Vietnam offers a unique set of advantages that make it an attractive destination for
foreign direct investment (FDI) compared to neighboring countries. These advantages
include a young, skilled labor force, competitive labor costs, a strategic geographical
location, a stable political environment, a network of free trade agreements, and an
expanding domestic market.
1. Young and Educated Workforce
• Argument: Vietnam possesses a youthful and increasingly educated
workforce, which is essential for industries requiring technical skills and adaptability to
modern technologies. This demographic advantage supports economic growth and
offers a strong labor pool for both manufacturing and service sectors.
• Evidence: Research by the International Labour Organization (ILO)
indicates that Vietnam’s workforce is becoming progressively skilled, especially in fields
such as information technology and engineering. This is a key attraction for
multinational corporations, as they seek skilled labor in emerging markets at lower costs
compared to developed nations (ILO, 2022).
• Example: Major technology companies, such as Samsung and LG, have
established substantial manufacturing operations in Vietnam, benefiting from the
country’s skilled labor force, which supports both production and R&D functions.
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2. Competitive Labor Costs
• Argument: Compared to other Southeast Asian countries and China,
Vietnam offers significantly lower labor costs, making it an attractive location for
companies seeking to minimize production expenses while maintaining quality.
• Evidence: According to a 2021 report from the World Bank, average labor
costs in Vietnam are nearly 50% lower than in China, giving Vietnam a competitive edge
as businesses diversify their supply chains and seek cost-effective production bases in
Asia.
• Example: Global brands such as Nike and Adidas have moved large
portions of their manufacturing to Vietnam to take advantage of the lower labor costs,
which in turn supports their cost competitiveness in global markets.
3. Strategic Geographical Location
• Argument: Vietnam’s geographic location along key shipping routes in the
South China Sea facilitates efficient trade with major economies, including China,
Japan, and the United States. This proximity to global shipping lanes reduces
transportation costs and enhances logistical efficiency.
• Evidence: Studies indicate that Vietnam’s location makes it an ideal hub
for companies aiming to establish manufacturing operations that serve both regional
and global markets (Asia Development Bank, 2021).
• Example: Companies such as Intel and Foxconn have established
production facilities in Vietnam, leveraging its location to import raw materials and
export finished goods efficiently to key markets worldwide.
4. Stable Political Environment and Supportive Government Policies
• Argument: Vietnam’s political stability, coupled with a government
committed to economic reforms, creates a favorable climate for long-term investment.
The government has proactively introduced policies to attract FDI, including tax
incentives and land-use rights.
• Evidence: The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) reports that Vietnam’s political stability is a significant factor in its FDI
attraction strategy, with policies aimed at creating a transparent and predictable
environment for foreign businesses (UNCTAD, 2021).
• Example: Vietnam’s government has provided tax breaks and other
incentives for foreign companies, resulting in an influx of investment in sectors like
manufacturing and technology, where companies require stability to make substantial
investments.
5. Extensive Network of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)
• Argument: Vietnam’s proactive participation in multiple FTAs has
enhanced its access to international markets and reduced trade barriers, making it an
attractive location for export-driven industries.
• Evidence: Vietnam is a signatory to key trade agreements, including the
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and
the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). These agreements reduce tariffs and
create preferential market access, offering companies in Vietnam a competitive
advantage for exports (Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 2022).
• Example: European companies, in particular, have increased investments
in Vietnam following the EVFTA, as it allows them to export goods to the European
Union with reduced tariffs, enhancing profitability.
Dẫn nguồn kĩ
In conclusion, Vietnam’s combination of a young workforce, competitive labor costs,
strategic location, political stability, favorable trade agreements, and expanding
consumer market makes it a compelling destination for FDI. These factors provide
Vietnam with a competitive advantage in attracting foreign investment, positioning the
country as an increasingly important player in Southeast Asia’s economic landscape
- Minh Quân : Intro, Outro, Contents, Mục 2
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