ĐỀ THI THỬ OLYMPIC 30/4 NĂM 2023

PART 1. For questions 1-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following
questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. The contemporary dialogue for me struck a slightly _______ note.
A. disembodied B. discordant C. dismissive D. disconcerting
2. We decided to celebrate by going out and painting the town _______.
A. red B. purple C. gold D. brown
3. The series became so popular that it was moved to the _______ time spot of 8 p.m.
A. leading B. prime C. main D. major
4. The current economic _______ is very good for small businesses.
A. disposition B. whirlwind C. climate D. daze
5. He hit the other boy reluctantly as his friends _______ him on.
A. happened B. egged C. ground D. played
6. The actors gave a very _______ performance, and the critics expressed their disapproval in their reports
the following day.
A. pie-in-the-sky B. run-of-the-mill
C. good-for-nothing D. behind-the-scene
7. He was _______ devastated by the news.
A. utterly B. extremely C. deeply D. immensely
8. To get his proposal accepted, the Finance Manager had to _______ heavy pressure from colleagues.
A. fend off B. laugh off C. send off D. push off
9. When attacked by his opponents, the general _______ with a strong justification for his policy.
A. hit back B. struck up C. leapt up D. pushed forward
10. Activities in the department store were _______ by animal rights activists protesting against the sale
of fur coats.
A. disorientated B. disrupted C. deranged D. disturbed
11. Ever since we quarreled in the office, Janice and I have been _______ enemies.
A. assured B. confirmed C. defined D. guaranteed
12. Police are _______ the town for the missing vehicle.
A. seeking B. looking C. investigating D. combing
13. The jury _______ her compliments on her excellent knowledge of the subject.
A. paid B. gave C. made D. said
14. He was blinded by the _______ of the approaching car’s headlights.
A. gleam B. glare C. glow D. flare
15. Don’t throw that away – it might _______.
A. come into use B. come into handy C. come in use D. come in handy
16. I am in a _______ as how to use this CD Rom.
A. loss B. difficulty C. quandary D. mind- game
17. The tournament isn’t over yet - not by a long _______.
A. talk B. chalk C. walk D. hawk
18. It is important to _______ your qualifications to use.
A. turn B. let C. get D. put
19. It cannot be denied that fireworks are a serious fire _______.
A. accident B. mishap C. danger D. hazard
20. My parents always had a happily _______ attitude to my staying out late in the evening.
A. cold- blooded B. long- suffering C. easy- going D. thick- skinned
21. Your theory is just that – a theory unsupported by facts. It just doesn’t ________.
A. make waves B. hold water C. keep pace D. stay afloat
22. It would be nice if we could ________, but he has a bad habit of stretching the truth.
A. take him down a peg or two B. take him up on it
C. take him at his word D. take him for granted
23. I heard on the news this morning that the dictator was ________ by a military coup.
A. receded B. toppled C. inundated D. scorched
24. He is the ________ favorite to win the tournament of champions next week.
A. all-out B. far-fetched C. odds-on D. well-earned
25. I know my brother has fought ________ to be re-elected, so his victory tonight is certainly well
earned.
A. doom and gloom B. life and death C. rack and ruin D. tooth and nail
26. The Government is trying to ________when it says it will spend more on the health service without
raising taxes.
A. chew the fat B. wave the flag C. square the circle D. put the lid
27. He felt his heart _______ as his bride-to-be began her walk down the aisle.
A. fasten B. quicken C. expedite D. heighten
28. The day their first child was born, the new parents were ______ with joy.
A. overpowered B. overtaken C. overthrown D. overcome
29. Keeping a journal is an excellent way to give ______ to your feelings.
A. voice B. rise C. way D. pause
30. You ‘ll need a(n) ______ dictionary if you want to find the meaning of such a technical word.
A. unabridged B. lengthy C. elongated D. expanded
31. Despite its ______ majority of 122 out of 182 seats in the legislature, the party found governing more
difficult than getting elected.
A. overwhelming B. unanimous C. domineering D. superior
32. I’m not surprised their marriage is on ______. They’re the most incompatible couple I know.
A. a razor edge B. the rocks C. broken wings D. a roll
33. The extensive winds that have been ________ Florida will move away as the weekend draws to a
close.
A. battering B. punching C. cracking D. thumping
34. I am sorry to have bothered you. I was under the ________ that you wanted me to call you.
A. mistake B. miscalculation C. misconception D. misapprehension
35. Rescuers cast a ________ to the drowning man and hauled him out of the sea.
A. lifeguard B. lifeboat C. lifeline D. lifesaver
36. This horror film is not for people who are ______ and cannot stand the sight of blood.
A. sullen B. discreet C. squeamish D. callous
37. Our teacher tends to ______ certain subjects which she finds difficult to talk about
A. boil down B. string along C. skate over D. track down
38. The return on your investment will come in ________ at first, but you'll see a steadier flow of income
later.
A. bits and bobs B. dribs and drabs
C. fingers and thumbs D. bibs and tuckers
39. That car accident seems to have scared Janet out of her ________ - she's still shaken by it.
A. powers B. senses C. wits D. moods
40. There is a big investigation ________but I don’t know when.
A. in the offing B. off the peg C. on the blink C. over the hill
PART 2 Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each space.
OK
The word OK is ubiquitous in modern English but its origins remain (1) _____ in mystery. Over the
years, many theories have been (2) _____ regarding its derivation but none of them is (3) ______
convincing. The first recorded written use of OK was in 1839, when it appeared in a newspaper article in
Boston, Massachusetts. There was a (4)_____ for wacky acronyms at the time, just as today's text
messages use things like 'LOL', and OK allegedly originated as a misspelling of All Correct. But (5) ____
many of these acronyms flourished briefly and then gradually (6) ______ out of use, OK has proved to be
remarkably (7) _____. It first reached England in 1870, where it appeared in the words of a popular song,
and today is in (8) ____use across the English-speaking world. As part of a phrase ' …. rules OK', it has
been a mainstay of urban graffiti since the 1930s and in 1969 it had the (9) _____of being the first word
spoken
on the moon. In short, it's a (10) ____useful word.
1. A. shrouded B. smothered C. clothed D. draped
2. A. laid out B. put forward C. drawn up D. brought about
3. A. widely B. mainly C. wholly D. largely
4. A. hype B. craze C. rage D. whim
5. A. despite B. since C. whereas D. providing
6. A. slipped B. faded C. crept D. strayed
7. A. resolute B. stalwart C. steadfast D. resilient
8. A. staunch B. relentless C. durable D. constant
9. A. credit B. pride C. honour D. acclaim
10.A. phenomenally B. ordinarily C. conclusively D. controversially

PART 3 Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.

IMAGE AND THE CITY

In the city, we are barraged with images of the people we might become. Identity is presented as plastic, a
matter of possessions and appearance; and a very large proportion of the urban landscape is taken up by
slogans, advertisements, flatly photographed images of folk heroes – the man who turned into a
sophisticated dandy overnight by drinking a particular brand of drink, the girl who transformed herself
into a femme fatale with a squirt of cheap scent. The tone of the wording of these advertisements is
usually pert and facetious, comically drowning in its own hyperbole. But the pictures are brutally exact:
they reproduce every detail of a style of life, down to the brand of cigarette-lighter, the stone in the ring,
and the economic row of books on the shelf.

Even in the business of the mass-production of images of identity, this shift from the general to the
diverse and particular is quite recent. Consider another line of stills: the back-lit, soft-focus portraits of the
first and second generations of great movie stars. There is a degree of romantic unparticularity in the face
of each one, as if they were communal dream-projections of society at large. Only in the specialized
genres of westerns, farces and gangster movies were stars allowed to have odd, knobby cadaverous faces.
The hero as loner belonged to history or the underworld: he spoke from the perimeter of society,
reminding us of its dangerous edges.

The stars of the last decade have looked quite different. Soft-focus photography has gone, to be replaced
by a style which searches out warts and bumps, and emphasizes the uniqueness not the generality of the
face. Voices, too, are strenuously idiosyncratic; whines, stammers and low rumbles are exploited as
features of “star quality”. Instead of romantic heroes and heroines, we have a brutalist, hard-edged style in
which isolation and egotism are assumed as natural social conditions.

In the movies, as in the city, the sense of stable hierarchy has become increasingly exhausted; we no
longer live in a world where we can all share the same values, and the same heroes. (It is doubtful
whether this world, so beloved of nostalgia moralists, ever existed; but lip-service was paid to it, the
pretence, at last, was kept up.) The isolate and the eccentric push towards the centre of the stage; their
fashions and mannerisms are presented as having as good a claim to the limelight and the future as those
of anyone else. In the crowd on the underground platform, one may observe a honeycomb of fully-
worked-out worlds, each private, exclusive, bearing little comparison with its nearest neighbour. What is
prized in one is despised in another. There are no clear rules about how one is supposed to manage one’s
body, dress, talk, or think. Though there are elaborate protocols and etiquettes among particular cults and
groups within the city, they subscribe to no common standard.

For the new arrival, this disordered abundance is the city’s most evident and alarming quality. He feels as
if he has parachuted into a funfair of contradictory imperatives. There are so many people he might
become, and a suit of clothes, a make of car, and a brand of cigarettes, will go some way towards turning
him into a personage even before he has discovered who that personage is. Personal identity has always
been deeply rooted in property, but hitherto the relationship has been a simple one – a question of buying
what you could afford, and leaving your wealth to announce your status. In the modern city, there are so
many things to buy, such a quantity of different kinds of status, that the choice and its attendant anxieties
have created a new pornography of state.

The leisure pages of the Sunday newspapers, fashion magazines, TV plays, popular novels, cookbooks,
window displays all nag at the nerve of our uncertainty and snobbery. Should we like American cars,
hard-rock hamburger joints, Bauhaus chairs…? Literature and art are promoted as personal accessories,
the paintings of Mondrian or the novels of Samuel Beckett “go” with certain styles like matching
handbags. There is in the city a creeping imperialism of taste, in which more and more commodities are
made over to being mere expressions of personal identity. The piece of furniture, the pair of shoes, the
book, the film, are important not so much in themselves but for what they communicate about their
owners; and ownership is stretched to include what one likes or believes in as well as what one can buy.

1. What does the writer say about advertisements in the first paragraph?

A. They often depict people that most other people would not care to be like.

B. The pictures in them accurately reflect the way that some people really live.

C. Certain kinds are considered more effective in cities than others.

D. The way in which some of them are worded is cleverer than it might appear.

2. The writer says that if you look at a line of advertisements on a tube train, it is clear that _____.

A. city dwellers have very diverse ideas about what image they would like to have

B. some images in advertisements have a general appeal that others lack

C. city dwellers are more influenced by images on advertisements than other people are

D. some images are intended to be representative of everyone’s aspirations

3. What does the writer imply about portraits of old movie stars?

A. They reflected an era in which people felt basically safe.

B. They made people feel that their own faces were rather unattractive.

C. They tried to disguise the less attractive features of their subjects.

D. Most people did not think they were accurate representations of the stars in them.

4. What does the writer suggest about the stars of the last decade?

A. Most people accept that they are not typical of society as a whole.

B. They make an effort to speak in a way that may not be pleasant on the ear.

C. Some of them may be uncomfortable about the way they come across.

D. They make people wonder whether they should become more selfish.

5. The writer uses the crowd on an underground platform to exemplify his belief that _____.

A. no one in a city has strict attitudes towards the behavior of others

B. no single attitude to life is more common than another in a city

C. people in cities would like to have more in common with each other

D. views of what society was like in the past are often accurate

6. The writer implies that new arrivals in a city may _____.

A. acquire a certain image without understanding what that involves

B. underestimate the importance of wealth

C. decide that status is of little importance

D. change the image they wish to have too frequently

7. What point does the writer make about city dwellers in the final paragraph?

A. They are unsure as to why certain things are popular with others.

B. They are keen to be the first to appreciate new styles.

C. They want to acquire more and more possessions.

D. They are aware that judgments are made about them according to what they buy.
PART 4 Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
TELEMEDICINE CAN LOWER COSTS AND IMPROVE ACCESS
Communications technology is increasingly being used for telemedicine applications to improve access to
medical care in rural areas. The most cost-effective applications are those that are paid for by insurers;
other applications enhance access to care but are not cost-effective because insurers do not pay for related
costs for professional fees or the implementation of the technology.
Telemedicine, one of the communications technologies that will figure significantly in healthcare delivery
in the future, should also figure prominently in the strategic plans of healthcare organisations.
Telemedicine uses electronic information and communications technology to provide medical diagnosis
and/or patient healthcare when distance separates the participants. These technologies allow for tele-
imaging using image transmission and receiver units that operate over communication facilities.
However, even the use of a mobile phone by a specialist to talk to a patient and/or the patient's care
provider constitutes telemedicine.
Before implementing telemedicine technology, providers should assess its return-on-investment potential.
Telemedicine participants may disagree about the efficacy and efficiency of a telemedicine application.
For example, while physicians or the hospital may find an application cost-effective, rural end-users may
not. Some applications improve access to care but are not cost-effective. It has been shown in some
instances, however, that using telemedicine technology for radiology, prisoner health, and home health
care is cost-effective and enhances access for patients and physicians alike.
Areas in which access to radiologists is limited will benefit from the use of teleradiology technology
because providers in these areas can receive diagnostic radiology results more quickly and at lower cost
by teleradiology than from courier services or awaiting a visit from a radiologist. The quality of
transmitted images is clinically equivalent to the quality of hard-copy images. Small hospitals are using
teleradiology to provide 24-hour-a-day service at less cost than hiring a radiologist. Of course,
teleradiology will never totally replace on-site radiologists, who are needed to perform procedures such as
barium studies. Many routine procedures, however, do not require immediate interpretation and can be
provided cost-effectively through teleradiology. Teleradiology technology is most cost-effective for rural
providers that have high-bandwidth communications, because they are able to access specialists in a
distant urban area.
Normally, prison populations can only receive the most basic healthcare services in prison, so inmates
must be transported to provider facilities for care. Telecommunications can be used to provide access to
medical care for this population while avoiding the costs of transportation and additional security
measures. Providers are able to provide care in a secure environment,minimising security risks by
avoiding contact with potentially dangerous inmates. Additionally, money saved can be reallocated to the
medical needs of the inmates and ultimately could reduce the cost of providing medical care to inmates.
In the future, home health care is expected to exploit the advantages of telemedicine most fully. With the
development of WebTV services and the evolution of desktop video-conferencing, doctors and other
health professionals will be able to deliver effective, non-invasive care over standard telephone lines and
cable television infrastructures. Within the next few years, access to individual homes via the Internet,
interactive video, cable television and low-cost monitoring technologies is expected to enable physicians
to monitor chronic health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, particularly for older
patients. Telemedicine technology can reduce hospital lengths of stay because follow-up convalescent
care can be provided in the home.
Telemedicine can be used for other applications as well, although many of these applications are not
covered by health insurance. For instance, telemedicine technologies can be used for consultations and
evaluations for applications such as bone-marrow transplants. A doctor can review a patient's medical
records and explain the procedure, risks and expected outcomes without requiring the patient to travel to
the urban centre. Conducting a telemedicine consultation allows the physician to see the patient and
establish a relationship before the patient has to make a decision regarding treatment. Although insurers
do not pay for such consultations, the revenue that is generated from performing the procedure, should the
patient choose to have it, will cover the cost of the use of the technology.
1 What does the writer say in the first paragraph about the use of telemedicine?
A It is not always economically viable.
B The applications wouldn't be cost-effective if they were paid for by insurers.
C Patients will not have to pay for the applications.
D It would not be applicable to rural areas.
2 In the second paragraph, the writer advises that telemedicine ought to be
A the strategic delivery point for healthcare.
B planned with communications technology in mind.
C the most prominent plan of any healthcare organisation.
D a significant feature of any scheme for providing medical services.
3 The writer regards the question of cost-effectiveness as one that
A does not satisfy rural patients.
B only affects access in country areas.
C may not always meet with the approval of doctors and patients.
D will usually cause disagreement among participants.
4 What is the implication of teleradiology for radiology specialists?
A They will lose their jobs.
B They will no longer need to visit smaller hospitals.
C They will be consulted more frequently by small rural hospitals.
D They can do more routine work.
5 What benefit could telemedicine provide in the field of prisoner healthcare?
A more limited scope for abuse of healthcare opportunities by prisoners
B a safer environment for prisoners needing treatment
C more relaxation time for prison warders
D a complete service for all the prisoners' medical needs within the prison
6 The writer implies that telemedicine in the field of home healthcare will
A do away with the need for any lengthy stays in hospital.
B allow patients to remain under observation while at home.
C result in patients having to tell doctors what their blood pressure is.
D lead to people with chronic health conditions being denied hospital treatment.
7 What is the benefit of using telemedicine for consultations?
A Doctors will now be able to check patients' medical records.
B Patients can decide whether they are able to get on with the doctor.
C Rural patients don't have to pay the consultant a visit at the outset.
D It makes it necessary for third parties to pay for the medical treatment.
PART 5 Happy as your genes allow

The true key to happiness, says researcher David Lykken, lies in our genes. To many of us, this notion
might seem absurd. Humans seem to be on an emotional roller coaster, the ups and downs of which often
appear to be determined by fate. We feel good when we win an award or make a new friend; bad when we
have to face one of life‘s inevitable setbacks.
1.

Lykken‘s interest in happiness was sparked by his earliest research into its possible determinants.
Scientists have tried for years to identify a link between contentment and marital status, socioeconomic
position, professional success and other factors. Yet they invariably come up empty-handed. “I was
intrigued by the way that things like beauty, wealth and status never seemed to make much difference,”
says Lykken, a semi-retired professor at the university of Minnesota.
2.
As part of the comprehensive research on the siblings, Lykken had asked his subjects a range of questions
about how happy they felt. He decided to revisit those studies to see if he could establish a genetic
connection. The results, says Lykken, were surprising. He found a very high correlation between
happiness and genes as revealed by the similarities in the twins‘ responses to questions, irrespective of
whether they had been raised together or apart.
3.

Nine years on, therefore, he decided to ask the same subjects the same questions. The evidence Lykken
found suggested that their contentment was 90 per cent genetic. Both twins‘ previous responses and those
made almost a decade later enabled the answers of the other twin to be predicted with a high level of
accuracy. Lykken‘s first reaction was to label the pursuit of happiness as a futile exercise.
4.

In his own life, Lykken concentrates on completing small tasks that give him a great deal of satisfaction.
“I have just spent the morning writing, which is something I like and that I am pretty good at”, he says.
“This afternoon, I‘ll bake some loaves of bread, because I need that for my morning toast. I just
discovered that American Psychological Association wants to give me an award, and that makes me feel
good, but maybe not as good as that daily baking.”
5.

The demeanour of those we live with is another vital factor. Teenagers with happy parents tend to be
happy themselves. It is not until they leave home that they find their own set point. Likewise, a husband
or wife‘s inner contentment has a large bearing on that of their spouse. Marrying an upbeat person is
probably the best mood enhancer around.
6.

In the science fiction work Brave New World, for example, people who took “happy pills” were incapable
of seeing life as it truly was. Fans of Woody Allen, the perpetually depressed actor and film maker, will
remember the scene in the film Annie Hall in which he asks a strolling couple why they are so happy.
“Because we are so shallow and mindless,” they reply.
7.

Lykken is skeptical. “Even if you can speak their language, they might not have the same psychological
vocabulary for expressing how they feel at any given moment,” he says. Lykken refuses to believe that
there is any correlation between the state of the society‘s technical or intellectual development and
personal happiness. In fact, he argues that good humour is probably favoured by evolution. “The
gloomiest probably don‘t do very well in the romance stakes,” he theories. “So, as a human race, we‘re
probably getting slightly happier over time.”

The missing paragraphs:

A.“Then I began to ask myself whether those findings may have been influenced by how people were
feeling on a certain day – if they had just cut themselves, for example, or had trouble finding a parking
space,” he says.
B.Lykken also advocates control of anger as another regular way of boosting happiness questions.
“People would rather feel anger than feel scared,” he says. “When we are angry we feel strong, but in the
long run, I believe it‘s more harmful to happiness than anything else.”

C.The surest way to do this, Lykken believes, is to lose sight of our purpose in life. We describe the case
of a Californian firefighter - the patient of a friend – who recently retired from the service and quickly
became depressed. His mood picked up when he discovered that many windows in the neighbourhood
needed to have things fixed round the house.

D.Some philosophers question whether humans should actually be seeking such happiness including
arrangements in the first place. Joy is sometimes associated with ignorance, they argue, causing happy
people to “see the world through rose-tinted glasses”.

E.According to Lykken, however, each person possesses a “happiness set point” – the level of
contentment to which we return after the impact of such specific events is absorbed. While humans teeter
wildly around that point during their lives, experiencing moments of extreme elation or depression, in the
long run they gravitate back to their pre-set happiness level.

F.“I said at the time that trying to be happier might be the same as trying to be taller,” he recalls, but he no
longer views his research in that light. While the individual‘s sense of well- being might be 90 per cent
predetermined, people still have substantial leeway to control their emotions. Lykken believes humans
can – and should – aim to achieve happiness slightly above their pre-set level.

G.In the late 1990s, the psychologist realized that he might be able to shed some further light on the
subject. “That was a happy moment,” he jokes. Over a long period of time, Lykken had been following
the progress of 300 pairs of identical twins. Identical twins help scientists differentiate between the effects
of the environment and heredity. Because twins‘ genetic make- up is the same, small differences between
them argue in favour of heredity. Large divergences point to the environment as the greater determining
factor.

H.Some people would rule out even this possibility, insisting that happiness is inconsistent with modern
times. Contemporary lives are so stressful, they say, that joy becomes elusive. Primitive tribes are better
off. We should feel nostalgic for “simpler” times when we felt content with so much less.
PART 6 For questions 1-10, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Writing is a medium of (1) ______ that most people use daily, and perhaps even take for granted. Yet,
without a shadow of a (2) ______, it has been one of the key elements in the development of society.
Writing systems and the invention of books have meant that knowledge can be passed (3) ______ reality
through the generations.
Much evidence suggests that (4) ______ was in the Middle East that systems of writing were initially
developed, and these were born out of practical necessity. As individuals grouped together in cities, this
(5) ______ rise to more frequent trading of goods, but keeping a running order of these goods was an (6)
______ battle, especially since they were often communally stored.
(7) ______ the face of these difficulties, a better method of controlling and accounting (8) ______ stock
was developed, and this was the very first system of writing. It initially took the form of pictures drawn in
clay tablets to represent a particular commodity, with lines corresponding to the number of items a person
had. In time, these drawings gave (9) ______ to symbols, which were more efficient for the writer, and
then to more detailed forms of written record. This is when writing evolved to more than just lists of
nouns, and started to (10) ______ the shape of the fully formed sentences we see today.

PART 7 Use the correct form of the word given to fill in each blank.
1. Live theatre is losing its audience these days due to a number of __________. (ATTRACT)
2. It takes young people some time to realise that health should not be __________ to other aspects of
life. (SERVE)
3. She gave me a(n) __________ for being late. (DRESS)
4. Critical self-reflection is a(n) __________ set of skills that includes observation, questioning and
identifying themes for moving forward. (ARCH)
5. Many urban households with a regular income employ __________ domestic servants, generally
young unmarried women from the rural areas. (LIVE)
6. The idea behind __________ is that social media allows for a quick and easy way to show support for
an organisation or cause. (CLICK)
7. Caught in the act of skipping school, Steve __________, telling his mother that classes had been
canceled because of an outbreak of food poisoning in the cafeteria. (SIMILAR)
8. __________ often claim to be doctors, but they can also claim to be other types of experts;
underneath their authentic appearance, they’re frauds. (MOUNT)
9. I spent my years at art school in the early 1970s being __________ the giants of postwar American
criticism, Clement Greenberg and Harold Rosenberg, even though they were already passé. (FORCE)
10. The dance teacher has considered __________ as a carabret performer on the side so that she can
bring in some extra holiday cash. (LIGHT)

PART 8: Fill in each blank with the correct form of one appropriate word in the box. Use each word
only ONCE and write your answer in the numbered box.
labour slave tacit suffice take

water world define hold pain

The Navajo are a peaceful and pastoral people, living by, with and off their flocks of sheep and
goats. Though the arid character of their country - good for grazing only forces them to lead a nomadic life,
most of the families have one main home, generally in a(n) (1)………. valley, where they raise corn, beans,
melons, oats, alfalfa, etc. The Navajo women weave the renowned Navajo blankets, famous for their
durability, beauty and variety of design, and careful execution, whilst a number of men are clever
silversmiths, making silver necklaces, belts, bracelets, wristlets, rings and buttons of rare beauty, out of
Mexican silver dollars. They have always been (2)……. They have little of the sullen, (3)…… disposition
attributed to Indians generally, and are cheerful, friendly, hospitable and industrious. Their government is
democratic; there is no chief over the whole tribe, and their local chiefs are men of temporary and (4)……..
authority, whose power depends largely upon their personal influence, their eloquence and their reputation
for wisdom and justice. The tribe is divided into about 58 clans or genres, grouped under several original
or nuclear clans. Marriages with Mexicans, Utes, Apaches, but especially with the neighboring Pueblo
Indians who were captured or (5)…….. and eventually adopted into the tribe, are responsible for a number
of clans. As a consequence there is nothing like a(n) (6)…………… or a prevailing Navajo type. Every
variety of form and figure can be found among them. Marriage occurs early in life and polygamy and
divorce are prevalent.

The (7)…………. system of pagan worship, expressed in chants, sacrifices, sand painting, dances,
ceremonies, some of which last nine days, make the Navajo appears very religious. Though they have no
conception of one supreme being, their anthropomorphous deities are numerous and strikingly democratic.
The ideas of paradise and (8) ……… being unknown to them, they believe in a hereafter consisting of a
life of happiness with the people of the lower worlds. They are consistent (9)………. in their faith system.
Diseases are thought to be caused by evil beings, by malign influences of enemies, and by various occult
agencies. Their remedies are largely magical and constitute an integral part of their religion. Their
superstitions, ceremonies and customs are (10)…….. kept alive by an extraordinarily large number of
medicine men who wield a powerful influence among them. Though missionaries have lived among the
Navajo since the early 1600s, few Navajo have been converted to Christianity.
PART 9 SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1.You must concentrate on your work more.

➔ You must apply ______________________________________________________________.

2. It wasn’t clear to us at the time how serious the problem was.

➔ Little ______________________________________________________________________.

3. We must reduce the company’s outgoings. (CHOICE)

➔ __________________________________________________________________________.

4. The tourists were unharmed after the train crash. (WORSE)

➔ The tourists ________________________________________________________________ in

the train crash.

5. It’s clear to everyone that he’s excellent at his job. (DENYING)

➔ There’s _____________________________________________________________________.

6. I did not attend the farewell party last night because I had a lot of work to deal with. (NECK)
➔ If I _________________________________________________________________________.

7. I imagine it was tough for you to refuse every beggar that asked you for money. (TURN)

➔ It must _____________________________________________________________________.

8. Alice and Charles did not decide to move to a bigger house until after the birth of their second
child.

➔ Only when ___________________________________________________________________.

9. Don’t make me suffer because of your problems!. (ON)

➔ Don’t take ___________________________________________________________________.

10 It would be easy to make a film adaptation of Danielle Steel’s latest novel. (ITSELF)

➔ ___________________________________________________________________________.