TABLE OF CONTENTS
PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
CERTIFICATE I
DECLARATION II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III
TABLE OF CASES IV-VII
ABBREVIATIONS VIII
SYNOPSIS 1-12
INTRODUCTION
I)Introduction 1
II)Significance of the topic of 2
Research
III)Area of Research 5
IV)Aims and Objectives of the study 7
V)Hypothesis 7
VI)Review of Literature 9
VII)Research Methodology Adopted 11
VII)Limitation 11
IX)Scheme of Doctoral Research 12
CHAPTER-I 16-33
INTRODUCTION OF
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
1.1.Introduction 16
1.2.Intellectual Property Rights in 17
India
1.3.Classification of Intellectual 18
Property
1.4The Concept of Intellectual 18
Property
1.5. Three kinds of Property 19
1.6. Patent 20
1.6.1. Definition of Patent 20
1.7. Trademark 22
1.7.1. Definition of Trademark 23
1.8. Copyright 24
1.8.1. Meaning of work for 25
Applicability of Copyright
1.8.2. Meaning of word ‘Original’ 26
1.9.Designs 26
1.9.1. Position of Design in India 27
1.9.2.Meaning of Design 28
1.9.3.Definition of ‘Design’ 29
1.10.Geographical Indications 30
1.10.1.Indication of Source 31
1.11. Biodiversity and Traditional 32
Knowledge
1.11.1.Meaning of Traditional 32
Knowledge
1.11.2. Significance and 33
Characteristics of Traditional
Knowledge.
CHAPTER-II 34-52
HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
IN INDIA.
2.1. Introduction 34
2.2. Historical Background of 34
Intellectual Property.
2.2.1. World Patent Enactment History 36
at Glance
2.2.2. Learning Objectives 37
2.3.What is Intellectual Property as per 38
Historical Perspective
2.3.1. Ancient Meaning of Intellectual 39
Property.
2.4.Basic concept of Intellectual 40
Property Law in History
2.5. Historical Scope of Intellectual 41
Property Rights
2.6. IPR Developments in India 41
2.6.1. Need of IPR 42
2.6.2. How to secure IPR 42
2.6.3 Copyright 43
2.6.4. Trade and Service Marks 44
2.7. Historical Development of 45
Copyright
2.7.1. History 46
2.7.2. Copyright and Indian Law 47
2.8. Historical Development of Patent 48
System.
2.8.1. History of Indian Patent System 49
2.8.2. Brief about Indian Patent 49
System
2.9.Historical Development of 51
Trademark
2.9.1.History of Trademark 52
CHAPTER-III 53-65
CONCEPTUAL
STUDY OF
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
3.1. Introduction of the Concept of 53
Property.
3.1.1. Legal Concept of Property 54
3.1.2. Property as an Economic 55
Institution
3.1.3.Intellectual Property is not 56
Absolute
3.2.TheConcept of Intellectual 57
Property
3.3.Industrial Property 58
3.4. Copyright 58
3.5. Patent and Related Concepts- 60
Patents for Inventions.
3.5.1.Condition of Patentability 61
3.6. Trademarks, Trade names and 61
Applications of origin Trademarks.
3.6.1.Service Marks 62
3.6.2.Purpose of Trademark 62
3.6.3.Trade Names 63
3.7.Protection Against Unfair 64
Competition
CHAPTER-IV NEED 66-93
FOR INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
IN PATENT
4.1. Present position and Types of 66
Patent Applications In India.
4.2.Rights Conferred on A Patentee 68
4.2.1. Conditional Patent Rights. 69
4.3. Section48: Right to Exploit the 70
Patent.
4.4 Transfer of Patent. 71
4.4.1. Forms of Transfer of Patent 72
Rights.
4.5.Rights of Patentees 72
4.5.1.Obligation of A Patentee 72
4.5.2.The Rights to Surrender the 73
Patent
4.5.3.Right to Sue for Infringement 73
4.5.4. Exceptions and Limitations. 74
4.5.5. Enforcement of Patentee Rights. 79
4.6.Infringement of Patents 80
4.6.1. What Amounts to Infringement? 81
4.6.2.Patent Held to be valid, But Not 82
Infringed
4.6.3.Infringed Patents 83
4.6.4. Not Infringed Patents 85
4.6.5.Action for Infringement 87
4.7.Revocation And Surrender of 88
Patent
4.8.Revocation of Patent 89
4.9. Term of Patent. 93
CHAPTER-V 94-142
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
IN TRADEMARK
5.1.Introduction 94
5.2.Meaning and Definition of 94
Trademark
5.2.1.Essential Features of a 96
Trademark
5.3. History of Trademark in India. 97
5.3.1.Legislative History of the 98
Trademark Act,1999
5.4.Well-known Trademark And 98
Associated Trademarks
5.4.1.Service Marks 99
5.4.2.Certification Trademarks 99
5.4.3.Owners of Trademark 99
5.5.Rights of Trademark Holder 100
5.5.1.Limitation on Rights 102
5.6.Registration of Trademark 103
5.7.Protection of Trademark 107
5.8.Infringement of Registered 110
Trademark
5.8.1. Essential Conditions of 110
Infringement.
5.8.2.Test for determining 110
Infringement
5.8.3.Common forms of Infringement 111
5.8.4.When Trademark is not infringed 112
5.8.5.Illustrative Cases on 114
Infringement
5.8.6.Cases on which Infringement 118
does not apply
5.9.Passing Off 120
5.9.1.Passing off Action 121
5.9.2.Essential Features of Passing Off 122
Action
5.9.3.Modes Adopted for Passing Off 123
5.9.4.Difference between Passing off 124
and Infringement
5.9.5.Grounds for determination of 125
Deceptive similarity in Passing Off
Action
5.9.6.Selected Cases on Passing off 126
5.10.Legal Remedies against 129
Infringement and Passing Off a
Trademark
5.10.1.Civil Remedies 130
5.10.2.Criminal Remedies 132
5.10.3.Relief in cases of an action for 134
Passing Off
5.11.Authorities under the Trademark 135
Act
5.12.Selective Cases decided by 139
Appellate Board
5.13.Duration of Registration 141
5.14.Renewal of Registration 141
CHAPTER-VI 143-194
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
IN COPYRIGHT
6.1.Rights conferred by Copyright 143
6.2.Ownership of Copyright 145
6.3.Infringement of Copyright 147
6.3.1.Definition of Infringement- 147
Section 51
6.3.2.Infringing Copy –Definition – 149
Sec.2(m)
6.3.3.Essential Ingredients of 150
Infringement
6.3.4.Proposition Relating to 150
Infringement
6.4.Remedies Against Copyright 153
Infringement
6.4.1.Civil Remedies 153
6.4.2.Criminal Remedies 154
6.4.3.Administrative Remedies 155
6.4.4.Factors Considered For 155
Infringement of Copyright
6.4.5.Authorisation of Infringement 158
6.4.6.Acts not Constituting 161
Infringements-Statutory Exceptions
6.5.Infringement of Literary, Dramatic 162
or Musical Works
6.5.1.Exceptions to Infringements of 166
Lierary,Dramatic or Musical Works
6.6.Infringement of Artistic Works 171
6.6.1.Acts not Constituting 174
Infringement of Artistic Works
6.7. Infringement of Cinematograph 174
Films.
6.8.Infringement of Copyright in 177
Sound Recordings
6.8.1. Exceptions to Infringement of 180
the Copyright in a Sound Recording.
6.9. Main Issues in a Suit for 180
Infringement of Copyright.
6.10.Term of Copyright 183
6.10.1. Term of Copyright in 184
Published Literary, Dramatic And
Musical Works.
6.10.2.Artistic Work 186
6.10.3.Cinematograph Film 187
6.10.4. Sound Recoding 189
6.11. Role of Copyright Societies in 189
the Administration of Copyright
6.11.1. Registration of Copyright 190
Society.
6.11.2.Conditions for Registration of 191
Copyright Society
6.11.3. Factors Considered before 191
Permission.
6.11.4.Cancellation or Suspension of 192
the Registration
6.11.5.Agreement between Copyright 193
Society and Similar Foreign Society
6.11.6.Copyright Society and Public 194
Interest
CHAPTER- VI 196-201
CONCLUSION AND
SUGGESTIONS
I)Conclusions 196
II)Suggestions 198
BIBLOGRAPHY 201
TABLE OF CASES
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ABBREVIATION
AIR ALL India Reporter
SCC Supreme Court Cases
Art. Article
UN United Nation
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organisation
All ER All England Reporter
Bom CR Bombay Cases Reporter
AC Appellate Court
IP Intellectual Property
TM Trademark
Copr. Copyright
IPCIS International Patent Classification Information System
IS Information System
AIPLA American Intellectual Property Law Association
IPR Intellectual Property Rights
EPO European Patent Office
PCT Patent Cooperation Treaty
Bk. Book
Ed. Edition, Editor
UOI Union of India
SC Supreme Court
HC High Court
