Water Resources: Solutions for Class 10 Board Exams
Section A: Objective Type Questions
1. Multiple Choice Questions:
a. (i) Identify which region suffers from water scarcity:
b. Correct Answer: 2. A region with high rainfall but large population
and industrialization.
c. (ii) Which of the following is not a benefit of multi-purpose river
projects?
Correct Answer: C. Large-scale displacement of people.
2. Match the following:
a. (i) Hydraulic Structure – Example
i. A. Rooftop rainwater harvesting – Gendathur village in
Karnataka
ii. B. Multi-purpose dam – Bhakra-Nangal project
Section B: Short Answer Questions (30 Words Each)
3. Explain why water is considered a renewable resource.
Answer: Water is renewable because it is replenished through the
hydrological cycle, involving processes like evaporation, condensation,
and precipitation, ensuring its continuous availability.
4. Define water scarcity and list two main causes.
Answer: Water scarcity is a situation where water availability is
insufficient to meet demand.
Causes:
a. Over-exploitation of water resources.
b. Unequal access to water.
5. Describe the traditional method of rainwater harvesting in
Rajasthan.
Answer: In Rajasthan, traditional methods like tankas and khadins
store rainwater for drinking and agriculture. These methods ensure
water availability during dry periods.
Section C: Long Answer Questions (120 Words Each)
6. Discuss the role of multi-purpose river projects in water resource
management, highlighting both their benefits and drawbacks.
Answer:
Multi-purpose river projects serve irrigation, hydroelectric power, flood
control, and water supply. For example, the Bhakra-Nangal Dam
supports agriculture and energy needs.
Benefits:
a. Increases agricultural productivity.
b. Generates renewable energy.
c. Controls floods.
Drawbacks:
d. Displaces communities.
e. Ecological imbalances.
f. Sedimentation issues reduce the dam's efficiency.
7. Compare traditional and modern rainwater harvesting methods with
examples.
Answer:
Traditional methods like tankas in Rajasthan store rainwater locally.
Modern methods, like rooftop rainwater harvesting in urban areas,
involve advanced storage and filtration. Both aim to conserve water but
differ in technology and scale.
Section D: Case-Based Questions
8. Passage-Based Questions:
a. (i) What are tankas, and how were they used?
Answer: Tankas are underground water storage systems used to
collect rainwater from rooftops for drinking and household
purposes in Rajasthan.
b. (ii) Why has the practice of using tankas declined?
Answer: The availability of canal water, such as from the Indira
Gandhi Canal, has reduced reliance on traditional tankas.
9. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Diagram-Based Questions:
a. (i) What materials are used to filter rainwater before it reaches
storage?
Answer: Sand, bricks, and charcoal are commonly used for
filtration.
b. (ii) Suggest two ways to encourage rainwater harvesting in
urban areas.
Answer:
i. Provide subsidies for rainwater harvesting systems.
ii. Mandate rainwater harvesting structures in new buildings.
Section E: PYQs
10. "Large dams can solve water scarcity but also create new
challenges." Discuss this statement with examples from India.
Answer:
Large dams, like the Bhakra-Nangal Dam, support irrigation and flood
control but also cause displacement and ecological harm. For example,
the Hirakud Dam controls floods but submerges large areas.
11. "Water harvesting is a viable alternative to multi-purpose
projects." Explain with examples from Meghalaya and Rajasthan.
Answer:
Water harvesting is eco-friendly and localized. In Meghalaya, bamboo
drip irrigation conserves water for farming. In Rajasthan, tankas and
khadins store rainwater for dry seasons, making them sustainable
alternatives.
