1.

22 : 1120
TR 1120-5
1-2

TECHNICAL REGULATIONS WAR DEPARTMENT,

No. 1120-5 WASHINGTON, February 9, 1931.

CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

ff
CANDLES !
¿

Prepared under direction of the

Chief of Chemical Warfare Service

Paragraphs
SECTION I. General 1-5
II. General discussion__. 6-8
III. Candle , smoke substitute .. 9-14
IV. Candle, smoke, H. C. , MI 15-20
V. Candle, smoke , H. C. , MII__. 21-26
VI. Candle, l'acrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI 27-32
VII. Candle, lacrimatory, C. N. , fast , MI .. 33-38
VIII . Candle, irritant , MI 39-44

SECTION I

GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose and scope .. 1
References 2
Storage 3
45

Disposition of defective candles_. 4

Reports of defective material__

1. Purpose and scope. -These regulations are intended for the

using arms. They give all necessary information regarding the con
t
struction, functioning, and identification of candles manufactured
and issued by the Chemical Warfare Service.
2. References. —a . For marking shipments , see United States
Army Specification No. 100-2B.
b. The cost of the candles described herein is contained in the price.
list, Chemical Warfare Service .
c. All personnel charged with handling chemical ammunition
should familiarize themselves with AR 30-1270.
d. Pending the issue of a standard nomenclature list , Chemical
Warfare Service , the nomenclature herein is mandatory and will
be used in all requisitions .
25916°-31-1
 15.
TR 1120-5
3-7 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

3. Storage. - Candles should be stored in a cool, dry magazine

and protected from the direct or reflected rays of sunlight .
4. Disposition of defective candles. -Defective candles (ex
cept the candle, irritant ) which can not be fired and which have been
condemned, should be destroyed , preferably by burning. If this
method of disposal is not feasible, they may be destroyed by break
ing up and burial under 2½ or more feet of earth or in 10 or more
feet of water.
If practicable the candle, irritant, will be destroyed only under
the supervision of a Chemical Warfare Service officer. It should
be determined with certainty that the contents of the candle , irri
tant, after being disposed of, can not come in contact with man or
domestic animals in any way. Water or food is easily polluted by
contents of the candle, irritant .
5. Reports of defective material. -A report of defective mate
rial will be submitted through channels to the Chief, Chemical
Warfare Service, under the following headings :
a. Name of the candle and lot numbers.
b. Conditions of storage.
c. Apparent cause of failure.
d. Additional pertinent data relative to malfunctioning.

SECTION II

GENERAL DISCUSSION
Paragraph
General remarks . 6
Types of candles_ 7
Identification_. 8
6. General remarks .-All candles described herein function
by burning. The principle of operation for each candle is set forth
in detail under the section of these regulations describing the candle .
7. Types of candles.-a. Three types of candles are manufac
tured, namely : Nontoxic smoke candle ; lacrimatory (tear gas)
candle ; and irritant candle.
(1 ) There are three kinds of nontoxic smoke candles issued, namely :
Candle, smoke substitute ; candle, smoke, H. C. , MI ; and candle ,
smoke, H. C., MII.
(2 ) There are two types of lacrimatory candles issued, namely :
Candle, lacrimatory, C. N. , fast , MI ; and candle , lacrimatory, C. N. ,
slow, MI.
(3) There is only one kind of irritant smoke candle issued , namely :
Candle, irritant , MI .

2
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 7-9

b. Components.

Aver Composition
Name Size age
weight Candle Starting mixture Match head

Pounds
1. Candle, smoke Cylindrical; height, 3½ Nitre, coal dust, Potassium
substitute. 61½ inches, w/cov.; sulphur, borax, chlorate, an
diameter , 33% hard pitch. timony, sul
inches. phide, dex
trin.
2. Candle, smoke, Rectangular; length, 2 Hexachlorethane, Potassium per Same as No. 1.
H. C. , MI . 54 inches; width, powdered zinc, chlorate, anti
34 inches; thick zinc oxide. mony, zinc
ness, 11½ inches. dust.
3. Candle, smoke, Cylindrical; height, 134 Hexachlorethane, Potassium ni
H. C., MII. 534 inchesw/mech; powdered zinc, trate, antimo
diameter 2516 ammonium per ny trisulfide,
inches. chlorate, ammo dextrin.
nium chloride.
4. Candle, lacri Cylindrical; height, 114 Chloracetophe Ferrous sulfide, Do.
matory, C. N., 234 inches; diam none, magne hammer scale,
slow, MI. eter, 4 inches. sium oxide, .30 black powder
cal. smokeless . grade A, No. 7.
5. Candle, lacri Cylindrical; height, 1 Chloracetophe Ferrous sulfide,
matory, C. N., 534 inchesw/mech; none, magnesi hammer scale,
fast, MÍ. diameter , 2516 um oxide, E. C., black powder
inches. blank fire pow grade A, No. 7.
der.
6. Candle, irritant, Cylindrical; height, 94 Smokeless pow Do.
MI. 534 inches; diame der, diphenyl
ter, 7 inches. amine-chlorars
ine.

8. Identification. For identification purposes, candles , with

the exception of the candle , smoke substitute, are given a mark num
ber, painted gray and marked to show contents and persistency.

SECTION III

CANDLE, SMOKE SUBSTITUTE

Paragraph
Description --- 9
Action upon firing . 10
Method of firing 11
Safety precautions_ 12
Painting and marking 13
Packing box for candles, smoke substitute_. 14

9. Description. - The candle, smoke substitute , is the British

type S, ground-smoke candle reconditioned for use. This candle
will not be issued when the present supply is exhausted .
The candle consists of a tin case, cylindrical in shape, 5 % inches
high and 3 % inches in diameter, filled with a solid smoke mixture.
Figure 1 shows this candle in detail.
To the top of the case is fitted a case cover, containing a central
circular hole 1 inch in diameter, through which the match head is
inserted and from which the smoke escapes when the candle is

3
12 292SU
XL 2474
07/06 31150-198 NLR
TR 1120-5
9-10 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

fired. A cardboard disk containing the match head is placed on top

of the case cover. The match head extends down through the hole
in the case cover and acts as the igniter for the smoke mixture .
A scratch block for igniting the match head is taped to the card
board disk on one side of the match head and a small strip of
wood, the same size as the scratch block, is placed on the other
side of the match head in such a manner that they are easily re
movable. The strip of wood, together with the scratch block, forms
a protection for the match head. A metal cover is fitted over the
top of the candle and sealed with adhesive tape.

FIGURE 1.- Candle, smoke substitute

1. Smoke mixture. 4. Adhesive tape. 7. Cardboard disk.
2. Match head. 5 Wood spacer. 8. Inner cover.
3. Scratcher block. 6. Outer cover. 9. Body.

The candle completely assembled is 62 inches high and 3 % inches

in diameter, weighs 31½ pounds, is painted black and is not marked
or stenciled in any way. Figure 2 shows the candle, smoke substi
tute.
10. Action upon firing.-By drawing the scratch block quickly
across the match head , the latter is ignited and flashes into the candle,
igniting the smoke mixture. A delay of about three seconds occurs
between the scratching of the match head and the evolution of smoke.
The cardboard disk holding the match head burns off.
Smoke of a yellowish-brown color is generated in considerable
volume for a period of three to four minutes. A small cloud of vapor

4
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 10-11

at the finish usually lasts for another half minute. Figure 3 shows
the candle, smoke substitute, in operation.

FIGURE 2. -Candle, smoke sub

stitute

11. Method of firing.-a. With scratch block.-Remove the ad

hesive tape from the cover of the candle and remove cover. Place

FIGURE 3. -Candle, smoke substitute, in operation

the candle in an upright position on the ground, grasp the scratch

block, at the same time removing tape from the match head , and
draw the scratch block across the match head.
5
TR 1120-5
11-12 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

b. With electric squib .- Remove the adhesive tape from the cover
of the candle and remove cover . Remove the scratch block and tape
exposing the match head. Remove the plug from the base of an
electric squib and tape the squib with base ( open end ) securely
against the match head.
To fire two or more candles , connect all the candles in a series and
attach to the blasting machine . ( See fig. 4. ) The number of can
dles which may be fired electrically is limited only by the capacity
of the exploder or blasting machine used .

0
0
0

FIGURE 4.-Illustration of electrical method of firing candles

1. Candle. 3. Cardboard disk. 5. Squib. 7. Lead wire.
2. Inner cover. 4. Match head. 6. Adhesive tape. 8. Exploder.

12. Safety precautions. -a. After the cover is removed from

the candle, the match head must be kept dry until it is ignited.
b. The candle should not be placed within 5 feet of dry grass or
other readily inflammable material if a fire is to be avoided .
c. After igniting the match head, the firer should step back five
paces. This precaution is necessary to prevent personnel from be
coming spattered with burning particles should the candle not
function properly. Owing to the length of time these candles have
been in storage, they do not function as smoothly as could be desired ,
although there is no danger to anyone not standing directly over the
candle.
6
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 12-15

d. Should the candle burst into flames at the orifice , the flame may
be extinguished by striking the orifice with any pliable object, such
as a small branch of tree.
e. Store in a cool , dry place.
13. Painting and marking. —The candle , smoke substitute, is
painted black. Paint is applied by dipping the candle in asphaltum
paint for the purpose of protecting the container and preventing the
access of moisture to the contents. No marking is placed on the
candle, smoke substitute.
14. Packing box for candles , smoke substitute. -a. Type.
The candle, smoke substitute , is packed 20 to the box in a standard
packing box of wood , made in accordance with the United States
Army specifications and complying with Interstate Commerce Com
mission regulations .
The dimensions of the box are 21 by 15 % by 97
% inches. The box
empty weighs 18 pounds . Weight of the packing box containing 20
candles is approximately 88 pounds. Displacement is 1.9 cubic feet.
To remove contents, the top of the box is pried off.
Each box contains two cards, one giving directions for the use
of the candle and the other a card of data giving the lot number, date
of reconditioning, date of packing, etc.
b. Marking. The marking which appears on the packing box for
candles, smoke substitute, is shown in Figures 5 , 6 , and 7 .

SECTION IV

CANDLE, SMOKE , H. C. , MI
Paragraph
Description_ 15
Action upon firing . 16
Directions for firing 17
Safety precautions- 18
Painting and marking_ 19
Packing box for candles, smoke, H. C., MI . 20

15. Description . -The candle , smoke , H. C. , MI , is a rectangular

tin container 1½ by 314 by 54 inches high with crimped joints and
rounded corners, containing a solid smoke mixture, starting mix
ture, match head, and scratch block. For details, see Figure 8.
The inner cover with rectangular hole in the center 2 by inches
is fitted to the can on top of the smoke mixture.
A zinc cup, rectangular in shape, containing the starting mixture,
is pressed into the recess of the inner cover and soldered to the
inner cover. The match head contained in a small strip of card

7
TR 1120-5
CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

5
5

SU
BCSA
TNID ES
E2D0G
TLUE
TS 20 CANDL TE SMOKE
EWO ARSEEN S T I T U
SUBNDWLOERKS REFULLY
OD AL C HIARE CA
F
CWS KEEP FIRE AWAY LOT.
S
1.C.C. 12A
D
2 PACKE

7 4 6
FIGURE 5.- Marking of packing box for candle, smoke substitute
1. Quantity and kind of candle. 5. C. W. S. insignia.
2. Name of place where packed. 6. To comply with I. C. C. regulations.
3. Lot number. 7. Yellow stripe on blue-gray background.
4. Month and year of packing.
NOTE. Both ends of box are marked alike. For marking on side not shown (address
side) see Figure 7.

FIGURE 6. -Candle, smoke substitute, showing shipping con

tainers, and method of packing and marking
3

FROM EDGEWOOD ARSENAL US.

EDGEWOOD, MD.
2 TO ORDNANCE OFFICER
FORT SILL, OKLAHOMA

204 LBS. SHIPPING TICKETNO !

2 CU.FT. LOT NO.4587-40
4 5 6 1
FIGURE 7. -Address side for all packing boxes
1. Number of shipping ticket. 4. Gross weight, in pounds.
2. Designation and address of consignee (as 5. Cubic displacement, in cubic feet.
shown on shipping instructions ) . 6. Ammunition lot number.
3. Consignor. 7. To indicate United States property.
NOTE.- Shipping officer may omit 2 and 3 in carload shipments.

8
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 15-17

board is assembled to the zinc cup containing the starting mixture

and crimped to hold it in place.
The match head is covered by a paper sheet of the inside dimen
sions of the can which protects the match head from the scratch
block. The scratch block is placed on top of the paper, the outer
tin cover fitted over the top of the can and sealed with adhesive tape.
The candle weighs approximately 2 pounds.
16. Action upon firing. -The scratch block drawn quickly
across the match head ignites the match head , which in turn ignites
the starting mixture . The starting mixture burns through the zinc

FIGURE 8.-Candle, smoke, H. C., MI

1. Smoke mixture . 4. Scratcher block. 7. Inner cover. 10. Cover.
2. Starting mixture. 5. Match head plate. 8. Ignition cup. 11. Adhesive tape.
3. Match head. 6. Shield. 9. Body.

cup and starts a chemical reaction of the smoke mixture, generating

considerable heat with the formation of zinc chloride.
The zinc chloride escapes into the air as a dense white smoke, com
posed of finely divided solid particles, which readily absorb moisture
and become highly obscuring liquid particles.
The candle burns from 2 to 4 minutes in full volume. A small
stream of vapor lasts for one-half minute longer . Figure 9' shows
the candle, smoke, H. C. , MI, in operation.
17. Directions for firing. -a. With scratch block.- Remove the
tape from the top of the can. Take off the cover and remove scratch
25916 -31- -2

9
TR 1120-5
17-20 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

block and paper disk. To fire, rub the scratch block across the
match head.
b. With electric squib.-The candle is fired electrically as described
in paragraph 116.
18. Safety precautions. -a. After removal of the cover from
the candle the match head must be kept dry until ignited.
b. The candle should not be placed within 5 feet of dry grass or
other readily inflammable material , if a fire is to be avoided .
c. After the candle is ignited, personnel should remain at least
10 feet away from the burning candle. While the candle is practi

FIGURE 9.- Candle, smoke, H. C., MI , in operation

I
cally harmless, there is a tendency to throw out hot particles of the
smoke mixture.
d. Store in a cool , dry place.
19. Painting and marking. -The candle, smoke, H. C., MI, is
painted gray. A broken yellow band one-half inch wide containing
the letters " U. S." on both sides is stenciled around the can 1 inch
from the top . Stenciled on both sides of the can in yellow are the
type and symbol , " Smoke, H. C." On the bottom of the can, sten
ciled in yellow, are the manufacturer's identification mark and the
lot number. (See fig. 10. )
20. Packing box for candles, smoke, H. C. , MI.-a. Type.
The candle , smoke, H. C. , MI , is packed 25 to the box in a standard
packing box of wood, constructed in accordance with United States.

10
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 20

Army specifications and complying with Interstate Commerce Com

mission regulations. The dimensions of the box are 19 by 934 by
5 1 5 1 5

SC
CWS 2 MOANKDELE
SMOKE

H5.C MI S 25 CANDLES SMOKE

.

to
E
USE ADRGSEWO H. C.EM WOI
ERKS ULLY
ENAOD CWS FHIARNEDPL CRAEREFAY
L S KE FI AW
1. C. C. 12A

PACKED 3
HC

2
6
FIGURE 11. - Marking of packing box for candle ,
smoke, H. C., MI
1. Quantity and kind of candle.
2. Name of place where packed.
3. Lot number.
104E 4. Month and year of packing.
5. C. W. S. insignia.
6. To comply with I. C. C. regulations.
7. Yellow stripe with blue-gray background.
FIGURE 10. -Candle, smoke, H. C. , NOTE. Both ends of box are marked alike. For
MI, showing details of marking marking on side not shown (address side ) see Figure 7.

62 inches. Weight of the box empty is 10 pounds ; weight filled

with 25 candles is approximately 60 pounds ; displacement 0.7 cubic
foot. Each box contains two cards, one giving directions for the

FIGURE 12.-Candle, smoke, H. C. , MI , showing shipping con

tainers and method of packing and marking

use of the candle , the other a card of data , giving the lot number ,
date of manufacture, date of packing, etc.
b. Marking. The marking which appears on the packing box of
candles, smoke, H. C. , MI , is shown in Figures 7, 11 , and 12 .

11
TR 1120-5
21-23 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

223442
SECTION V

CANDLE, SMOKE, H. C. , MII

Paragraph
Description_. 21
Action upon firing.
Method of firing
Safety precautions-.
Painting and marking_ 25
Packing box for candles, smoke, H. C. , MII_ 26

21. Description.-The candle, smoke , H. C. , MII , is a cylindrical

tin container 2 inches in diameter and 4½ inches high containing
a solid smoke mixture and a starting mixture and fuze mechanism
for firing ; with the fuze attached the height of the candle is 534
inches. For details, see Figure 13.
A zinc cup circular in shape, 1 % inches in diameter and three
fourths inch deep , is placed in a depression left in the top of the
smoke mixture. The top of the cup is flanged outward, the flange
being nine-sixteenths inch wide. The flange of the starter cup
covers the entire surface of the mixture.
The container top, in which there are four 1
4 -inch holes covered
/
by squares of adhesive tape and to which a brass adapter is riveted ,
is fitted to the can on top of the zinc starter cup. Into the brass
adapter is assembled a fuze, MI .
The candle , with fuze attached , weighs approximately 134 pounds.
22. Action upon firing.-When the safety pin of the fuze is
pulled and the lever released the striker fires the primer, this ignites
the delay element which in turn ignites the starting mixture . The
starting mixture burns through the zinc cup and starts a chemical
reaction of the smoke mixture, generating considerable heat with
the formation of zinc chloride .
The zinc chloride escapes into the air as a dense white smoke,
composed of finely divided solid particles , which readily absorb
moisture and become highly obscuring liquid particles.
The candle burns from 212 to 314 minutes in full volume . A
small stream of vapor lasts for possibly 14 minute longer. Figure
14 shows the candle , smoke, H. C. , MII , in operation . ·
23. Method of firing. —Grasp the candle with lever held firmly
against candle body, withdraw safety pin, keeping a firm grasp
around candle and lever. Either throw the candle with a full swing
of the arm like a grenade or place on the ground. As the candle

12
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 23-24 .

is released from the hand the lever drops away allowing the striker
to fire the primer .
24. Safety precautions.-a. The candle should not be thrown
into or placed within 5 feet of dry grass or other readily inflammable
material, if a fire is to be avoided .

20

19
23

13
FIGURE 13. - Candle, smoke, H. C., MII
1. Lever. 10. Fuze body. 17. Cup.
2. Disk. 11. Adapter. 18. Top.
3. New No. 4 primer. 12. Solder. 19. Container body.
4. Hinge pin. 13. Delay element. 20. Zinc oxide adhesive
5. Ring. 14. 0.06 gram Army black tape.
6. -inch cotter pin. powder. 21. Starter mixture.
7. Striker point. 15. 0.12 gram Army black 22. Starter mixture cup.
8. Striker. powder. 23. Smoke mixture.
9. Spring. 16. Cup disk.

b. After the candle is ignited , personnel should remain at least

5 feet away from the burning candle. While the candle is practi

13
TR 1120-5
24-26 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

cally harmless, the smoke is evolved with great vigor and there is a
tendency to throw out hot particles of residue.
c. Store in a cool , dry place.
25. Painting and marking . -The candle, smoke, H. C. , MII , is
painted gray. A yellow band 1
/
2 -inch wide is painted around the
can, 2 inches from the top . Stenciled in yellow in 1 /2 -inch letters
is the symbol " H. C." 1/2 inch from the top of the container and the
type " SMOKE " 114 inches from the top of the container. Below
the yellow band, stenciled in yellow, are the letters " U. S.," the

HC

SMOKE

SORE
US LOT
Us
A12 EAE

FIGURE 14.--Candle, smoke, H. C., MII, FIGURE 15. - Candle, smoke, H. C.,
in operation MII, showing details of marking

manufacturer's identification mark and the lot number. (See

fig. 15.)
26. Packing box for candles, smoke, H. C. , MII.-a. Type.
The candle, smoke , H. C. , MII , is packed 25 to the box in a standard
packing box of wood, constructed in accordance with United States
Army specifications and complying with Interstate Commerce Com
mission regulations. The dimensions of the box are 13 16 by 13 by
75% inches. Weight of the box empty is 6.25 pounds. Weight filled
with 25 candles, approximately 50 pounds. Displacement 0.8 cubic
foot. Each box contains two cards, one giving directions for the

14
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 26

use of the candle, the other a card of data , giving the lot number, date
of manufacture, date of packing, etc.

CA
2S5MONKDLES 25CANDLE SMOKE
S
H.C. E
MIT
EDG CWс S H. C ,DWМ Д
NE LOERC
AR
KSREFULLY
FI
H A
ARSEWOO E E P F E AWAY
I R
ENA D ‫ ی‬K
L 12A LOT
C.C
ED
PACK

FIGURE 16. - Marking of packing box for candle, smoke, H. C., MII
1. Quantity and kind of candle. 5. C. W. S. insignia.
2. Name of place where packed. 6. To comply with I. C. C. regulations.
3. Lot number. 7. Yellow stripe with blue-gray background.
4. Month and year of packing.
NOTE. Both ends of box are marked alike. For marking on side not shown (address
side) see Figure 7.
..- .C.R.DEPOT
..DEPI
FBO
US

FROM
EDOC 000

S
T.

U
E
G008300CIN
34

HC
NOKE
US
AL

FIGURE 17. - Candle, smoke, H. C., MII, showing shipping con

tainer and method of packing and marking

b. Marking. The marking which appears on the packing box of

candles , smoke, H. C. , MII , is shown in Figures 7 , 16, and 17 .

15
TR 1120-5
27-28 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

1722822
SECTION VI

CANDLE, LACRIMATORY , C. N., SLOW, MI

Paragraph
Description___
Action upon firing
Method of firing 29
Safety precautions_. 30
Painting and marking…. 31
Packing box for candles, lacrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI__ 32

27. Description. -The candle , lacrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI , con

sists of a cylindrical tin container 4 inches in diameter and 234 inches
in height, filled with a solid lacrimatory, C. N. , mixture. An igni
tion tray of tin containing a hole seven-eighths inch in diameter in

AAGPUKALEV, SOBOT
PRIRASZA

FIGURE 18.- Candle, lacrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI

1. Lacrimatory mixture. 5. Adhesive tape.
2. Starter mixture. 6. Cover.
3. Match head. 7. Ignition tray.
4. Scratcher block. 8. Body.

the center and a smaller hole one-fourth inch in diameter on one

side fits over the starter mixture. ( See fig. 18. ) A match head is
placed in the 14-inch hole and a scratch block, coated side down, is
placed opposite the match head . A piece of adhesive tape is placed
so as to cover the match head and the orifice and holds the scratch
block securely in position. The center hole or orifice , seven -eighths
inch in diameter, is provided as an outlet for the gases on ignition .
A removable tin cover fits over the candle and is sealed by a strip of
adhesive tape placed around the candle. The candle weighs 10
pounds.
28. Action upon firing . — On ignition , the match head ignites
the starting mixture , which in turn ignites the lacrimatory mixture
of the candle. Three seconds after igniting the match head the
candle generates a lacrimatory, C. N. , vapor , white to colorless, hav

16
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 28-30

ing a fruitlike pungent odor. The candle comes to full volume

within 30 seconds of ignition and continues in full volume for a
period of 4 to 6 minutes. A small stream of vapor sometimes lasts
for one-half minute longer. Figure 19 shows the candle, lacrima
tory, C. N. , slow, MI, in operation .
29. Method of firing. -a. Scratcher block.-Remove the cover.
Remove the adhesive tape from the orifice and match head and
secure scratch block. Place the candle on the ground and ignite
the match head by a sharp stroke of the scratch block.
b. Electric squib.-The candle , lacrimatory , C. N., slow, MI , is
fired by electric squib in the manner described in paragraph 116 .

FIGURE 19. -Candle, lacrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI , in operation

30. Safety precautions. -a. After the cover is removed from

the candle, the match head must be kept dry until ignited.
b. The candle should not be placed within 2 feet of dry grass or
other readily inflammable material if a fire is to be avoided.
c. In view of the fact that occasionally these candles start with
great vigor, personnel igniting them will keep their faces well to
one side and will not bend over the candle in such a way that the eyes
are over the center hole.
d. If the vapors should flame at the orifice of the candle , the flame
may be extinguished by striking with a leafy branch or other pliable
object .
e. After the candle has been ignited , the firer should move upwind
from the candle,

17
TR 1120-5
30-32 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

f. In open country with a 5-mile wind the territory gassed may

be traversed without a mask within 5 minutes after the vapor cloud
has passed.
g. The smokeless powder content will deteriorate when stored at
high temperature, but does not constitute an explosive hazard
because of the retarding effect of the chloracetophenone .
h. Candles, even though not ignited , will give off lacrimatory
vapors when left uncovered in a room.
i. Store in a cool , dry place.
31. Painting and marking.- The candle, lacrimatory, C. N. ,
slow, MI , is painted gray. One green band 1/2 inch wide is painted
around the can below the cover. Below the green band the type and
symbol " GAS C. N.," are stenciled in 12-inch green letters. On

GAS CN

E
수익20

FIGURE 20. - Candle, lacrimatory, C. N. ,

slow, MI , showing details of marking

the bottom of the can are stenciled in green the manufacturer's

identification mark, lot number, and the letters " U. S." (See
fig. 20. )
32. Packing box for candles, lacrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI.—
a. Type .-Candles , lacrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI , are packed 25 to
a box. The packing box is a standard wooden box 2214 by 2214 by
4 inches, constructed in accordance with United States Army Speci
fications and complying with Interstate Commerce Commission reg
ulations . Weight of the box is 20 pounds. The box filled with 25
candles weighs approximately 52 pounds. The displacement is 1.1
cubic feet . Each box contains two cards, one the directions for
firing the candle , the other a card of data , showing manufacturer's lot
number, date of manufacture, date of packing , etc.

18
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 32

b. Marking.- Packing boxes for candles, lacrimatory, C. N. , slow,

MI , are marked as shown in Figures 7, 21 , and 22 .

LACR Y
CA
CWS 25C NDLSELS
IMAT ES MATOR
ORY 25CANDL LACRI
.N. OW MI.
S
EDG C.N. SLWOOW RKMSUI.LLY
ARSEWOOD LREE
ENA HANFDIP CAREF Y
L C KEE FIR AWA E
CWS LOT
S I.C.C. -12A
2

ED
PACK

FIGURE 21.-Marking of packing box for candle, lacrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI

1. Quantity and kind of candle. 5. C. W. S. insignia.
2. Name of place where packed. 6. To comply with I. C. C. regulations.
3. Lot number. 7. Green stripe with blue-gray background.
4. Month and year of packing.
NOTE. Both ends of box are marked alike. For marking on side not shown (address
side ) , see Figure 7.

FIGURE 22. - Candle, lacrimatory, C. N. , slow, MI, showing

shipping container and method of packing and marking

19
TR 1120-5
33-35 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

SECTION VII

CANDLE, LACRIMATORY, C. N. , FAST, MI

Paragraph
Description__ 33
D 34
Action upon firing_E
Method of firing . 35
Safety precautions- 36
Painting and marking_. 37
Packing box for candles, lacrimatory, C. N., fast MI__ 38

33. Description. -The candle , lacrimatory, C. N. , fast, MI , con

sists of a cylindrical tin container 2 inches in diameter and 42
inches high containing a solid lacrimatory, C. N. mixture, and a
starting mixture and a fuze mechanism for firing ; with the fuze
attached the height of the candle is 534 inches. The container is
provided with three rows of six holes each. The holes are five
thirty-seconds inch in diameter. The rows of holes are perpendicu
lar to the bottom of and spaced 120 ° apart on the circumference of
the container. For details, see Figure 23.
The container top in which there are six -inch holes covered by
squares of adhesive tape, and to which a brass adapter is riveted , is
fitted to the can on top of the annular bead above the starter. Into
the brass adapter is assembled a fuze, MI. The candle , with fuze
attached, weights approximately 1 pound 1 ounce.
34. Action upon firing. -When the safety pin of the fuze is
pulled and the lever released the striker fires the primer ; this ignites
the delay element which in turn ignites the starting mixture . Two
seconds after the primer is fired the candle generates a lacrimatory,
C. N. , vapor, white to colorless, having a pungent odor . The candle
comes to full volume within 1 second after ignition and functions
at full volume for a period of 25 to 35 seconds . The gas is emitted
from the 18 holes around the sides of the container and also through
the six holes in the top. A small stream of vapor sometimes lasts
for 10 to 15 seconds longer. Figure 24 shows the candle, lacrimatory ,
C. N. , fast, MI , in operation.
35. Method of firing.—Grasp the candle with lever held firmly
against candle body, withdraw safety pin, keeping a firm grasp
around candle and lever. Throw the candle with a full swing of
the arm . As the candle is released from the hand the lever drops
away allowing the striker to fire the primer .

20
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES

20

18
14
20

21

22
O
बि
व

FIGURE 23.-Candle, lacrimatory, C. N., fast, MI

1. Lever. 10. Fuze body. 16. Cup disk.
2. Disk. 11. Adapter. 17. Cup.
3. New No. 4 primer. 12. Solder. 18. Top.
4. Hinge pin. 13. Delay element. 19. Container body.
5. Ring . 14. 0.06-gram Army black 20. Zinc oxide adhesive tape.
6. -inch cotter pin. powder. 21. Starter mixture.
7. Striker point. 15. 0.12-gram Army black 22. Lacrimatory mixture.
8. Striker. powder.
9. Spring.

21
TR 1120-5
36-37 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

36. Safety precautions. -a. The candle should not be thrown

into dry grass or other readily inflammable material if a fire is to
be avoided.
b. Do not hold the candle in the hand after the lever has been
released , as these candles start very violently within two seconds
after the primer is fired.
c. After the candle has been ignited the firer should move upwind
from the candle.
d. In open country with a 5-mile wind the territory gassed may
be traversed without a mask within five minutes after the vapor
cloud has passed.

FIGURE 24.-Candle, lacrimatory, C. N., fast, MI , in

operation

e. It is thought that the powder content will deteriorate when

stored at high temperature, but does not constitute an explosive
hazard because of the retarding effect of the chloracetophenone.
f. The candle, lacrimatory, C. N., fast, MI , is designed for use as
a grenade, and as such should be used.
g. Store in a cool , dry place.
37. Painting and marking. -The candle, lacrimatory , C. N. ,
fast , MI , is painted gray. A green band one-half inch wide is
painted around the can , 2 inches from the top. Stenciled in green
in 12 -inch letters is the symbol " C. N.," one-half inch from the top
of the container and the type " GAS ," 114 inches from the top of
the container. Below the green band stenciled in green are the

22
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 37-38

letters " U. S.," the manufacturer's identification mark and the lot
number. (See fig. 25. )
38. Packing box for candles, lacrimatory , C. N. , fast, MI. ―
—
a. Type. The candle, lacrimatory, C., N. , fast, MI , is packed 25 to
the box in a standard packing box of wood, constructed in accord
ance with United States Army specifications and complying with
Interstate Commerce Commission regulations. The dimensions of

CN

GAS

US

EAE

FIGURE 25.- Candle, lacrimatory,

C. N., fast, MI, showing details
of marking

the box are 13 by 13 % by 75% inches. Weight of the box empty

is 6.25 pounds. Weight of the box filled with 25 candles is approx
imately 32.75 pounds ; displacement 0.8 cubic foot . Each box con
tains two cards, one giving directions for the use of the candle, the
other a card of data , giving the lot number, date of manufacture, date
of packing, etc.
b. Marking. The marking which appears on the packing box of
candles, lacrimatory, C. N. , fast , MI , is shown in Figures 7, 26,
and 27.

23
TR 1120-5
CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

LACCRA
IN
25C. MDATLOERSY ORY
N.FA 25 CANDLES LACRIMAT
ST 080
MI CN. FASOTRKMSI
EDG F IER E W ULLY
CWS HANDL CAREF
ARSEWOOD S KEEP FIRE AWAY
ENA LOT
L I.CC -12A

PACKED

FIGURE 26. -Marking of packing box for candle, lacrimatory, C. N., fast, MI
1. Quantity and kind of candle. 5. C. W. S. insignia.
2. Name of place where packed. 6. To comply with I. C. C. regulations.
3. Lot number. 7. Green stripe with blue-gray background.
4. Month and year of packing.
NOTE. Both ends of box are marked alike. For marking on side not shown (address
side) , see Figure 7.
PRON.E.C.R.DEPOT
THEWORKS

US.
FIRE
KEEP
ARAY

EDGEWOOD MI .
1.C.C.
TR

CN
GAS
US
EAE

FIGURE 27 .--Candle, lacrimatory, C. N., fast, MI, showing

shipping container and method of packing and marking

24
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 39

SECTION VIII

CANDLE, IRRITANT, MI
Paragraph
Description_ 39
Action upon firing . 40
Directions for firing. 41
Safety precautions__ 42
Painting and marking_-_. 43
Packing box for candles, irritant, MI__ 44

39. Description. - The candle, irritant, MI , consists of two cylin

drical compartments of sheet steel 7 inches in diameter, which when

-16
17
-18
-13

19

૭
10
‫سی‬

FIGURE 28.- Candle, irritant, MI

1. Toxic smoke mixture . 9. Adhesive tape. 17. Insulator plate.
2. Match head. 10. Fuel container. 18. Vent pipe.
3. Smokeless-powder fuel. 11. Gasket. 19. Upper container bottom.
4. Scratcher. 12. Stove bolt. 20. Bushing.
5. Pull wire. 13. Upper container. 21. Filling plug.
6. Match head anchor. 14. Baffle plate. 22. Retainer.
7. Match head ring. 15. Round-head iron rivet.
8. Match head plate. 16. Insulator.

bolted together form a container 534 inches in height . For details

see Figure 28.
The lower compartment , flanged at the top, contains a cake of
smokeless powder 34 pounds in weight, the match head, and firing
wire.
The match head is contained in a metal ring and is anchored to
the cake of smokeless powder by means of two anchor wires. These
wires also provide a guide for the firing wire.
The firing wire extends across the match head to the outside of
the can to a point opposite the orifice at the top of the candle and
is terminated in a loop 1 inch in diameter. This loop is bent against
the side of the candle and held securely in place by a strip of
adhesive tape wound around the candle.

25
TR 1120-5
39-41 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

The upper compartment, flanged at the bottom and constructed to

form a flue, contains a 2 -pound cake of D. M. (diphenylamine
chlorarsine ) . This compartment is assembled to the lower one by
means of five bolts and an asbestos gasket. A slot at the top forms
an orifice for the exit of the vapor. This slot is closed by means
of adhesive tape. The filling hole opposite the exit slot is threaded
to receive a metal plug.
The candle completely assembled weighs 914 pounds.
40. Action upon firing. -When firing wire is pulled out , the
match head is ignited. This, in turn, ignites the smokeless powder
which burns from 2 to 414 minutes.
The hot gases from the combustion of the smokeless powder pass
up through the flue in the upper compartment and are deflected onto

FIGURE 29. -Candle, irritant, MI, in operation

the surface of the D. M. prior to reaching the orifice of the candle.

The D. M. is distilled off and passes out with the combustion gases
of the smokeless powder, forming a characteristic cloud of D. M.
irritant smoke- canary yellow in color. Figure 29 shows the candle,
irritant, MI , in operation.
41. Directions for firing. -Remove the adhesive tape from
the orifice. Remove the adhesive tape from the firing wire. Place
the candle on the ground with the orifice downwind, hold the candle
firmly to the ground , straighten the firing wire to a horizontal po
sition and pull outward quickly. A hissing sound indicates that
the match head has been ignited . In case of failure on the first
trial , push the firing wire back to its original position and again

26
 TR 1120-5
CANDLES 41-43

pull outward. Immediately after the candle is ignited, withdraw

to a position 5 yards upwind from the candle.
42. Safety precautions.-a. Have a gas mask ready to adjust
in case it is necessary.
b . The candle should not be placed within 2 feet of dry grass or
readily inflammable material if a fire is to be avoided.

LOTNO
***

AS

5.
M

FIGURE 30. - Candle, irritant, MI, show

ing details of marking

c. Store in a cool , dry place.

d. Do not remove the tape covering the firing wire until ready
to use the candle.
e. When firing , point the orifice downwind, the operator in rear.

THI SID UP
S E
CA IRR
CIWCS 10 NDLES ITANT IOCANDL
ES RRITANT
I
S EDGMI.
ARSEWOOD MI.
ENA C
L CWS LOT
S
www
D
PACKE

FIGURE 31.- Marking of packing box for candle, irritant, MI

1. Quantity and kind of candle. 4. Month and year of packing.
2. Name of place where packed. 5. C. W. S. insignia.
3. Lot number. 6. Green stripe with blue-gray background.
NOTE. Both ends of box are marked alike. For marking on side not shown (address
side) , see Figure 7.

43. Painting and marking. -The candle, irritant, MI , is painted

gray. One green band is stenciled around the side of the candle.

27
TR 1120-5
42-43 CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE

On the side of the candle, stenciled in green, is the type and sym
bol 66 GAS D. M." On top of the candle stenciled in green are
the lot number , date filled , and the designation " IRRITANT. ”
(See fig. 30. )
44. Packing box for candles, irritant, MI.-a. Type.-The
candle, irritant , MI , is packed 10 candles to the box in a standard
packing box of wood, constructed in accordance with United States
Army specifications and complying with Interstate Commerce Com
mission regulations. The weight of the empty box is 47 pounds ; filled
with 10 candles , 140 pounds, with displacement of 3.3 cubic feet.

D
O
TWARE O
O TANE,
O
D
O
C

CAS

FIGURE 32. -Candle, irritant, MI, and shipping container showing method of packing
and marking

Each box contains two cards of data , one giving the directions for
firing the candle, the other the lot number, date of manufacture,
date of packing, etc.
b. Marking.-Packing boxes for candles, irritant, MI , are marked
as shown in Figures 7 , 31 , and 32.
[A. G. 062.12 (9-16-30) . ]
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR :
DOUGLAS MACARTHUR,
General,
OFFICIAL : Chief of Staff.
C. H. BRIDGES ,
Major General,
The Adjutant General.

28
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1931

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 10 cents