Practice Packet: Unit 12 Organic Chemistry Lesson 6: Organic Reactions Objective ‘+ Differentiate between the types of organic reactions + Compose addition and substitution reactions 1. Combustion Reactions: Many organic compounds react with excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide {and water. On Table | of your reference tables, the fist six reactions are combustion reactions, Write @ balanced reaction forthe combustion of What are the identifying features of a combustion reaction? oO t avjanic compeund veactant "W304 Coz prodnet CKO ME MIC 2. Substitution: Saturated hydrocarbons (ALKANES) may replace on hydrogen atom in the molecule with another element (usually @ halogen) example C:He + Ch > GiHsCl + HCI Draw the structural formulas for the above reaction: -C-G + C1-0N > +6 *O- CE eet i ‘Complete the balanced reaction below for the substitution of bromine onto propane. Draw the structural formula er wun * § 1 HC-¢-0-H + BrBr > CEs + A-By HHA et ' What are the identifying features of a substitution reaction? + Satavaied Vydvocavbon + halogen Ye0Lant * Nalocavben product 18ee focice Packet: Unit 12 Organic Chemistry Z Aadition: Unsaturated hydrocarbons (ALKE NES of ALKYNES) can ofanalogen atthe so of double or tiple bond. When erage nice ae ono [ON When a halogen is added, the process is caled HALOGENATION Draw the structural formulas to Cite gas mula fo represent the folowing reaction Ce Conc Beets Oy, Be Now wnte structural formulas for the addition of Clz onto 2- butene. Draw the structural formula and ‘name the product. Notice that, unlike substitution, only one product is possible! + Ch — ca What are the identifying features of an addition reaction? / Untamrated ny disco veon 4 aatemce 4 eactant * WaleCavnon pre duct Polymerization: Large molecules can form when individual units of molecules (monomers) are chained together to form a polymer. Gp Fg The pincer rane mi peters) 4 What are the identifying features of polymerization? comands Domi ao per plece mony small pices ‘ompounds which have pleasant odors, They are formed by tne reaction 5. Esterification: Esters are cr between organic acids and alcohols éPractice Packet: Unit 12 Organic Chemistry Example Elhanow aad and methanol wil react to form methyl ethanoate. The structural formulas for this reaction are shown below Dehydration (water removed) Complete the esterification below by drawing the structural formula for the products. Name each reactant and product in the reaction. (Trick... redraw the alcohol with the OH an the left of the molecule as shown above) oe 8 Ho + wet 3 (+C-o-¢C-¢ + ae Aa ernane 6 eral amyl ethancalt au What are the identifying features of esterification? 1 OGM AA 4+ alCohot veuctant * eSitv + Watey produce 6. Fermentation: In the fermentation process, enzymes found in living things, such as yeast, convert carbohydrates (usually sugars) into carbon dioxide and alcohol What are the identifying features of a fermentation reaction? + Suga Veactant + (0 & alcoNel product 7. Saponification: The hydrolysis of fats by basis is saponification or soap-making. This process was made “famous” by a scene from the movie “Fight Club". The main characters in the film steal human fat {rom a liposuction clinic and react it with ye (NaOH) to form soap. 20practice Packet: Unit 12 Organic Chemistry The reaction looks tke this (CrtsCOO)GHs + 3NaQH — GsH(OH), + 3 GrHyCOONa What are the identifying features of a saponification reaction? + fgr 4 wale yeactant al conal + Coap prodeect 8. Cracking: Breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller chains by heating them Fossil ues are cracked into ‘many components such as octane (gasoline) propane, etc Example amnpih ——> “bad ean HEESCEEN «oH penn Pr ae en eenmorvi HAHA Serene : What are the identifying features of cracking? bg mevecut ive smaller Mees Name the reaction: A saturated alkane reacts with fluorine Subon MN ‘Small alkene chains connect to form larger alkane chains, eye iva ot fewws Wrahon ‘Sugar is decomposed to form an alcoho! Large hydrocarbons are heated and break ino smaler fragments Cuace ‘An unsaturated hydrocarbon reacts with bromine. ad Ahern ‘An alcohol and an organic acid are reacted ese (cdr Aca ‘Abase is added to a fat molecule to form a soap _{¢ bus SCN —__— Hydrocarbons are burned in the presence of oxygen Combo snr aro arone ahome Practice Packet: Unit 12 Organic Chemistry T Give he ol ora organe Compu wHH Ho H-G-¢-c-6-b-on hhh Ths compound is tase as an fisiapal” ah be chat il ier epee ) ester (Dy ongame acid A) propane 1B) propanal 2. Given the three organic structural formulas shown ©) propanol ) papenmns below: ‘5. Which formula correctly represents an ester? VTE itt A) CINCH:CHLOH B) CHyCOCHy i. pL. LTT" | Geancooens” by casci:coon Given the formula: ‘Which organic compound classes are represented by these structural formulas, a shown front left to right? A) ester, organic acid, ketone 1B) ester, aldehyde, organic acid ©) ketone, aldehyde alcohol This compound is classified as Desig apa - oe © anamine ‘D) aketone ! “aboot ey wobeb-o-bbiy ‘The compound represented by this formula ean be classified as an A) organic acid BY ether © ester D) aldehyde ‘ASSESS YOURSELF ON THIS LESSON: I you missed any practice questions you should see me for extra help and/or re-watch the lesson video,