Battery Swapping Stations

Presented by
Lalit Mohan Goyal
Project
What is Battery Swapping Station .
Types of battery swapping station .
Fast Charging & Lithium Ion Batteries .
Policy and frame work
Battery Swapping Station

• A battery swapping (or switching) station is a place at which a vehicle's

discharged battery or battery pack can be immediately swapped for a
fully charged one, eliminating the delay involved in waiting for the
vehicle's battery to charge.
Battery Swapping Service Mobile APP

• Using the real-time information exchange of the battery swapping

service mobile APP, the accurate real-time positions of EV users are
automatically located with the mapping software, and EV users do
• not need to worry about how to describe their location if they are
unfamiliar with the area or if the location is not accurately described.
The time cost and risk caused by inaccurate users’ information are
• eliminated. Moreover, the EV users can complete the payment, service
evaluation and other operationsusing the mobile APP.
. Battery Swapping Service Management System
• As the fundamental communication and management platform of
battery swapping, the battery swapping service management system
offers a variety of battery swapping applications such as
• battery swapping service reservation, battery swapping service
customization, and so on. The battery swapping service management
system regularly releases real-time prices. The charge of one battery
• swapping service is not constant but determined by both real-time price
and real-time remaining battery energy of an EV user.
CASING
Battery Swapping Station
• In general, EV charging requires a long charging process. Thus far, due to policy and money
constraints, the charging stations, charging piles and other charging infrastructure are not
widely deployed. The abovementioned reasons make it probable that EV users will be
forced to stop and wait, which results in waiting anxiety.

• In addition, EV users trade-off between the remaining battery energy, the location
distribution of charging facilities and their travel plans, which easily results in range anxiety .
Therefore, more researchers and EV operators are turning their attention to battery
swapping .

• Battery swapping can provide a new fully charged battery, which does not require depleting
the energy of the old battery. Range anxiety is eased, and to some extent infinite mileage is
obtained. Because battery swapping only requires a few minutes, waiting anxiety is
significantly eased.
History of Battery Swapping
• The concept of an exchangeable battery service was first proposed as
early as 1896, in order to overcome the limited operating range of
electric cars and trucks. It was first put into practice between 1910 and
1924, by Hartford Electric Light Company,
• In 2013, Tesla announced a proprietary charging station service to
support owners of Tesla vehicles. A network of Tesla Supercharger
stations was supposed to support both battery pack swaps for the
Model S, along with the more-widespread fast charging capability for
both the Model S and the Tesla Roadster
Benefits Of Battery Swapping
• Fast battery swapping under five minutes.
• Unlimited driving range where there are battery switch stations available.
• The driver does not have to get out of the car while the battery is swapped.
• The driver does not own the battery in the car, transferring costs over the
battery, battery life, maintenance, capital cost, quality, technology, and
warranty to the battery switch station company.
• Contract with battery switch company could subsidize the electric vehicle at a
price lower than equivalent petrol cars.
• The spare batteries at swap stations could participate in vehicle to grid
storage
Types Of Battery Swapping Stations
• The Battery Charging Stations are Classified on the basis of The Electric
Vehicle Battery Support System
• 2 W – 3W
• 4 WHEELER
• TRUCKS & BUSES
2W – 3W Battery Swapping Station
4-wheeler Battery Swapping Stations
BATTERY
• https://www.batterysmart.in/
• PULKIT CO FOUNDER
Park+
• Bounce
• Park+
• https://bounceinfinity.com/
• Amit Lakhotia
Battery Swapping: The Way Forward for Early Adoption of
Electric Vehicles (EVs) in India
• Battery Swapping: The Way Forward for Early Adoption of Electric
Vehicles (EVs) in India
• India’s growing population increases the travel needs both within and
between cities, and this growth has led to several socio-economic and
environmental challenges. There is a need to prioritize and reimagine
mobility to combat pollution for a sustainable ecosystem. But any big
change causes big disruption and the automobile industry won’t be
immune to this fact. The desirable way to ease into the EV transition is
to make it gradual and start with the low hanging fruit - initiate
transition with 2Ws and 3Ws.
Battery Swapping: The Way Forward for Early Adoption of
Electric Vehicles (EVs) in India
• To make the adoption in 2Ws and 3Ws convenient, cost-effective and
seamless for the end users, we need to make the process as least
disruptive as possible. Users would want the benefit of EV but not the
inconvenience of refueling. Traditional charging technology today takes
between 2-6 hours to charge the battery. Taking cues from somewhat of
a close cousin of EVs, the CNG vehicles where refueling takes at least
10-20 minutes waiting in line, EV charging experience would be 10
times as
Battery Swapping: The Way Forward for Early Adoption of
Electric Vehicles (EVs) in India
• inconvenient and equally undesirable. To not repeat the same mistakes,
we have to make the refueling experience as convenient as the petrol
pumps. This is where battery swapping comes to our rescue. It will
eliminate wait time for charging, make better use of land, reduce the
size of batteries in vehicles and will give an increased available run time.
Battery Swapping Station 2W & 3W 100 vehicles
Introduction to Battery Swapping Services
In Battery Swapping, a fully charged lithium-ion battery replaces a depleted one at a swapping station in a few
minutes which reduces the time to charge electric vehicles.
The benefits of this model are as follows:
1. As a business model it allows various companies to focus on their core competence.

a. EV company to design and produce EVs.

b. Battery companies to produce batteries.
c. Swapping or charging service companies on providing services to consumers. All of them are equivalent
to the current ecosystem of ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) viz. auto OEM, oil refining, oil marketing.
d. It will also prove extremely beneficial for electricity utility companies to be able to avoid high capex and
upgrades for concentrated high-speed DC chargers at few places.

2. Less time spent by the drivers for charging the batteries (quick refilling).

3. Low cost of ownership of the EV by the end consumer - battery need not be bought.

4. Effective measurement of the energy consumed as batteries are IoT (Internet of Things) enabled and the
depleted batteries are then kept at the station for charging which is connected to a grid.
5. The overall utilization of the battery will be much higher as it can also be used as a grid storage and grid stability
purposes when the batteries are in the battery swapping station. Secondly, the lithium-ion batteries can also be used
for other applications post the active life of EV.

6. Pay as you go facility will make it easier to calculate the expenses.

7. This initiative will also reduce the cost of EV manufacturers of owning, assembling and maintaining lithium-ion
batteries.

8. Less time spend on charging will result in more trips made by drivers, will eventually result in more revenues for the
EV hiring companies.
The key challenges of this business model of battery are
• 1. Standardization across OEMS and vehicle types 2W, 3W, 4W (we are
already trying to address this for DC charging CCS, GB/T, CHADEMO and
seeing the challenges there).
• 2. Ensuring availability – Learning from CNG retailing will be handy to
avoid similar situation with EVs.
• 3. Energy (electricity) availability when required.
The key challenges of this business model of battery are
• 4 .The success of this business model lies on the battery life of the
swapped batteries. Hence, the lower battery life due to high battery
degradation would create significant threat to this business model.
• 5. Since this is an evolving business model, there are new innovations
being bought in every month and investments in one type of technology
(for batteries or swapping stations) may be at risk once some players
bring in newer, much efficient and low-cost options.
Business Model
• There are two business models in which the Battery Swapping could
develop as shown below in these scenarios:

• 1. Fleet Operator Driven Battery Swapping Services Business Model

• 2. Battery Swapping Services Provider Driven Business Model
Fleet Operator Driven Battery Swapping Services Business
Model
Fleet Operator Driven Battery Swapping Services Business
Model
• Driven by fleet operators who may want to set up a 2W/3W/E-rickshaw
infrastructure network; either they may have their own vehicles or just
set up a network to cater to a host of drivers.
• Fleet operators decide on the type of vehicles and batteries - have key
negotiation power with vehicle OEM’s and battery suppliers as their
volumes are high.
• Fleet operators will set up battery swapping services infrastructure and
decide on the source of technology for swapping and the batteries as
well.
Battery Swapping Services Provider Driven Business
Model
Battery Swapping Services Provider Driven Business
Model
• Driven by battery swapping services provider who may want to set up a
2W/3W/e-rickshaw infrastructure network- They usually have a technology-
based solution (IoT/cloud-based solution, smart chargers & smart battery).
They may have their own in-house batteries or may source from a long-term
supplier based on their specifications as it is very essential for the battery to
interact with the systems (BMS play).
• Usually depends on the roll out plan of the battery swapping services
provider and they have full control of the operations – Battery Swapping may
be a very economical option for normal drivers and fleet operators and they
may rely entirely on the BSSP’s assessment of the battery/brand and the
technology.
The Fame II Policy and Battery Swapping Services
• The FAME II (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles)
policy was outlined in March 2019. While the policy as such was much
needed, there are some elements in the policy which could be altered
for better results. There is a general positive direction in the policy
towards demand subsidies and incentives for creating EV charging
infrastructure.
Battery Swapping Infrastructure Inclusion in FAME II:
• In the EV charging infrastructure side of the policy, which has an allocation of
INR 1,000 crs, in the notification dated 8th March, 2019, under the section
“Scheme Parameters: Charging Infrastructure”, it has points 32 to 37 which
has the points related to EV charging infrastructure.
• • Section 32 notes as – The Scheme envisages support for setting up of
adequate public charging infrastructure to instill confidence amongst EV
users, through active participation and involvement of various stakeholders
including Government agencies, industries and PSE’s.
• • And Section 36 notes as – Projects for charging infrastructure will also
include infrastructure projects required for extending electrification for
running of vehicles like pantograph charging, flash charging etc.
Cost of Infrastructure

• Cost Of Machine as per OEM 16 PACK 7,50,000/-

• No. of Units *4
• 16 UNIT 24 VOLT 30 AH / VOLT 48 VOLT – 60 AH

• ELECTRIC CONNECTION 250 KW 2,50,000 /-

• CIVIL WORKS 3000 SQ FT 3,50,000 /-
• LOAD 250 KW
Cost of Infrastructure

• Battery For Swapping Station 80 NO.S *50,000

▫ 24 VOLT / 30 AH
▫ 48 VOLT / 60 AH 40,00,000/-
▫ Application with Smart Card 100 3,40,000/-

▫ Total infrastructure cost 79,40,000/-

▫ Optional Consultancy 10,00,000/-
Running Cost
MARKETING AND AWARENESS
• DIGITAL MEDIA 35,000/-
• NEWS PAPER AND MANUAL 1,60,000/-
• 2 technician @ 25,000 6,00,000/-
• 1 accounts @ 15,000 1,80,000/-
• 2 helpers @ 12,000 2,88,000/-
• 1 security @ 12,000 1,44,000/-
• Total 14,07,000/-
Power consumption
• Total load 135 kw 135 units per hour
• Total working 20 hours 135 * 20 = 2700 units per day

• Cost of 1 unit 4.5 Rupees INR 4.5 *2700 = 12,150

Margin
• One Machine 16 SWAPS PER HOUR 20 HOURS WE TAKE 256
• No. of swaps per machine in a day 256 * 4 (total no. of machine) = 1024
• Total cost incurred in 50 rs charging
• 4.5 cost of electricity * 4 Units taken 18 /-
• TAKEN 50 RUPEES PER SWAP
• 32 RUPEES AS A MARGIN 32 *1024 = 32,768 * 300 DAYS =
• 98,30,400
Roi
• 98,30,400
• 79,40,000/-
• 14,07,000/-
• 4,83,400
• 33 %