Industry 4.

0: The Fourth Revolution

changes in the revolution

• Revolution is basically some kind of shift, some abrupt change that is required in
order to transform the way things have been happening.
• if we go back more than 10,000 years ago, our predecessors used to collect food
through foraging techniques.
• Further, foraging behavior was transformed to farming. Different crops were grown,
different vegetable plants, different fruits, food plantations were started. The result
of this transformation from foraging to farming was increased production, and
increased communication between different humans.
• Then came the industrial revolution where new technologies, new machines were
produced, new approaches to the production processes were introduced. This
shifted the economy from the primitive economy with simple agrarian-centric
economies to more aggressive machine-oriented production systems. So, that was
the industrial revolution.
 The industrial revolution again went through different stages. Back in 1760s to 1840s, it
was the first industrial revolution
• First industrial revolution was started with the invention of steam engine, introduction of
trains, mobility increased, construction of railways stimulated the overall revolution. So,
this resulted in the utilization of machines in production, during the first industrial
revolution in the 1760s to 1840s.
• Second industrial revolution, which was during the transition from the 19th century to the
20th century, with the advent of electricity and increase of electricity in the society. This
resulted in mass production, machineries could use electricity for large scale and faster
production.
• Third industrial revolution that was in the 1960s and so on. It was around that time that
computers were starting to get popular. So, gradually with the increase of computers,
different computers, and computing devices, peripherals, etc., the transformation in the
industries also happened.
1. Increase in semiconductors and semiconducting devices,
2. Increase in computing technologies such as mainframe computers, and personal
computers.
3. Eventually the connectivity between these different computers, internet, world wide web
gradually started,
4. These basically were introduced in the industries to improve the efficiency of the
machinery, processes in the industries, manufacturing processes and other processes in
the industries.
third industrial revolution, basically the introduction of computers and information
technology in the different machinery and manufacturing processes in the industry.
The fourth industrial revolution or industry 4.0 is something, which has the origin in the
German economy in early 21st century to uplift the German economy.

individual industries having individual IT infrastructure everything was through the

third industrial revolution. But how could we improve the production even faster and
make the processes even more efficient.

people thought about how things could be done. There were different sensors and
sensing technologies, which were becoming very popular. With the introduction of
sensors, actuators, along with the regular infrastructure, the IT infrastructure, the
internet together basically was able to transform the existing IT-based infrastructure in
the companies to more efficient ones to connected, sensed machinery and so on, so
that was the fourth industrial revolution. And this is fourth industrial revolution or the
Industry 4.0 that we are going through at this moment.
Dr. Vijay Pandurang Bhatkar Made India’s First Supercomputer After USA(Ronald
Reagan) denied the super computers to India. PARAM 8000, made by the Centre for
Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in 1991
Param Shivay, the first supercomputer assembled indigenously, was installed in IIT (BHU),
followed by Param Shakti and Param Brahma at IIT-Kharagpur and IISER, Pune, respectively.
industry 4.0 or fourth industrial revolution
(the term Industry 4.0 was coined in the Hannover fair in Germany in 2011)
• sensors and actuators are very small in size, cheap, and powerful
• much more powerful internet and IT infrastructure
• autonomous monitoring
• use of technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, cyber physical systems

scope of the fourth industrial revolution

• Smart connected machines.
• Internet work,
• communication,
• connecting different standalone machinery, typically which used to be all IT driven,
computer driven
• Smart Machines (smart means we are using different for smartness, we need
autonomous behavior things, which can be detected, corrected and taken forward in an
autonomous manner that is basically the smartness. The introduction of small, cheap,
energy-efficient sensors, and actuators have made it possible to make machines and
connected machines smarter.)
• The smart factories
 Technologies:
• nanotechnology,
• renewable energy,
• Quantum computing,
• biotechnological interventions
• innovations like gene sequencing and so on

Everything together has helped in the overall growth. IT, sensing technology, sensor
networks; then we have the biotechnology - gene sequencing, DNA sequencing, and so
on; nanotechnology and quantum computing, everything packaged together is helping
in the transformation to the fourth industrial age which is Industry 4.0.

Profound and systematic change

scale and scope of innovation:
• acute disruption and innovation in technologies and the transformation of industries
accordingly
• Companies like Alibaba, companies like Uber, Airbnb, Amazon and Flipkart in India, so
all of these companies are essentially transforming the way the operations, delivery,
have been carried on in the past. Everything has changed the way things are
happening at present.
• different state of the art technologies such as cloud, sensor networks, technologies
such as drones, networked drones and many different other technologies are being
used in order to transform the industries and their operations.
 disruption example: iPhone, Google, Detroit area in US

not only the speed of change, but also the scale of change, the profound change, both
are very equally important and are increasing in rapid pace.
capitalization has increased manifold
Business provides information goods, which has virtually zero transportation and
replication cost. Consider companies such as Instagram, WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter.
They are able to supply information-centric products, and goods. There is almost like zero
transportation cost involved and that is unlike the manufacturing industries.

transformation has been possible in this fourth industrial through the biological systems,
and physiological systems using IT, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and quantum
technology.
In terms of the physical megatrends, we have now autonomous vehicles, 3D printing,
advanced robotics, connected robotics, new materials, lightweight materials, cheaper
materials, and stronger materials.
Newer materials, lighter materials, stronger materials, materials that are recyclable,
recyclable plastics are basically a reality now. Use of nanotechnology, Graphene, carbon,
nanotubes these are also making these materials lighter, stronger, having different
advanced properties for being used in different application domains such as aviation
industries, for different other manufacturing industries.
Digital transformation has been happening. The introduction of sensors, connected sensors,
connected actuators. These are all about the use of internet of things. Sensors being used
RFIDs, NFCs, tracking of package delivery, typically by courier companies this is quite
common. Complex supply chain, monitoring systems are all a reality in this fourth industrial
revolution.
We have understood, what is this fourth industrial revolution, what were what were the
previous three industrial revolutions that we have seen. And in this fourth industrial
revolution age, what are the new things that have come in technologies such as self driving
cars, technologies such as AI enabled Siri.
Technologies such as connected robots, standalone robots, smart robots being used in
different application domains such as agriculture, medical industries, manufacturing
industries. Technologies that are going to come in the future and people worldwide are lot of
research words that are going on in different labs in the academia and in the industries R & D
industries. All of these things we have gone through. And we have also seen how these
transformations are happening gradually and what is the benefit of all these transformations
that are happening.