Ingrid Daubechies

Baroness Ingrid Daubechies (/doʊbəˈʃiː/ doh-bə-

SHEE;[1] French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Ingrid Daubechies
Belgian-American physicist and mathematician. She is
best known for her work with wavelets in image
compression.

Daubechies is recognized for her study of the

mathematical methods that enhance image-
compression technology. She is a member of the
National Academy of Engineering,[2] the National
Academy of Sciences[3] and the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences.[4] She is a 1992 MacArthur Fellow.
Daubechies at the ICM 2018
She also served on the Mathematical Sciences jury for
the Infosys Prize from 2011 to 2013. Born 17 August 1954
Houthalen-Helchteren,
The name Daubechies is widely associated with the Belgium
orthogonal Daubechies wavelet and the biorthogonal Alma mater Vrije Universiteit Brussel
CDF wavelet. A wavelet from this family of wavelets
Known for Wavelets
is now used in the JPEG 2000 standard.
Awards MacArthur Fellowship (1992)
Her research involves the use of automatic methods NAS Award in Mathematics
from both mathematics, technology, and biology to (2000)
extract information from samples such as bones and Noether Lecturer (2006)
teeth.[5] She also developed sophisticated image Leroy P. Steele Prize (2011)
processing techniques used to help establish the Nemmers Prize in
authenticity and age of some of the world's most Mathematics (2012)
famous works of art, including paintings by Vincent BBVA Foundation Frontiers of
van Gogh and Rembrandt.[6] Knowledge Award (2012)
L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women
Daubechies is on the board of directors of Enhancing in Science Award (2019)
Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE), a program Princess of Asturias Award
that helps women entering graduate studies in the (2020)
mathematical sciences. She was the first woman to be Wolf Prize in Mathematics
president of the International Mathematical Union (2023)
(2011–2014).[7] She became a member of the Scientific career
Academia Europaea in 2015.[8]
Fields Mathematician
Physicist
Institutions Duke University
Early life and education Princeton University
Rutgers University
Daubechies was born in Houthalen, Belgium, as the Doctoral Jean Reignier
daughter of Simonne Duran (a criminologist) and advisor Alex Grossmann
[9]
Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer). She Doctoral Anna Gilbert
remembers that when she was a little girl and could not students Rachel Ward
sleep, she did not count numbers, as one would expect Cynthia Rudin
from a child, but started to multiply numbers by two
from memory. Thus, as a child, she already familiarized herself with the properties of exponential growth.
Her parents found out that mathematical conceptions, such as cone and tetrahedron, were familiar to her
before she reached the age of six. She excelled at the primary school and was moved up a grade after only
three months. After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt,[10] she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at
age 17.[11]

Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975.
During the next few years, she visited the CNRS Center for Theoretical Physics in Marseille several
times, where she collaborated with Alex Grossmann; this work was the basis for her doctorate in quantum
mechanics.[11] She obtained her PhD in theoretical physics in 1980 at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.[12]

Career
After completing her doctorate, Daubechies continued her research career at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel
until 1987, rising through the ranks to positions roughly equivalent with research assistant-professor in
1981 and research associate-professor 1985, funded by a fellowship from the NFWO (Nationaal Fonds
voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek).[13]

Daubechies spent most of 1986 as a guest-researcher at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in
New York. At Courant she made her best-known discovery: based on quadrature mirror filter-technology
she constructed compactly supported continuous wavelets that would require only a finite amount of
processing, in this way enabling wavelet theory to enter the realm of digital signal processing.[13][14]

In July 1987, Daubechies joined Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. In 1988, she published the
result of her research on orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets in Communications on Pure
and Applied Mathematics.[11][15]

In 1991, Daubechies was appointed as a professor at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, where she
taught in their mathematics department.[12] She remained there through 1994.

Daubechies moved to Princeton University in 1994, where she was active within the program in applied
and computational mathematics. In 2004, she was named as the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor there.[16]
She was the first woman to become a full professor of mathematics at Princeton.[6]

In January 2011, Daubechies moved to Duke University to serve as the James B. Duke Professor in the
department of mathematics and electrical and computer engineering at Duke University.[17] In 2016, she
and Heekyoung Hahn[18] founded Duke Summer Workshop in Mathematics (SWIM) for rising high
school seniors who were female.[19][20]
In 2020 and 2021 Daubechies, along with fiber artist Dominique Ehrmann, led a team of mathematicians
and artists who collectively built the touring art and math installation known as Mathemalchemy.[21]

Mathematical skills applied to fine art

Daubechies has used mathematical techniques on multiple art restoration projects. Her team worked on
restoring the Ghent Altarpiece, a massive fifteenth-century work of art consisting of 12 panels that are
attributed to the brothers Hubert and Jan van Eyck. Daubechies and several colleagues developed new
mathematical techniques to both reverse the effects of aging upon the artworks and untangle and remove
the effects of past ill-fated conservation efforts. Using highly precise photographs and X-rays of the
panels as well as various filtering methods, the team of mathematicians found an automatic way to detect
the cracks caused by aging. They also were able to decipher the apparent text of the polyptych, which was
attributed to Thomas Aquinas.

Daubechies and her collaborators also contributed to the restoration of the fourteenth-century Saint John
Altarpiece by Francescuccio Ghissi in the North Carolina Museum of Art, applying some of the
techniques they discovered working on the Ghent Altarpiece restoration. With this project the
mathematicians used machine-learning algorithms to separate features.[22]

Awards and honors

Daubechies received the Louis Empain Prize for Physics in 1984. It is awarded once every five years to a
Belgian scientist on the basis of work done before the age of 29.[23]

In 1992, she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship and in 1993, she was elected to the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences.[24][25] In 1994, she received the American Mathematical Society Steele
Prize for Exposition for her book, Ten Lectures on Wavelets,[23] and was invited to give a plenary lecture
at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Zurich. In 1997, she was awarded the AMS Ruth
Lyttle Satter prize.[26][27] In 1998, she was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences[28]
and won the Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation from the IEEE Information Theory
Society.[29] She became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in
1999.[30]

In 2000, Daubechies became the first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in
Mathematics, presented every four years for excellence in published mathematical research.[31] The
award honored her "for fundamental discoveries on wavelets and wavelet expansions and for her role in
making wavelets methods a practical basic tool of applied mathematics".[32] She was awarded the Basic
Research Award of the German Eduard Rhein Foundation[33][34] as well as the NAS Award in
Mathematics.[35] In 2003, Daubechies was elected to the American Philosophical Society.[36]

In January 2005, Daubechies became the third woman since 1924 to give the Josiah Willard Gibbs
Lecture sponsored by the American Mathematical Society. Her talk was on "The Interplay Between
Analysis and Algorithm".[14] Daubechies was the 2006 Emmy Noether Lecturer at the San Antonio Joint
Mathematics Meetings.[37] In September 2006, the Pioneer Prize from the International Council for
Industrial and Applied Mathematics was awarded jointly to Daubechies and Heinz Engl.[14]
In 2010, she was awarded an honorary doctorate by The Norwegian University of Science and
Technology (NTNU).[38] In 2011, Daubechies was the SIAM John von Neumann Lecturer,[39] and was
awarded the IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal,[40] the Leroy P. Steele Prize for Seminal
Contribution to Research from the American Mathematical Society,[41] and the Benjamin Franklin Medal
in Electrical Engineering from the Franklin Institute.[42] In 2012, King Albert II of Belgium granted
Daubechies the title of Baroness.[43] She also won the 2012 Nemmers Prize in Mathematics awarded by
Northwestern University,[44] and the 2012 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Basic
Sciences category (jointly with David Mumford).[14]

Daubechies gave the Gauss Lecture of the German Mathematical Society in 2015.[45] The Simons
Foundation, a private foundation based in New York City that funds research in mathematics and the
basic sciences, gave Daubechies the Math + X Investigator award, which provides money to professors at
American and Canadian universities to encourage new partnerships between mathematicians and
researchers in other fields of science.[7] She was the one to suggest to Simons that the foundation should
fund better mechanisms for interpreting existing data, rather than new research.[46] Also in 2015,
Daubechies was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for "contributions to the
mathematics and applications of wavelets".[2]

In 2018, Daubechies won the William Benter Prize in Applied Mathematics from City University of Hong
Kong (CityU). She is the first woman to be the recipient of the award. Prize officials cited the pioneering
work of Daubechies in wavelet theory and her "exceptional contributions to a wide spectrum of scientific
and mathematical subjects" and noted that "her work in enabling the mobile smartphone revolution is
truly symbolic of the era".[47] Also in 2018, Daubechies was awarded the Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award
($440,000) for her work on wavelets.[48]

She is part of the 2019 class of fellows of the Association for Women in Mathematics.[49][50] Daubechies
was named the North American Laureate of 2019 L'Oréal-UNESCO International Award For Women in
Science. Since 1998, the annual worldwide award recognizes five outstanding women in chemistry,
physics, materials science, mathematics, and computer science.[51][52] Also in 2019, she became a
member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[53]

Daubechies received the Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research in 2020.[54]

In 2023, she was awarded the Wolf Prize in Mathematics "for work in wavelet theory and applied
harmonic analysis”. [55] She was the first woman to receive this award.[56]

In 2024, Daubechies received an honorary Doctor of Sciences from University of Pennsylvania[57] and a
honorary degree from Amherst College.[58]

Daubechies has been awarded The Bakerian Medal and Lecture 2025 for her work on wavelets and image
compression and her exceptional contributions to a wide spectrum of physical, technological, and
mathematical applications.[59]

Personal life
In 1985, Daubechies met mathematician Robert Calderbank when he was on a three-month exchange
visit from Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey to the Brussels-based mathematics division of
Philips Research. They married in 1987.[60] They have two children, Michael Calderbank and Carolyn
Calderbank.[60]

Publications
Ten Lectures on Wavelets (https://archive.org/details/tenlecturesonwav0000daub).
Philadelphia: SIAM. 1992. ISBN 0-89871-274-2.[61]
Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/
10.1002/cpa.3160410705)[62] 1988, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Journal: Communications on
Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume41, Issue 7.
D. Aerts and I. Daubechies, A connection between propositional systems in Hilbert spaces
and von Neumann algebras (https://services.math.duke.edu/~ingrid/publications/hpa-52-197
9.pdf),[63] Helv. Phys. Acta, 52, pp. 184–199, 1979.
D. Aerts and I. Daubechies, A characterization of subsystems in physics (https://services.ma
th.duke.edu/~ingrid/publications/LMP_3_1979.pdf),[63] Lett. Math. Phys., 3 (1), pp. 11–17,
1979.
Iteratively reweighted least squares minimization for sparse recovery (https://onlinelibrary.wil
ey.com/doi/10.1002/cpa.20303)[64] 2009, Periodicals, Inc. Journal: Communications on Pure
and Applied Mathematics, Volume 63, Issue1.
Cohen, I. Daubechies, and A. Ron, How smooth is the smoothest function in a given
refinable space? (https://services.math.duke.edu/~ingrid/publications/ACHA_3_1996.pd
f),[63] Appl. Comp. Harm. Anal., 3 (1), pp. 87–89, 1996.
I. Daubechies, S. Jaffard, and J.L. Journe, A simple Wilson orthonormal basis with
exponential decay (https://services.math.duke.edu/~ingrid/publications/SIAM22-1991.pd
f),[63] SIAM J. Math. Anal., 22 (2), pp. 554–572, 1991.

Applications
Image compression
Digital cinema
Digital art restoration (https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2019/06/12/making-wavelets-a-prof
ile-of-ingrid-daubechies/)[65]
Biological morphology[66]

References

Citations
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Attribution
This article incorporates material from Ingrid Daubechies on PlanetMath, which is licensed
under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

External links
Ingrid Daubechies (https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=44561) at the Mathematics
Genealogy Project
I. Daubechies, A Different Way to Look at Subband Coding (http://web.njit.edu/~akansu/s1.h
tm), NJIT Symposium on Multi-Resolution Signal Decomposition Techniques: Wavelets,
Subbands and Transforms, April 1990.
An Interview with Ingrid Daubechies (http://www.girlsangle.org/page/bulletin.html) in the
Girls' Angle Bulletin, volume 1, number 6 and volume 2, numbers 1 through 4.
"Ingrid Daubechies", Biographies of Women Mathematicians (http://www.agnesscott.edu/lrid
dle/women/daub.htm), Agnes Scott College
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Ingrid Daubechies" (https://mathshistory.st-andr
ews.ac.uk/Biographies/Daubechies.html), MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive,
University of St Andrews
Ingrid Daubechies' homepage (http://fds.duke.edu/db/aas/math/faculty/ingrid) at Duke
University
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