THE EASY WAYS TO
ANSWER TOEFL TYPES
QUESTIONS OF READING
COMPREHENSION
Group 1
Arjuna Blessdio Simanjuntak (112240150)
Rafael Reynaldo Gomgomtua Napitupulu (112240154)
Nathania Chiquita Dewi (112240166)
Ghefira Lasya Ramadani (112240180)
Group-1 Content!
Subject
Definition of reading comprehension and reading
comphrension of TOEFL
Questions types of reading comprehension for TOEFL
Easy ways to answer factual information questions
Easy ways to answer negative factual information
questions
Easy ways to answer inference questions
Easy ways to answer rhetorical purpose questions
Easy ways to answer vocabluary questions
Easy ways to answer reference questions
Easy ways to answer sentence simplification questions
Easy ways to answer insert text questions
Group-1
Goals
Students can be able to apply the reading comprehension
for TOEFL strategies through identifying, analyzing,
understanding, and comprehending the structures,
terminologies, messages, and any contents of Mining
Passages by answering some questions related to those
passages.
Goals
Reading Comprehension
Reading comprehension is the ability to read text, process it and understand its
meaning.
This understanding of the meaning of text comes from the interaction between
the words that are written in a text and how they trigger knowledge about the
message outside the text.
On the TOEFL Reading section, test takers are not expected to give their
interpretation of what they've read. They are not required to analyze what
they've read. All they're asked to do is simply find the right answer to the
question in the passage or, in some cases, infer what must be true based on
informacion provided in the passage. The Reading section can be difficult for
readers/test takers who think too much beyond what is written in the passage.
Question Types of Reading Comprehension for TOEFL
1. Factual Information questions
2. Negative Factual Information
questions
3. Inference questions
4. Rhetorical Purpose questions
5. Vocabulary questions
6. Reference questions
7. Sentence Simplification questions
8. Insert Text questions
Easy ways to answer factual information questions
Here are some tips for answering factual information
questions:
Identify keywords
Use scanning techniques
Read carefully
Compare to answer choices
Be aware of wrong answers
Guess if you need to
Factual questions are used to establish basic facts and
review concepts. They often include "who", "what",
"when", "where", "why", or "how much"
Example
Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. In modern mining
practices, there are several methods used depending on the location and type of resource. Open-pit mining is one of
the most common methods used for extracting minerals near the surface. It involves the removal of large quantities of
soil and rock to access the valuable minerals beneath. However, open-pit mining can cause significant environmental
damage, including deforestation, habitat destruction, and water contamination.
Another method, underground mining, is used when minerals are located deeper in the earth. This method involves
the construction of tunnels and shafts to access the deposits. While underground mining is less destructive to the
environment than open-pit mining, it is more dangerous for miners due to the risk of tunnel collapses and exposure to
harmful gases.
Reclamation is an essential part of the mining process. After mining operations have ceased, the land must be restored
to a usable condition. This can involve replacing the soil, planting vegetation, and treating contaminated water.
Reclamation efforts are crucial for minimizing the long-term environmental impacts of mining.
Question: Which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of open-pit mining?
A. It reduces the amount of vegetation.
B. It is safer for miners than underground mining.
C. It causes less environmental damage than underground mining.
D. It does not require reclamation efforts.
Easy ways to answer negative factual information questions
Tips for Negative Factual Information Questions
Usually a Negative Factual Information question requires you to check more of the passage
than Factual Information question. The three choices that are mentioned in the pass
Factual Information question Factual Information questionage may be spread across a
paragraph or several paragraphs.
In Negative Factual Information questions, the correct answer either directly contradicts
one or more statements in the pasage or is not mentioned in the pasage at all.
After you finish a Negative Factual Information Question, check your answer to make sure
you have accurately understood the task.
Example
Mining is crucial for accessing valuable resources such as metals and minerals. However, the mining industry is
not without its challenges and negative impacts. One significant issue is the environmental degradation caused
by mining activities. For instance, open-pit mining can result in large-scale deforestation and the destruction of
habitats. This method also frequently leads to soil erosion and water contamination. Furthermore, the dust and
emissions from mining operations can contribute to air pollution and negatively affect the health of nearby
communities.
While underground mining minimizes surface disruption, it still poses risks such as subsidence, which can lead to
ground instability and damage to surface structures. Both methods require effective management practices to
mitigate these adverse effects. The industry has made strides in developing better environmental regulations and
reclamation techniques to address these concerns, but challenges remain.
Question: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a negative impact of mining in the passage?
A. Soil erosion caused by open-pit mining.
B. Air pollution from mining emissions.
C. Increased groundwater levels from underground mining.
D. Destruction of habitats due to deforestation.
Inference Question
In an "Inference" question, you will see the question phrased something like the
following: In paragraph 5, what does the author imply about ….? or What can be
inferred from paragraph 5? In this type of question, the answer is not directly
stated in the reading passage. It requires you to draw conclusions based on
information that is given in the passage. You need to find out the correct
conclusion from the choices
To solve an inferences question, consider
following these steps:
1. Step 1: Separate the text into bullet
points.
2. Step 2: Examine the argument.
3. Step 3: Explore the choices.
4. Step 4: Select the choice that
strengthens the argument.
Example
Mining is a key industry for obtaining valuable minerals and metals, but it often comes with significant
environmental costs. In particular, surface mining techniques such as open-pit mining can lead to extensive
land disturbance. The removal of large volumes of soil and rock can disrupt ecosystems and result in habitat
loss. Furthermore, the management of waste materials and runoff from these operations is challenging and can
lead to contamination of nearby water sources. Although technological advancements have improved safety
and efficiency, the environmental impacts of mining remain a major concern.
Question: What can be inferred about the relationship between technological advancements and the
environmental impacts of mining?
A. Technological advancements have completely eliminated the environmental impacts of mining.
B. While technology has improved mining efficiency, it has not fully addressed environmental concerns.
C. Technological advancements have increased the environmental damage caused by mining.
D. The environmental impacts of mining are unrelated to technological advancements.
Easy ways to answer vocabluary questions
Tips for Vocabulary Questions
Remember that the question is not just asking the meaning of a word; it is asking the
meaning as it is used in the passage. Do not choose an answer just because it can be a correct
meaning of the word; understand which meaning the author is using in the passage.
Example
Mineral exploration is a critical process in identifying valuable mineral deposits. This process
involves various techniques, including geological surveys, geochemical analysis, and
geophysical measurements. One key aspect of exploration is the assessment of mineral
potential, which requires a thorough understanding of geological formations and their mineral
content. Geologists often use drilling to obtain samples from beneath the surface, which are
then analyzed to determine the presence and concentration of valuable minerals. Accurate
data collection and analysis are essential for making informed decisions about further
exploration and potential mining operations.
Question: In the context of the passage, what does the word "assess" most nearly mean?
A. To ignore
B. To evaluate
C. To exploit
D. To distribute
Easy ways to answer reference questions
Tips for Reference Questions
If the reference question is about a pronoun, make sure your answer is the same
number (singular or plural) and case (first person, second person, third person) as the
highlighted pronoun.
Substitute your choice for the highlighted word or words in the sentence. Does it
violate any grammar rules? Does it make sense?
Example
Coal is a fossil fuel that has been used for centuries as an energy source. It is primarily composed of
carbon and is found in various forms, including anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite. The
extraction of coal involves mining, which can be done through surface or underground methods. Surface
mining is typically used for deposits that are close to the earth's surface, while underground mining is
employed for deeper deposits. The choice of mining method depends on the depth and quality of the
coal deposit. Each type of coal has different properties and uses, ranging from electricity generation to
steel production.
Question: In the passage, what does the word "it" refer to in the first sentence?
A. Fossil fuel
B. Carbon
C. Energy source
D. Coal
Easy ways to answer Rhetorical Purpose questions
Tips for Rhetorical Purpose Questions
Know the definitions of these words or phrases, which are often used to
describe different kinds of rhetorical purposes: ‘definition,’ ‘example,’ to
illustrate,’ ‘to explain,’ ‘to contrst,’ ‘to refute,’ ‘to note,’ ‘to criticize,’ ‘function
of.’
Rhetorical Purpose questions usually do not ask about the overall
organization of the reading passage. Instead, they typically focus on the
logical link between sentences and paragraphs.
Example
The special characteristics of metals, such as hardness, strength, flexibility, and weight are called
its properties. By the process of alloying, it is possible to create materials with the exact
combination of properties for a particular use. In the aircraft industry, there is a need for metals
that are both strong and light. Steel is strong but too heavy, whereas aluminum is light but not
strong. By alloying aluminum with copper and other metals, a material that is strong enough to
withstand the stresses of flight, but light enough to reduce the cost of fuel to lift the craft is
created. By alloying steel with nickel and chromium, the steel alloy that
results is not only lighter but also stronger than solid steel.
Q: Why does the author use the example of the aircraft industry?
A. To show that alloys can be very useful in aircraft industry.
B. To describe that the strong and hard steel can be softer with alloying process.
C. To demonstrate how alloys can be used to solve industrial problems.
D. To expose that aircraft industry is the development of craft industry.
E. To prove that alloying process is very important in industry.
Easy ways to answer Sentence Simplification questions
Tips for Sentence Simplification Questions
Make sure you understand both ways a choice can be incorrect:
1. It contradicts something in the highlighted sentence.
2. It leave out something important from the highlighted sentence.
Make sure your answer does not contradict the main argument of the
paragraph in which the sentence occurs, or the passage as a whole.
Example
Bottlenecks are the main hurdle that stops mining companies from getting all the money instantly – if
there were no such constrains, a company could mine and process the orebody in one year to get all
the cash immediately and to achieve an excellent NPV. As a result, it is not only the amount of money
in an orebody that is important, but also the rate at which the cash can be realised – this is determined
by the bottlenecks. Mining companies need to study, understand and manage the economic
bottlenecks to maximize the value of the mine.
Q: Which of the following expresses about the expression of “– if there were no such constrains, a
company could mine and process the orebody in one year to get all the cash immediately and to
achieve an excellent NPV “ as stated in line 2-3 of the paragraph above?
A. The company should wait in year’s time to get the profit from the mine.
B. To get the NPV on time, the mining company should have extra time.
C. The mining process of orebody cannot be done in one year.
D. It’s a conditional situation for the company to face reality.
E. None of all the answers are appropriate.
Easy ways to answer Insert Text questions
Tips for Insert Text Questions
Try the sentence in each of the places indicated by blank parentheses. You can place
and replace the sentence as many as you want.
Look at both the structure of the sentence you are inserting and the logic. Pay special
attention to logical connecting words; they can provide important information about
where the sentence should be placed.
Frequently used connecting words: On the other hand; For example; On the contrary;
Similarly; In contrast; Further, or Furthermore; Therefore; In other word; As a result;
Finally
Make sure that the inserted sentence connects logically to both the sentence before it
and the sentence after it.
Example
The primary problem for the exploration geologist is finding anomalous mineral
accumulations in accessible locations with grades that will make their extraction,
processing,and marketing profitable. [............] (A) Exploration concessions are registered
regularly by the thousands, primarily in developing countries. Most are simple “land play” by
junior
companies or the hope of an old-time prospector to own a mine. [............] (B)
Q: Where would the following sentence best fit?
References
https://www.matrix.edu.au/beginners-guide-year-7-8-english/part-9-how-answer-comprehension-questions/
https://www.bestmytest.com/blog/toefl/toefl-reading-question-types
LESTA-English for Mining Engineering-2020
Group 1
THANK YOU
Any questions?
