................................................................... VIII-4

CHAPTER IX
NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE AND
DEFENSE AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE

• Introduction ........................................................................................................... IX-1

• National Reconnaissance Office ............................................................................. IX-1
• NRO Support to Military Operations ...................................................................... IX-1
• Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office ............................................................... IX-2

CHAPTER X
SERVICE INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS

• Introduction ............................................................................................................ X-1

• US Army ................................................................................................................ X-1
• US Navy ................................................................................................................. X-4
• US Air Force ........................................................................................................... X-5
• US Marine Corps .................................................................................................... X-5

APPENDIX

A Joint Warfare Centers ....................................................................................... A-1

B Other Governmental Organizations ................................................................... B-1
C NIST Systems .................................................................................................... C-1
D Intelligence Resource Programs ....................................................................... D-1
E References ......................................................................................................... E-1
F Administrative Instructions ............................................................................... F-1

GLOSSARY

Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................... GL-1

Part II Terms and Definitions .............................................................................. GL-6

iv Joint Pub 2-02

 Table of Contents
FIGURE

I-1 The Intelligence Cycle .................................................................................. I-2

II-1 National Security Council............................................................................ II-2
II-2 Intelligence Community Membership .......................................................... II-3
II-3 National Request - Peacetime ...................................................................... II-5
II-4 National Request - Crisis ............................................................................. II-6
III-1 Intelligence Support to MOOTW Operations............................................. III-2
III-2 Nonmilitary Members of the Intelligence Community ............................... III-2
IV-1 Secretary of Defense Authority .................................................................. IV-2
IV-2 Membership of the Military Intelligence Board ......................................... IV-3
V-1 National Military Joint Intelligence Center ................................................. V-2
V-2 Basic Intelligence Task Force Organization ................................................ V-4
VI-1 Defense Intelligence Agency Organization ................................................ VI-3
VIII-1 National Imagery and Mapping Agency Organization ............................. VIII-4
IX-1 National Reconnaissance Office ................................................................ IX-2
IX-2 Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office .................................................. IX-3
D-1 The Intelligence Arena ............................................................................... D-2
D-2 Definitional Model ..................................................................................... D-3

v
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vi Joint Pub 2-02

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
COMMANDER’S OVERVIEW

• Describes the National-Level Intelligence Support to Joint

Military Operations

• Describes the National Intelligence Community

• Discusses the Military Intelligence Community

• Outlines the Service Intelligence Organizations

National-Level Intelligence Support to Joint Military Operations

The joint force intelligence National intelligence organizations operate extensive
officer relies on the collection, processing, and dissemination systems. These
support of national intelligence organizations employ specialized resources and
intelligence organizations dedicated personnel to gain information about potential
in order to provide the adversaries, events, and other worldwide intelligence
joint force commander requirements. Successful national support to joint force
(JFC) with timely, commanders (JFCs) depends upon efficient and effective
relevant, and accurate cooperation and interoperability, not only vertically but also
intelligence. horizontally among national organizations. The
accomplishment of the JFC’s goals depends in part on the
smooth interaction and contributions of the entire intelligence
community, including the national intelligence organizations.

National Intelligence Community

National intelligence The framework for the Intelligence Community (IC) was
organizations must be created under the National Security Act of 1947. The Act
committed to shared established the National Security Council (NSC), the Director
purpose and cooperation of Central Intelligence (DCI), and the Department of Defense
in order to provide (DOD). There are four statutory members of the NSC, which
comprehensive intelligence include the President, Vice President, Secretary of Defense,
support to JFCs and joint and the Secretary of State, while the Chairman of the Joint
operations. Chiefs of Staff and the DCI serve as statutory advisors. The
IC refers in the aggregate to those Executive Branch
agencies and organizations that are founded in the National
Foreign Intelligence Program. The responsibility for
providing intelligence support to military operations, during
peacetime or crisis, rests with the National Military Joint
Intelligence Center (NMJIC) and the joint intelligence centers
(JICs). There are also many nonmilitary intelligence agencies
and organizations that can support joint operations by providing

vii
Executive Summary
intelligence used in developing strategy, determining
objectives, planning operations, conducting operations, and
evaluating the effects of operations.

Military Intelligence Community

The Department of The Military Intelligence Community includes the Secretary

Defense and joint of Defense, the Defense Intelligence Executive Board, the
intelligence agencies and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control,
organizations must Communications, and Intelligence, and the Assistant to the
support joint operations in Secretary of Defense, Intelligence Oversight. The Secretary
a timely, pertinent, and of Defense exercises full direction, authority, and control
adequate manner. over the intelligence activities of the Department of Defense
and is responsible for collecting, processing, producing, and
disseminating military and military-related foreign
intelligence and counterintelligence. The Defense Intelligence
Agency is responsible for the timely and accurate flow of
military intelligence from the national level, through the JICs,
to deployed forces during peacetime. Within the Military
IC the Military Intelligence Board (MIB) serves as the
senior “Board of Governors,” working to develop
cooperation and consensus on cross-agency, Service, and
command issues. The MIB has a key role in guiding and
supporting DOD intelligence operations and provides a forum
for the discussion of ongoing national-level issues.

The National Military The Joint Staff Director for Intelligence develops joint
Joint Intelligence Center is intelligence doctrine and architecture, and manages intelligence
the focal point for all for joint warfighting assessments while assisting the commands
defense intelligence in passing critical, time-sensitive requirements to the NMJIC
activities in support of and the Defense Indications and Warnings System. NMJIC
joint operations. supports the Joint Staff Director for Intelligence with all-
source intelligence functions and is the single point of entry
for crisis requests for information as well as the point-of-
contact for combatant commands to interface with elements
of the National IC.

Service Intelligence Organizations

The Chiefs of the Military Intelligence support comes from many different agencies and
Services provide organizations throughout the Military Services. The missions
intelligence support for and responsibilities of the Service intelligence centers,
departmental missions including the unique capabilities and products of these centers,
related to military systems, provide support to the overall DOD intelligence effort and
equipment, training, and allow for comprehensive intelligence support to JFCs and
national intelligence joint operations.
activities.

viii Joint Pub 2-02

 Executive Summary
CONCLUSION
This joint publication describes national intelligence
organizations and their support to joint military operations.
Also addressed is the special support and augmentation
available for joint operations by national joint elements such
as the MIB, the NMJIC, and national intelligence support
teams. This joint publication covers Service intelligence
organizations and centers as well as nonmilitary agencies and
nongovernmental organizations.

ix
Executive Summary

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x Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER I
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT: AN OVERVIEW
“One should know one’s enemies, their alliances, their resources and nature
of their country, in order to plan a campaign. One should know what to
expect of one’s friends, what resources one has, and foresee the future
effects to determine what one has to fear or hope from political maneuvers.”

Frederick the Great

Instructions for His Generals, 1747

1. Introduction Support to Joint Operations,” and Joint Pub

2-01, “Joint Intelligence Support to Military
The Intelligence Directorate of a joint staff Operations.” Joint Pub 2-0, “Doctrine for
(J-2) will have to rely on national intelligence Intelligence Support to Joint Operations,”
organizations for support in order to provide describes the joint intelligence architecture and
the joint force commander (JFC) with timely, forms the doctrinal basis for US military
relevant, and accurate intelligence. The J-2 will intelligence involvement in multinational and
not be capable of satisfying all the commander’s interagency intelligence operations. Joint Pub
requirements using joint force, component, or 2-01, “Joint Intelligence Support to Military
even theater-level intelligence resources. The Operations,” provides the fundamentals of joint
J-2 will have to rely upon or reach back to intelligence responsibilities and command
national intelligence organizations to provide relationships and detailed information on the
a comprehensive intelligence support effort. intelligence cycle, seen in Figure I-1. A
The J-2 must understand how the national summary of the intelligence cycle follows.
intelligence organizations are organized and
how they operate in order to best exploit their General:
capabilities.
Intelligence provides multidiscipline
support to the combatant command,
2. Overview the subordinate Service and
functional component commands,
This publication describes national and subordinate joint forces.
intelligence support to joint operations and
provides understanding for use by the military Planning and Direction:
in preparing their plans, and outlines the
national roles within this environment. Conducted continuously, intelligence
National intelligence organizations operate planning involves task-organizing
extensive collection, processing, and intelligence assets; developing a
collection plan; issuing requests for
dissemination systems. These intelligence
collection and production; and
organizations employ specialized resources and monitoring the availability of collected
dedicated personnel to gain information about information.
potential adversaries, events, and other
worldwide intelligence requirements. The J-2 Collection:
should take advantage of the extensive
capabilities provided by these organizations. Collection operations acquire
This publication is to be used in conjunction information about the adversary.
with Joint Pub 2-0, “Doctrine for Intelligence Collection managers convert

I-1
Chapter I

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

DISSEMINATION PLANNING
AND AND
INTEGRATION DIRECTION
UATI
AL

O
EV

N
MISSION
ANALYSIS
AN

CK
AND COLLECTION
D
PRODUCTION F EEDBA

PROCESSING
AND
EXPLOITATION

Figure I-1. The Intelligence Cycle

information requirements into Processing and Exploitation:

collection requirements; establish,
task or coordinate actions with Collected data is correlated and
appropriate collection sources or converted into forms suitable for
agencies; and monitor results in analysis and production.
close coordination with the original
requester and retask. Collection Analysis and Production:
management officers (CMOs)
develop collection plans based on the Production changes information
intelligence requirements of collected from single or multiple
commanders, decision makers, and sources into finished intelligence.
analysts. Components submit Production for joint operations is
collection requests for management accomplished by organizations at
and validation to the theater CMO (or every echelon, from national to joint
joint task force [JTF] CMO during force level. Production elements at
contingencies), who tasks available all levels are assigned clearly
collection assets against all delineated areas of analytical
collection requirements. responsibility across the range of
military operations.

I-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 National Intelligence Support: An Overview
is not evenly split among intelligence
Dissemination and Integration: customers and varies according to the
situation.
Dissemination consists of both
“push” and “pull” intelligence
b. Successful national support to JFCs
concepts. The “push” concept allows
the higher echelons to push depends upon efficient and effective cooperation
intelligence down to satisfy existing and interoperability not only vertically (among
lower echelon requirements or to national and subordinate echelons) but also
relay other relevant intelligence to the horizontally (among national organizations).
lower level. The “pull” concept Each agency is assigned clearly defined missions
involves direct electronic access to and areas of responsibility to minimize
data bases, intelligence files, or other duplication of effort and questions over
repositories by intelligence functional responsibilities.
organizations at all levels.

Evaluation and Feedback: c. National intelligence organizations

(Central Intelligence Agency [CIA], Defense
Intelligence personnel at all levels Intelligence Agency [DIA], National Security
evaluate the intelligence process and Agency [NSA], National Imagery and Mapping
provide feedback to improve support Agency [NIMA], and the State Department)
to the requester. support the combatant commanders on a
full-time basis through representatives. Some
3. The Role of National of these representatives are located full-time at
Intelligence Organizations the command headquarters. These
representatives serve as the combatant
a. The national intelligence organizations commander’s advisors on how to best employ
can and will provide support to the JFC and their organization’s capabilities and provide
continue to support national decision makers. liaison with their parent organizations. The
The focus of these national organizations commands should utilize these representatives

Intelligence representatives serve as both advisors to combatant

commanders and liaisons to their parent organizations.

I-3
Chapter I
in conjunction with this publication to ensure
in recent years. They are characterized by multi-
that the command is familiar with the currentService and interagency involvement and are
responsibilities, capabilities, and operations of
frequently multinational in nature. The
each organization. accomplishment of the JFC’s goals depends in
part on the smooth interaction and contributions
d. US military planning and operational of the entire intelligence community, including
deployments have become increasingly complex the national intelligence organizations.

NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PERSIAN GULF WAR

Coinciding with the release of Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Central

Intelligence Agency (CIA), and Central Command (CENTCOM) warnings of possible
Iraqi military action against Kuwait [issued on 1 August 1990], DIA activated an
Intelligence Task Force (ITF) in the National Military Intelligence Center (NMIC) at
the Pentagon, and augmented the Operational Intelligence Crisis Center (OICC)
at the Defense Intelligence Analysis Center on Bolling Air Force Base, Washington,
DC. The ITF mission was to provide direct support to the JCS operations and
planning staffs, and to serve as a clearinghouse for the flood of requests for
information (RFIs) pouring into the NMIC from commands worldwide. The OICC
was augmented to coordinate and manage all DIA research and analytical efforts
to provide responses to RFIs, and to produce specialized targeting packages.

Concurrent with CENTCOM’s initial force deployments on 7 August 1990, DIA

deployed a National Military Intelligence Support Team (NMIST) to Riyadh. NMIST
have self-contained satellite communications equipment providing direct
connectivity to DIA for the submission of RFIs and the direct dissemination of
intelligence information and imagery to the theater. Eleven NMISTs eventually
were deployed to support forces involved in Operations DESERT SHIELD and
DESERT STORM. The NMIST network was to prove crucial to the CENTCOM J-2
since it eventually would be the sole dedicated intelligence communications
capability between the CENTCOM J-2, the component and subunified command
intelligence staffs, and the information, to include imagery, especially when the
existing communications circuits between the United States and the theater
became saturated with operational message traffic.

SOURCE: Final Report to Congress

Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, April 1992

I-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER II
THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
“The times we live in are times of profound change, dramatic and fundamental
change — political, idealogical, and technical. We must adapt to that change,
and we must grow.”

GEN Gordan R. Sullivan, 23 May 1993

1. Introduction c. Director of Central Intelligence. The

DCI serves in four roles:
This chapter provides information about the
national-level intelligence organizations that • as the principal intelligence advisor to the
could provide support to joint operations. President;
National intelligence organizations should be
committed to cooperation and a shared purpose • as the director of the CIA;
in order to provide comprehensive intelligence
support to JFCs and joint operations. • as the head of the entire US IC; and

2. Management and Oversight • as a statutory advisor to the NSC.

of the Intelligence Community
As the top policymaker for the IC, the DCI
a. National Security Act. The National develops policies for and provides guidance
Security Act of 1947 created the framework on future intelligence needs and capabilities.
for the Intelligence Community (IC). The Act The DCI is authorized to establish committees
established the National Security Council and boards for advice and is charged with
(NSC), the Director of Central Intelligence producing and disseminating national foreign
(DCI), and the Department of Defense intelligence. The DCI tasks major collection
(DOD), and identifies the organizations that systems that can be employed to satisfy
make up the IC. strategic, operational, and tactical intelligence
requirements. The DCI also is responsible for
b. National Security Council. The NSC coordinating the relationships between
is the principal forum to consider national elements of the intelligence community and
security issues that require Presidential the intelligence or security services of foreign
decision (See Figure II-1). There are four governments on all matters involving
statutory members: the President, the Vice intelligence related to the national security or
President, the Secretary of Defense (SecDef), involving intelligence acquired through
and the Secretary of State (SECSTATE). The clandestine means; providing overall direction
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) for the collection of national intelligence
and the DCI serve as statutory advisors. The through human sources by elements of the
DCI attends NSC meetings as its Intelligence intelligence community and coordinating with
Advisor. The Assistant to the President for other agencies which are authorized to
National Security Affairs (the National undertake collections; and conducting
Security Advisor) is responsible for the NSC’s counterintelligence activities outside the
day-to-day operations. Council functions are United States and coordinating the
supported by the NSC staff that includes the counterintelligence activities of other
White House Situation Room and regional and government agencies outside the United
functional desks. States.

II-1
Chapter II

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL

President

National Security
Advisor

Secretary Vice Secretary

of State President of Defense

Chairman of the Joint Director of Central

Chiefs of Staff Intelligence
Statutory Members Statutory Advisors

Figure II-1. National Security Council

d. Intelligence Community. The IC refers nonmilitary organizations and their

in the aggregate to those Executive Branch responsibilities are detailed in Chapter III,
agencies and organizations that are founded “Nonmilitary Members of the Intelligence
in the National Foreign Intelligence Community.”
Program (NFIP). (The Intelligence
Management Programs, including the NFIP, • IC Management. Two key officials
are discussed in Appendix D, “Intelligence directly support the DCI to implement
Resource Programs.”) The Community the DCI’s community responsibilities.
currently includes the CIA, the NSA, the DIA,
the NIMA, the National Reconnaissance •• Chairman, National Intelligence
Office (NRO), the Bureau of Intelligence and Council (NIC). The Chairman of the
Research (INR) of the State Department, the NIC oversees IC production and
counterintelligence (CI), cryptologic, and some analysis, including National Intelligence
of the foreign intelligence elements of the Estimates and NIC Memorandums.
Military Services (Army, Navy, Air Force, and
Marine Corps), and foreign intelligence and/ •• Executive Director for Intelligence
or CI elements of the Federal Bureau of Community Affairs (EXDIR/ICA).
Investigation (FBI) and the Treasury and The EXDIR/ICA is the DCI’s principal
Energy Departments (See Figure II-2). The advisor on IC matters and assists the

II-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 The Intelligence Community

INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY MEMBERSHIP

Central
Intelligence National
Department Agency Security
of State Agency
Department National
of Energy Reconnaissance
Office
Department
of Treasury Defense Intelligence
Director of Central Agency
Intelligence
Federal Bureau of
Air Force
Investigation
Intelligence

National Imagery Army

and Mapping Intelligence
Agency Marine
Navy Corps
Intelligence Intelligence

Figure II-2. Intelligence Community Membership

DCI in planning and implementing contribution each makes in promoting the

national foreign intelligence production overall effectiveness of the IC, are as
responsibilities. As the Director of the follows:
Community Management Staff (CMS),
the EXDIR/ICA is responsible for •• Program Evaluation and Budget
developing, coordinating, and Office. This office, composed of four
overseeing implementation of DCI groups, enhances CMS’ program review
policy in resource management, systems capability by providing resource
analysis, and requirements and information, program budget oversight,
evaluation. and program analysis and evaluation. The
Resources Management Group is
• Community Management Staff. The responsible for resource information and
CMS is responsible for oversight of IC guidance and program budget oversight
responsiveness to the DCI’s guidance. of component programs of the NFIP. The
The CMS oversees all Community- Program Assessment Group performs
wide programming and budgeting analysis and evaluation of programs. The
activities and controls the overall Advanced Technology Group oversees
requirements tasking process. The two the IC’s Advanced Research and
principal CMS offices, and the Development programs. The Quality

II-3
Chapter II
Council Secretariat reviews IC quality chaired by the DCI and reviews all
management and performs the National substantive intelligence matters, including
Performance Review. production, review, and coordination of all
national foreign intelligence; arrangements
•• Requirements, Plans, and Policy with foreign governments on intelligence
Office. This office consists of three groups. matters; and protection of intelligence
The Requirements and Plans Group is sources and methods.
responsible for planning, requirements,
management, and performance •• Intelligence Community Executive
evaluations. The Policy and Special Issues Committee (IC/EXCOM). The IC/
Group provides policy guidance, evaluates EXCOM advises the DCI on priorities
IC management issues, and provides the and objectives for the NFIP budget,
CMS with legal counsel. The Foreign national intelligence policy and
Language Coordinator serves as the planning, and IC management and
Foreign Language Committee Secretariat evaluation. The IC/EXCOM is chaired
for the IC. by the DCI or the Deputy DCI (DDCI),
or, in their absence, by their designated
• National Foreign Intelligence representative. Permanent members
Advisory Groups include the DCI; DDCI; Vice Chairman,
Joint Chiefs of Staff; Director, NSA;
•• The President’s Foreign Intelligence Director, DIA; Assistant SECSTATE and
Advisory Board (PFIAB). The PFIAB INR; Director, NRO; Director, NIMA;
consists of 16 members, appointed by Chairman, NIC; Assistant Secretary
the President, who are senior civilian o f Defense, Command, Control
and former military leaders. The Communications and Intelligence (ASD
Board reports directly to and advises the [C3I]); and EXDIR/ICA.
President on the performance of all
government agencies engaged in the 3. Request for Information from
collection, analysis, or production of National Agencies
intelligence or in the execution of
intelligence policy. Additionally, the a. The responsibility for providing
Board advises the President concerning intelligence support to military operations
the objective, conduct, and coordinationrests with the joint intelligence centers (JICs).
of the activities in these agencies. The(This section should be used in coordination with
Board is specifically charged to make Chapter III of Joint Pub 2-01, “Joint Intelligence
appropriate recommendations for actions Support to Military Operations,” in which the
to improve and enhance the performance organizations and responsibilities are discussed
of intelligence efforts. in detail.) The flow of the request for information
(RFI) from national agencies differs only slightly
•• The National Foreign Intelligence from peacetime to crisis.
Board is the senior IC advisory body
to the DCI and includes senior b. The DIA ensures the expeditious flow
representatives from all organizations of military intelligence from the national level
involved in the collection, processing, through the JICs to deployed forces during
and analysis of intelligence. The peacetime. RFIs are forwarded from the JIC
intelligence chiefs of the military to the DIA and/or production agency (See
Services are observers. The Board is Figure II-3).

II-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 The Intelligence Community

NATIONAL REQUEST - PEACETIME

Request Flow
PEACE

DIA and/or Collector

RFI
Production Agency

Validates Response
Response

CIA
and tasks/ DIA
forwards
RFI

FBI
NIMA
NSA
State
Joint Intelligence Treasury
Center
Response

Combatant
Command
RFI

CIA Central Intelligence Agency

DIA Defense Intelligence Agency
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
NIMA National Imagery and Mapping Agency
Requester NSA National Security Agency
RFI request for information
Component

Figure II-3. National Request - Peacetime

c. The Joint StaffJ-2 National Military Joint d. The Joint Staff J-2 national intelligence
Intelligence Center (NMJIC) is the national support team (NIST) will serve as a direct
focal point for crisis intelligence in support of link to the NMJIC RFI desk when the JTF J-2
joint operations. (The NMJIC’s functions and determines that time-sensitive RFI require
structure are discussed in detail in Chapter V, “Joint national “reachback” support. The JIC and/
Staff J-2,” of this publication.) The NMJIC is the or Joint Analysis Center (JAC) will receive a
single point of entry at the national level forcrisis simultaneous copy for tracking purposes (See
RFIs (See Figure II-4). Figure II-4).

II-5
Chapter II

NATIONAL REQUEST - CRISIS

Request Flow
CRISIS

NMJIC RFI Collector

Response Response CIA

Validates DIA
and FBI
Time-Sensitive RFIs

tasks/ NIMA
forwards
RFI

NSA
Combatant State
Command Treasury
Joint Theater
Intelligence RFI
Collector
Center
Response

Response

Determines
time-
sensitive
RFI

RFI CIA Central Intelligence Agency

DIA Defense Intelligence Agency
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
NIST Requester NIMA National Imagery and Mapping Agency
NIST national intelligence support team
Component NSA National Security Agency
NMJIC National Military Joint Intelligence
Center
Time-Sensitive Response RFI request for information

Figure II-4. National Request - Crisis

II-6 Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER III
NONMILITARY MEMBERS OF THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
“In total war it is quite impossible to draw any precise lines between military
and nonmilitary problems.”

Winston Churchill
Their Finest Hour, 1949

1. Introduction members include support to the operations

shown in Figure III-1. The intelligence tasks
This chapter identifies responsibilities for associated with these type of operations are
nonmilitary intelligence agencies and addressed in Joint Pub 2-0, “Doctrine for
organizations that can support joint operations. Intelligence Support to Joint Operations.”
A part of the responsibility of these agencies is
support of military policy. These nonmilitary 3. Non-DOD Members
agencies and organizations contribute to the
support for joint operations in a significant See Figure III-2.
manner by providing intelligence used in
developing strategy; determining objectives; a. Central Intelligence Agency
planning operations; conducting operations;
and evaluating the effects of operations. A • CIA’s primary areas of expertise are
primary responsibility is to assist in identifying in human intelligence (HUMINT)
potential intelligence requirements that may be collection, imagery, all-source analysis,
addressed through tailored analytical and and the production of political and
operational support provided by the respective economic intelligence. The CIA has
agency and organization. four Deputy Directors: Deputy Director
for Operations; Deputy Director for
2. Non-DOD Members Support Intelligence; Deputy Director for Science
and Technology; and Deputy Director for
The non-DOD members efforts will Administration. The DCI is also the head
primarily focus on strategic intelligence and of the CIA, but there is an Executive
support to the National Command Director who handles the day-to-day
Authorities (NCA). These agencies identify activities of the agency.
global and regional issues and threats to the
NCA, military leadership, and combatant • Office of Military Affairs (OMA). The
commanders. This responsibility includes OMA falls under the Associate Director
assessing potential issues and situations that of Central Intelligence for Military
could impact US national security interests and Support, a flag rank military officer. OMA
objectives. Intelligence provided by these is staffed by CIA and military personnel.
agencies is essential in support of some military As the agency’s single point of contact for
operations. These non-DOD members are military support, OMA negotiates,
detailed in paragraph 3 of this chapter. In coordinates, manages, and monitors all
military operations other than war (MOOTW) aspects of agency support for military
involving the use or threat of force, the operations. This support is a continuous
intelligence provided by the non-DOD process that can be enhanced or modified

III-1
Chapter III

INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO
MOOTW OPERATIONS NONMILITARY
MEMBERS OF THE
Arms Control
INTELLIGENCE
Combatting Terrorism COMMUNITY
DOD Support to Counterdrug
Operations
Central Intelligence Agency
Enforcement of Sanctions and
Maritime Intercept Operations
Office of Military Affairs
Enforcing Exclusion Zones Foreign Broadcast Service

Ensuring Freedom of
Department of State
Navigation and Overflight
Bureau of Intelligence and
Humanitarian Assistance Research
Military Support to Civil Bureau of Politico-Military
Authorities Affairs
Bureau of International
Nation Assistance and Narcotics Matters
Support to Foreign Service
Counterinsurgency

Noncombatant Evacuation Department of Energy

Operations
Department of Justice
Peace Operations
Attorney General
Protection of Shipping Federal Bureau of
Investigation
Recovery Operations Internal Security Section
Show of Force Operations
Department of the Treasury
Strikes and Raids

Support to Insurgency Figure III-2. Nonmilitary Members of the

Intelligence Community
contingency and operation planning, and
exercises.
Figure III-1. Intelligence Support to
MOOTW Operations
• Foreign Broadcast Information
to respond to a crisis or developing Service (FBIS)
operation. Interaction between OMA and
the DCI representatives to the Office of •• The FBIS is the primary collector of
the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Joint foreign open-source information for the
Staff, and the combatant commands IC. The FBIS collects comprehensive
facilitates the provision of national-level foreign open-source information on
intelligence in support of joint operations, developing world events and trends for

III-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 Nonmilitary Members of the Intelligence Community
the President, Cabinet, senior US of Intelligence Production through the
policymakers, and government agencies. Directorate’s Collection Requirements
and Evaluation Staff.
•• FBIS brings the latest foreign political,
military, economic, and technical •• On a case-by-case basis, FBIS will
information to the intelligence analysis, consider ad-hoc collection tasking
warning, and operations processes. FBIS requests from IC organizations and
monitors approximately 2,350 agencies (including CIA), depending on
publications, 331 radio stations, 153 available resources. Requests for ad-hoc
television stations, 112 news agencies, 70 collection efforts by FBIS should be
Internet sources, and 40 data bases in 210 addressed to the FBIS Information
countries and 73 languages. Center, located in Reston, Virginia, for
proper referral.
•• FBIS administers the continental
United States (CONUS) and outside the •• FBIS makes available to the IC and
continental United States (OCONUS) other USG agencies the following
installations in support of its mission to products and services derived from
collect, translate, analyze, and foreign open-sources: (1) FBIS
disseminate information responsive to Reporting. FBIS, through its worldwide
US policy interests from the world’s access to foreign media and other publicly
open-source media, including radio, available materials, provides political,
television, press agencies, newspapers, military, economic, and technical
periodicals, journals, books, maps, data information. Translation and translations
bases, gray literature, and the Internet. of the information are collectively referred
to as FBIS “reporting.” FBIS data bases
•• In support of and supplementary to the of reporting are accessible either from
field collection effort, foreign language several worldwide electronic information
area specialists at FBIS headquarters handling systems that function via the
systematically review newspapers, Internet or similar technology, or from
journals, and other open-source one of FBIS’ own proprietary
publications for information of interest mechanisms such as compact disc-read
to US Government (USG) customers and only memory (CD-ROM). (2) FBIS
select the appropriate material for Observations and Analysis. FBIS
translation and dissemination. Specialist analyzes the content and behavior of the
language support is available on a limited media of countries posing a significant
basis. policy interest to the USG’s foreign affairs
community. (3) FBIS Video Products.
•• The FBIS accepts formal open-source FBIS provides television program
collection tasking from the IC through summaries and selected video programs
the HUMINT process. IC customers that to a limited set of customers. (4) Foreign
want to levy standing open-source Language Glossaries. FBIS officers
collection need to identify their skilled in foreign languages produce on
requirements to the National HUMINT an ad-hoc basis glossaries or guides to
Requirements Tasking Center during the foreign language terminology, which the
formulation or revision of collection National Technical Information Service
directives. Additionally, FBIS accepts hosts on its FedWorld service onthe Internet
formal tasking from the CIA’s Directorate (URL: http://www.fedworld.gov/fbis).

III-3
Chapter III
(5) World Wide Guides. FBIS foreign obtains gray literature (publicly available
media experts compile catalogs of material that cannot be obtained by
information about the electronic and print commercial subscription) in response to
media of a specific country or region, specific customer requests and standing
providing broadcast and circulation figures collection directives. FBIS maintains the
as well as political affiliations and policy Gray Literature Tracking Data Base, which
positions. (6) Maps. FBISsupports USG is available on the Intelink-TS and Open-
analysis, operations, and decision making Source Information System network.
by providing unclassified reference (9) FBIS Operations Center. The FBIS
maps and geographic information. Operations Center is a 24-hour watch office
(7) Publications Procurement. FBIS that serves as a major conduit between FBIS
procures foreign media and other forms of Headquarters, FBIS OCONUS installations,
open-source information, including and numerous USG operations centers.
newspapers, journals, books, newsletters, (10) Linguistic Support. On a fee-for-
commercial annual reports, telephone service basis, FBIS selectively provides a
directories, CD-ROMs, and data bases for variety of linguistic services to its USG
USG components participating in the Foreign customers, including reverse translations,
Publications Procurement Program. emergency translations, foreign language
(8) Gray Literature Procurement. FBIS instruction, translations from audio and

PROLOGUE TO THE GULF WAR

Although relations between Iraq and Kuwait had, in the past, been affected by
the unresolved border issue and the question of ownership of Warbah and
Bubiyan islands, Kuwaiti leaders nevertheless were surprised at the antagonism
of Saddam Hussein’s 17 July 1990 speech commemorating the 22nd anniversary
of the 1968 Iraqi revolution. In his speech, Saddam accused Kuwait and the
United Arab Emirates of complicity with the United States and Israel in a plot to
cheat Iraq out of billions of dollars of oil revenue. The ferocity of the speech
caused concern among the Intelligence Community, as did detection of
movements of Republican Guard Forces Command units from the Baghdad
area towards the Kuwaiti border.

Central Command (CENTCOM), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the National Intelligence Officer for
Warning all were monitoring events closely and reporting on their significance.
On 23 July 1990, DIA began twice-daily production of Defense Special
Assessments on the developing situation. All US intelligence agencies provided
detailed reporting on the continuing Iraqi military buildup, and issued warnings
of possible Iraqi military action against Kuwait. By 1 August 1990, Iraqi forces
between Al-Basrah and the Kuwaiti border included eight Republican Guard
divisions supported by at least 10 artillery battalions. This force consisted of
almost 150,000 troops, with more than 1,000 tanks and required support forces.
That same day, CIA, DIA, and CENTCOM issued warnings that an Iraqi invasion
of Kuwait was likely, if not imminent.

SOURCE: Final Report to Congress

Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, April 1992

III-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 Nonmilitary Members of the Intelligence Community
videos, classified translations, and assistance c. Department of Energy. The Office of
to treaty monitoring efforts. Nonproliferation and National Security directs the
development of the Department’s policy, plans,
b. Department of State (DOS) and procedures relating to arms control,
nonproliferation, export controls, and safeguard
• Bureau of Intelligence and Research. activities. Additionally, this office is responsible
The INR coordinates programs for for managing the Department’s research and
intelligence, analysis, and research and development program for verifying and
produces intelligence studies and current monitoring arms implementation and compliance
intelligence analyses essential to foreign activities, and for providing threat assessments
policy determination and execution. and support to headquarters and field offices.

• Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs. The d. Department of Justice (DOJ)

Bureau originates and develops policy
guidance and provides general direction • Attorney General. The Attorney
on issues that affect US security policies, General, as head of the DOJ and chief law
military assistance, nuclear policy, enforcement officer of the Federal
nonproliferation policy, and arms control Government, represents the United States
matters. This office maintains political in legal matters and gives advice and
and military liaison with the Department opinions to the President and to the heads
of Defense and other Federal agencies on of the executive departments. The
a wide range of affairs. Attorney General is delegated the power
to approve the use of any technique for
• Bureau of International Narcotics intelligence purposes, within the United
Matters. The Bureau develops, States or against a US person abroad, for
coordinates, and implements which a warrant would be required if
international narcotics control assistance undertaken for law enforcement purposes.
activities. It is the principal point of
contact and provides policy advice on • Federal Bureau of Investigation. The
international narcotics control matters for FBI, the principal investigative arm of
the Office of Management and Budget, the DOJ, has primary responsibility
the NSC, and the White House Office of for CI and counterterrorism
National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). operations conducted in the United
The Bureau also oversees and States. CI operations contemplated by
coordinates the international narcotics any other organizations in the United
control policies, programs, and activities States must be coordinated with the
of US agencies. FBI. Any overseas CI operation
conducted by the FBI must be
• Foreign Service. Ambassadors are the coordinated with the CIA.
personal representatives of the President and
report to him through the SECSTATE. The • Internal Security Section. This
President gives the chief of the diplomatic section investigates and prosecutes
mission, normally an Ambassador, direction cases affecting national security, foreign
and control over all US in-country relations, and the export of military and
government personnel except those assigned strategic commodities and technology.
to an international agency or to a combatant DOJ has exclusive prosecution
commander. responsibility for criminal statutes

III-5
Chapter III
regarding espionage, sabotage, neutrality, production and dissemination of foreign
and atomic energy. intelligence relating to US economic policy
and participation with the DOS in the overt
e. Department of the Treasury. collection of general foreign economic
Intelligence-related missions include the information.

III-6 Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER IV
MILITARY INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
“If I always appear prepared, it is because before entering on an undertaking,
I have meditated for long and foreseen what may occur.”

Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821

1. Introduction review and oversight of defense intelligence

programs and activities. Further, the DIEB is
This chapter identifies responsibilities for DOD the senior management body providing fiscal and
and joint intelligence agencies and organizations programmatic guidance to the Joint Military
in support of joint operations. There must be a Intelligence Program (JMIP). Upon the
commitment to cooperation and shared purpose establishment of the JMIP, the Secretary of
based on requirements and capabilities, with the Defense created the DIEB as a management
objective of providing timely, relevant, accurate, mechanism to “...provide effective oversight of
and predictive all-source intelligence to Defense Intelligence programs and to make key
combatant commanders and subordinate JFCs. decisions for efficient allocation of available
This chapter defines Military Intelligence resources to address Department needs.” The
Community responsibilities for any intelligence DIEB is chaired by the Deputy Secretary of
officer on a staff to use to identify and determine Defense, with the ASD (C3I) serving as its
objectives and strategy, assist staff and forces in executive secretary. Additional members include
planning operations, support the conducting of the DCI; representatives of the Military Services;
operations, and evaluate the effects of the a number of senior OSD officials; the Vice
operations. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; the Director
of the Joint Staff; and the directors of all Defense
2. Responsibilities of the Office agencies involved in the JMIP.
of the Secretary of Defense
• DIEB Issues. The DIEB provides a forum
a. Secretary of Defense. As shown in Figure for discussion and review of existing and
IV-1, the Secretary of Defense exercises full emerging issues and challenges for
direction, authority, and control over the intelligence in support of defense needs and
intelligence activities of the Department of develops immediate solutions when
Defense. The Secretary of Defense is responsible necessary. The composition of this board
for collecting, processing, producing, and ensures significant issues are identified and
disseminating military and military-related addressed. Through careful corporate
foreign intelligence and counterintelligence. As examination of defense intelligence
a member of the NSC, the Secretary of Defense capabilities, the DIEB develops
participates in the development of national-level alternatives and recommendations that
policy. The Secretary of Defense has a major foster the most effective allocation of
responsibility to ensure timely development and these resources. The board meets not less
submission of proposed national programs and than twice a year to provide advice and
budgets. counsel on defense intelligence issues.

b. Defense Intelligence Executive Board • Discussions and advisory guidance focus

(DIEB). The DIEB is the senior corporate on requirements, policy, interoperability,
advisory body to the Secretary of Defense for resources, priorities, and goals.

IV-1
Chapter IV

SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AUTHORITY

SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

Exercises full direction,

authority, and control over
the Department of
COLLECT Defense DISSEMINATE

PROCESS PRODUCE

Military and Military-

Related Foreign
Intelligence and
Counterintelligence

Figure IV-1. Secretary of Defense Authority

c. ASD (C3I). The ASD (C3I) has as a Secretary of Defense (Intelligence Oversight)
principal duty the overall supervision of conducts independent oversight inspections of
command, control, communications, and DOD intelligence and CI activities to ensure
intelligence (C3I) affairs of the Department compliance with legal requirements and standards
of Defense. The ASD (C3I) is the principal of propriety. This office also reviews all allegations
staff assistant and advisor to the Secretary and that raise questions of legality or propriety
Deputy Secretary of Defense for C3I, involving intelligence or CI activities in the
information management, information Department of Defense, to ensure that
warfare, CI, and security countermeasures investigations are properly accomplished and
matters, including warning, reconnaissance, appropriate corrective measures are implemented.
intelligence and intelligence-related activities
conducted by the Department of Defense. 3. Military Intelligence Board
d. Assistant to the Secretary of Defense a. The Military Intelligence Board (MIB)
(Intelligence Oversight). The Assistant to the serves as the senior “Board of Governors” for the

IV-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 Military Intelligence Community
Military IC and works to develop cooperation c. The MIB may assist in obtaining
and consensus on cross-agency, Service, and intelligence support to military
command issues. The MIB is chaired by the operations during periods of crisis or
Director of DIA. The membership of the MIB is contingency operations within a
shown in Figure IV-2. c o m b a t a n t c o m m a n d ’s a r e a o f
responsibility. During Operations
b. The MIB is a key element involved in D E S E RT S H I E L D a n d DE S E RT
guiding and supporting DOD intelligence STORM, the MIB met almost daily to
operations. The MIB coordinates address theater intelligence shortfalls
intelligence support to military operations identified by combatant command J-
and provides a forum for the discussion of 2s and to coordinate the deployment of
issues going before the NFIP, CMS, and needed personnel, equipment, and
other national-level intelligence forums. systems to support operations.

MEMBERSHIP OF THE MILITARY INTELLIGENCE BOARD

Principal Members Associate Members

Chairman (Director, DIA) Combatant Command J-2s

Director, Defense Support Program
Deputy Director, DIA Office
Director, Defense Airborne
Reconnaissance Office
Director, National Security Agency
Director, Policy Staff/DIA
Deputy Assistant Secretary
Director for Intelligence, Joint Staff of Defense for Intelligence
and Security
Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Director, C4I Integration
US Army Support Activity
Assistant Commander for Operations,
Director for Naval Intelligence USCG
Joint Staff, J-6
HQ, US Air Force, Director of Director, DMI Staff
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Defense Intelligence Functional
Reconnaissance Manager for Collection
Defense Intelligence Functional
Assistant Chief of Staff for C4I, HQ, Manager for Production
US Marine Corps Defense Intelligence Functional
Manager for Infrastructure
Assistant, Deputy Director for
Director, NIMA
Military Support, CIA
Director, DISA

Figure IV-2. Membership of the Military Intelligence Board

IV-3
Chapter IV

Intentionally Blank

IV-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER V
JOINT STAFF J-2
“Great advantage is drawn from knowledge of your adversary, and when
you know the measure of his intelligence and character you can use it to
play on his weaknesses.”

Frederick the Great,

Instructions for His Generals, 1747

1. Introduction relevant to current operational interests and

potential national security policies, objectives,
This chapter identifies the responsibilities and strategy. This includes providing
of the Joint Staff J-2 in support of the indications and warning (I&W) and crisis
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the intelligence support, supporting combatant
combatant commands. Additionally, it command intelligence requirements,
identifies the responsibilities of the NMJIC developing joint intelligence doctrine,
in its role as the focal point for all defense developing joint intelligence architecture, and
intelligence activities in support of joint providing targeting support to military
operations. operations. The Joint Staff J-2 serves as the
single coordinating authority with the
2. Joint Staff Intelligence Department of Defense and IC for the
Functions and deployment of national-level NISTs.
Responsibilities
3. NMJIC
a. The Joint Staff Directorate for
Intelligence, J-2, is a unique organization, a. To accomplish assigned crisis
in that it is both a major component of DIA, a intelligence functions, the Joint Staff J-2
combat support agency, as well as a fully operates the NMJIC, which is collocated in
integrated element of the Joint Staff. Joint the Pentagon with the National Military
Staff J-2 is composed of six deputy Command Center (NMCC) and Defense
directorates, three of which make up the core Collection Coordination Center (DCCC) (See
of the NMJIC: Crisis Management (J-2M), Figure V-1). The NMJIC is comprised of
Crisis Operations (J-2O), and Targeting regional analysts, target analysts, and
Support (J-2T). The other three deputy operations specialists from J-2M, J-2O, and
directorates are Joint Staff Support (J-2J), J-2T as noted above. Additionally, the DIA
Administration (J-2A), and Assessment, has two elements assigned to the NMJIC;
Doctrine, Requirements, and Capabilities DCCC (from the Collection Requirements
(J-2P). Division), and Terrorism Threat Warning
Division. The NIMA Pentagon Operations
b. Joint Staff J-2 provides all-source Center is also an integral component of the
intelligence to the Chairman of the Joint NMJIC, as are elements of CIA, NSA,
Chiefs of Staff, OSD, Joint Staff, and representatives of the Services and, as
combatant commands which requires it to required, other federal agencies. The
draw deeply on DIA’s broad range of mission of the NMJIC is to provide defense
capabilities to accomplish its mission intelligence support and the earliest possible
and functions. J-2 apprises the Chairman warning on developing situations which may
of foreign situations and intelligence issues threaten US interests for the NCA, OSD,

V-1
 Chapter V
V-2

NATIONAL MILITARY JOINT INTELLIGENCE CENTER

Directorate for
Intelligence Joint J-2 Headquarters
Staff, J-2, VJ-2 Element

J-2 Special Assistant CIA Representative

Assistant J-2 for Operations NSA Representative (OSD)

Diversity Management Representative DI Representative (DIA)

Joint Reserve Unit NIMA Customer Support Team

J-2P Assessments,
J-2A Admin J-2J Joint Staff Doctrine, Requirements,
Support Support and Capabilities

J-2O Crisis J-2M Crisis J-2T Targeting

Operations Management Support
Joint Pub 2-02

Defense Collection Terrorism Threat

Coordination Warning Division
Center

Figure V-1. National Military Joint Intelligence Center

 Joint Staff J-2
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Intelligence represents the Director, J-2
Staff, combatant commands (through their and the DIA during non-duty hours and
JIC and/or JAC), and Military Service provides military and crisis intelligence
secretaries and chiefs during peace, crisis, continuity for other intelligence producers and
and war. As such, the NMJIC is the national-level decision makers. If a
permanent DOD Crisis Intelligence and I&W developing crisis situation escalates into a
Center, a critical element in fulfilling the crisis, the relevant Alert Center regional desk
national intelligence community’s priority officer is augmented with analytical support,
mission of crisis support to military operations. or an intelligence working group (IWG) or
The NMJIC orchestrates the responsiveness intelligence task force (ITF) is formed. Thus,
of all national sensors and collection assets to support may range from one additional
ensure complete, mutually supportive target analyst through an extended IWG to a 24-hour
coverage and immediate reporting of events. IWG or ITF.
It supports the combatant commands and their
subordinate joint forces in exercising their • Request for Information Desk. The
wartime missions and deploys special teams NMJIC Alert Center Desk provides
to facilitate national support during crises. As positive control and dire c t
the DOD focal point for crisis intelligence, the management of crisis-related and
NMJIC draws upon its centralized “all- time-sensitive RFIs requiring national-
Service, all-agency, all-source” resources and level intelligence products in support of
capabilities. Moreover, the NMJIC is warfighters, planners, and decision
recognized as the national focus for military makers. The RFI Desk is responsible for
intelligence issues for the entire IC, with validating and managing all crisis,
particular emphasis on crisis management and emerging crisis, and time-sensitive
operations. The current mission and (responses required within 24 hours)
configuration of the NMJIC reflects the RFIs. The RFI Desk assigns requirements
changing nature of intelligence support to to the appropriate national producer in
contingency operations in the dynamically accordance with the DOD Intelligence
evolving world environment. The mission of Production Program (DODIPP) and/or
the NMJIC includes providing intelligence direct coordination and ensures that
support to selected multinational organizations products and responses are timely and
in situations where there is an imminent threat satisfy the requester’s needs.
to the life and safety of multinational personnel
worldwide, and in other prescribed situations. • Intelligence Working Group. As a
The NMJIC is also the focal point within the crisis develops an IWG may be
IC for military intelligence support to selected established within the NMJIC Alert
peacekeeping and humanitarian operations, Center to provide focused coverage of
and to civilian agencies involved in emergency crisis requirements. When established,
and disaster relief operations. an IWG is announced through worldwide
message dissemination, complete with
b. Deputy Directorate for Crisis address identification and telephone
Management, J-2M. J-2M provides direct numbers. Specifically the IWG:
analytical and intelligence support to the
NMCC through the NMJIC Alert Center, a •• Is formed at the lowest level of
24-hour all-source, multi-discipline response to a particular crisis situation;
intelligence center which monitors and reports
on current and emerging crisis situations. The •• Provides all-source intelligence on the
Alert Center Deputy Director for crisis situation to the NCA, Chairman

V-3
Chapter V
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Staff, formation of an ITF, in a rapidly evolving
Services, combatant commands, and crisis (e.g., a major military clash) an ITF
deployed operational forces; and may be formed immediately, bypassing the
establishment of an IWG. The ITF focuses
•• Is normally manned from J-2 and intelligence resources, answers RFIs,
DIA with dedicated Reserve support. expedites dissemination of intelligence,
and provides rapid responses to special
• Intelligence Task Force. If a crisis tasking. Specifically, the ITF:
situation continues to escalate, the Joint
Staff J-2 may decide to form an ITF to •• Is convened by the Joint Staff J-2
provide stronger focused all-source whenever a crisis action team (CAT) is
intelligence support. The size of the ITF convened by the Operations Directorate,
depends on the severity, complexity, Joint Staff (J-3) (An ITF may be convened
and duration of the crisis and may be by the J-2 without a CAT being convened
formed using an IWG as its core. Figure if it is required to support the NMJIC.
V-2 displays a basic ITF organization. However, when the J-3 forms a CAT, the
NSA, NIMA, CIA, the Services, and other primary mission of the IWG and/or ITF
major government organizations generally will be to support the Joint Staff.);
augment an existing IWG to form an ITF.
Like the IWG, an ITF is announced by •• Provides time-urgent responses to
message with worldwide distribution. requirements from the NCA, OSD,
While an IWG normally precedes the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,

BASIC INTELLIGENCE TASK FORCE

ORGANIZATION

Commander

Team Chief

Support Section Operations Analysis Section

Production Control Officer Officer Senior Analyst
Secretary
Intel Tech

Figure V-2. Basic Intelligence Task Force Organization

V-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 Joint Staff J-2

A NIST can be requested by a JTF to supply needed information, such as

this artist’s concept of the Tarhunah underground chemical plant in Libya.

Joint Staff, Military Services, combatant Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
commands, and deployed operational combatant commanders, JTF commander,
forces; and other consumers.

•• Provides timely warning to the NCA, c. Deputy Directorate for Crisis

OSD, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Operations, J-2O. The J-2O serves as the
Staff, Joint Staff, Military Services, andJoint Staff J-2’s executive agent for all
the combatant commands of hostilities NISTs. The NIST is a nationally sourced
team composed of intelligence and
or potential threats to US interests in the
ITF’s area of concern; communications experts from DIA, CIA, and
NSA or other IC agencies as required. The
•• Develops and tailors an all-source mission of the NIST is to provide a tailored
intelligence collection strategy plan for national-level, all-source intelligence team
the DOD response to the crisis; to deployed commanders during crisis or
contingency operations.
•• Responds to requirements from other
USG agencies responsible for crisis • Key Functions
response activities;
•• The NIST can provide coordination
•• Responds to requirements of the with national intelligence agencies;
United Nations and/or foreign analytical expertise; I&W; special
governments consistent with DCI assessments; targeting support; access to
guidelines, and in coordination with the national data bases; and facilitate RFI
DIA Foreign Disclosure Office; and management.

•• Coordinates tasking of other USG •• The Joint Staff J-2 is the NIST
agencies in support of the NCA, program manager.

V-5
Chapter V
•• The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of team composition, and capabilities
Staff deploys the NIST. required. A NIST requires power,
billeting, and automated data processing
• Deployment Policy. A NIST is designed (ADP) technical support; a full NIST
to support intelligence operations at the requires a private, access-controlled area
JTF headquarters and is traditionally within a sensitive compartmented
collocated with the JTF J-2. Support information (SCI) facility work
from national agencies is requested by environment, dedicated secure
the combatant commander. A request communications (minimum is 64 kilobits
message is forwarded to the Director of per second [kbps] for Joint Deployable
the Joint Staff and staffed by the Joint Intelligence Support System [JDISS]
Staff J-2. only; a full NIST requires a T-1 line,
1.544 megabits per second [mbs]), and
• Participants. The National Intelligence “expendable” administrative supply
Support Division, Joint Staff, manages items.
the program which involves personnel
selection, training, deployment, and •• Transportation. The supported
support while deployed and command must provide intratheater
redeployed; respective intelligence transportation of personnel and
agencies are responsible for their equipment from the CONUS marshalling
member’s selection and training. area to the operating area during initial
deployment and redeployment. The
• Team Composition and Size. The Joint NIST is responsible for transportation
Staff J-2 selects the NIST team chief from from the Washington, DC area to the
nominations submitted by participating marshalling area.
agencies. The program selects volunteers
who are trained and prepared for •• Logistics. Billeting and mess, if
deployment as a crisis emerges. Teams commercially available, will be funded
are composed of agency elements (e.g., by each respective agency. The
NSA, DIA, NIMA, and CIA elements), supported command provides berthing
each under the direction of a team leader. and messing facilities if the team is living
Prior to each deployment, team in field conditions or is onboard a ship.
composition is tailored to ensure it meets The supported command will provide
the needs of the JTF and to eliminate mission specific military equipment
duplication of skills and functions. (non-standard TA-50 gear, i.e., cold
Throughout its tenure, the size and weather gear). Vehicle lift from the
composition of the team will be reviewed airhead may be required dependent on
and modifications may occur. Any the equipment and communications
changes will be done in coordination with package deployed. If vehicles are
the supported command. deployed, the supported command
provides required fuel and maintenance.
• Required Command Support
• NIST Deployed Communications
•• A NIST is not a totally self-contained Capabilities. The NIST is designed to
element; rather it requires logistic and provide a full range of intelligence
other support from the supported support to a commander, joint task force
command. Each NIST deployment is (CJTF), from a single agency element
unique based on mission, duration, with limited ultra high frequency (UHF)

V-6 Joint Pub 2-02

 Joint Staff J-2
voice connectivity to a fully equipped employment of the NIST. The element
team with JDISS and Joint Worldwide leaders are primarily involved in the
Intelligence Communications System intelligence liaison and agency
(JWICS) video teleconferencing (VTC) representation.
capabilities. Current methods of
operation continue to rely on both agency •• As the supported organizations
and command-provided communications request information or finished products
paths (i.e., bandwidth) to support from their NIST, the requirement is
deployed NIST elements. The systems discussed and deconflicted within the
that each elements are capable of team to determine which element(s)
deploying are discussed in greater detail should respond to the tasking.
in Appendix C, “NIST Systems.”
•• The NIST team chief will ensure that
• NIST and JTF Command Relationship. only time-sensitive RFIs are directly
The NIST is deployed in direct support transmitted to the NMJIC RFI Desk and
of the JTF J-2 and will perform that the command’s intelligence center
functions as so designated. All (JIC and/or JAC) is kept informed
intelligence generated by the NIST is simultaneously through the COLISEUM
available to the J-2 organization and RFI management system. This time-
CJTF, with the usual restriction based on sensitive “reachback” capability is not
clearance and programs. Each element intended as a “skip echelon.”
leader and the NIST team chief may
conduct liaison with parent organizations. •• Director of Central Intelligence
Directive (DCID) 1/7. This DCID
•• NIST members will not serve as a provides for the dissemination of
substitute for normal military intelligence originator-controlled material. The DCI
staffing nor as substitutes for representatives at the combatant commands
augmentation. The NIST team chief and the NIST can determine the secondary
is responsible for the general and follow-on dissemination of products.

An external view of the Tactical Satellite System operated by Alpha

Company, 44th Signal Battalion located on Taszar Airfield.

V-7
Chapter V
d. The Defense Collection Coordination Defense Intelligence Issue Coordinator for
Center, an element of the Requirements Targeting Support, assessing and leveraging
Management Division, is collocated with the the collective resources and capabilities of the
NMJIC in the Pentagon and provides IC to satisfy target intelligence requirements.
tasking interface and expert advice to the Additionally, J-2T operates the NMJIC
NMJIC. Operating 24 hours a day, the Targeting and BDA Cell, which is the single
DCCC facilitates timely and responsive national-level source of targeting and BDA
management, coordination, validation, support to the JCS and combatant commands.
approval, and submission of all-source time- To accomplish its mission, J-2T is organized
sensitive collection requirements supporting in two divisions.
the combatant commands, Joint Staff, DIA,
Military Services, and other DOD • Target Operations Division, (J-2T-1).
organizations. The DCCC provides direct J-2T-1 coordinates all national-level
support to the J-2 NMJIC analysts, ITFs, and target intelligence support for
IWGs. As the DOD focal point for time- contingency operations and deliberate
sensitive collection, the DCCC serves as the planning for the Joint Staff and
information base for questions regarding time- combatant commands. This Division
sensitive collection issues. Specific focuses the national intelligence
responsibilities include: community efforts for conventional and
special targeting. Operational targeting
• Managing the submission of time- support done by the Division is divided
sensitive collection requirements to into four categories: contingency
satisfy user needs; operations; coordination of targeting
community efforts; providing targeting
• Formulating and validating time- expertise to the Joint Staff; and national-
sensitive intelligence collection and level BDA.
reporting requirements in coordination
with the user; and •• Contingency Operations Support.
Targeting support is provided during
• Assigning appropriate priorities to peacetime and crisis to the national-level,
available collection and reporting combatant commands, and the supported
resources. commands. Daily coordination is
ongoing with the supported command to
e. Deputy Directorate for Targeting assist in crisis response or deliberate
Support, J-2T. Within the Joint Staff J-2, planning efforts. Target book data is
J-2T is the single DIA manager and point provided as requested to the supported
of entry for national-level target command.
intelligence support for conventional,
special, and technical operations to the •• Coordination of National Targeting
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and combatant Community Efforts. J-2T-1 coordinates
commands, including crisis response and DIA, NSA, CIA, and Joint Command
deliberate planning requirements. J-2T and Control Warfare Center (JC2WC)
is responsible for the development, expertise to ensure best target
coordination, and maintenance of joint intelligence information is distributed.
target intelligence policy, standards, and During the c o m m a n d t a r g e t
procedures, to include Target Materials d evelopment process J-2T-1
Production Programs and battle damage coordinates all national-level input to
assessment (BDA). It functions as the the command.

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 Joint Staff J-2
•• Battle Damage Assessment. The •• Doctrine and Policy Development.
Division is the focal point for national- The Division, in coordination with J-2P,
level BDA and leads the NMJIC is responsible for developing evolving
Targeting and BDA Cell with joint targeting doctrine. Additionally, in
membership from NSA, DIA, CIA, Joint conjunction with the Services and
Warfare Analysis Center (JWAC), and combatant commands, J-2T-2
JC2WC at a minimum. In addition, establishes joint targeting policy. To
J-2T-1 provides exercise and operational facilitate this process, it chairs the
national-level BDA support to the Military Target Intelligence Committee
combatant commands; coordinates and and the Battle Damage Assessment
provides the community assessment to Working Group. It manages the
the Joint Staff J-2, Chairman of the Joint worldwide US and allied Target Material
Chiefs of Staff, and NCA; and Program and establishes policy,
coordinates munitions effectiveness and standards, and specifications for Target
weaponeering analysis. Materials, to meet the needs of the US
and allied forces.
• Target Plans Division, (J-2T-2).
J-2T-2 develops joint target intelligence •• Future Concept Development. This
policy, standards, procedures, and section is responsible for developing joint
requirements for all aspects of targeting, targeting vision, which entails long-term
to include BDA and information estimates of future operations and the
operations (IO). It ensures standardized impact of these on targeting.
joint targeting intelligence techniques,
automated targeting tools, and commonly •• Information Operations Targeting
accepted methods. As the Targeting Issue Development. This section is
Coordinator for DIA and the Joint Staff responsible for integrating changes
J-2, the Division hosts national-level fora brought about by the revolution in
for developing and validating these Military Affairs. It provides mid-term
target intelligence-related products, solutions to fully integrating information
standards, and requirements. The operations into the joint targeting process.
Division is organized into four primary
areas: automation development; f. Deputy Directorate for Administration.
doctrine and policy; future concepts; and J-2A focuses on all personnel, budget,
IO. manpower, and infrastructure issues for
the Joint Staff J-2. All J-2 personnel and
•• Automation Development. J-2T-2 security issues are centralized in this
is responsible for establishing and Directorate to support J-2 and the IC
managing functional requirements for representatives resident in the NMJIC. It is
joint targeting systems. It is responsible the central clearinghouse for all ADP
for integrating new technologies into the requirements necessary to support the J-2 and
targeting process. The Joint Targeting its operations.
Automation Steering Group, which
provides a forum to establish and g. Deputy Directorate for Joint Staff
prioritize combatant command and Support. J-2J serves as the DIA focal point
Service targeting automation for supporting the Chairman of the Joint
requirements, is chaired by this Branch. Chiefs of Staff, maintains close relationships

V-9
Chapter V
with all offices of the Joint Staff, and ensures and developing consensus among the IC,
prompt and responsive DIA participation and combatant commands, Services, Defense
support in intelligence matters. J-2J also agencies and organizations, and OSD.
serves as the Joint Staff J-2 Military
Secretariat, and receives, tasks, monitors, • Integrating existing studies, data, and
votes, and ensures suspense dates are met on analyses for assessments of baseline ISR
all Joint Staff actions. Additionally, J-2J capabilities and programs; developing a
manages the Defense Intelligence Support future vision of ISR support to joint
Officers assigned to the combatant warfighting; identifying gaps in
commands, US Forces Korea, and capabilities and shortfalls in ISR
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers systems and programs; and
Europe and North Atlantic Treaty recommending improvements and new
Organization (NATO) Headquarters. Each initiatives for consideration by the JROC
Defense Intelligence Support Office (DISO) and OSD in their development of the key
includes a Senior DIA Intelligence Officer, who CJCS and SecDef planning and
serves as the personal representative of the DIA programming guidance.
Director and as DISO Chief; an administrative
assistant; and a varying number of DIA • Developing capabilities to perform
functional intelligence specialists based on the comprehensive analyses of ISR
needs of the combatant command. With the requirements, capabilities, and resulting
Senior DIA Representative serving as the architectures; developing and
Agency’s primary liaison officer, other DISO maintaining an interactive, multimedia
members provide intelligence support skills and and data access system; and providing
services normally available in each command. all-source intelligence information,
The DISO organization enhances and expedites sensor characteristics, command,
the exchange of information covering the broad control, communications, computers,
spectrum of intelligence operations between DIA and intelligence (C4I) data,
and the supported command. organizational relationships, equipment
quantities and locations, and associated
h. Deputy Directorate for Intelligence programmatic information to support
Assessments, Doctrine, Requirements, and assessments of ISR architectures.
Capabilities. J-2P assesses joint
warfighting intelligence, surveillance, and • Ensuring that joint intelligence doctrine
reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities for the and intelligence support to information
CJCS Joint Requirements Oversight operations are structured to support
Council (JROC) to assist JCS prioritization forces operating during war.
of high-payoff capabilities. J-2P also
develops joint intelligence doctrine, • Developing and maintaining joint,
architectures, strategies, and policies that multinational, and combined intelligence
directly support combatant commands and doctrine, tactics, techniques, and
subordinate JFCs worldwide. Specific procedures.
responsibilities include the following.
• Conducting liaison with the IC, including
• Leading and conducting the ISR Joint representing and monitoring the defense
Warfighting Capability Assessments intelligence community and combatant
(JWCAs) for the JROC; acting as the commands or Service requirements for
secretariat for the ISR JWCA; and intelligence and intelligence-related
providing management and guidance capabilities and systems.

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 Joint Staff J-2
• Ensuring that joint intelligence intelligence and command and control
requirements are incorporated in both (C2) communities.
DCI and DOD planning, programming, and
prioritization documents. • Representing the Joint Staff J-2 in the
programmatic and budgetary review of
• Serving as the Intelligence proposed and/or operational community
Requirements Certification Office for and Defense intelligence programs.
the Defense IC.
• Participating in the development of DCI,
• Coordinating and facilitating military SecDef, and CJCS program guidance
intelligence issues between the military documents.

V-11
Chapter V

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 CHAPTER VI
DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
“Knowledge of the country is to a general what a musket is to an infantryman
and the rules of arithmetic are to a geometrician. If he does not know the
country he will do nothing but make gross mistakes. Therefore study the
country where you are going to act.”

Frederick the Great

Instructions for His Generals, 1747

1. Introduction a. Responsibilities. The Director, DIA

advises the Secretary of Defense and Deputy
The DIA is a combat support agency and a Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the
major collector and producer in the defense Joint Chiefs of Staff, combatant commanders,
intelligence community. The DIA is and ASD(C3I) on all matters concerning
responsible for military and military-related military and military-related intelligence; is
intelligence requirements of the Secretary of the principal DOD intelligence representative
Defense and Deputy Secretary of Defense, in the national foreign intelligence process;
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, other and, with the agreement of the heads of DOD
DOD components, and non-DOD agencies intelligence components, is responsible for
of the federal government when appropriate. coordinating the budgeting and allocation of
It also provides the military intelligence DOD intelligence component personnel and
contribution to national foreign intelligence resources to satisfy DOD intelligence
and counterintelligence. Its mission is to requirements. The DIA’s support flows across
provide timely, objective, and cogent military the range of military operations to include;
intelligence to the warfighters — and to the counterterrorism, counterdrugs, medical
DOD and USG decision makers and intelligence, weapons of mass destruction and
policymakers. This chapter discusses the proliferation, United Nations peacekeeping
DIA’s responsibilities to provide intelligence and coalition support, missile and space
capabilities and systems for near-real-time intelligence, noncombatant evacuation
support of crisis, contingencies, and military efforts, targeting, and BDA. The DIA
operations. responsibilities include the following.

2. DIA Responsibilities and • Providing peacetime, crisis, contingency,

Functions and combat intelligence support to the
operational military forces.
DIA plans and directs, collects, processes
and exploits, analyzes and produces, • Providing military intelligence support
disseminates and integrates, and evaluates for the policy and planning activities of
military intelligence for the Department DOD components and, as appropriate,
of Defense. The DIA’s support to for similar activities of non-DOD
policymakers focuses on developing national- national authorities.
level intelligence assessments, presenting and
providing perspectives for defense policy, and • Planning, programming, and budgeting
providing I&W of potential crisis. activities in support of DOD intelligence

VI-1
Chapter VI
missions to include the following (see implementation of which require
Appendix D, “Intelligence Resource personnel and resources from one or
Programs,” for greater detail on the more of the other DOD intelligence
individual programs). components, and exercising the degree
of direction and control over these
•• Serving as the Program Manager of personnel resources that is required to
the General Defense Intelligence accomplish the purpose of the activities.
Program (GDIP); developing the GDIP
as an input to the NFIP; participating in • Fostering jointness in the activities of the
the NFIP approval process; and DOD intelligence components and
overseeing execution of funds enhancing coordination among these
appropriate for GDIP and GDIP-related components.
activities.
• Fostering interoperability of all DOD
•• Preparing and submitting the DIA intelligence systems at all levels.
program and budget input to the GDIP,
the DOD Foreign Counterintelligence • Providing support to the Chairman of
Program, and the JMIP. the Joint Chiefs of Staff for, and
participating in, the implementation of
•• Serving as the program coordinator of sensitive support programs.
the Defense General Intelligence and
Applications Program (DGIAP) of the • Coordinating and, when appropriate,
JMIP. developing and executing intelligence
operation plans.
•• Assembling and developing
statements of military intelligence b. Organization. The DIA is organized
requirements and related plans, into six directorates and the Joint Military
programs, and budget proposals, and Intelligence College, in addition to the staff
advising the Chairman of the Joint comprising the Command Element (See
Chiefs of Staff, ASD(C3I), DCI and Figure VI-1). The Directorate for Intelligence,
other DOD components, as appropriate. Joint Staff was discussed in Chapter V, “Joint
Staff J-2,” of this publication. The other
•• Responding to requests by the Directorates and the College are discussed
ASD(C3I) and Chairman of the Joint below.
Chiefs of Staff to review and provide
recommendations concerning planning, • Directorate for Intelligence
programming, budgeting, and the use of Production (DI). The DI produces the
intelligence resources for collection and broadest range of intelligence for all joint
production of intelligence in support of operations of any organization in the
planning and operations requirements Intelligence Community. As the
of the military forces in peacetime, crisis, Functional Manager for Production, DI
contingency, and combat situations. also manages the production of military
intelligence throughout the Defense
• Providing representation on national and Intelligence Community in response to
international fora. the needs of DOD and non-DOD
customers. In anticipation of crisis and
• Conducting intelligence activities for during crisis or deployed US military
which DIA is assigned responsibility, the operations, DI leverages analytic

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 Defense Intelligence Agency

DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY ORGANIZATION

Command
Element

Joint Military Directorate

Intelligence for
College Administration

Directorate Directorate for

for Policy Intelligence
Support Joint Staff

Directorate for
Directorate for Directorate for
Information
Intelligence Intelligence
Systems and
Operations Production
Services

Figure VI-1. Defense Intelligence Agency Organization

expertise through the Defense contact in DI for requirements involving

Intelligence Community and, where analytical support during crisis
appropriate, from non-Defense agencies situations and for sustained military
to support joint operational needs. DI operations. Response times are driven
directs analytical elements in by criticality, time sensitivity, and
Washington, DC and the production requester priority. The OICC
efforts of two field production activities; transitions to 24-hour operations as
Armed Forces Medical Intelligence required, and the size and number of
Center (AFMIC) and Missile and Space OICC watch teams varies depending
Intelligence Center (MSIC). The upon the nature and duration of each
Operational Intelligence Coordination crisis. DI’s Information Warfare
Center (OICC), located in the Defense Support Office conducts intelligence
Intelligence Analysis Center (DIAC), preparations of the battlespace, foreign
serves as the crisis management office threat assessments, and analysis of
for the DI in direct support to the DIA foreign deception. Other
and/or J-2 and is the single point of responsibilities include the following.

VI-3
Chapter VI
•• Participating in and supporting, as those acquisition and exploitation
appropriate, the activities of the Defense activities for which the NSA and
Special Missile and Astronautics Center, ASD(C3I) have primary responsibility.
IC centers, committees, and working
groups established by the DCI and •• Armed Forces Medical Intelligence
comparable activities established by the Center. The AFMIC, located at Ft.
Secretary of Defense. Detrick in Frederick, Maryland, is the
only Tri-Service medical intelligence
•• Preparing intelligence assessments organization within the USG. The
and estimates concerning transfers of AFMIC products are tailored to the
technology, goods, services, and unique requirements of deployed
munitions (including associated transfer operational forces but are also widely
mechanisms) and participating in used by national-level policymakers and
interagency, national, and international the acquisition community. Mission
fora on such transfers. responsibilities include the production of
finished, all-source, medical intelligence
•• Establishing product standards for, in support of the Department of Defense
exercising technical and quality control and its components, national
over, overseeing the establishment of policymakers, and other federal
requirements for, and managing the non- government agencies. Assessments,
duplicative scheduled and unscheduled forecasts, and data bases are prepared on
production of integrated scientific and foreign military and civilian health care
technical and general military capabilities and trends, worldwide
intelligence for all DOD intelligence infectious disease occurrence, global
components. environmental health risks, and military
significant life science technologies.
•• Establishing and maintaining a DOD-
wide system of DODIPP. •• Missile and Space Intelligence
Center. The MSIC, located on Redstone
•• Supporting the DOD weapons Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama,
acquisition process by producing threat provides current and comprehensive
assessments within DIA (or validating scientific and technical intelligence to
assessments produced by other DOD US decision makers, weapon system
intelligence components) for all major developers, and combatant commanders.
DOD acquisition programs. This It develops and disseminates intelligence
includes maintaining strong scientific concerning the threat from offensive and
programs within the Department of defensive guided-missile systems,
Defense supporting the acquisition directed-energy weapons, selected space
process. programs and/or systems and related
command, control, and communications
•• Establishing and conducting research to support operationally deployed forces
and development and testing and and the material acquisition process.
evaluating programs and projects, as Additionally, it develops and distributes
appropriate, to accomplish the DIA digital threat simulations to force
mission. developers and operational forces.

•• Managing the execution of the • Directorate for Intelligence

Foreign Material Program, except for Operations (DO). The DO manages

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 Defense Intelligence Agency
collection requirements and operations in the GDIP, and developing
and ensures the effective acquisition and recommendations for future systems.
application of all-source intelligence
collection resources to satisfy DOD •• Implementing national intelligence
collection requirements. The DO also collection tasking authority after such
directs all non-tactical DOD HUMINT authority is transferred from the DCI to
activities through the Defense HUMINT the Secretary of Defense in crisis and/or
Services (DHS), and measurement and conflict situations.
signature intelligence (MASINT)
activities through the Central MASINT •• Serving as the Collection Fund
Office. In addition to providing HUMINT Manager to ensure funding and
collection support, DHS deploys forward manpower for valid joint resource
HUMINT Support Elements to each requirements.
combatant command to provide a conduit
for coordination with DHS, to ensure the J-2 • Directorate for Information Systems
is fully informed of DHS activities, and and Services (DS). The DS provides
to assist the command in obtaining information systems and services to the
HUMINT support. HUMINT operating IC in support of warfighters, national
bases and locations around the world also policymakers, and defense acquisition
meet joint information requirements. authorities. Its functions include ADP
DHS provides HUMINT resources in and communication engineering
response to joint force requirements development integration and operations
which may include augmenting a joint for DIA and the IC; information library
force J-2 CI/HUMINT staff element and/ services, hardcopy and electronic
or HUMINT Operations Cell and publication and dissemination; video and
deploying special collection teams. The visual information services; GDIP
DHS also manages the worldwide intelligence infrastructure functional
Defense Attaché System. Defense management; and DOD Intelligence
attachés observe and report military and Information System (DODIIS) planning,
political-military information of interest engineering, and life-cycle management
to the Joint Staff, Services, the efforts. Additional responsibilities
Department of Defense, and combatant include the following.
commands. Other responsibilities
include the following. •• Overseeing the research and
development, procurement, and operation
•• Validating, registering, and of DOD intelligence infrastructure-
recommending priorities for military related programs, systems, and activities
intelligence requirements; assigning funded in the GDIP, to include printing,
collection responsibilities; and processing, communications, and
monitoring the application of DOD information systems.
collection resources, other than signals
intelligence (SIGINT) and imagery •• Providing centralized intelligence
intelligence (IMINT) resources, to such dissemination services and supervising
requirements. a DOD-wide intelligence dissemination
system.
•• Overseeing the development,
procurement, and operation of military •• Serving as the Executive Agent for
intelligence collection systems funded NIMA responsible for imagery

VI-5
Chapter VI
processing, storage, retrieval, and •• DA operates the Joint Military
dissemination. Intelligence Training Center (JMITC).
JMITC provides strategic and joint
• Directorate for Policy Support (DP). intelligence training in resident and non-
The DP, located in the Pentagon, is resident modes to DIA, the unified
responsible for ensuring that all commands, the Military Services, other
requirements for military intelligence DOD components, and other federal
support to the Secretary of Defense and agencies. It also provides DOD-wide
senior policymakers in the Department oversight of general intelligence training;
of Defense are satisfied. DP’s defense functional management for GDIP-funded
intelligence officers, with regional and intelligence training; and validation of
function responsibilities, provide the DOD general intelligence training
bridge between policy consumers, requirements.
intelligence collectors and the J-2. They
routinely interface with the IC, the •• Within DA, the Counterintelligence
Services, the unified commands and and Security Activity (DAC) manages
substantive analysts in bringing together security and CI programs to safeguard
intelligence-policy perspectives. DP is DIA personnel, information, facilities,
the central authority for all DOD activities systems, and operations. This includes
related to non-SIGINT and non-IMINT operating as the focal point for all joint
intelligence agreements and counterintelligence issues arising from or
arrangements with foreign governments, in support of the Chairman of the Joint
allies, and international organizations. It Chiefs of Staff and combatant
also serves as the single authority for all commanders. It provides CI analysis,
disclosures of DIA information to foreign production, and staff support to OSD,
governments and international the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
organizations. DP’s Defense Intelligence unified commands, Defense agencies,
Liaison Offices interface with the DOD special activities, and the National
Commonwealth nations (Canada, Intelligence Community for assigned
Australia, and the United Kingdom (UK)) regions. DAC also implements SCI
in the sharing of intelligence impacting security policy within the Department of
on joint operations. The Policy Support Defense, and it develops and publishes
Directorate also manages special access security policy manuals, regulations, and
programs in support of the OSD, JCS, the handbooks for the Department of
Services, and the commands. Defense. The overseas branch provides
tailored technical security support and
• Directorate for Administration (DA). monitors the threats to the security of
DA develops and implements DIA US customers.
personnel management policies,
procedures, and programs. DA • Joint Military Intelligence College
provides support for Agency missions for (MC). The College, located at the DIAC,
training and career development of educates military and civilian intelligence
personnel, manages the support services professionals who satisfy intelligence
in the areas of engineering, logistics, requirements as full partners in
travel, space management, and facilities safeguarding and advancing the nation’s
maintenance. interest. A regionally accredited

VI-6 Joint Pub 2-02

 Defense Intelligence Agency
institution, the College is authorized by • Director, Military Intelligence Staff.
Congress to award two degrees, the The Director, Military Intelligence Staff
Master of Science of Strategic (DM), which is part of the Command
Intelligence and the Bachelor of Science Element, provides the Director, DIA,
in Intelligence. Its educational programs with plans, policies, and programs to
prepare military and civilian personnel manage resources that support military
for command, staff, and policymaking intelligence. DM serves as the
positions. The College manages an management office for all matters
intelligence research program that affecting the military intelligence
conducts and disseminates relevant community, coordinating with OSD,
academic research on topics of Office of Management and Budget,
significance to present and future CMS, Services, Defense agencies, and
intelligence missions. Congress.

VI-7
Chapter VI

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VI-8 Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER VII
NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/CENTRAL
SECURITY SERVICE
“Communications dominate war; broadly considered, they are the most important
single element in strategy, political, or military.”

Mahan
The Problem of Asia, 1900

1. Introduction Agent for US INFOSEC and interagency

operations security training.
The National Security Agency and its
Central Security Service (CSS) ensure • Function as the SIGINT and INFOSEC
cryptologic planning and support for joint advisor to the Secretary of Defense and the
operations. This chapter describes the support Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
responsibilities of NSA/CSS, the Provide cryptologic advice and assistance
corresponding coordination responsibilities to the unified combatant commands and
of the supported commands, and the other military commands through NSA/
mechanisms and communications systems CSS representatives at those locations.
that NSA/CSS has developed for interfacing
with military forces. • Determine, in conjunction with the
combatant commanders and subordinate
2. NSA/CSS Responsibilities JFCs, when the Director, National
Security Agency (DIRNSA) and Chief,
The NSA/CSS, working with the tactical CSS should delegate SIGINT
cryptologic units of a command, provides operational tasking authority to an
SIGINT and information security appropriate commander.
(INFOSEC), encompassing communications
security (COMSEC) and computer security • Implement programs and initiatives that
as well as telecommunications support and promote interaction among national and
operations security (OPSEC). The people and tactical cryptologic assets.
equipment providing SIGINT, INFOSEC, and
OPSEC constitute the United States Cryptologic b. To meet readiness responsibilities, NSA/
System (USCS). The NSA/CSS, through the CSS and the USCS will perform as follows.
USCS, fulfills cryptologic command and/or
management, readiness, and operational • Respond comprehensively, directly, and
responsibilities in support of military operations quickly to the validated and prioritized
according to the SecDef tasking, priorities, and readiness information requirements of
standards of timeliness. military commanders.

a. To meet command and management • Ensure the designated wartime and

responsibilities, NSA/CSS and the USCS will contingency cryptologic resources
perform the following functions. productively support appropriate
readiness requirements.
• Operationally control the SIGINT activities
of the USCS and execute the responsibilities • Promote programs and provide technical
of the Secretary of Defense as Executive support to the Chairman of the Joint

VII-1
Chapter VII
Chiefs of Staff, the Chiefs of the Services, use of SIGINT, INFOSEC, and OPSEC in
and the combatant commander on military operations.
SIGINT, INFOSEC, and OPSEC to
enhance mission effectiveness. c. To meet operational responsibilities, NSA/
CSS, and the USCS will perform as follows.
• Provide security assessments to assist the
military in determining the vulnerability • Respond immediately to the changing
of their information systems. and time-sensitive needs of military
commands in war or MOOTW based on
• Assist the Services in developing SIGINT requirements forwarded
information systems security; evaluating directly, or via other means, to NSA.
and developing information system
architectures and standards; managing • Provide information systems encryption
associated encryption systems; designing materials to military users during
secure internetting architectures, peacetime, in crisis, contingency, and
standards and protocols; and war.
implementing standards.
• Provide cryptologic support to
• Assist the Services in defining information operations.
information systems transmission
security standards, and evaluating jam- • Provide cryptologic support to US allied
resistant and low-probability-of- military commands in coordination with
interception and/or detection systems. US and allied cryptologic activities.

• Develop, test, and implement new concepts, • Support, in coordination with other
plans, capabilities, and procedures to national intelligence activities, US
improve cryptologic support to US and allied contingency operations consistent with
military commands. procedures defined in CJCS Joint
Operations manuals for support to
• Provide systems development, conventional and special operations
engineering, and programmatic support missions.
to Joint, Service, and/or Multinational
tactical cryptologic initiatives. • Support military special technical
operations.
• Develop cryptologic support plans in
support of the Chairman of the Joint • Provide SIGINT support through
Chiefs of Staff and command operation appropriate channels to the commanders
plans, as required. responsible for C2 of mobile military
SIGINT platforms.
• Ensure that personnel of NSA, the
Service cryptologic elements (SCEs), • Provide direct and dedicated
and tactical commands, in conjunction interoperable cryptologic
with the Services, are adequately trained communications support to facilitate the
to fulfill cryptologic tasks across the delivery of perishable SIGINT to
range of military operations. military commands and provide for
continued cryptologic support to
• Conduct, participate in, and support both emergency or rapid recovery and
US and allied exercises to facilitate the reconstitution teams.

VII-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 National Security Agency/Central Security Service
d. NSA/CSS Command Relationship • Special Support Activity (SSA). The
SSA provides real time threat warning
• The combatant commands and in its role as the contingency and crisis
Services must coordinate all management center of the NSOC. It
cryptologic plans with the NSA/CSS. serves as the NSA/CSS lead on all
Cryptologic planning encompasses but NISTs, and its personnel are deployable
is not limited to: cryptologic and/or for up to 90 days. It may function as a
SIGINT subarchitectures to the temporary cryptologic support group
Command Intelligence Architecture (CSG) in responding to RFIs by
Planning Program; cryptologic support commanders, and also monitors
plans to operation plans and operation exercises.
plans in concept format; new or revised
policies, concepts, plans, or procedures • The Joint COMSEC Monitor Activity
enhancing cryptologic support to (JCMA). JCMA is a JCS-sponsored
combatant commands and multinational organization operating under the
forces; and planning involving second- auspices of the NSA. The mission of the
and third-party nations. JCMA is to conduct COMSEC
monitoring (collection, analysis, and
• The USCS is organized and managed to reporting) of DOD telecommunications
support peacetime through wartime signals (encrypted and unencrypted)
needs of military commanders at various and automated information systems
echelons. Critical to providing such an d m o n i t o r i n g o f r e l a t e d
support is a thorough understanding of noncommunications signals. The
the commander’s plans, operational purpose is to identify vulnerabilities
concepts, and intelligence needs under exploitable by potential adversaries and
the various conditions which will be to recommend countermeasures and
encountered. To ensure that proper corrective actions.
SIGINT support is provided, a close
working relationship must exist • Director of Military Support (DMS).
among the commander, staff, and Through the DMS, DIRNSA and Chief,
supporting cryptologic elements. The CSS, is responsible for planning and
support must be tailored, timely and executing cryptologic support strategy
responsive to the commander’s expressed for operations planned or executed in
interests. SIGINT support is provided coordination with Chairman of the Joint
by a combination of national and tactical Chiefs of Staff and supported commands.
programs. The Assistant Deputy Director for
Operations/Military Support
e. NSA Cryptologic Support Mechanisms (ADDO[MS]), will function as the DMS
and be the Agency focal point for all
• National Security Operations Center matters relating to military support. The
(NSOC). The NSOC functions as the NSA element to a NIST action office
current operations and crisis management falls under the supervision of the
center of the NSA/CSS to ensure that ADDO(MS).
time-sensitive cryptologic needs of
commanders are met. The NSOC • National Cryptologic Representative
operates cohesively with the NMCC and (NCR) Defense (NCRDEF). The
DOD I&W watch centers. NCRDEF is the DIRNSA’s senior NSA

VII-3
Chapter VII
representative at the Pentagon, providing • Regional SIGINT Operations Centers
day-to-day advice and support to the (RSOCs). RSOCs are NSA field
Department of Defense, Chairman of the activities with the mission to enhance
Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Staff, and combat SIGINT support to commanders
Military Services. at all echelons. The RSOCs are
regionally focused and receive inputs
• National Cryptologic Representative from multiple sources. These centers
and Cryptologic Support Groups are multi-Service military and/or civilian
facilities and provide an opportunity to
•• NCRs and CSGs are established in build on the synergy of national and
coordination with unified and selected tactical assets.
component commands. They are advisors
tothesupportedcombatantcommanderand 3. Contingency Communications
J-2 for cryptologic matters, to include Systems
SIGINT and INFOSEC.
a. NSA’s telecommunications and
•• CSGs are considered to be extensions intelligence support capabilities are vast. While
of the NSOC and are one mechanism for many of their systems could have useful
the commanders to gain access to and applications in contingency operations, the three
support from the USCS. The function most commonly employed systems are the
of the CSG will normally include Tributary System, the Scaleable Transportable
supporting operational commanders by: Intelligence Communications System (STICS)
providing timely SIGINT interpretation, and Critical Source (CS). Though not exclusive
advice, and assistance; assisting in stating to NIST deployments, these systems are often
cryptologic requirements; and facilitating deployed with NISTs and are discussed in
the flow of SIGINT from the USCS to greater detail in Appendix C, “NIST Systems.”
the operational users. For example, a
CSG provides 24-hour support to the • Tributary. The Tributary System is a
Joint Staff J-2 NMJIC. standing voice and (limited) data

INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLESPACE

DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM

During Operation DESERT SHIELD and throughout air operations of DESERT

STORM, US Navy and Army special operations personnel and force
reconnaissance Marines established a series of observation sites along the
Kuwaiti-Saudi Arabian border. Tasked to conduct surveillance of the border
and intelligence collection in support of follow-on operations, these sites were
manned by Navy SEALs, Army Special Forces and Marine Corps force
reconnaissance teams, augmented with Marine Corps and Army SIGINT
personnel. Through nightly patrols and continuous visual and electromagnetic
monitoring of Iraqi forces, the surveillance teams were able to conduct all-
source collection of Iraqi army activity across the border. Their efforts laid
the groundwork for a thorough intelligence preparation of the battlespace
that was instrumental in planning for the forthcoming ground offensive to
liberate Kuwait.

SOURCE: Navy Doctrine Publication 2

VII-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 National Security Agency/Central Security Service
network that can provide direct threat Shipment of STICS equipment can be
warning to operational forces. The effected with 24 hours of approval (See
Tributary System uses portable UHF Appendix C, “NIST Systems”).
satellite communications equipment to
provide military commanders with direct • CS. CS is a scaleable, deployable
subscriber linkage to NSA’s SSA. SSA equipment suite that provides operational
teams can be activated and deployed as forces with access to theater and national
needed to assist a JTF in response to crisis SIGINT support and other national
or contingencies. JTF commanders need intelligence resources. This secure,
not establish special communications multimedia, tactical voice and data
pathways to access Tributary, since it is a processing system extends the powerful
standing, NSA-maintained network. In NSA/CSS communications infrastructure
some contingencies, a separate dedicated to a forward-deployed CSG or the NSA
network has been created. Although the element of a NIST. CS can provide entry
main purpose of Tributary is to provide into the National Time Sensitive System
time-sensitive threat warning and (NTSS), the National Secure Telephone
reporting, the voice and data capabilities System (NSTS) or “Gray phone”, the NSA-
can also be used to support CSG functions. NET gateway, and other national systems
Tributary equipment includes an LST-5 such as JWICS. Communications pathway
B/C UHF radio, a portable computer, and and satellite access remain the responsibility
an antenna appropriate for the mission. of the supported command; however,
Encryption devices are provided by NSA, communications can be effected via any
but the supported command must arrange suitable front end, such as Trojan Spirit or
for the proper keymat. Most Tributary sets the NSA-maintained Critical Source
are forward-deployed with the operational Satellite Terminal (CSAT). (See Appendix
units that are most likely to require threat C, “NIST Systems.”)
warning support. Sufficient equipment
packages are available for most b. Support to military operations depends on
contingencies. JWICS and on the SECRET Internet Protocol
Router Network (SIPRNET), the DODIIS-
• STICS IIC. STICS is an intelligence standard SECRET-level-high-speed
support communication system used as communications and/or dissemination
a dedicated intelligence link to coordinate network. The Near-Real-Time Dissemination
both intratheater and nation-level (NRTD) system, one of NSA’s key combat
support. Scaled to meet the user’s support mechanisms, depends upon JWICS and
requirements, a typical STICS SIPRNET for Internet Protocol (IP) network
configuration contains an LST-5 based broadcast of vital time-sensitive data. NRTD
UHF satellite communications uses satellite broadcast media for delivery of
(SATCOM) transceiver, an encryption intelligence to combat units not connected to
device, a universal power supply, and an the IP networks (JWICS or SIPRNET). In the
appropriate antenna. The STICS IIC is future, NRTD will play a role in the evolving
contained in a single suitcase for ease of Integrated Broadcast System (IBS), currently
transport. It also comes in an airborne being developed by the IC. The IBS will
version for deployment with paratroopers eventually become a major component of the
and a voice-only shipboard version. community combat support infrastructure.

VII-5
Chapter VII

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VII-6 Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER VIII
NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY
“Nothing should be neglected in acquiring a knowledge of the geography
and military statistics of their states, so as to know their material and moral
capacity for attack and defense as well as the strategic advantages of the
two parties.”

Jomini
Precis de l’ Art de la Guerre, 1838

1. Establishment commanders on imagery, imagery

intelligence, and geospatial information. In
On 1 October 1996, the NIMA was exercising these responsibilities the Director,
established by DOD Directive. The NIMA NIMA shall perform the following duties.
mission is to provide timely, relevant, and
accurate intelligence and geospatial a. Provide responsive imagery, imagery
information in support of national security intelligence, and geospatial products, support,
objectives of the United States. NIMA was services, and information to include:
established, as a combat support agency,
under the authority, direction, and control of • the coordination of imagery collection;
the Secretary of Defense.
• national tasking;
2. Responsibilities and
Functions • processing;

The Director of NIMA advises the • exploitation; and

Secretary of Defense, DCI, Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the combatant • primary and secondary dissemination.

NIMA ensures that required imagery, such as this photo of MIG aircraft at
Taszar Airfield, Hungary, is provided quickly and efficiently.

VIII-1
Chapter VIII
b. Perform imagery analysis and related to the processing, dissemination,
geospatial production. and archiving of imagery (including
tasking, collection, processing,
c. Manage and task national collection exploitation, and dissemination),
operations in accordance with applicable US imagery intelligence, and geospatial
codes, Presidential Executive Orders (EOs), information.
and consistent with the DCI’s collection
authorities, as follows. • Transfer or otherwise provide such
systems to the DOD components as
• Establish and consolidate national appropriate.
imagery collection requirements.
• Develop and field systems of common
• Support the imagery collection elements concern related to IMINT and geospatial
to meet national intelligence information.
requirements.
i. Prescribe and mandate the use of
• Advise DOD imagery collection elements standards and technical architectures related
on the collection of imagery to meet non- to IMINT and geospatial information.
national intelligence requirements.
• Standards for end-to-end imagery-related
• Establish and consolidate DOD and geospatial information architectures.
geospatial information data collection
requirements. • Standards for geospatial products
produced within the Department of
d. Provide advisory tasking for theater and Defense.
tactical assets.
• Technical guidance and direction to all
e. Disseminate and ensure the of the DOD components regarding
dissemination of imagery, imagery analysis, standardization and interoperability of
and geospatial information. systems requiring geospatial information
or imagery support.
f. Serve as the Program Manager for the
National Imagery and Mapping Program for • Technical guidance and direction to all
activities within the NIMA. DOD components on exploitation and
dissemination of imagery-related
g. Serve as the functional manager for the products and geospatial information.
Consolidated Imagery and Mapping Program
within the NFIP and as the functional manager j. Evaluate the performance of imagery,
for the Joint Imagery and Mapping Program IMINT, and geospatial information
within the JMIP. components of the Department of Defense
in meeting national and military intelligence
h. Establish end-to-end imagery-related requirements. Report evaluations annually
architectures and systems integrated into the to the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the
Defense information structure as follows. Joint Chiefs of Staff, and DCI. Define and
recommend cooperative production and
• Perform and direct the research and dissemination arrangements for the
design, development, deployment, performance of imagery, IMINT and
operation, and maintenance of systems geospatial information components of the

VIII-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 National Imagery and Mapping Agency
Department of Defense and the IC to support Security Act of 1947 and EO 12333, “United
wartime and contingency operations. States Intelligence Activities.”

k. Review and respond to the imagery, r. Advise the Secretary of Defense and DCI
IMINT, and geospatial information on future needs for imagery and geospatial
requirements and priorities for military information-related matters to the DOD
operations, in support of the combatant components.
commanders.
s. Serve as the sole DOD action agency
l. Develop and submit to the Secretary of for all purchases of commercial- and foreign
Defense a consolidated statement of geospatial government-owned remote sensing data by
information production requirements and the Department of Defense.
priorities in accordance with the National
Military Strategy and National Security t. Advise the DOD Acquisition Board, the
objectives of the United States. Defense Science Board and other DOD
boards on geospatial information and
m. Manage archives of national and theater imagery-related issues.
imagery, imagery products, and geospatial
information. u. Establish and maintain a NIMA Joint
Manpower Program that will be reviewed
n. Exercise imagery and geospatial annually by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
information systems for responsiveness and of Staff.
support to military forces in wartime and
contingency operations. v. Serve as the DOD Modeling and
Simulation Management Executive Agent for
o. In accordance with the DOD plan for Terrain, managing and overseeing all aspects
Peacetime Use of Reserve Component of DOD modeling and simulation related to
Intelligence Elements, identify imagery and the authoritative representation of terrain,
IMINT tasks, products, support services, and including both data and the dynamic process
information requirements that can models describing related natural and
appropriately be satisfied from within the manmade effects.
Military Services Reserve Forces. In
coordination with DIA, establish the w. Promulgate procedures and instructions
capability to conduct mission tasking and for imagery, IMINT, and geospatial
mission management of Reserve Forces information and related matters to the
engaged in or capable of being engaged in Department of Defense, including publication
those activities. of handbooks for the collection, analysis,
dissemination and release of imagery,
p. Develop policies and provide DOD imagery-derived products, and geospatial
participation in national and international information.
imagery and geospatial information activities.
Represent the Department of Defense in x. Provide planning support to the
national and international geospatial combatant commands and Services for
information standardization activities. imagery and geospatial services. This support
begins with a thorough understanding of the
q. Provide intelligence sources and commander’s plans, operational concepts, and
methods in accordance with the National intelligence and geospatial needs.

VIII-3
Chapter VIII
3. The NIMA Organization and Defense agencies. Members of the Defense
Intelligence and Joint Staff Team are located in
a. NIMA is structured with three directorates. the following key areas to support their
The chief of each Directorate serves as a Deputy customers; the Pentagon in the J-2 and NMJIC,
Director to the Director, NIMA. This structure the NMCC, and OSD spaces, as well as at the
is reflected in Figure VIII-1. DIAC and Clarendon. The NIMA Operations
Center at the Pentagon provides around-the-
b. The Operations Directorate, Customer clock, near-real-time imagery analysis support in
Support Office, is the focal point for interface response to the intelligence requirements of the
with external customers, including the JCS, J-2, combatant commands, Services, and other
combatant commands, Services, and National joint staff elements.

NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING

AGENCY ORGANIZATION

DIRECTOR
Executive
Assistant

General Inspector
Counsel General

Chief of Commercial
Staff Office

Systems and Corporate Affairs

Operations
Technology Directorate
Directorate
Directorate

Figure VIII-1. National Imagery and Mapping Agency Organization

VIII-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER IX
NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE AND DEFENSE
AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE
“Time spent on reconnaissance is seldom wasted.”

British Army Field Service Regulation, 1912

1. Introduction customers. For the military, these efforts

implement Congressional direction to increase
This chapter describes the responsibilities of warfighters’ knowledge of NRO systems
the two offices that provide airborne and space- capabilities and limitations in order to maximize
based reconnaissance assets in support of joint warfighting capabilities. The NRO’s support
operations. The NRO provides the nation’s to military programs includes tailored training,
space-based reconnaissance capabilities, professional military education, and exercise
while the Defense Airborne Reconnaissance support conducted by the Operational Support
Office (DARO) oversees the management of Office and the IMINT and SIGINT
DOD airborne reconnaissance assets. Used Directorates. The Plans and Analysis Office
together, airborne and space-based develops engineering assessments of future
reconnaissance assets can be synergistically military requirements to ensure that they can be
employed to assist in providing the JFC an met by systems being launched today.
optimized intelligence picture.
3. NRO Support to Military
2. National Reconnaissance Operations
Office
a. Responsibilities. NRO responsibilities
a. The mission of the NRO is to enhance include support to I&W; monitoring arms
USG and military information superiority, control agreements; and crisis support to the
across the range of military operations. The planning and conduct of military operations. The
NRO is responsible for the unique and NRO accomplishes its mission by building and
innovative technology, large scale systems operating IMINT and SIGINT reconnaissance
engineering, development and acquisition, satellites and associated communications
and operations of space reconnaissance systems. The NRO Liaison Officers and Theater
systems and related intelligence activities Support representatives located with each of the
needed to support global information combatant commands serve as direct links to
superiority. NRO for the combatant commanders and their
staffs. Together, these personnel support each
b. The NRO’s organizational structure is command’s unique operating environment and
shown in Figure IX-1. The position of Deputy requirements.
Director for Military Support (DDMS) was
created in 1990 when the role and value of NRO b. Application of Data. NRO support must
systems to support military operations was be continuously incorporated into the planning
recognized. The DDMS is responsible for process. As a key element in achieving
consolidating NRO military support and information superiority, it should be viewed as
oversees all actions impacting the Department part of all aspects of full spectrum dominance,
of Defense. NRO Directorates and Offices not simply those areas that fall within the
provide NRO training, education, and exercise purview of the joint force J-2. Many of the
support to national, military, and civil greatest gains can be realized in nontraditional

IX-1
Chapter IX

NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE

Director
Deputy Director
Associate Director, Resource Technical Deputy Director for Deputy Director for
Oversight & Management Director National Support Military Support

Chief of
Staff

Management Office of Office of Office of Operational

Services Plans & System Space Support
& Operations Office Analysis Applications Launch Office

Signals Intelligence Systems Communications Systems Imagery Intelligence Systems

Acquisition & Operations Acquisition & Operations Acquisition & Operations
Directorate Directorate Directorate

Figure IX-1. National Reconnaissance Office

areas such as supporting logistics with terrain obtaining support is the Joint-Service Tactical
data from NRO systems or providing warning Exploitation of National Systems Manual.
for force protection. The NRO accommodates
the functional needs of battlespace information 4. Defense Airborne
dominance with near-continuous coverage Reconnaissance Office
architectures in partnerships with the OSD,
JCS, IC, and US Space Command. Advances a. DARO, an activity of the OSD, oversees
in technology enable the NRO to provide greater
the programs of the Defense Airborne
amounts of useful information to ever lower Reconnaissance Program. The DARO
tactical echelons, with the primary impact of organizational structure is shown in Figure
NRO data being realized at the operational level.
IX-2. The DARO was formed and is manned
With regard to security, the goal is to downgrade
by the Under Secretary of Defense for
classification and disseminate products essential
Acquisition and Technology and the ASD
to operations. (C3I) to provide effective and coordinated
oversight of joint-, Service-, and Defense-
c. Obtaining Support. The DIA is the wide airborne reconnaissance programs in
overall coordinator of NRO support for the response to warfighting needs.
Department of Defense, which it manages with
on-line systems. IMINT requirements are b. The primary focus of DARO is to
tasked through the NIMA and SIGINT satisfy warfighter operational surveillance
requirements through the NSA. NRO liaison and intelligence requirements by using
officers and the NRO’s Operational Support streamlined, cost-effective, innovative
Office facilitate end-to-end support from development and acquisition techniques
education and tasking to dissemination of the a n d m a i n t a i n i n g t h e M i l i t a r y
product and service. The basic reference for Departments’ integrated airborne

IX-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 National Reconnaissance Office and Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office

DEFENSE AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE

USD(A&T)

DUSD(AT) Key

D/DARO - Director, Defense Airborne

Reconnaissance Office
DUSD(AT) - Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
(Advanced Technology)
USD(A&T) - Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition
and Technology)

D/DARO Advisory
Committees

Figure IX-2. Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office

reconnaissance architecture. A User development and acquisition process. The

Advisory Committee at the working level User Advisory Committee includes members
provides the expertise required to clearly from the Joint Staff, combatant commands,
understand and interpret warfighter needs Services, Defense agencies, and Community
and ensure the needs are addressed in the Management Staff.

IX-3
Chapter IX

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IX-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 CHAPTER X
SERVICE INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS
“The great military victory we achieved in DESERT STORM and the minimal
losses sustained by US and Coalition forces can be directly attributed to the
excellent intelligence picture we had on the Iraqis.”

General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA

Commander in Chief, Central Command, 1991

1. Introduction operations. With subordinate commands

located worldwide, INSCOM is a major
The Chiefs of the Military Services provide participant in national intelligence activities
intelligence support for Departmental and support to theater IEW operations. Its
missions related to military systems, subordinate commands consist of three broad
equipment, training, and national intelligence categories of organizations that provide
activities. The Services act to support DOD cryptologic, general military, and theater
entities, including combatant commands and the intelligence support to strategic and
Service components of those commands. This operational level commanders in the areas
chapter addresses the responsibilities and of tactical intelligence and related activities
structures of the Services organizations and (TIARA) HUMINT (HUMINT resources not
agencies that support the overall DOD transferred to the DHS), IMINT, MASINT,
intelligence effort. SIGINT, CI, IO, and intelligence analysis and/
or production. Through its force projection
2. US Army military intelligence (MI) brigades and other
specialized units, INSCOM:
a. Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence
(DCSINT). The DCSINT is responsible to • Conducts overt TIARA HUMINT
the Chief of Staff, Army for long-range collection worldwide, in response to
planning and policy guidance on all matters Army commanders’ requirements;
relating to Army intelligence, security, and
CI activities. The DCSINT manages the • Performs ground MASINT collection for
Army portion of the NFIP, Army the Defense IC, under the direction of
departmental-level general military the Central MASINT office, in support
intelligence and scientific and technical of theater, Army, and national
intelligence production missions, intelligence requirements;
readiness training, the Army language
program, and the Army Foreign Material • Functions as the Army’s SCE for the US
Program. The DCSINT exercises staff SIGINT System;
supervision over the US Army Intelligence
and Security Command (INSCOM) and has • Conducts, in coordination with CIA and
operational control over its departmental FBI, CONUS and OCONUS CI operations
production resources. and all CI and counterespionage (CE)
investigations of Army military personnel
b. INSCOM. INSCOM, headquartered at worldwide; and
Fort Belvoir, Virginia, is responsible for
Army echelons above corps (EAC) • Performs CI analysis and production for
intelligence and electronic warfare (IEW) the Army.

X-1
Chapter X
c. Theater MI Brigades and/or Groups. operations in Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia,
INSCOM Theater MI brigades and/or groups Europe, and Central America. It
conduct multidiscipline EAC intelligence conducts RED Teams evaluations to
operations in support of the respective provide a realistic picture of a command’s
theater’s Army component commander and, organizational vulnerabilities. The
if one is designated by the JFC, the joint force Group also provides CI support to the
land component commander (JFLCC). The Army technology base and acquisition
four EAC units are: community.

• 66th MI Group, US Army Europe, US • The 902d MI Group is one of three DOD
European Command; CONUS-based units chartered to identify
and report Foreign Intelligence Service
• 500th MI Brigade, US Army Pacific, US (FIS) collection operations (i.e., threat
Pacific Command; information, modus operandi, interests,
habits, trends, activities). Analysts at the
• 501st MI Brigade, 8th US Army, US Group’s Army CI Center (ACIC) support
Forces Korea; and US Army CE investigations, CI
operations, C2P and special access
• 513th MI Brigade. The 513th is tasked programs through analysis of FIS
to provide support, as required, to Army targets, trends, and modus operandi;
forces (ARFOR) commanders in US provide analysis of raw information and
European, US Central Command, and open-source material to meet worldwide
US Southern Command. Army requirements; and produce
multidiscipline CI threat assessments,
d. 902d MI Group counterterrorism, and other threat
products. It is the ACIC that conducts
• The 902d MI Group, located at Fort the Army CI production mission to
Meade, Maryland is subordinate to complement the National Ground
INSCOM and is the largest CI Intelligence Center (NGIC).
organization within the Department of
Defense. The Group has a worldwide • The 902d MI Group is the Army’s sole
mission to detect and neutralize the element responsible for providing SCI
collection against the US Army’s forces, oversight, inspections, advice, and
secrets, and technologies posed by assistance and site-based accreditation for
foreign intelligence services. This the Army component of the DODIIS
encompasses both offensive and computer security programs. Through
defensive CI operations and CE its battalions, the Group identifies and
investigations, to include investigations neutralizes technical penetrations
of Army information network denial and/ directed against US forces, secrets, and
or disruptions, computer systems technology through its technical
penetrations, and attempted penetrations. surveillance countermeasures (TSCM)
In this regard, the Group supports the and TEMPEST teams; conducts
Army’s land information warfare activity polygraph examinations in support of
(LIWA) command and control protection Army technology and operations; and
(C2P) mission through its investigations, provides signals profiling primarily for
analysis, and CI operations. The Group sensitive facilities and US Army special
has supported numerous JTFs with operations forces. The 902d MI Group
tailored CI support packages, to include provides basic TSCM training for all

X-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 Service Intelligence Organizations
DOD personnel and is the only TSCM • IMINT and secondary imagery
certification-granting institution in the dissemination to support training,
Army. exercises, and contingency planning.

• The 902d MI Group conducts CI • Executes the Army’s foreign materiel

operations to determine foreign acquisition requirements and exploitation
collection patterns and areas of interest; program.
predicts foreign technology collection
requirements; and develops cost effective • Current and future oriented ground
countermeasures which will prevent capabilities threat assessments to support
those targeted critical technologies from operational forces, the combat and
being defeated on the battlefield, materiel development community,
countered, or duplicated to the detriment contingency planners, force planners,
of US forces. The 902d MI Group wargame personnel, and doctrine
addresses the foreign collection threat development organizations.
posed by foreign liaison officers, foreign
scientist and engineer exchange • Detailed analysis and production of
programs, foreign visitor programs, and systems capabilities and parametric
the data exchange programs as well as data for all foreign ground and
the emerging CI threat to the Army from ground-related systems (to include
other nontraditional sources. helicopters, air defense guns,
infantry, armor and anti-armor, fire
• The 902d MI Group provides direct CI support engineer mines, electronic
support to the Army Special Operations warfare [EW], reconnaissance, chemical
Command, the Defense Special warfare, directed-energy weapons,
Weapons Agency, the On-Site Inspection and command, control, and
Agency, NIMA, and the combatant communications systems). Produces
commands and subordinate forces. The assessments of ground systems
group conducts national-level liaison for trends.
INSCOM.
• A shared production and data base
e. National Ground Intelligence Center. maintenance responsibility for selected
The NGIC, located in Charlottesville, countries.
Virginia, is assigned to INSCOM and is under
the operational control (OPCON) of the Army • Reinforcing support to other Intelligence
DCSINT. NGIC is the Service National Centers as required.
production center for ground forces
intelligence and has DODIPP primary f. Land Information Warfare Activity. LIWA
production responsibility for most ground is assigned to INSCOM and is under the
force intelligence functional codes under theOPCON of the Office of the Deputy Chief of
worldwide area of responsibility. The NGIC Staff for Operations and Plans, Headquarters
provides the following. (HQ), DA. The LIWA provides operations
support for the planning and execution of the
• All-source scientific, technical, and command and control warfare (C2W) from the
general military intelligence on foreign Military Department level through tactical-
ground forces in support of Army Title levels on operational issues related to IO.
10 requirements. Support across the spectrum of IO is also

X-3
Chapter X
provided to the JFLCC, if one is designated NMIC consists of ONI, a detachment of the
by the JFC. Primary LIWA functions include Marine Corps Intelligence Activity (MCIA),
the following. and the US Coast Guard Intelligence
Coordination Center. The NMIC supports
• Provide IO staff support to ARFOR and Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, joint, and
JFLCC staff as required. national-level requirements through a variety
of intelligence production capabilities,
• Coordinate and synchronize IO including:
intelligence and CI support to operational
and tactical ground commanders, • Naval weapons systems analysis;
including the JFLCC, as required.
• Integrated tactical analysis of foreign
• Coordinate and deploy field support navies and maritime threats;
teams to assist ARFOR commanders and
JFLCCs in the area of C2-protect, C2- • Acoustic collection and analysis;
attack and C2-support planning.
• Naval foreign material acquisition and
• Establish computer emergency response exploitation;
teams to provide information systems
security and automated systems security • Civil maritime analysis such as merchant
incident support across the range of shipping, sanctions violations,
military operations. commercial treaty violations,
counterdrug, and maritime smuggling;
3. US Navy
• Intelligence support to naval information
a. Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI). warfare (IW) and/or C2W;
The DNI is the intelligence executive to the
Chief of Naval Operations, exercising overall • Naval-related collection and information
authority throughout the Department of the systems development; and
Navy on matters pertaining to intelligence,
cryptology, CI, and special security. The DNI • Community management support on
manages the Navy portion of the national naval budget, security, and reserve issues.
foreign intelligence, sets naval intelligence
policy, and directs naval intelligence planning d. Naval Criminal Investigative Service
and programs. (NCIS). NCIS fulfills the criminal
investigative and CI responsibilities of the
b. Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). Navy. The Director, NCIS, is directly
The DNI is also the Commander of the ONI, subordinate to the Secretary of the Navy, and
headquartered in Suitland, Maryland. The also serves as Assistant Director of Naval
ONI supports the requirements of the Intelligence for CI. Intelligence on potential
Department of the Navy by providing the terrorist and unconventional warfare threats
intelligence necessary to plan, build, train, to the Navy and Marine Corps is provided by
equip, and maintain US maritime forces. the Navy Antiterrorist Alert Center
(NAVATAC), a 24-hour terrorism I&W center.
c. National Maritime Intelligence A branch of NCIS, the NAVATAC provides a
Center (NMIC). The NMIC is the national full range of counterterrorism, CI, and
production center for maritime technology transfer analysis for the
intelligence. Located at Suitland, Maryland, Department of the Navy.

X-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 Service Intelligence Organizations
4. US Air Force testing. The AFIWC provides advanced IW
training for the Air Force, develops and
a. Air Force Director of Intelligence, maintains C2W data bases and applications,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (AF/ performs vulnerability analyses of friendly
XOI). AF/XOI is responsible to the Air Force electronic systems, and protects friendly C2
Chief and Deputy Chief of Staff for Air and against adversary attacks. The AFIWC’s data
Space Operations for policy, planning, bases and application are a major
programming, resource allocation, and dissemination mechanism to provide IW
program evaluation activities aimed at related intelligence to the warfighter. Support
ensuring information superiority in peace, is provided both directly from the AFIWC and
crisis, and war. via JC2WC which are collocated in San
Antonio, Texas. (See Appendix A, “Joint
b. Air Intelligence Agency (AIA). AIA, Warfare Analysis Centers”).
headquartered at Kelly Air Force Base (AFB),
Texas, oversees processing and production e. Air Force Office of Special
elements worldwide. It provides customers Investigations (AFOSI). AFOSI provides
at all echelons with multi-source intelligence a full range of CI services encompassing four
products, applications, and services and primary mission areas: collection, analysis
provides intelligence expertise in the areas and production, operations, and
of IW and C2W (to include information investigations. These missions are
protection), acquisition, foreign weapons accomplished through proactive and reactive
systems and technology, and treaty programs in support of Service, combatant
monitoring. Additionally, AIA serves as the command, and national-level agencies.
Air Force Validation Office for Production AFOSI’s primary responsibility during all
and Application Requirements under the levels of conflict is to provide Air Force
DODIPP. When Air Force component commanders CI support to identify and
intelligence requirements exceed the theater’s neutralize the sabotage, clandestine
capabilities, AIA may reinforce the intelligence, subversive, terrorist, and criminal
combatant command with analytical threat to resources. In war or MOOTW, a
expertise and products. realignment of AFOSI forces may be
accomplished to meet the commander’s
c. National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC). requirements.
The NAIC, subordinate to AIA, is the principal
agency for assessing the foreign air and space 5. US Marine Corps
threat. The NAIC can provide deployed forces
with unique capabilities for aerospace intelligence a. The Assistant Chief of Staff (AC/S),
for DOD operational commands, research and C4I. AC/S, C4I, is designated the Director
development centers, weapon acquisition of Intelligence (DIRINT), US Marine Corps.
agencies, and national planners and The DIRINT is the Marine Corps’ Senior
policymakers. HQ NAIC is located at Wright- Intelligence Officer and principal
Patterson AFB, Ohio; subordinate NAIC intelligence advisor to the Commandant of
elements operate in Washington, DC, Langley the Marine Corps. The Intelligence
AFB, Virginia, and Offutt AFB, Nebraska. Division is the staff support element of the
AC/S, C4I.
d. Air Force Information Warfare Center
(AFIWC). AFIWC explores, applies, and b. US Marine Corps Intelligence Activity.
migrates offensive and defensive IW The MCIA is an element of C4I, HQ, Marine
capabilities for operations, acquisition, and Corps. MCIA has two locations: the Support

X-5
Chapter X
Division and Concepts Based Requirements • Serves as the Service geospatial information
Divisions at the Marine Corps Combat and services (GI&S) focal point.
Development Command in Quantico,
Virginia, and the Expeditionary Warfare • Acts as the Service representative to the
Support Division collocated with the NMIC Joint Foreign Material Program and has the
in Suitland, Maryland. The mission of responsibility to satisfy Marine Corps
MCIA is to provide tailored intelligence foreign material acquisition and exploitation
support to: requirements.

• The Commandant of the Marine Corps; • Functions as a DODIPP production center

and responds to DOD-wide requirements
• The development of Service-specific for intelligence support to expeditionary
doctrine, force structure, force warfare operations.
modernization, training and education,
and acquisition policy and • Develops threat assessments and
programming; and documentation based on all-source
scientific and technical (S&T) analysis in
• Fleet Marine Force contingency support of Marine Corps combat
planning and other requirements of development, acquisition, and operational
intelligence products not satisfied by testing.
either theater, other Service, or national
research and analysis capabilities. • Coordinates community requirements for
the DOD Country Handbook Production
c. MCIA Functions Program.

• Acts as production manager and • Provides predeployment and Service-

validation authority for Marine Corps unique crisis support intelligence products.
production requirements.
• Prepares intelligence training and exercise
• Acts as the Service collection support for Marine training and education
requirements manager. activities.

X-6 Joint Pub 2-02

 Service Intelligence Organizations

INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO MILITARY OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR

Since the standup of Joint Task Force Four in 1989, naval cryptologic operations
have played a major role in the detection and monitoring of illicit drug trafficking
in the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean.

During Operation RESTORE HOPE in 1993, Marine Corps tactical HUMINT

operations proved to be indispensable. By “taking the pulse” of the local
populace, HUMINT personnel were able to determine which indigenous forces
were friendly, neutral, or potentially hostile, where weapons caches were
located and where threat situations might develop. Additionally, they provided
the joint task force commander an appreciation of Somali perception of, and
reaction to, United Nations’ support and relief operations.

During the Mississippi River flooding in the summer of 1993, naval tactical
aircraft flew photographic reconnaissance missions over the Mississippi River
Valley, mapping the extent of flood damage and providing that information to
the Federal Emergency Management Agency and other civil authorities charged
with flood relief efforts.

SOURCE: Navy Doctrine Publication 2

X-7
Chapter X

Intentionally Blank

X-8 Joint Pub 2-02

 APPENDIX A
JOINT WARFARE CENTERS

1. Joint Command and Control 2. Joint Warfare Analysis Center

Warfare Center
a. The JWAC is located at the Naval Surface
a. The CJCS Instruction 5118.01, “Charter Warfare Center in Dahlgren, Virginia. Like
for the Joint Command and Control Warfare the JC2WC, JWAC is not strictly an
Center,” is the charter for the JC2WC. Through intelligence organization; however, a
USACOM with Joint Staff oversight and significant portion of its work supports
guidance, the JC2WC serves as the principal field intelligence applications. To request JWAC
agency within the Department of Defense for support, contact them directly at DSN 249-
non-Service specific C2W and IO support. 8781.

b. The mission of the JC2WC (formerly the b. The JWAC assists the Chairman of the
Joint Electronic Warfare Center) is to provide Joint Chiefs of Staff and the combatant
direct C2W and IO support to operational commanders in preparation and analysis of
commanders. The JC2WC will support the joint operational plans and assists the Service
integration of the constituent elements of Chiefs in the analysis of weapon effectiveness.
C2W — OPSEC, psychological operations, JWAC serves as the Joint Staff agent for the
military deception, EW, and physicaldestruction integration and analysis of data concerning
as well as the noncombat military application infrastructure networks. JWAC supports the
of IO — throughout the planning and execution combatant commands and the Joint Staff as
phases of operations. This direct support will be prioritized by United States Atlantic
provided in the following priority order: JFCs Command (USACOM) J-3. Secondarily, they
(combatant commanders, subordinate unified provide support to the Military Services, OSD,
commanders, and JTF commanders); Service and other government agencies as tasked by
component commanders; and functional USACOM J-3.
component commanders. Support will also be
c. The JWAC executes its mission through the
provided to the OSD, the Joint Staff, the Services,
USG agencies, NATO, and allied nations. following directorates: Intelligence; Operations;
Information Systems; and Strategic and
c. The JC2WC executes its mission through Technical Initiatives. Within these directorates,
its directorates of Operations, Protect and JWAC maintains a regional focus aligned with
Defense, and Technology Integration. the geographic combatant commands.

A-1
Appendix A

Intentionally Blank

A-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 APPENDIX B
OTHER GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

1. US Coast Guard, Department 2. Office of National Drug

of Transportation Control Policy
The US Coast Guard (USCG) is not a The Director of the ONDCP is responsible
formal member of the IC. However, its for establishing policies, objectives, and
unique missions and responsibilities as both priorities for the National Drug Control
an armed force and a law enforcement agency Program and for annually promulgating a
make it a significant player in several national National Drug Control Strategy to be submitted
security issues. The USCG intelligence by the President to the Congress. The Director
program supports counterdrug operations, advises the President regarding necessary
mass seaborne migration operations, alien changes in the organization, management,
migration interdiction operations, living budgeting, and personnel allocation of Federal
marine resource enforcement, maritime agencies involved in drug enforcement
intercept operations, port status and/or safety, activities.
counterterrorism, coastal and harbor defense
operations, and marine safety and/or 3. Law Enforcement Agencies
environmental protection. The USCG
Intelligence Coordination Center (ICC) is the a. The Drug Enforcement
Coast Guard’s primary interface with the IC. Administration (DEA), Department of
The ICC is a tenant command within the US Justice. The DEA enforces laws and
Navy’s NMIC in Suitland, Maryland, and regulations governing narcotics and controlled
maintains a 24-hour intelligence watch, substances, chemical diversion, and
providing I&W input to the NMIC. The ICC trafficking. It is also the lead agency overseas
acts as the strategic center with ties to both for counterdrug law enforcement activities
national intelligence agencies and the and investigations.
headquarters-level intelligence activities of
law enforcement organizations. The ICC b. Customs Service, Department of
supports strategic analysis, manages Coast Treasury. The US Customs Service is the
Guard collection, and provides national principal border enforcement agency. Its
imagery exploitation support, including missions include interdicting and seizing
tactical support to operational commanders. contraband, including narcotics and illegal
Intelligence components of the area drugs.
commanders’ staff provide regional and
operational intelligence for USCG 4. Other Government Agencies
operations. Coast Guard intelligence entities
access Navy and IC data bases and C4I a. USG Agencies (Information Support).
systems, including JWICS, the Anti-Drug There are a number of “non-intelligence”
Network, US Atlantic Command intelligence USG agencies and organizations responsible
data handling system, and the Joint Maritime for gathering and maintaining information and
Information Element. statistics related to foreign governments and

B-1
Appendix B
international affairs. Such organizations as the b. USG Agencies (Operational
Library of Congress, the Departments of Support). Many other USG agencies may
Agriculture and Commerce, the National become directly involved in supporting the
Technical Information Center, US Information Department of Defense, especially during
Agency, US Information Service, and the US MOOTW. These organizations include: the
Patent Office are potential sources of detailed, Department of Transportation; the Disaster
specialized information on political, economic, Assistance Response Team, within the Office
and military-related topics. The national-level of Foreign Disaster and the US Agency for
IC may draw on these organizations to support International Development; the Immigration
and enhance research and analysis and for and Naturalization Service; the US Border
relevant, peripheral data and background Patrol; and the Federal Emergency
information for planners and decision makers. Management Agency.

B-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 APPENDIX C
NIST SYSTEMS

1. DIA
a. The Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System. The JWICS provides the NIST
with an interactive computer link back to the National Intelligence Community. JDISS enables
the NIST to access national-level data bases, as well as to communicate directly with analysts
throughout the various intelligence working groups in Washington, DC. The NIST normally
will deploy with two JDISS computer terminals: the SunSPARC desktop suite and/or the
RDI Powerlite Notebook.

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
SunSPARC 20 195 15.4 3
RDI Powerlite 23 3 N/A
Peripherals and/or Support Equipment 860 62.7 9
(CD-Rom, Laser Printer, Kodak
Printer, CJ10 Printer, Tape Drive,
Scanner, UPS Power Supply)

b. International Maritime Satellite (INMARSAT). The NIST uses INMARSAT

terminals to transmit and receive either voice or data communications. The INMARSAT
provides the NIST expedient temporary access to JWICS (the main communications network
for transmitting top secret (TS) and/or SCI material) during the initial stages of a deployment,
when no other communications pipeline is available. The INMARSAT transmits and receives
information at a maximum of 64 kbps, and can be set up and operational in less than 45
minutes.

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
INMARSAT-A 80 6.3 3
INMARSAT-B 60 3 1

c. Containerized Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications. Containerized JWICS

provides a portable JWICS communications suite to a deployed NIST and JTF. The
Containerized JWICS is a deployable system that provides secure multimedia communications
between the JTF and the IC. The Containerized JWICS gives the user access to the JWICS
Data Network, JWICS VTC System, and the NSTS. The system consists of the standard
VTC studio capability and a gateway for data communications, both of which are deployed
in hard transit cases. The Containerized JWICS requires commercial power and a
communications circuit.

C-1
Appendix C

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
(2) Television Monitors, VCE, IDNX 600 22 4
Multiplexer, Router, Crypto, Cables

d. JWICS Mobile Integrated Communications System (JMICS). The JMICS provides

a JTF with a mobile JWICS communications system. The JMICS is a deployable system that
provides secure TS and/or SCI high speed multimedia communications connectivity between
the JTF and the IC. JMICS gives the user access to the JWICS Data Network, JWICS VTC
System, the NSTS, secure telephone unit-III (STU-III), and selected other communications
feeds. JMICS consists of a heavy high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV),
communications shelter, and a generator trailer. The system is transportable on C-130,
C-141, and C-5 aircraft. It is typically deployed with the Trojan SPIRIT II communications
transmission system, although it can operate with commercial transmission systems (such
as CSAT). The JMICS will be deployed at the direction of the Joint Staff in support of
combatant commander and/or JTF requirements.

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
JMICS HMMWV and Shelter 10,000 435.4 N/A
Generator Trailer 4,200 779 N/A

(DIA does not maintain ownership of JMICS; maintenance and support is provided by the
US Army’s “power projection brigades.”)

2. NSA
a. INMARSAT-B. See information above.

b. Scaleable Transportable Intelligence Communications System and Tributary

System. The STICS IIC provides portable, secure voice and/or data terminals using either
military UHF, SATCOM media, or other line of sight (LOS) transmissions. It is designed
for worldwide SATCOM or LOS communications versatility. Each unit is deployed as a
self-contained case that provides all interconnect wiring, data device (usually a computer)
port, and a voice and/or data interface module on a hinged equipment shelf for easy equipment
installation and repair. The NSA SSA uses STICS IIC terminals for worldwide threat
warning broadcasts over the Tributary Network. The equipment configured for a Tributary
System is virtually identical to that of a STICS. STICS IIC is also deployed with the CS as
a backup emergency communications system.

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
STICS IIC 75 5 2

C-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 NIST Systems
c. Fly Away Terminal Satellite / NIST LITE (FTSAT/NISTLITE). FTSAT/NISTLITE
is a military satellite communications (MILSATCOM) interoperable lightweight tactical
SATCOM terminal designed to support low data rate communications requirements. The
terminal is fully operable over X, C, and Ku-band satellites (International Telecommunications
Satellite Organization, domestic satellites, and military Defense Satellite Communications
System, NATO, and UK SKYNET) and will support an aggregate data rate of 128 kbps to
256 kbps (depending on gateway termination and operating band). The FTSAT/NISTLITE
terminal is used to provide SATCOM communications connectivity during the initial stages
of a NIST deployment. The aggregate communications link will support a low-density JDISS
local area network, two-channel secure voice link, plus unique agency communications
between the deployed NIST location and national intelligence until relieved by more capable
NIST communications systems (CSAT or Trojan SPIRIT II).

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
FTSAT/NIST LITE 800 57 8

d. CSAT. The CSAT is a MILSATCOM interoperable HMMWV-mounted tactical Tri-

band SATCOM terminal designed to support medium data rate communications. The terminal
is fully operable over C, X, and Ku-band satellites at a data rate between 512 kbps to 2.048
mbs. The CSAT system has full redundancy for automatic switching should active
components fail, keeping an operational ability of 99.9 percent. The system is interoperable
with a variety of user interface subsystems, but is primarily used with the CS. The CSAT
will be the key JWICS path provider for unique JTF NIST echelons below JTF, small
deployments requiring support greater than the FTSAT/Tri-band, or other unique
requirements. The CSAT is deployable via C-130, C-141, C-5, rotary-wing sling, ship, or rail.

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
CSAT 10,000 1,082.2 N/A

e. Critical Source. The CS provides tailorable, secure voice and/or data switching and
processing to extend the JWICS and NSA communications infrastructure and services to
CSG, the combatant commands, and Services to the deployed NIST. The CS is equipped with
an electronic equipment shelter, and is mounted on a heavy HMMWV. The CS can interface
with FTSAT/Tri-band, CSAT, Trojan SPIRIT II, INMARSAT, and fiber optic or copper wire
transmission systems. It transmits and receives data or voice communications at a rate of up
to 1.544 mbs. The CS communications system equipment includes all equipment necessary
for the user to access the JWICS Data Network, the NTSS, the NSTS, and selected NSA data
bases via an ethernet-based connection. CS provides secure facsimile and telephone service
via STU-III and commercial or military Defense Switched Network service. With planned
upgrades, the CS will provide full NIST JWICS and/or JDISS support, to include VTC capability
with add-on VTC systems.

C-3
Appendix C

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
Critical Source 10,000 1,082.2 N/A
Support Van 10,000 1,082.2 N/A
Generator Trailer 1,650 518.5 N/A
Crew Vehicle 8,600 681.2 N/A

3. CIA
The CIA element of the NIST deploys with its own secure satellite communications package.
These communications provide direct connectivity between the JTF and CIA Headquarters
and worldwide stations and bases. The fully redundant communications package is capable
of secure voice and data transmissions as a stand-alone communications system, and can also
interface with the JWICS and JMICS.

Equipment Weight Size, Cubic Transit

Pounds Feet Cases
(2) DI Data Base Systems, 2,000 100 26
(4) Tempest computers,
(4) Printers, (2) LST 5-C UHF
Transceivers, Crypto, Cables

N/A = Not Applicable

C-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 APPENDIX D
INTELLIGENCE RESOURCE PROGRAMS

1. Introduction the funding for intelligence activities and

assets necessary for intelligence operations
A large number of organizational elements to support the US military for EAC. It is
have evolved in the intelligence arena to conducted by a wide range of intelligence
manage intelligence and intelligence-related organizations (See top arrow Figure D-1).
activities. The numerous activities and assets
that comprise the total US national intelligence b. The JMIP was established to improve
effort fall within a broad spectrum ranging the effectiveness of DOD intelligence
from strategic to tactical. There are three activities when those activities involve
major intelligence groups that manage all resources from more than one DOD
intelligence activities and directly contribute component; when the users of the intelligence
to effective and coherent support to military data are from more than one DOD component;
intelligence consumers: National Foreign and/or when centralized planning,
Intelligence Program (NFIP), Joint Military management, coordination, or oversight will
Intelligence Program (JMIP), and Tactical contribute to the effectiveness of the effort.
Intelligence and Related Activities (TIARA). The JMIP focuses on joint, defense-wide
The NFIP serves national-level decision initiatives, activities, and programs that
makers across multiple government agencies provide more effective and coherent
and departments with primarily strategic intelligence programmatic decision making
intelligence. The JMIP provides intelligence (See middle arrow Figure D-1). Military
to joint mission-oriented customers defense- intelligence consumers supported include the
wide. TIARA is focused on individual Military warfighter, policymaker, and force
Services or agencies whose principal modernization planners. JMIP-funded
consumers are operational and tactical military activities are managed by the Deputy
commanders. Each of the three intelligence Secretary of Defense. JMIP and TIARA
categories are addressed in this appendix. constitute the basis for Defense intelligence
outside the NFIP.
2. Resource Programs
c. TIARA resources provide the funding
a. Intelligence activities and assets are of tactical intelligence, related activities, and
grouped and funded according to their assets necessary for military operations at the
function and/or purpose. Strategic corps, wing, naval battle group, and Marine
intelligence typically is considered to be expeditionary force level and below (See
national-level activities and assets funded bottom arrow Figure D-1). TIARA-funded
under a number of resource programs referred activities are managed under the direction of
to collectively as the NFIP. Strategic or the Secretary of Defense. The programs are
national intelligence primarily supports the designed, built, and operated by the Military
NCA and national-level political and military Services and Defense agencies and compete
leadership. It is primarily strategic in nature, for funding with combat and combat-support
concerns plans and intentions of foreign programs. TIARA funds represent those
entities and serves as the basis for the national portions of the DOD budget devoted to non-
military strategy. The NFIP is jointly NFIP intelligence and other related activities
managed by the Deputy Secretary of Defense that respond to combatant commander’s
and the DCI. The NFIP resources provide requirements to gather and interpret time-

D-1
Appendix D

THE INTELLIGENCE ARENA

"National"
-CIA, DIA, NSA
-Community Management
-Strategic Intelligence -MASINT
-National Cryptology -S&T Intelligence Staff
-Intel Management -Foreign Counter Intel -National level activities
-Intel Infrastructure -Security Policy/Mgmt/
-Reconnaissance Ops
of the Military Services
-HUMINT -SCI Mgmt/SSO/Ops -Elements of DOD, NIMA,
-Counter Narcotics FBI, DEA, and Departments
of State, Treasury, and Energy

"Joint"
-Defense Cryptology -Defense Airborne
-Defense Imagery Reconnaissance Program
(outside NFIP) -Support to Tactical
-Defense GI&S Intelligence -Defense Space
Programs (JDISS, TENCAP, Reconnaissance Program
-Defense MASINT, Reserve
Reconnaissance support)
-Misc. Activities in DIA,
-Counterdrug Activities OSD/C3I, NSA, NIMA, DLEA
-C3I Functions/
Activities
-Navy

"Tactical"
-Tactical Intel/Crypto/Recon
elements of:
-Intel Support (e.g., GIS)
-Training: Intel/Crypto/Foreign language --Army, Navy, Air Force,
-Tactical Support: Battlefield/Ocean/Crypto/I&W Marine Corps
-Reconnaissance/Ocean Surveillance
-Tactical Training of Reserve Intel Forces --Reserves, National Guard
-Miscellaneous activities in:
--NIMA, CIA, DARPA

Figure D-1. The Intelligence Arena

sensitive intelligence on foreign entities. 3. National Foreign Intelligence

TIARA includes programs that fund Program
intelligence training, reserve forces, and
research and development. A universal “rule a. The NFIP encompasses the bulk of the
of thumb” is anything that is not NFIP-funded activities of the four major national civilian
must be considered either a tactical-level and military intelligence agencies; CIA, DIA,
intelligence asset (i.e., TIARA) or something NIMA, and NSA, the staff of the DCI,
other than an intelligence asset (i.e., national-level DOD intelligence, foreign
operational). The definitional model in Figure counterintelligence, reconnaissance activities,
D-2 reflects the difference and overlap of the and other intelligence programs within the USG
NFIP, JMIP, and TIARA funding arenas. designated for inclusion in the NFIP by the heads

D-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 Intelligence Resource Programs

DEFINITIONAL MODEL

National Policy National Foreign

Makers Intelligence Program

National
Military Leaders Joint Military
Intelligence Program

Unified
Commanders
Tactical Intelligence
and Related Activities
Operational Military
Commanders

Figure D-2. Definitional Model

of the executive department involved and the DCI c. The NFIP budget is not openly
or the President. published for national security reasons. NFIP
funding is actually embedded within elements
b. Each NFIP program is headed by a of the Defense budget. These funds are
program manager who prepares the administered by the Military Services, but
program’s annual budget and oversees the under the close scrutiny of NFIP program
expenditure of the funds allocated to the managers.
program. While some NFIP programs are
managed by the heads of organizations most 4. General Defense Intelligence
closely associated with them (e.g., the Program
Consolidated Cryptologic Program [CCP] by
the Director of NSA), others are not (e.g., a. The broadest-based NFIP program
the Central Intelligence Agency Program within the Department of Defense and
[CIAP] is not managed by the DCI, but by Military Services is the GDIP. This program
the Deputy Director of CIA). The program funds military intelligence units and activities
managers receive policy and fiscal guidance that involve something other than cryptology,
from the DCI and prepare and submit their CI, and certain types of specialized
programs’ budget for DCI approval and reconnaissance. It includes DIA, intelligence
consolidation into the single NFIP budget units from each of the Military Departments,
which is submitted to the President. and unified command units that have theater-

D-3
Appendix D
wide responsibilities and significant national •• Doctrine and tactics training.
or departmental intelligence missions.
•• Military education and training.
b. The GDIP encompasses the following
activities. • Direct support for national-level priorities

• All defense intelligence production not •• Foreign policy development.

funded elsewhere in the NFIP.
•• Arms control negotiations and treaty
• All national-level DOD human source monitoring.
intelligence.
d. Units and activities funded by the GDIP
• A wide range of activities that provide must be tasked in peacetime to perform their
defense intelligence infrastructure. principal intelligence mission and must
support missions of the Department of
• Significant collection (other than Defense, a Military Department, a unified
cryptologic and CI) against geographic command, or more than one component
targets, foreign forces, and foreign command.
weapon systems.
• The GDIP supports OSD and JCS
c. GDIP-funded units and activities collect decision making; Military Service training
information, process and analyze data, and and equipping; and production,
produce MI for the following spectrum of collection, ADP, or intelligence
missions. communications capabilities within
combatant commands, JICs, and
• Support to warfighting essential EACs intelligence capabilities
at component headquarters.
•• Input to national military strategy.
• GDIP is affected by resource decisions
•• Indications and warning. and actions of other programs within the
NFIP and TIARA. For example, GDIP
•• Countermeasures and military often funds the training of operators of
contingency operations. new systems acquired through other
programs. It also provides equipment and
•• Theater-level battle planning and communications for other systems to
direction of combat operations. ensure interoperability and compatibility
with other systems funded outside the
•• Planning and conducting small scale GDIP.
contingency operations (e.g.,
Noncombatant Evacuation Operations). e. GDIP funds are expended mainly in the
four following areas of intelligence
• Equipping and training of forces
• Production
•• Weapons and countermeasures
acquisition. •• GDIP-funded production includes all
Defense intelligence production in the
•• Force structure development. NFIP (except SIGINT, MASINT, and CI)

D-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 Intelligence Resource Programs
and supports the timely production of reconnaissance platforms and aboard a
fused all-source finished intelligence for variety of other collection systems.
warfighters and the national, Service, and
departmental leadership. Its products • Infrastructure. This third aspect of the
include data bases of foreign military GDIP includes the following.
forces and programs, targeting materials,
S&T analyses, and threat assessment. •• Automation. All intelligence ADP
support and networking of automated
•• The Director, DIA is the Program intelligence systems under the
Manager of the GDIP and the agency is Department of Defense Intelligence
one of the major producers. DIA Information System and non-
produces a full range of basic, current, cryptologic communications for
warning, and estimative intelligence that sensitive compartmented information
supports geographic combatant dissemination.
commanders and operational forces, the
Military Departments, and national •• Reproduction, presentation, and
policymakers. dissemination of a wide range of
intelligence materials and data.
•• Military Service producers focus
mainly on national-level intelligence •• Physical, personnel, industrial,
needed to equip and train forces to computer, telecommunications, and
support the combatant commanders and operations security. This includes non-
maintain S&T centers and operational cryptologic sensitive compartmented
intelligence centers funded through the information policy and operations as
GDIP. well as adjudication of special
background investigations.
•• A significant portion of GDIP
intelligence production is accomplished •• Intelligence training and education,
in theater intelligence production centers, such as the courses conducted at the
imagery centers, and component MC.
analytical centers.
• Management. GDIP funds three types
• Collection. The GDIP funds intelligence of intelligence management: program
collection primarily in three areas. intelligence management, functional
management, and fiscal management.
•• HUMINT conducted through Defense Program management was discussed
attachés and other overt collection, and earlier in this appendix. Functional
through controlled activities. managers and their staffs are oriented
along the three broad functional areas of
•• MASINT. production, collection, and infrastructure
which encompass the full range of
•• Collection (other than SIGINT and activities funded under the GDIP. Fiscal
certain other types of collection management involves the GDIP
conducted through other NFIP programs) programming and budget process, a
against geographic targets and foreign structured sequence within the NFIP that
forces and weapon systems. The runs parallel to that of all other NFIP
collection is achieved mainly through programs against which GDIP requests
technical sensors on airborne eventually compete for a share of the

D-5
Appendix D
NFIP budget. The process begins when d. Special Reconnaissance Intelligence
the GDIP Program Manager receives Programs in DOD. Two sensitive programs
guidance from the DCI and uses it to collect specialized intelligence through
develop his own “top-down” policy and reconnaissance. These programs are
fiscal guidance to the Service responsible for:
intelligence elements, DIA, and the
unified commands or the Program • Carrying out consolidated
Manager’s Guidance Memorandum reconnaissance programs for specialized
(PMGM). Based on the Program intelligence:
Manager’s guidance, the functional
managers provide funding priorities and • Responding to taskings in accordance with
specific guidance relative to their procedures established by the DCI; and
respective area of responsibility which
is included in the PMGM. • Delegating authority to the various agencies
and departments for research, development,
5. Other NFIP Programs procurement, and operation of designated
means of collection.
a. Central Intelligence Agency Program.
The activities of CIA are funded under the e. Treasury Department Intelligence
CIAP. This NFIP program provides funds Program. This NFIP program is that element
for analytical and controlled activities, of the Treasury responsible for:
administration, field operations, and research
and development. The Deputy Director of • Overt collection of foreign financial and
the CIA is designated as the Program Manager monetary information;
of the CIAP.
• Participation with the DOS in the overt
b. Consolidated Cryptologic Program. collection of general foreign economic
CCP is operated and managed by NSA, with information;
the DIRNSA serving as the Program Manager.
In addition to its own worldwide SIGINT and • Production and dissemination of foreign
OPSEC operations, NSA also oversees intelligence relating to US economic policy
national-level operations of the three Service as required for the execution of the
cryptologic elements. These elements include responsibilities of the Secretary of the
Navy’s Security Group, the cryptologic Treasury; and
components of the Army’s Intelligence and
Security Command, and the Air Force’s • Conduction, through the Secret Service, of
Intelligence Agency. activities to determine the existence and
capability of surveillance equipment being
c. DOD Foreign Counterintelligence used against the President, the Executive
Program. This component of the NFIP Office of the President, and other US
conducts counterintelligence activities in officials, as authorized by the Secretary of
support of DOD components outside the US the Treasury or the President.
in coordination with the CIA, and within the
US in coordination with the FBI, pursuant to f. State Department Bureau of Intelligence
procedures agreed upon by the Attorney and Research. This NFIP organization is that
General and the Secretary of Defense. element of the State Department that:

D-6 Joint Pub 2-02

 Intelligence Resource Programs
• Overtly collects information relevant to US • Participating in formulating intelligence
foreign policy concerns; collection and analysis requirements
where the special expert capability of the
• Produces and disseminates foreign DOS can contribute; and
intelligence relating to US foreign policy
as required for the execution of the • Providing expert technical, analytical,
SECSTATE’s responsibilities; and research capability to other agencies
within the IC.
• Disseminates, as appropriate, reports
received from US diplomatic and consular i. Special NFIP Accounts. In addition
posts; to the programs described above, there are
two additional accounts managed as part of
• Transmits reporting requirements of the the NFIP. These two accounts are the CIA
IC to the Chiefs of US Missions abroad; Retirement and Disability System and the
and Security Evaluation Program.

• Supports Chiefs of Missions in 6. Joint Military Intelligence

d i s c h a rg i n g t h e i r s t a t u t o r y Program
responsibilities for direction and
coordination of mission activities. a. The JMIP is designed specifically to
improve the oversight of selected Defense-
g. FBI Foreign Counterintelligence and wide intelligence programs and resources.
International Terrorism Program. This Defense-wide resources are those initiatives,
NFIP element is responsible for: activities, and programs that predominantly
provide intelligence information and support
• Conducting CI activities within the to multiple Defense consumers. The JMIP
United States; institutes a management system to oversee
programs intended for multiple users, and/or
• Conducting CI activities outside the cross-Service support, to ensure genuine
United States in coordination with the responsiveness to the requirements of those
CIA, as required by agreement of the who are to be supported and to revitalize the
DCI and the Attorney General; concepts of commonality and interoperability.

• Collecting, producing, and disseminating b. As the Program Executive, the Deputy

foreign intelligence and CI; and Secretary of Defense provides policy and
substantive programmatic and fiscal guidance
• Carrying out research, development, and for the JMIP and exercises review and
procurement of technical systems and approval authority over JMIP and any
devices related to their authorized subsequent program modifications that
functions. significantly alter cost, schedule, or capability.
Reprogramming of JMIP funds requires the
h. Department of Energy Intelligence approval of the Program Executive.
and Satellite Instrumentation Program.
This program is responsible for: c. The JMIP is composed of four major
programs.
• Participating with the DOS in overtly
collecting information with respect to • Defense Cryptologic Program. The
foreign energy matters; Program Manager is the DIRNSA.

D-7
Appendix D
• Defense Imagery and Mapping Program. •• Defense Airborne Reconnaissance
The Program Manager is the Director, Program.
NIMA.
•• Defense Intelligence Tactical Program.
• GI&S Program. The Program Director
is the Director, NIMA. •• Defense Intelligence Counterdrug
Program.
• Defense General Intelligence and
Applications Program. The Program •• Defense Intelligence Special
Coordinator is the Director, DIA. Technologies Program.

d. The DGIAP is comprised of five •• Defense Space Reconnaissance

component programs. Each program focuses Program.
on a certain key area of joint support. The
Program Coordinator works with each • Each of the above programs consists of
component to best integrate and utilize former TIARA or selected NFIP programs
available resources and assists the five whose primary customer base was judged
DGIAP component managers in developing to be multiple Service and defense-wide.
their program submissions, resolving
programmatic issues across the DGIAP and, e. The JMIP uses the DOD Planning,
in conjunction with those Program Managers, Programming, and Budgeting System. The
resolves issues across the JMIP. As such, the JMIP management process avoids the
DGIAP Program Coordinator is the principal establishment of dedicated panels or working
interface with the other JMIP programs, NFIP, groups to raise and resolve issues by employing
and TIARA. existing force such as the Intelligence Systems
Board, the MIB, and the Military
• The component programs include: Communications and Electronic Board.

D-8 Joint Pub 2-02

 APPENDIX E
REFERENCES

The development of Joint Pub 2-02 is based upon the following primary references:

1. National Security Act of 1947, as amended.

2. Title 10, United States Code Armed Forces, as amended.

3. Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986.

4. Executive Order 12333, “United States Intelligence Activities.”

5. Executive Order 12958, “Classified National Security Information.”

6. Joint Pub 1, “Joint Warfare of the Armed Forces of the United States.”

7. Joint Pub 0-2, “Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF).”

8. Joint Pub 1-0, “Doctrine for Personnel Support to Joint Operations.”

9. Joint Pub 1-01, Change 2, “Joint Publication System, Joint Doctrine and Joint Tactics,
Techniques, and Procedures Development Program.”

10. Joint Pub 1-02, “DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.”

11. Joint Pub 2-0, “Doctrine for Intelligence Support to Joint Operations.”

12. Joint Pub 2-01, “Joint Intelligence Support to Military Operations.”

13. Joint Pub 2-01.1, “Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Intelligence Support to
Targeting.”

14. Joint Pub 2-01.2, “Joint Doctrine and Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Counterintelligence Support to Operations.”

15. Joint Pub 2-03, “JTTP for Geospatial Information and Services Support to Joint
Operations.”

16. Joint Pub 3-0, “Doctrine for Joint Operations.”

17. Joint Pub 3-07, “Joint Doctrine for Military Operations Other Than War.”

18. Joint Pub 5-0, “Doctrine for Planning Joint Operations.”

19. Joint Pub 5-00.2, “Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and Procedures.”

E-1
Appendix E
20. Joint Pub 6-0, “Doctrine for Command, Control, Communications, and Computer (C4)
Systems Support to Joint Operations.”

21. Joint Pub 6-02, “Joint Doctrine for Employment of Operational/Tactical Command,
Control, Communications, and Computer Systems.”

22. NDP-1, “National Policy and Procedures for the Disclosure of Classified Military
Information to Foreign Governments and International Organizations,” (Short Title: “National
Disclosure Policy.”)

23. DOD 5200.2-R, “DOD Personnel Security Program.”

24. DOD Directive S-5210.36, “Provision of DOD Sensitive Support to DOD Components
and Other Departments and Agencies of the US Government.”

25. DOD Directive 5230-11, “Disclosure of Classified Military Information to Foreign

Governments and International Organizations.”

26. DOD Directive 5240.1, “DOD Intelligence Activities.”

27. DOD-0000-151-YR, “DOD Intelligence Production Program.”

28. DCS-2600-5345-92, “DIA Guide to Foreign Disclosure.”

29. MJCS-51-88, “Doctrine for Intelligence Support to Joint Operations.”

30. MCM-15-94, “Memorandum of Agreement Concerning CIA Support to US Military

Forces.”

31. CJCSI 5118.01, “Charter for the Joint Command and Control Warfare Center.”

32. CJCSI 5221.01, “Delegation of Authority to Commanders of Combatant Commands to

Disclose Classified Military Information to Foreign Governments and International
Organizations.”

33. “Joint-Service Tactical Exploitation of National Systems (J-TENS) Manual.”

34. IPSG/INCA-133, “Communications Handbook for Intelligence Planners.”

E-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 APPENDIX F
ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS

1. User Comments

Users in the field are highly encouraged to submit comments on this publication to the
Joint Warfighting Center, Attn: Doctrine Division, Fenwick Road, Bldg 96, Fort Monroe,
VA 23651-5000. These comments should address content (accuracy, usefulness,
consistency, and organization), writing, and appearance.

2. Authorship

The lead agent and the Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this publication is the Director for
Intelligence (J-2).

3. Change Recommendations

a. Recommendations for urgent changes to this publication should be submitted:

TO: JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC//J2-J2P/J7-JDD//

Routine changes should be submitted to the Director for Operational Plans and
Interoperability (J-7), JDD, 7000 Joint Staff Pentagon, Washington, DC 20318-7000.

b. When a Joint Staff directorate submits a proposal to the Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff that would change source document information reflected in this
publication, that directorate will include a proposed change to this publication as an
enclosure to its proposal. The Military Services and other organizations are requested
to notify the Director, J-7, Joint Staff, when changes to source documents reflected in
this publication are initiated.

c. Record of Changes:

CHANGE COPY DATE OF DATE POSTED

NUMBER NUMBER CHANGE ENTERED BY REMARKS
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

F-1
Appendix F
4. Distribution

a. Additional copies of this publication can be obtained through Service publication

centers.

b. Only approved pubs and test pubs are releasable outside the combatant commands,
Services, and Joint Staff. Release of any classified joint publication to foreign
governments or foreign nationals must be requested through the local embassy (Defense
Attaché Office) to DIA Foreign Liaison Office, PSS, Room 1A674, Pentagon,
Washington, DC 20301-7400.

c. Additional copies should be obtained from the Military Service assigned

administrative support responsibility by DOD Directive 5100.3, 1 November 1988,
“Support of the Headquarters of Unified, Specified, and Subordinate Joint Commands.”

By Military Services:

Army: US Army AG Publication Center SL

1655 Woodson Road
Attn: Joint Publications
St. Louis, MO 63114-6181

Air Force: Air Force Publications Distribution Center

2800 Eastern Boulevard
Baltimore, MD 21220-2896

Navy: CO, Naval Inventory Control Point

700 Robbins Avenue
Bldg 1, Customer Service
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5099

Marine Corps: Marine Corps Logistics Base

Albany, GA 31704-5000

Coast Guard: Coast Guard Headquarters, COMDT (G-OPD)

2100 2nd Street, SW
Washington, DC 20593-0001

d. Local reproduction is authorized and access to unclassified publications is

unrestricted. However, access to and reproduction authorization for classified joint
publications must be in accordance with DOD Regulation 5200.1-R.

F-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 GLOSSARY
PART I — ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ACIC Army CI Center

AC/S, C4I Assistant Chief of Staff, Command, Control, Communications,
Computers and Intelligence (USMC)
ADDO(MS) Assistant Deputy Director for Operations/Military Support
ADP automated data processing
AFB Air Force Base
AFIWC Air Force Information Warfare Center
AFMIC Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center
AFOSI Air Force Office of Special Investigations
AF/XOI Air Force Director of Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance
AIA Air Intelligence Agency
ARFOR Army forces
ASD (C3I) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control,
Communications, and Intelligence)

BDA battle damage assessment

C2 command and control

C2P command and control protection
C2W command and control warfare
C3I command, control, communications, and intelligence
C4I command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence
CAT crisis action team
CCP Consolidated Cryptologic Program
CD-ROM compact disc-read only memory
CE counterespionage
CI counterintelligence
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CIAP Central Intelligence Architecture Plan
CJCS Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
CJTF commander, joint task force
CMO collection management officer
CMS Community Management Staff
COMSEC communications security
CONUS continental United States
CS Critical Source
CSAT Critical Source Satellite Terminal
CSG cryptologic support group (NSA)
CSS Central Security Service

DA Directorate for Administration (DIA)

DAC Directorate for Administrative Counterintelligence and
Security Activity

GL-1
Glossary
DARO Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office
DCCC Defense Collection Coordination Center
DCI Director of Central Intelligence
DCID Director of Central Intelligence Directive
DCSINT Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (Army)
DDCI Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
DDMS Deputy Director for Military Support
DEA Drug Enforcement Administration
DGIAP Defense General Intelligence and Applications Program
DHS Defense HUMINT Service
DI Directorate for Intelligence Production (DIA)
DIA Defense Intelligence Agency
DIAC Defense Intelligence Analysis Center
DIEB Defense Intelligence Executive Board
DIRINT Director of Intelligence (USMC)
DIRNSA Director, National Security Agency
DISO Defense Intelligence Support Office
DM Director, Military Intelligence Staff
DMS Director of Military Support
DNI Director of Naval Intelligence
DO Directorate for Intelligence Operations (DIA)
DOD Department of Defense
DODIIS Department of Defense Intelligence Information System
DODIPP Department of Defense Intelligence Production Program
DOJ Department of Justice
DOS Department of State
DP Directorate for Policy Support (DIA)
DS Directorate for Information Systems and Services (DIA)

EAC echelons above corps

EO Executive Order
EW electronic warfare
EXDIR/ICA Executive Director for Intelligence Community Affairs

FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation

FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service
FIS Foreign Intelligence Service
FTSAT/NISTLITE Fly Away Terminal Satellite / NIST LITE

GDIP General Defense Intelligence Program

GI&S geospatial information and services

HMMWV high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle

HQ headquarters
HUMINT human intelligence

I&W indications and warning

IBS Integrated Broadcast System

GL-2 Joint Pub 2-02

 Glossary
IC Intelligence Community
ICC Intelligence Coordination Center (USCG)
IC/EXCOM Intelligence Community Executive Committee
IEW intelligence and electronic warfare
IMINT imagery intelligence
INFOSEC information security
INMARSAT international maritime satellite
INR Bureau of Intelligence and Research (State Department)
INSCOM United States Army Intelligence and Security Command
IO information operations
IP Internet Protocol
ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
ITF intelligence task force
IW information warfare
IWG intelligence working group

J-2 Intelligence Directorate of a joint staff

J-2A Deputy Directorate for Administration, Joint Staff
J-2J Deputy Directorate for Joint Staff Support, Joint Staff
J-2M Deputy Directorate for Crisis Management, Joint Staff
J-2O Deputy Directorate for Crisis Operations, Joint Staff
J-2P Deputy Directorate for Assessment, Doctrine, Requirements,
and Capabilities, Joint Staff
J-2T Deputy Directorate for Targeting Support, Joint Staff
J-2T-1 Target Operations Division, Joint Staff
J-2T-2 Target Plans Division, Joint Staff
J-3 Operations Directorate of a joint staff
JAC Joint Analysis Center
JC2WC Joint Command and Control Warfare Center
JCMA Joint COMSEC Monitor Activity
JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff
JDISS Joint Deployable Intelligence Support System
JFC joint force commander
JFLCC joint force land component commander
JIC joint intelligence center
JMICS JWICS Mobile Integrated Communications System
JMIP Joint Military Intelligence Program
JMITC Joint Military Intelligence Training Center
JROC Joint Requirements Oversight Council
JTF joint task force
JWAC Joint Warfare Analysis Center
JWCA Joint Warfighting Capability Assessment
JWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System

kbps kilobits per second

LIWA land information warfare activity

LOS line of sight

GL-3
Glossary
MASINT measurement and signature intelligence
mbs megabits per second
MC Joint Military Intelligence College
MCIA Marine Corps Intelligence Activity
MI military intelligence
MIB Military Intelligence Board
MILSATCOM military satellite communications
MOOTW military operations other than war
MSIC Missile and Space Intelligence Center

NAIC National Air Intelligence Center

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVATAC Navy Antiterrorist Alert Center
NCA National Command Authorities
NCIS Naval Criminal Investigative Service
NCR National Cryptologic Representative
NCRDEF National Cryptologic Representative Defense
NFIP National Foreign Intelligence Program
NGIC National Ground Intelligence Center
NIC National Intelligence Council
NIMA National Imagery and Mapping Agency
NIST national intelligence support team
NMCC National Military Command Center
NMIC National Maritime Intelligence Center
NMJIC National Military Joint Intelligence Center
NRO National Reconnaissance Office
NRTD Near Real Time Dissemination
NSA National Security Agency
NSC National Security Council
NSOC National Security Operations Center
NSTS National Secure Telephone System
NTSS National Time-Sensitive System

OCONUS outside the continental United States

OICC Operational Intelligence Coordination Center
OMA Office of Military Affairs (CIA)
ONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy
ONI Office of Naval Intelligence
OPCON operational control
OPSEC operations security
OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense

PFIAB President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board

PMGM Program Manager’s Guidance Memorandum

RFI request for information

RSOC Regional SIGINT Operations Center

GL-4 Joint Pub 2-02

 Glossary
S&T scientific and technical
SATCOM satellite communications
SCE Service cryptologic element
SCI sensitive compartmented information
SecDef Secretary of Defense
SECSTATE Secretary of State
SIGINT signals intelligence
SIPRNET SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network
SSA Special Support Activity (NSA)
STICS Scaleable Transportable Intelligence Communications System
STU-III secure telephone unit-III

TIARA tactical intelligence and related activities

TS top secret
TSCM technical surveillance countermeasures

UHF ultra high frequency

UK United Kingdom
USACOM United States Atlantic Command
USCG United States Coast Guard
USCS United States Cryptologic System
USG United States Government

VTC video teleconferencing

GL-5
 PART II — TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

all-source intelligence. 1. Intelligence centers of gravity. Those characteristics,

products and/or organizations and capabilities, or localities from which a
activities that incorporate all sources of military force derives its freedom of action,
information, including, most frequently, physical strength, or will to fight. Also
human intelligence, imagery intelligence, called COGs. (This term and its definition
measurement and signature intelligence, modifies the existing term and its definition
signals intelligence, and open source data, and will be approved for inclusion in the
in the production of finished intelligence. next edition of Joint Pub 1-02)
2. In intelligence collection, a phrase which
indicates that in the satisfaction of coalition force. A force composed of military
intelligence requirements, all collection, elements of nations that have formed a
processing, exploitation and reporting temporary alliance for some specific
systems and resources are identified for purpose. (Joint Pub 1-02)
possible use and those most capable are
tasked. (Joint Pub 1-02) collection management. The process of
converting intelligence requirements into
architecture. A framework or structure that collection requirements, establishing
portrays relationships among all the priorities, tasking or coordinating with
elements of the subject force, system, or appropriate collection sources or agencies,
activity. (Joint Pub 1-02) monitoring results and retasking, as
required. (Joint Pub 1-02)
area of intelligence responsibility. An area
allocated to a commander in which the combat intelligence. That knowledge of the
commander is responsible for the provision enemy, weather, and geographical features
of intelligence within the means at the required by a commander in the planning
commander’s disposal. (Joint Pub 1-02) and conduct of combat operations. (Joint
Pub 1-02)
battle damage assessment. The timely and
accurate estimate of damage resulting from combatant command. A unified or specified
the application of military force, either command with a broad continuing mission
lethal or non-lethal, against a predetermined under a single commander established and
objective. Battle damage assessment can so designated by the President, through the
be applied to the employment of all types Secretary of Defense and with the advice
of weapon systems (air, ground, naval, and and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint
special forces weapon systems) throughout Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands
the range of military operations. Battle typically have geographic or functional
damage assessment is primarily an responsibilities. (Joint Pub 1-02)
intelligence responsibility with required
inputs and coordination from the operators. communications intelligence. Technical and
Battle damage assessment is composed of intelligence information derived from
physical damage assessment, functional foreign communications by other than the
damage assessment, and target system intended recipients. Also called COMINT.
assessment. Also called BDA. (Joint Pub (Joint Pub 1-02)
1-02)

GL-6 Joint Pub 2-02

 Glossary
concept of intelligence operations. A verbal similar activities than to operations. (Joint
or graphic statement, in broad outline, of a Pub 1-02)
J-2’s assumptions or intent in regard to
intelligence support of an operation or counterintelligence. Information gathered
series of operations. The concept of and activities conducted to protect against
intelligence operations, which complements espionage, other intelligence activities,
the commander’s concept of operations, is sabotage or assassinations conducted by or
contained in the intelligence annex of on behalf of foreign governments or
operation plans. The concept of intelligence elements thereof, foreign organizations, or
operations is designed to give an overall foreign persons, or international terrorist
picture of intelligence support for joint activities. Also called CI. (Joint Pub 1-02)
operations. It is included primarily for
additional clarity of purpose. (Joint Pub data. Representation of facts, concepts, or
1-02) instructions in a formalized manner suitable
for communication, interpretation, or
contingency. An emergency involving processing by humans or by automatic
military forces caused by natural disasters, means. Any representations such as
terrorists, subversives, or by required characters or analog quantities to which
military operations. Due to the uncertainty meaning is or might be assigned. (Joint Pub
of the situation, contingencies require plans, 1-02)
rapid response, and special procedures to
ensure the safety and readiness of personnel, data base. Information that is normally
installations, and equipment. (Joint structured and indexed for user access and
Pub 1-02) review. Data bases may exist in the form
of physical files (folders, documents, etc.)
contingency plan. A plan for major or formatted automated data processing
contingencies which can reasonably be system data files. (Joint Pub 1-02)
anticipated in the principal geographic
subareas of the command. (Joint Pub deception. Those measures designed to
1-02) mislead the enemy by manipulation,
distortion, or falsification of evidence to
coordinating authority. A commander or induce him to react in a manner prejudicial
individual assigned responsibility for to his interests. (Joint Pub 1-02)
coordinating specific functions or activities
involving forces of two or more Military defense intelligence production. The
Departments or two or more forces of the integration, evaluation, analysis, and
same Service. The commander or interpretation of information from single or
individual has the authority to require multiple sources into finished intelligence
consultation between the agencies involved, for known or anticipated military and
but does not have the authority to compel related national security consumer
agreement. In the event that essential requirements. (Joint Pub 1-02)
agreement cannot be obtained, the matter
shall be referred to the appointing authority. doctrine. Fundamental principles by which
Coordinating authority is a consultation the military forces or elements thereof guide
relationship, not an authority through which their actions in support of national
command may be exercised. Coordinating objectives. It is authoritative but requires
authority is more applicable to planning and judgment in application. (Joint Pub 1-02)

GL-7
Glossary
essential elements of information. The critical navigation, mission planning, mission
items of information regarding the enemy rehearsal, modeling, simulation, and precise
and the environment needed by the targeting. Geospatial information provides
commander by a particular time to relate with the basic framework for battlespace
other available information and intelligence visualization. It is information produced by
in order to assist in reaching a logical decision. multiple sources to common interoperable
Also called EEI. (Joint Pub 1-02) data standards. It may be presented in the
form of printed maps, charts, and
estimate. 1. An analysis of a foreign publications; in digital simulation and
situation, development, or trend that modeling data bases; in photographic form;
identifies its major elements, interprets the or in the form of digitized maps and charts
significance, and appraises the future or attributed centerline data. Geospatial
possibilities and the prospective results of services include tools that enable users to
the various actions that may be taken. access and manipulate data, and also
2. An appraisal of the capabilities, includes instruction, training, laboratory
vulnerabilities, and potential courses of support, and guidance for the use of
action of a foreign nation or combination geospatial data. Also called GI&S. (This
of nations in consequence of a specific term and its definition are provided for
national plan, policy, decision, or information and are proposed for inclusion
contemplated course of action. 3. An in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02 by
analysis of an actual or contemplated Joint Pub 2-03.) Note: GI&S includes
clandestine operation in relation to the what formerly had been referred to as
situation in which it is or would be “mapping, charting, and geodesy” or
conducted in order to identify and appraise “MC&G.”
such factors as available and needed assets
and potential obstacles, accomplishments, human intelligence. A category of
and consequences. See also intelligence intelligence derived from information
estimate. (Joint Pub 1-02) collected and provided by human sources.
Also called HUMINT. (Joint Pub 1-02)
foreign intelligence. Information relating to
capabilities, intentions, and activities of human resources intelligence. The
foreign powers, organizations or persons, intelligence information derived from the
but not including counterintelligence except intelligence collection discipline that uses
for information on international terrorist human beings as both sources and
activities. (Joint Pub 1-02) collectors, and where the human being is
the primary collection instrument. Also
geospatial information and services. The called HUMINT. (Joint Pub 1-02)
concept for collection, information
extraction, storage, dissemination, and imagery intelligence. Intelligence derived
exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, from the exploitation of collection by visual
imagery (both commercial and national photography, infrared sensors, lasers,
source), gravimetric, aeronautical, electro-optics, and radar sensors, such as
topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, synthetic aperture radar wherein images of
and toponymic data accurately referenced objects are reproduced optically or
to a precise location on the earth’s surface. electronically on film, electronic display
These data are used for military planning, devices, or other media. Also called IMINT.
training, and operations including (Joint Pub 1-02)

GL-8 Joint Pub 2-02

 Glossary
information. 1. Facts, data, or instructions in reduce uncertainties concerning the enemy,
any medium or form. 2. The meaning that a environment and terrain for all types of
human assigns to data by means of the operations. Intelligence preparation of the
known conventions used in their battlespace builds an extensive data base
representation. (Joint Pub 1-02) for each potential area in which a unit may
be required to operate. The data base is
intelligence. 1. The product resulting from then analyzed in detail to determine the
the collection, processing, integration, impact of the enemy, environment, and
analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of terrain on operations and presents it in
available information concerning foreign graphic form. Intelligence preparation of
countries or areas. 2. Information and the battlespace is a continuing process. Also
knowledge about an adversary obtained known as IPB. (Joint Pub 1-02)
through observation, investigation,
analysis, or understanding. (Joint Pub intelligence requirement. 1. Any subject,
1-02) general or specific, upon which there is a
need for the collection of information, or
intelligence doctrine. Fundamental the production of intelligence. 2. A
principles that guide the preparation and requirement for intelligence to fill a gap in
subsequent provision of intelligence to a the command’s knowledge or
commander and staff to aid in planning and understanding of the battlespace or threat
conducting military operations. (Joint Pub forces. (This term and its definition are
1-02) provided for information and are proposed
for inclusion in the next edition of Joint
intelligence estimate. The appraisal, Pub 1-02 by Joint Pub 2-0.)
expressed in writing or orally, of available
intelligence relating to a specific situation interoperability. 1. The ability of systems,
or condition with a view to determining the units or forces to provide services to and
courses of action open to the enemy or accept services from other systems, units,
potential enemy and the order of probability or forces and to use the services so
of their adoption. (Joint Pub 1-02) exchanged to enable them to operate
effectively together. 2. The condition
intelligence operations. The variety of achieved among communications-
intelligence tasks that are carried out by electronics systems or items of
various intelligence organizations and communications-electronics equipment
activities. Predominantly, it refers to either when information or services can be
intelligence collection or intelligence exchanged directly and satisfactorily between
production activities. When used in the them and/or their users. The degree of
context of intelligence collection activities, interoperability should be defined when
intelligence operations refer to collection, referring to specific cases. (Joint Pub 1-02)
processing, exploitation, and reporting of
information. When used in the context of joint doctrine. Fundamental principles that
intelligence production activities, it refers guide the employment of forces of two or
to collation, integration, interpretation, and more Services in coordinated action toward
analysis, leading to the dissemination of a a common objective. It will be
finished product. (Joint Pub 1-02) promulgated by the Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, in coordination with the
intelligence preparation of the battlespace. combatant commands, Services, and Joint
An analytical methodology employed to Staff. (Joint Pub 1-02)

GL-9
Glossary
joint force. A general term applied to a force two or more Services employed in
which is composed of significant elements, coordinated action. (Joint Pub 1-02)
assigned or attached, of two or more
Military Departments, operating under a joint intelligence support element. A
single joint force commander. (Joint Pub subordinate joint force forms a joint intelligence
1-02) support element as the focus for intelligence
support for joint operations, providing the joint
joint force commander. A general term force commander, joint staff, and components
applied to a combatant commander, with the complete air, space, ground, and
subunified commander, or joint task force maritime adversary situation. Also called
commander authorized to exercise JISE. (Joint Pub 1-02)
combatant command or operational control
over a joint force. Also called JFC. (Joint joint task force. A joint force that is
Pub 1-02) constituted and so designated by the
Secretary of Defense, a combatant
joint intelligence architecture. A dynamic, commander, a subunified commander, or
flexible structure that consists of the an existing joint task force commander.
National Military Joint Intelligence Center, Also called JTF. (Joint Pub 1-02)
the theater joint intelligence centers, and
subordinate joint force joint intelligence Joint Worldwide Intelligence
support elements. This architecture Communications System. The sensitive
encompasses automated data processing compartmented information portion of the
equipment capabilities, communications Defense Information System Network. It
and information flow requirements, and incorporates advanced networking
responsibilities to provide national, theater, technologies that permit point-to-point or
and tactical commanders with the full range multipoint information exchange involving
of intelligence required for planning and voice, text, graphics, data, and video
conducting operations. (Joint Pub 1-02) teleconferencing. Also called JWICS.
(Joint Pub 1-02)
joint intelligence center. The intelligence
center of the combatant command measurement and signature intelligence.
headquarters. The joint intelligence center Scientific and technical intelligence
is responsible for providing and producing obtained by quantitative and qualitative
the intelligence required to support the analysis of data (metric, angle, spatial,
combatant commander and staff, wavelength, time dependence, modulation,
components, subordinate joint forces and plasma, and hydromagnetic) derived from
elements, and the national intelligence specific technical sensors for the purpose
community. Also called JIC. (This term of identifying any distinctive features
and its definition are provided for associated with the target. The detected
information and are proposed for inclusion feature may be either reflected or emitted.
in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02 by Joint Also called MASINT. (Joint Pub 1-02)
Pub 2-0.)
medical intelligence. That category of
joint intelligence doctrine. Fundamental intelligence resulting from collection,
principles that guide the preparation of evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of
intelligence and the subsequent provision foreign medical, bio-scientific, and
of intelligence to support military forces of environmental information which is of

GL-10 Joint Pub 2-02

 Glossary
interest to strategic planning and to military ensure that the United States has the
medical planning and operations for the technology and spaceborne and airborne
conservation of the fighting strength of assets needed to acquire intelligence
friendly forces and the formation of worldwide, including support to such
assessments of foreign medical capabilities functions as monitoring of arms control
in both military and civilian sectors. Also agreements, indications and warning, and
called MEDINT. (This term and its definition the planning and conducting of military
modifies the existing term and its definition operations. This mission is accomplished
and will be approved for inclusion in the through research and development,
next edition of Joint Pub 1-02) acquisition, and operation of spaceborne
and airborne intelligence data collection
Military Intelligence Board. A decision systems. Also called NRO. (Joint Pub
making forum which formulates Defense 1-02)
intelligence policy and programming
priorities. The Military Intelligence Board, nuclear intelligence. Intelligence derived
chaired by the Director, Defense from the collection and analysis of radiation
Intelligence Agency (DIA), who is dual- and other effects resulting from radioactive
hatted as Director of Military Intelligence, sources. Also called NUCINT. (Joint Pub
consists of senior military and civilian 1-02)
intelligence officials of each Service, US
Coast Guard, each Combat Support open-source intelligence. Information of
Agency, the Joint Staff/J-2/J-6, Deputy potential intelligence value that is available
Assistant Secretary of Defense to the general public. Also called OSINT.
(Intelligence), Intelligence Program (Joint Pub 1-02)
Support Group, DIA’s Directorates for
Intelligence Production, Intelligence operational intelligence. Intelligence that is
Operations, and Information and Services, required for planning and conducting
and the combatant command J-2s. Also campaigns and major operations to
called MIB. (This term and its definition accomplish strategic objectives within
modifies the existing term and its theaters or areas of operations. See also
definition and is approved for inclusion intelligence. (Joint Pub 1-02)
in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.)
operation plan. Any plan, except for the Single
national intelligence support team. A Integrated Operation Plan, for the conduct
nationally sourced team composed of of military operations. Plans are prepared
intelligence and communications experts by combatant commanders in response to
from either Defense Intelligence Agency, requirements established by the Chairman
Central Intelligence Agency, National of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and by
Security Agency, National Imagery and commanders of subordinate commands in
Mapping Agency, or any combination of response to requirements tasked by the
these agencies. Also called NIST. (Upon establishing unified commander. Operation
approval of this publication, this term and plans are prepared in either a complete
its definition will modify the existing term format (OPLAN) or as a concept plan
and its definition and will be included in (CONPLAN). The CONPLAN can be
Joint Pub 1-02.) published with or without a time-phased
force and deployment data (TPFDD) file.
National Reconnaissance Office. A a. OPLAN—An operation plan for the
Department of Defense agency tasked to conduct of joint operations that can be used

GL-11
Glossary
as a basis for development of an operation priority intelligence requirements. Those
order (OPORD). An OPLAN identifies intelligence requirements for which a
the forces and supplies required to execute commander has an anticipated and stated
the CINC’s Strategic Concept and a priority in his task of planning and
movement schedule of these resources to decisionmaking. Also called PIR. (Joint
the theater of operations. The forces and Pub 1-02)
supplies are identified in TPFDD files.
OPLANs will include all phases of the radar intelligence. Intelligence derived from
tasked operation. The plan is prepared data collected by radar. Also called
with the appropriate annexes, appendixes, RADINT. (Joint Pub 1-02)
and TPFDD files as described in the Joint
Operation Planning and Execution System reconnaissance. A mission undertaken to
manuals containing planning policies, obtain, by visual observation or other
procedures, and formats. Also called detection methods, information about the
OPLAN. b. CONPLAN—An operation activities and resources of an enemy or
plan in an abbreviated format that would potential enemy, or to secure data
require considerable expansion or concerning the meteorological,
alteration to convert it into an OPLAN or hydrographic, or geographic characteristics
OPORD. A CONPLAN contains the of a particular area. (Joint Pub 1-02)
CINC’s Strategic Concept and those
annexes and appendixes deemed scientific and technical intelligence. The
necessary by the combatant commander product resulting from the collection,
to complete planning. Generally, detailed evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of
support requirements are not calculated foreign scientific and technical information
and TPFDD files are not prepared. Also which covers: a. foreign developments in
called CONPLAN. c. CONPLAN with basic and applied research and in applied
TPFDD—A CONPLAN with TPFDD is engineering techniques; and b. scientific
the same as a CONPLAN except that it and technical characteristics, capabilities, and
requires more detailed planning for limitations of all foreign military systems,
phased deployment of forces. (Joint Pub weapons, weapon systems, and materiel, the
1-02) research and development related thereto, and
the production methods employed for their
operations security. A process of identifying manufacture. Also called S&TI. (This term
critical information and subsequently and its definition modifies the existing term
analyzing friendly actions attendant to and its definition and will be approved for
military operations and other activities to: inclusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-
a. Identify those actions that can be 02)
observed by adversary intelligence systems.
b. Determine indicators hostile intelligence signals intelligence. 1. A category of
systems might obtain that could be intelligence comprising either individually
interpreted or pieced together to derive or in combination all communications
critical information in time to be useful to intelligence, electronics intelligence, and
adversaries. c. Select and execute foreign instrumentation signals intelligence,
measures that eliminate or reduce to an however transmitted. 2. Intelligence
acceptable level the vulnerabilities of derived from communications, electronics,
friendly actions to adversary exploitation. and foreign instrumentation signals. Also
Also called OPSEC. (Joint Pub 1-02) called SIGINT. (Joint Pub 1-02)

GL-12 Joint Pub 2-02

 Glossary
situation assessment. Assessment produced approved for inclusion in the next edition
by combining military geography, weather, of Joint Pub 1-02)
and threat data to provide a comprehensive
projection of the situation for the targeting. 1. The process of selecting targets
decisionmaker. (Joint Pub 1-02) and matching the appropriate response to
them taking account of operational
strategic intelligence. Intelligence that is requirements and capabilities. 2. The
required for the formulation of strategy, policy, analysis of enemy situations relative to the
and military plans and operations at national commander’s mission, objectives, and
and theater levels. (Joint Pub 1-02) capabilities at the commander’s disposal,
to identify and nominate specific
surveillance. The systematic observation of vulnerabilities that, if exploited, will
aerospace, surface or subsurface areas, accomplish the commander’s purpose
places, persons, or things, by visual, aural, through delaying, disrupting, disabling, or
electronic, photographic, or other means. destroying enemy forces or resources
(Joint Pub 1-02) critical to the enemy. (Joint Pub 1-02)

synchronization. 1. The arrangement of validation. 1. A process normally associated

military actions in time, space, and purpose with the collection of intelligence that
to produce maximum relative combat provides official status to an identified
power at a decisive place and time. 2. In requirement and confirms that the
the intelligence context, application of requirement is appropriate for a given
intelligence sources and methods in concert collector and has not been previously
with the operational plan. (Joint Pub 1-02) satisfied. 2. In computer modeling and
simulation, the process of determining the
tactical intelligence. Intelligence that is degree to which a model or simulation is
required for planning and conducting an accurate representation of the real world
tactical operations. Also called TACINTEL. from the perspective of the intended uses
(This term and its definition modifies the of the model or simulation. (Joint Pub
existing term and its definition and will be 1-02)

GL-13
Glossary

Intentionally Blank

GL-14 Joint Pub 2-02

 JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS HIERARCHY
JOINT PUB 1

JOINT
WARFARE

JOINT PUB 0-2

UNAAF

JOINT PUB 1-0 JOINT PUB 2-0 JOINT PUB 3-0 JOINT PUB 4-0 JOINT PUB 5-0 JOINT PUB 6-0

PERSONNEL INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS LOGISTICS PLANS C4 SYSTEMS

All joint doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures are organized into a comprehensive hierarchy as
shown in the chart above. Joint Pub 2-02 is in the Intelligence series of joint doctrine publications. The
diagram below illustrates an overview of the development process:

STEP #1
Project Proposal
STEP #5 ! Submitted by Services, CINCS, or Joint Staff STEP #2
Assessments/Revision to fill extant operational void Program Directive
! The CINCS receive the pub !
J-7 validates requirement with Services and
and begin to assess it during CINCs ! J-7 formally staffs with
use Services and CINCS
! J-7 initiates Program Directive
! 18 to 24 months following
! Includes scope of
publication, the Director J-7, project, references,
will solicit a written report from milestones, and who will
the combatant commands and develop drafts
Services on the utility and
quality of each pub and the ! J-7 releases Program
need for any urgent changes or Directive to Lead Agent.
earlier-than-scheduled Lead Agent can be
revisions Service, CINC, or Joint
Staff (JS) Directorate
! No later than 5 years after
development, each pub is
revised
Project
Proposal

Assess-
Program
ments/
Directive
Revision
ENHANCED
JOINT JOINT
WARFIGHTING DOCTRINE
CAPABILITY PUBLICATION

CJCS Two
Approval Drafts

STEP #4 STEP #3
CJCS Approval Two Drafts
! Lead Agent forwards proposed pub to Joint ! Lead Agent selects Primary Review
Staff Authority (PRA) to develop the pub
! Joint Staff takes responsibility for pub, makes ! PRA develops two draft pubs
required changes and prepares pub for
coordination with Services and CINCS ! PRA staffs each draft with CINCS,
Services, and Joint Staff
! Joint Staff conducts formal
staffing for approval as a Joint Publication