BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND LIBERAL ARTS
DEPARTMENT OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Baguio City
BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY
3
DIALYSIS Neatness of the report (5)
Secretary : Daganos, Completeness (5)
Juliane
Date performed : August 13, 2019 Accuracy of the data (5)
1 Date submitted
2019
: August 15, Punctuality
(5)
Name of %Investm Signatu Name of % Signatu
student ent re student Investme re
nt
Amorada, Nico
Albin, Billie
May
Daganos,
Juliane Louisse
L.
Valdez, Xyra
Nicole
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
Figure 1. Penta Sure DLS, Nutrition for Dialysis
OBJECTIVE
To have deeper understanding about dialysis and how it helps in the body.
DISCUSSION OF THEORY
What is a Colloidal Solution?
A colloidal solution, occasionally identified as a colloidal suspension, is a
mixture in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid. A colloid
is a minutely small material that is regularly spread out all through another
substance.
Though colloidal systems can occur in any of the three key states of matter
gas, liquid or solid, a colloidal solution unambiguously refers to a liquid
concoction. The distinguishing feature between a true concoction and a
colloidal concoction is fundamentally the dimensions of the constituent parts.
In a true solution, for example, salt water, NaCl molecules are completely
mixed into water, and the concoction can pass through a semipermeable film
without getting divided. In a colloidal solution, on the other hand, the units
are bigger and don’t liquefy, but come to be equally dispersed all through a
liquid. As such these units will not pass through a membrane as the liquid
does.
Types of Colloidal Solution:
Colloidal Solutions can be mainly classified into:
Foam:
Foam in this setting is created by ensnaring a gas in a liquid. The substance
being dispersed would be the gas, triggering the fluid to become frothy and
foamy. A sample of this would be shaving cream.
Emulsion:
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
An emulsion is a combination of liquids; it’s basically when one liquid is
consistently dispersed all through another liquid. A sample of this would be
mayonnaise or milk.
Sol:
The third form is called a sol, which is when a solid is evenly dispersed
throughout a fluid. Samples of sol include paint, blood and silver aquasol.
Hydrocolloid:
A hydrocolloid is a more detailed form of a colloid solution in which the fluid
of a precise material is being disseminated in water. The colloidal solutions
can be additionally labeled as being reversible, in which the two materials
can be effortlessly divided again, or irreversible, in which they cannot do
that. Hydrocolloids are usually used in food products to influence texture, as
in sauces or gelatins.
In our ordinary surroundings, colloidal solutions are significant in many
procedures, and can often assist as transporters. Numerous particles being
conveyed through water can basically attach themselves to the units
suspended in the water. By the same process, colloidal solutions can assist in
the conveyance of more harmful substances through the water table, for
example, radioactive material.
Colloidal solutions are very important in the medicinal field as they can be
used to influence blood conditions. More precisely, they are frequently used
to control colloidal osmotic pressure, the pressure exerted by proteins in the
bloodstream to entice water in the vascular system.
Properties of True Solution:
The size of the particle is less than 1 nm
It is homogeneous in nature
They diffuse rapidly through filter paper
These particles also diffuse rapidly through parchment paper
Particles are not visible to naked eyes
Does not show Tyndall effect
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
Transparent appearance
Properties of Suspension:
The size of the particle is greater than 1000 nm
It is homogeneous in nature
They do not diffuse through filter paper
These particles also do not pass through parchment paper
Particles are big enough and can be seen with naked eyes
May or may not show Tyndall effect
Opaque appearance
Colloidal Solution:
The size of the particle is between 1 – 1000 nm
It is heterogeneous in nature
They diffuse through filter paper
These particles do not pass through parchment paper
Particles are not visible to naked eyes but can be studied under an ultra-
microscope
Shows Tyndall effect
Translucent appearance
https://byjus.com/chemistry/colloidal-solution/
DIFFERENCE OF DIALYSIS AND OSMOSIS
The main difference between osmosis and dialysis is that the osmosis is the
movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane whereas the
dialysis is the separation of excess water and smaller molecules from the
blood.
Osmosis and dialysis are two methods involved in the movement of
molecules across membranes. Furthermore, the osmosis mainly occurs
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
through the plasma membrane while the dialysis is a medical procedure that
substitutes the normal function of the kidney. Moreover, both osmosis and
dialysis can be performed artificially in the laboratory.
https://pediaa.com/difference-between-osmosis-and-dialysis/amp/
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
DIALYSIS
The kidneys filter your blood by removing waste and excess fluid from your
body. This waste is sent to the bladder to be eliminated when you urinate.
Dialysis performs the function of the kidneys if they’ve failed. According to
the National Kidney Foundation, end-stage kidney failure occurs when the
kidneys are performing at only 10 to 15 percent of their normal function.
Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine.
This helps keep your fluids and electrolytes in balance when the kidneys
can’t do their job.
Dialysis has been used since the 1940s to treat people with kidney problems.
https://www.healthline.com/health/dialysis
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
PROCEDURE
1. In a small cellophane bag, put 5ml. of 1% starch solution and add 25ml. of
1% sodium chloride solution.
Figure 2. 5ml solution of Figure 3. 25ml solution of
1% starch sodium chloride.
2. Tie a string around the topFigure
of the bag wrapper
4. Yema and suspend
tied on it on a glass rod laid
across your 400 ml. beaker containing distilled
the stirring rod water.
containing the Such that the levels of
the fluid outside and inside are the
5ml. same.
solution of 1% starch and
25ml. solution of NaCl.
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
3. After 30 minutes, test a few ml. of water in the beaker with a few drops of
silver nitrate solution.
Figure 5. Water sample from
the beaker with silver nitrate.
RESULT: We got a 5ml water sample in the beaker and when we put
few drops of silver nitrate the water produce a white color. After
settling it for how many minutes the color of the solution is cloudy
white and it has a small amount of precipitate.
4. Test another portion of the water in the beaker with a few drops of iodine
solution.
Figure 6. Water sample
from the beaker with iodine
solution
RESULT: The water from the beaker that was mixed with iodine
solution showed no change in color. Granted, the reddish yellow
color of the iodine will give the solution a golden tint color, but no
significant color change occurred.
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
III. OUESTIONS
1. What is Dialysis?
Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using
a machine. This helps keep your fluids and electrolytes in balance
when the kidneys can’t do their job. Dialysis performs the function
of the kidneys if they’ve failed. According to the National Kidney
Foundation, end-stage kidney failure occurs when the kidneys are
performing at only 10 to 15 percent of their normal function.
2. What is proven by the result obtained with silver nitrate?
The silver nitrate used to test the sample from the water
outside indicates the presence of specific molecules. Silver
nitrate will turn cloudy and will form a slight precipitate when it is
exposed to salt. The color change observed in the sample with
silver nitrate tells important information about the diffusion of salt
molecules.
3. What is proven by the result obtained with starch?
The starch solutions were at high concentrations inside the
yema wrapper and at low concentrations outside the yema wrapper.
Starch molecules are made of many glucose molecules attached to
each other. Thus, they are quite large molecules in contrast to the
relatively small salt molecules. The smaller salt molecules pass
through the membrane easily, but the larger starch molecules
cannot pass through the membrane. For this reason, salt molecules
could be found on both sides of the membrane whereas starch could
be found only inside the yema wrapper.
4. What is the significance of dialysis in the body?
The significance of dialysis in the body is that when your kidneys
fail, dialysis keeps your body in balance by:
removing waste, salt and extra water to prevent them from
building up in the body
keeping a safe level of certain chemicals in your blood, such as
potassium, sodium and bicarbonate
helping to control blood pressure
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
BIOCHEMISTRY Laboratory (Sci214L)
First Semester, SY2019-2020
CONCLUSION
Dialysis is a separation process whereby smaller molecules are
segregated from larger molecules (macromolecules) in a solution by
virtue of their different rates of diffusion through a specific
membrane (or by no diffusion, which is the criterion of the colloidal
state and forms the basis of separation of colloidal materials from
crystalloids). Tests of the water indicate that macromolecules like
starch are retained inside the bag and thus not giving the test in
water with iodine, while the small molecules and ions (Na+, CI–)
pass out readily into the surrounding water and thus give positive
test of sodium chloride. Thus the experiment shows the
phenomenon of di
PROF. WILFRED B. BAMBICO, Chem, MAEduc, LPT, PhD Sci Educ
Department of Professional Education, School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts (STELA)
