Unit 9.

PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY

newsletter /ˈnjuːz.let.ər/ (n) bản tin

environmental /ɪn.vaɪ.rənˈmen.təl/ (adj) thuộc môi trường
editor /ˈed.ɪ.tər/ (n) người biên tập
preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ (v) bảo vệ, bảo tồn
preservation /prez.əˈveɪ.ʃən/ (n) sự bảo vệ, sự bảo tồn
confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ (adj) bối rối, dễ nhầm lẫn
impact /ˈɪm.pækt/ (n) tác động, ảnh hưởng
threat /θret/ (n) mối đe dọa
deforest /diːˈfɒr.ɪst/ (v) phá rừng
deforestation /diː.fɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən/ (n) sự phá rừng
global warming /ɡləʊ.bəl ˈwɔː.mɪŋ/ (n) sự nóng lên toàn
cầu
deplete /dɪˈpliːt/ (v) làm cạn kiệt
depletion /dɪˈpliː.ʃən/ (n) sự cạn kiệt
pollution /pəˈluː.ʃən/ (n) sự ô nhiễm
pollutant /pəˈluː.tənt/ (n) chất gây ô nhiễm
greenhouse effect /ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɪ.fekt/ (n) hiệu ứng nhà kính
polar ice /ˈpəʊ.lər/ /aɪs/ (n) băng ở cực
melt /melt/ (v) tan
non-renewable /nɒn.rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl/ (adj) không thể phục hồi
consume /kənˈsjuːm/ (v) tiêu thụ
consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ (n) sự tiêu thụ
contaminate /kənˈtæm.ɪ.neɪt/ (v) làm bẩn, làm nhiễm
contamination /kən.tæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ (n) sự làm bẩn, sự
nhiễm bẩn
protect /prəˈtekt/ (v) bảo vệ
severely /sɪˈvɪə.li/ (adv) tàn khốc
disposal /dɪˈspəʊ.zəl/ (n) sự vứt bỏ
rubbish /ˈrʌb.ɪʃ/ (n) rác thải
fertilizer /ˈfɜː.tɪ.laɪ.zər/ (n) phân bón
fertility /fəˈtɪl.ə.ti/ (n) sự màu mỡ
manure /məˈnjʊər/ (n) phân bón
arid /ˈær.ɪd/ (adj) khô cằn
vegetation /vedʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ (n) thực vật
destruction /dɪˈstrʌk.ʃən/ (n) sự phá hủy
ecosystem /ˈiː.kəʊ.sɪs.təm/ (n) hệ sinh thái
inorganic /ɪn.ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk/ (adj) vô cơ
agriculture /ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər/ (n) ngành nông nghiệp
chemical /ˈkem.ɪ.kəl/ (n/adj) hóa chất/ thuộc về hóa học
detergent /dɪˈtɜː.dʒənt/ (n) chất tẩy
pesticide /ˈpes.tɪ.saɪd/ (n) thuốc trừ sâu
sake /seɪk/ (n) lợi ích
habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/ (n) môi trường sống
degradation /deɡ.rəˈdeɪ.ʃən/ (n) sự suy thoái
degrade /dɪˈɡreɪd/ (v) làm suy thoái
erode /ɪˈrəʊd/ (v) xói mòn
erosion /ɪˈrəʊ.ʒən/ (n) sự xói mòn
extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/ (n) sự tuyệt chủng
biological /baɪ.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ (adj) thuộc về sinh học
sustainable /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/ (adj) bền vững
mission /ˈmɪʃ.ən/ (n) sứ mệnh
seashore /ˈsiː.ʃɔːr/ (n) bờ biển
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. REPORTED SPEECH
1. Statement: Câu tường thuật
Form:
S + said (to sb) + that + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: “I will come back tomorrow”, Mary said.
Mary said that she would come back the next day.
Note: said => said that / said to sb => told sb that
2. Command: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị
Form:
S+ asked / told + sb + (not) + to V
Ex: “Don't talk in class”, the teacher said to us.
The teacher told us not to talk in class.
3. Yes / No Questions
Form:
S + asked + (sb) + if / whether + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: "Can you speak English, Diep?", I asked.
 I asked Diep if she could speak English.

4. Wh-Question
Form:
S + asked + (sb) + Wh + Mệnh đề lùi thì
Ex: “Where are you from?”, he asked me.
He asked me where I were from.
5. Không lùi thì
Form:
S+ V (hiện tại) + (sb) + Mệnh đề không lùi thì
Ex: “I'm very exhausted now”, she says.
She says she is very exhausted now.
* BẢNG LÙI THÌ

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Simple past Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Future (will/shall) Future in the past (would/ should)
Near future (be going to V) Was/were going to V
Can Could
May Might
Must Had to
Needn’t Didn’t have to

* BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

this that
these those
here there
now then
ago before (earlier)
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next day
 the following day
the day after
yesterday the previous day
the day before
next + N the following + N
the N + after
last + N the previous + N
the N + before

PART 2: EXERCISES
A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. government B. borrowing C. program D. promotion
2. A. polar B. land C. impact D. animal
3. A. possession B. access C. property D. American
4. A. release B. easy C. threat D. increase
5. A. preserve B. conserve C. fossil D. discuss
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. protection B. charity C. chemical D. neighbourhood
2. A. submarine B. assignment C. disposal D. depletion
3. A. chemical B. solution C. disposal D. erosion
4. A. scientist B. chemical C. injury D. announcement
5. A. evidence B. principle C. allergy D. awareness
B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
I. Change into the reported speech.
1. He said “I have already read this book”.
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Tom said to his sister “I want to buy a gift for our mother”.
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Mrs. Brown said “Where are they living?"
______________________________________________________________________________
4. “Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?”
______________________________________________________________________________
6. “May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor.
______________________________________________________________________________
7. The manager said “Come into my office, please?
______________________________________________________________________________
8. “Do not get off the bus while it's going” said the driver.
______________________________________________________________________________
9. She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!”
______________________________________________________________________________
10. “Don't put your elbow on the table!” he said.
______________________________________________________________________________
II. Choose the correct words in the bracket to complete the sentences.
preserved forestation confused erosion
global environment attraction environmental

1. Scientists have tried to assess the impact of human activities on the ____________________________.
2. We should have _______________ plans to replace the trees cut down for farmland use in the region.
3. Oceanic oil spills become a major _______ problem, chiefly a result of intensified petroleum exploitation.
4. The rhino habitat has been perfectly _______________ in the region.
5. The students are somewhat _____________ by the usage of the words “preservation” and “conservation”.
6. Many climatologists believe that the decline in mountain glaciers is one of the first observation signs of
________________ warming.
7. Rising sea levels can add to the ___________________ of our coastlines.
8. Waste water has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist ___________, damaging the flora and fauna.
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. Jack asked me ____.
A. where do you come from? B. where I came from
C. where I come from D. where did I come from?
2. She asked me ____ I liked pop music.
A. when B. what C. if D. x
3. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
4. I wanted to know ____ return home.
A. when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would
5. Claire told me that her father ____ a race horse.
A. owns B. owned C. owning D. A and B
6. What did that man say ____?
A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you
7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ____ raining there.
A. is B. were C. has been D. was
8. The builders have ____ that everything will be ready on time.
A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising
9. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she'd been on holiday the ____ week.
A. ago B. following C. next D. previous
11. Fossil fuels which are non-renewable pollute the air and cause air ____.
A. pollution B. solution C. contaminate D. consumption
12. Recycling provides a method of reducing the amount of waste materials that gets to the landfills - thus
____ it less probable for environmental pollution to take place.
A. making B. doing C. causing D. trying
13. If wastes are thrown ____, they can cause pollution in water, land and air.
A. inappropriately B. disappointingly C. eco-friendly D. favourably
14. Trees not only bring nature to urban areas, but they also help clean the air by absorbing pollutants, ____
oxygen, ____ water, and grow food.
A. to provide - to save B. to provide - save
C. providing - saving D. provide - save
15. Air pollution is such a serious ____ that it has been a direct factor in the ____ of millions of people each
year.
A. threat - death B. threat - deaths C. threaten - death D. threaten - deaths
16. Sometimes it's better not to buy something new, and buy it ____ instead.
A. used B. usable C. use D. useful
17. He asked the children ____ the river.
A. don't pollute B. if they don't pollute
C. not to pollute D. not polluting
18. They asked me how many students ____ in the school.
A. there were B. were there C . there are D. are there
19. He told me that ____.
A. he would participate in the conservation campaign yesterday
B. he had participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
C. he participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
D. he has participated in the conservation campaign the previous day
20. He asked, “Why did she write the article on conservation?”
He asked why ____.
A. she had written the article on conservation B. she has written the article on conservation
C. she wrote the article on conservation D. did she write the article on conservation
IV. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to make the sentence correct.
1. The (A) deplete of the ozone layer (B) is not (C) a good thing (D) for the Earth.
2. We (A) need (B) to protect the (C) environmental for the (D) next generation.
3. Deforestation will lead (A) to the extinction of rare (B) animal due to the loss of (C) their habitats, and
(D) extreme floods and land erosion.
4. (A) Worldwide rainforest (B) preserve has (C) been the aim (D) of many environmentalists.
5. (A) Person should (B) make efforts to preserve the environment (C) for the sake of (D) themselves and
their children.
6. Environmental (A) pollute is (B) one of the greatest and most urgent (C) problems in modern (D) times.
7. Many countries (A) have signed up to international agreements (B) which aim (C) to reduce the negative
(D) impaction of climate change.
8. (A) Any amateur (B) gardener knows (C) plantation need two things (D) to survive: sunlight and water.
C. READING
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
World Environment Day which is (1) ____ on 5th June every year in an important day in the calendar
of the United Nations. It is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate for environmental (2) ____
and call for political action.
Every year, UNEP (the Environment Program of the United Nations) develops a theme which is
used globally to raise (3) ____ and call for support from governments, organizations, and individuals from
all over the world.
The theme for 2015 was "Seven Billion Dreams. One Planet. Consume with Care”. This would also
serve as the slogan for the World Environmental Day 2015. The meeting of this theme and slogan is that we
have five (4) ____ with more than seven billion people combined. Although we have about 7 billion people,
we just have one planet that we live and survive. The surface area is limited, shelter and food also limited. If
we continue using the available natural (5) ____ as we do today, our future generations may be (6) ____ to
go hungry and without homes. This is why it is of vital importance to consume (7) ____food that is
available with care. Stop the wastage and use whatever resource that is available according to need, not
greed.
“Join the race to make the world a better place” is the theme and (8) ____ for 2016 UN World
Environment Day. This slogan (9) ____ a clear message and asks everyone to get involved (10) ____
making the world a better place to live in.
1. A. found B. acted C. held D. celebrated
2. A. experience B. protection C. decrease D. pollution
3. A. feature B. activity C. ability D. awareness
4. A. areas B. continents C. plants D. stars
5. A. sources B. resources C. balances D. increase
6. A. had B. made C. forced D. accused
7. A. which B. whatever C. who D. what
8. A. slogan B. flag C. poster D. brand
9. A. requests B. asks C. carries D. depends
10. A. from B. to C. within D. in