CANCER
-
-
Etymocoay
Hippocrates was the pint person to me the word cancer
.
Kankinos & Kankinome -
Grah words - > tumors
2 worldwide
Cancer is the came
of death
.
Lung ,
lives , stomach-most common caneus
lungs breast -
I most common
&NCER-Lange group of disease that stent almost
can
any organ
or turns
thin
of the
body when abnormal cells
grow uncontrollably ,beyond
go
und boundaries to imad
adjoining parts of the
body and/or speal
to other
organs
-
process is called
the latter
metastasizing and is a
major cause of
death
from cancu
Uncontrolled alls Tumor
growth of in Turmer -
1
BENIGN MALIGNANT
BRAINGS -
C
CANCERS
TRADIRONAL -CARCINOMA
CLASSIFICATION - SARCOMA
OF CANCER -
LEUKEMIA
I
LYMPHOMAS
CARCIWOMA-Aried from epithelial
alls
Most common
-Most lokly tobe exposed to
-
car-Whyan aam
80%
&
-
o flia
carcinoma [Skin Cancer)
SSquamous all priferation
So
all
Types -
Adenocarcinoma
(Glandular Time (Bet Pear Uterus s Intenti Sch , .
Lunge)
Transitional all Carcinomar
-
, , ,
F
& Basal (Urinary Bladder Ureter Urethre Crater Pelvir)
cell carcinoma
,
, ,
(skin Canen)
(Bone Cancn)
&
Bowe Sarcoma CHONDROSARCOMA
Types of - RMABDOMYOSARCOMA
SARCOMA
-
Soft Tissue Sarcoma
(Contage Skeletal
I ,
ANGIOSARCOMA Blood Smooth muscle Ador
-
Vend) ,
Time)
LYPOSARCOMA- Adipose Time I LEIOMYOSARCOMA
LEEEMIA Canens of Blood Cells
-
LYMPHOMAS Non-Hujkin Lymphome
3 Lymphala
-
Cancers
MYECOMAS Multiple
Myeloma
-
BRAINSS C
Glyoma
. -
EMocoay of CARCINOGENESIS
CANCER CAUSING FACTORS
ShiponisFactors blastoma
Montages
Children RetinolSee
Age => + 50 yes E
~Breast Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Physical & Radiation
Enagy
Mendity Chemical
carcinogers
-
a
Li-Frame
7APApa
-Syndrome
Environmental Pactors
-
Biological Carcinogens
if Ligan Smoking -
Aromatic hydrocarbons ,
nicotine , Carbon monoxide , Nitrogen drovde ,
Glutathions
Causes
S-transfer
cancer
In India of Grab
Tobacco chewing 20 % cane
-
Alcohol consumption
Dietay-Afiatosin/Liver & Hepatic Cance
Occupational
Therapeutic drugs
ANTI CANCER SUBSTANCES
Genual Substances Beta carotene Vitamin - C, A
Anticoncinogenic E
Lycopene
-
, .
,
Quercetin inhibite
>
Rosi
-
Anticancer prorate
-
as
Substances
scavenger
a
(Antioxidants) Clarcinogens) anticarcinogenic >
-
Singin inhibits
Pancratic cancer
16thMay ,
21 Dr Gamesi
-
Mecular Biology o C
Major features of cancer all
-Self sufficiency in growth Signating
Evasion of
growthiupression
-
Activation of invasion and metastasis
himitten replicative growth potential
-
Resistance to apoptos
-
rsel
Induction of Blood .
growth
Biochemical & Genetic changes that occur in human cancer .
cells
-
Mutations
Abnormal cell
cycle
-
chromosomal abnormalities
-
Inactivation of tumo suppor genes antiration of oncogenes
.
Chomatin
epigenetic changes
.
-
gene transcription
Alterations in
of mRNAs
&NC RWAs
-
Phenotypic change towards stor cell projects
-
Inward Homean
activity
.
-
Re-appearance of
extain fetal antigene
.
Appearance of abnormal chairs in
glycoproteins and
glycolifide
-
sugar
-
Deceased adherior vie
effects on CAMs
.
-Increased metastisize.
propensity to
-
Release of exosome
.
biomarker
angiogenes factors
-
that at the ECM
.
enzyme
on
Alterations of Metabolism
CANCER CRITICAL GENES
Onco GENES Tumon Suppressor Genes
↓ ↓
Gain of Function Mulation Loss of Function Mutation
PROTO ONCOGENE - >
ANCOGENE
& Increased
GROWTH >
-
CANCER
Tumor
SUPRESSOR >
-
INALTUATION
>
- RATE
GENE
ProxoOncogene ?
Regulate (a) produces proteins that regulates normal all
growth
and
development .
Oncogenes
-
- can be
defined as an altered
gene
whos
product acts
dominantly to accelerate all
growth (a) all division
>
-
Omogans an
generated by "activation" of normal cellular
proto-oncogenes
,
that is ,
gene encoding growth-stimulating protein
.
S
Example of ways by which oncoputeins work
Growth
Factor
For e
Grout
O
- >
-
E-G-protein
↑
signal Transduce
Tumor
Sufrenor Gene
Inatuated by mutations and deletions resulting in
II
-
the loss
of function of the
protein and in unregulated all growth
Gate
Caretaker
Keeper
1) Gatekeeper I control all proliferations include mainly genes
that actto
regulate all cycle & apoptosis.
2) Caretaker Products
genet ore concured with
framing the
integrity of the
genous
316
Tumor MARKERs
Biochemical tut often helpful
one in the
management of
patient withcer
-
abnormal
-
Many cancers an anociated with production of enzymes potems homore .
,
that can be meanned in flasma or servin
.
-The humor marke must ideally the population detect
be unful for screening to
cancers
.
- In practin however this has not been As such the tumor marke
totally . , support
diagnos of cance being unful for monitoring
the besides the to
, response
therapy & for the early detection for recurrence
.
Ext Onco-Fortal antigens :
-
Carcinoembyogenic antigens-Cancer of Colon Stomach Lung
-
, ,
Pancreas Breast
x-feto proteins-Cana of do testis
,
cells
.
-
lives & Germ
-
Cancer
antigen 125 (CA-125) -
Ovarian cancer
Hormones
HCG -
Human Chorionic Conadotropin-Choriocarcinoma
Calcitonin -
Concinome
of medullary thyroid
Catecholamin & metabolites (Mainly Vanilly) -
Neuroblastoma ,
pheochromocytoma
Enzymes
Prostate acid thosphotos -
Prostate care
Nemon specific enclass - Nemoblastime
Alkaline Phosphatar -
Alp
Specific Proteins
Benzedome plus
Prostat
specific antigen-Immunoglobuline for multifhmyeloma .
Significant elevation of some of the biomarkers seen in
variety of non-cancerous conditions
.
Ex : PSAM in Prostitis .
Benign prostitic Hyperplasia
People with relative chalitis & serves
THERAPEUTICS
10 Cancer
Therapy include
-Classical chemotherapeutic drugs alkalizing agents ,platinum
complexes anti-metabolites
, ,
mitotic spindle poisons among otherclaws of
chemical compounds
Methotrexate
6-mercapto prine
-
6-thioguanine
-
Mitomycin
-
Artinomycin-D-Blocks the transmission
-
-
Vinblastine & Vincristine
-
Cisplastin
-
Imatinik
It is
important to appreciate the just like other therapeutics
-
Sometimes there seven . Resistence develop after variable
,
are to
many drugs can
seclected in
friod of time through therapy drive are
genetic changes
.
Humor celly
recenthropy - Immunotherap
