MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

“E-COMMERCE WEBSITE”

Submitted in the Partial Fulfillment for the Award of Degree

Bachelors of Computer Applications (BCA)

UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY

SESSION 2024 – 2025

Under the Supervision of Submitted By

Mr. Deepak Bhatt Vineet Singh Negi

Assistant professor BCA Vth Semester
(USCS) UU No. UU2209000413
 AKNOWLEDGEMENT

The most awaited moment of any endeavor is successful completion, but nothing can be
done successfully if done alone. Success is the outcome of the contribution and consistent
help of various persons and we thank those who helped us in the successful completion of
this project. Primarily I would like to thank Dr. Sonal Sharma, Dean USCS for providing a
healthy and encouraging environment to study. I profusely thankful to the department of
computing Science, and Dr. Sameer Dev Sharma, HOD, and my Project Mentor Mr.
Deepak Bhatt. She has been generous enough to provide me an opportunity and accepting
my candidature for the most valuable guidance and affordable treatment given to us at every
stage to boost my morale.

Vineet Singh Negi

Enroll No: UU2209000413
BCA V(G)

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Mini Project report entitled “E-Commerce Website” is submitted
by Vineet Singh Negi to Uttaranchal School of Computing Sciences. The project was done
under the guidance of Mr. Deepak Bhatt. I further declare that the work reported in this
project has not been submitted and will not be submitted, either in part or in full, for the
award of any other degree or diploma in this university or any other university or institute.

Vineet Singh Negi

Enroll No: UU2209000413
BCA V(G)
 CERTIFICATE OF ORGINALLITY

This is to certify that the Mini-Project entitled “E-Commerce Website” by Vineet Singh Negi
has been submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelors of Computer Applications (BCA) from Uttaranchal University, Dehradun. The results
embodied in this project have not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the
record of any degree.

Under the guidance of:

Mr. Deepak Bhatt

Assistant Professor
Uttaranchal University
Dehradun

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 1TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter TITTLE Page No.
AKNOWLEDGEMENT i
DECLARATION ii
CERTIFICATE OF ORGINALLITY iii
1 INTRODUCTION 1-2
2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3-4
3 IDENTIFIACTION OF NEED 5-6
4 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 7-8
5 FEASIBILITY STUDY 9-11
6 PROJECT PLANNING 12
7 PROJECT SCHEDULING 13-14
8 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS(SRS) 15
9 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PARADIGM APPLIED 16
10 DATA MODELS 17-21
11 SYSTEM DESIGN 22
12 MODULARIZATIONS DETAILS 23
13 DATA INTEGRITY AND CONSTRAINTS 24
14 DATABASE DESIGN 25-26
15 USER INTERFACE DESIGN 27
16 TESTING 28
 INTRODUCTION

In today's digitally driven world, e-commerce has revolutionized the way businesses operate and
how consumers shop. E-commerce websites provide an online platform where products and
services are bought and sold with just a few clicks, transcending geographical boundaries and
operating 24/7. From small startups to global enterprises, e-commerce offers unparalleled
opportunities for growth, scalability, and customer engagement.

The core advantage of an e-commerce platform is its ability to connect sellers with a diverse
audience, streamlining the shopping process through convenience and personalization.
Customers can browse through thousands of products, compare prices, read reviews, and make
purchases from the comfort of their homes, while businesses can access valuable data insights to
optimize their offerings and target their audiences more effectively.

This project aims to develop an interactive, user-centric e-commerce website that not only allows
users to purchase products seamlessly but also incorporates innovative features such as
personalized recommendations, secure payment systems, and responsive design. With e-
commerce continuously evolving, this mini project will showcase the integration of modern
technology, data-driven strategies, and customer-centric features to provide a smooth and
enjoyable shopping experience.

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 OBJECTIVE

 To Deliver a Personalized Shopping Experience

Implement algorithms that tailor product recommendations, discounts, and content to
individual user preferences, creating a unique shopping journey for each visitor.

 To Build an Immersive Visual Shopping Environment

Use high-quality images, 360-degree product views, and videos to create a visually
compelling experience that helps users make better purchasing decisions.

 To Integrate Social Shopping Features

Enable social media sharing, wish lists, and product discussions, allowing users to
interact with their network while exploring products and gaining recommendations from
friends.

 To Enhance Sustainability and Ethical Shopping

Highlight eco-friendly and socially responsible products through dedicated sections and
badges, encouraging users to make conscious purchasing decisions.

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 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Functional Requirements:
a. User Management:
 User Registration: Users should be able to create accounts using email or social logins
 User Login/Logout: A secure login system, possibly with session management.
 Profile Management: Users should be able to view and edit their profiles, including
updating addresses and contact information.
b. Product Management:
 Product Listings: Admins should be able to add, update, or delete products, including
descriptions, images, and prices.
 Product Search & Filtering: Users should be able to search for products by name,
category, or price range.
 Product Details Page: Each product should have a dedicated page with detailed
information (e.g., description, price, and images).
c. Shopping Cart:
 Add/Remove Items: Users should be able to add items to the shopping cart, remove
them, or update quantities.
 View Cart: A summary of the cart should be visible at any time, with prices, total costs,
and a link to checkout.
d. Checkout & Payment:
 Checkout Process: A step-by-step form where users enter shipping and billing
information.
 Payment Gateway Integration: For real-world projects, integration with services like
Stripe, PayPal, or others. For your mini-project, a simulated payment process could be
implemented.
 Order Confirmation: Once payment is processed (or simulated), users should receive an
order confirmation message (or email).
e. Order Management:
 Order Tracking: Users should be able to view their previous orders and track shipment
status.

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  Order History: A page displaying the user's purchase history.

Non-Functional Requirements:
These refer to how the system should operate, focusing on performance, scalability, security, and
usability.
a. Performance:
 The website should load within a reasonable time.
 The system should handle multiple users browsing and adding products to their cart
simultaneously
b. Scalability:
 The system architecture should be modular, allowing future expansion (adding more
products, categories, or features without significant codebase changes).
 Hosting should be chosen to accommodate scaling (e.g., use cloud platforms like AWS or
DigitalOcean).
c. Security:
 Data Security: Protect user data, especially during checkout and when handling sensitive
information (e.g., passwords, payment details).
 SSL Certificate: Ensure that communication between users and the server is encrypted.
 Authentication & Authorization: Implement strong password policies, and ensure that
only authorized users can perform specific actions (e.g., admin access for product
management).
d. Usability:
 User Interface: The website should be user-friendly, with intuitive navigation, accessible
to both desktop and mobile users.
 Responsiveness: The design should be mobile-friendly, using a responsive framework
(e.g., Bootstrap or custom media queries).
 Error Handling: Provide clear error messages if users encounter issues (e.g., failed
login, incorrect payment details).

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 IDENTIFICATION OF NEED
1. Customer Convenience

 Need: Consumers prefer shopping online due to the flexibility of browsing and
purchasing products from anywhere at any time.

 Impact: An E-commerce website meets this need by offering a platform where users can
shop 24/7 without needing to visit a physical store.

2. Increased Reach

 Need: Physical stores are limited by geography, whereas an E-commerce platform allows
a business to reach a global audience.

 Impact: By establishing an online presence, businesses can expand their customer base
beyond local boundaries, increasing sales opportunities.

3. Cost Efficiency for Businesses

 Need: Running a physical store involves high overhead costs like rent, staff salaries, and
utilities.

 Impact: E-commerce allows businesses to reduce these operational costs. It can also
optimize inventory management, reducing excess stock and waste.

4. Consumer Preference Shift

 Need: A growing number of consumers prefer to shop online for products ranging from
fashion to electronics, groceries, and more.

 Impact: An E-commerce website helps businesses cater to this changing consumer

behavior and ensures they stay competitive in the market.

5. Scalability and Flexibility

 Need: Businesses need a flexible platform that can scale with growth, add new products
quickly, and handle seasonal spikes in demand.

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  Impact: An E-commerce site can easily scale up in terms of product listings, user traffic,
and sales without the limitations faced by physical stores.

6. Personalization and Customer Engagement

 Need: Modern consumers expect personalized shopping experiences based on their

preferences, browsing history, and purchase behavior.

 Impact: An E-commerce website can use data analytics, AI, and machine learning to
offer personalized product recommendations, promotions, and targeted ads.

7. Competitive Advantage

 Need: To keep up with competitors who are increasingly leveraging E-commerce for
selling their products and services.

 Impact: Businesses that adopt E-commerce early gain a competitive edge by offering
better user experiences, increased accessibility, and exclusive online offers.

8. Streamlined Operations

 Need: Businesses often require automation of processes such as inventory management,

order tracking, and customer service to handle larger volumes.

 Impact: E-commerce platforms provide automated systems that improve operational

efficiency by integrating supply chain, order fulfillment, and customer management.

9. Integration with Marketing and Analytics Tools

 Need: Businesses need real-time data on customer behavior, sales trends, and marketing
effectiveness to make informed decisions.

 Impact: An E-commerce website can integrate with tools like Google Analytics, CRM
systems, and marketing automation platforms to provide valuable insights that drive sales
and marketing strategies.

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 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
1. Objective

 Purpose: Define the goal of the mini e-commerce project. It could be as simple as setting
up a small online store, building a prototype, or simulating an e-commerce platform for
educational purposes.

2. Market Research (Basic)

 Choose a niche market or a product category that you will focus on (e.g., books,
electronics, or clothing).

 Identify your target audience in broad terms (e.g., age, interests, and general
preferences).

3. Platform Selection

 Pick an e-commerce platform (e.g., Shopify, WooCommerce, or a custom solution using

HTML/CSS with some JavaScript or PHP for backend).

 Select a payment gateway (e.g., PayPal or Stripe) for handling basic transactions.

4. Basic Features to Include

 Homepage: A landing page showcasing a few products.

 Product Listings: A simple catalog of items, with descriptions, prices, and an "Add to
Cart" feature.

 Cart and Checkout: Users should be able to view selected items in a cart and proceed to
a checkout form.

 Order Confirmation: Provide a confirmation page after checkout.

5. Logistics (Simplified)

 Assume that shipping is handled by a local provider.

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  You can simulate the shipment process by using mock data or a simple message
indicating the shipment status.

6. Security Considerations

 Implement basic SSL for secure data transmission.

 Store user data securely if working with real data (or use placeholders for simulation).

7. Testing & Presentation

 Ensure the site works smoothly on desktop and mobile devices.

 Test basic functionalities like adding items to the cart, proceeding to checkout, and
payment simulation (if possible).

 Presentation: Showcase the mini-project by highlighting its key functionalities, how it

solves customer pain points, and potential for scalability.

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 FEASIBILITY STUDY
1. Project Overview

 Objective: Define the purpose of the e-commerce mini-project (e.g., building a

prototype, simulating an online store, learning project).

 Scope: Describe the scale of the project (e.g., a basic e-commerce website with limited
features like product listings, cart, and checkout).

2. Market Feasibility

 Target Audience: Define the type of customer who would be interested in the product or
service (e.g., young adults interested in tech gadgets or a niche market like handmade
jewelry).

 Competitor Analysis: Briefly analyze the existing competitors within the niche. Identify
what makes your project stand out (e.g., unique product selection, better user interface).

 Demand Assessment: Use surveys or online research to estimate potential customer

demand for your niche product or service.

3. Technical Feasibility

 Platform:

o Choose the appropriate technology for your project (e.g., Shopify for a hosted
solution, WordPress + WooCommerce for open-source, or a custom build using
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP).

 Development Tools: Identify the tools needed to build the site (e.g., IDEs, plugins,
version control like Git).

 Features: List the features your mini-project will include, such as:

o Product Catalog

o Shopping Cart

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 o User Registration/Guest Checkout

o Basic Payment Integration (simulated or actual)

 Technical Challenges:

o Security: Ensure safe handling of customer data, implement SSL for secure
communication.

o Scalability: Discuss whether the project can scale beyond its mini-project scope
with additional features.

o Cross-platform compatibility: Ensure the site is responsive and mobile-friendly.

4. Operational Feasibility

 Team: Identify the team or individuals involved in the project. For a mini-project, this
might be limited to one or two people handling all aspects (development, design, etc.).

 Logistics & Fulfillment: If the project is only a simulation, there’s no need for actual
product handling. If using real products, determine how inventory will be managed and
orders fulfilled.

 Timeframe: Estimate the time required to complete the project, including planning,
development, and testing (e.g., 4–6 weeks).

5. Economic Feasibility

 Cost Analysis:

o Platform Costs: If using a paid e-commerce platform like Shopify, mention the
subscription costs.

o Development Costs: Include costs for domain registration, hosting, plugins, and
any third-party services like payment gateways.

o Marketing Costs: (Optional) You can estimate a minimal budget for digital
marketing efforts, such as running a few social media ads.

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  Revenue Model:

o For a mini-project, this can be hypothetical, but describe how the store would
generate revenue (e.g., sales from products, potential upselling, or partnerships).

 Break-even Point: Estimate the volume of sales needed to cover initial costs (if this
applies).

6. Legal Feasibility

 Business Registration: Research whether the mini-project needs to be formally

registered (likely not required for educational purposes).

 Compliance: Ensure your platform complies with basic e-commerce regulations, such as
GDPR for data protection or PCI DSS if handling real payments.

 Terms & Conditions: Create a basic Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy page if
the site will be public, even for demo purposes.

7. Risk Analysis

 Technical Risks: Bugs in the code, platform downtime, data breaches.

 Market Risks: Low customer interest, high competition.

 Operational Risks: Delays in development, failure to meet project deadlines.

8. Conclusion & Recommendations

 Based on the above factors, summarize whether the project is feasible.

 If feasible, propose how it could be expanded after the initial phase (e.g., add more
products, improve the interface, implement real payments).

 List any recommendations for improving the feasibility, such as acquiring additional
resources, more market research, or refining the technical approach.

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 PROJECT PLANING
Project Objectives:

 Develop a functional e-commerce website for showcasing and selling products.

 Include essential features: product catalog, shopping cart, checkout, and payment
(simulated or real).

 Ensure a responsive, user-friendly interface.

Scope:

 In-Scope:

o Product pages with descriptions, pricing, and images.

o Cart and checkout functionality.

o Payment gateway integration (simulation).

o Basic security measures (SSL, user data protection).

 Out of Scope:

o Advanced features like customer reviews, multi-vendor functionality, or inventory

management.

Key Deliverables:

 Fully functional e-commerce website.

 Product catalog with a minimum of 5–10 items.

 Simulated payment process.

 Final report and project documentation.

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PROJECT SCHDEULING

PERT CHART

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 GANNT CHART

PROCESS START END DAYS

System Analysis 12-Aug-24 22-Aug-24 10
Identification of need 25-Aug-24 30-Aug-24 5
Feasibility study 1-Sep-24 9-Sep-24 9
Project planning 10-Sep-24 20-Sep-24 10
System design 21-Sep-24 10-October 20
Database design 0 0 0
Implementation 0 0 0
Testing 0 0 0
Final report submission 0 0 0

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 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS(SRS)

1. Introduction
 Purpose: To define the features and functionality of the e-commerce website.
 Scope: Users can browse products, make purchases, manage accounts, and process
payments securely.

2. Functional Requirements
1. User Registration/Login: Users can create accounts and log in to the site.
2. Product Catalog: Users can browse products by category, filter by price/rating.
3. Shopping Cart: Users can add/remove items, adjust quantities, and view totals.
4. Checkout: Users enter shipping info, choose a payment method, and place an order.
5. Order Management: Users can track orders, and admins can update order statuses.

3. Non-Functional Requirements
 Performance: Website should load in under 3 seconds.
 Security: Data encryption (SSL/TLS) and secure payment gateways.
 Usability: Easy-to-use, responsive design for desktop and mobile devices.
 Scalability: The site should handle up to 1,000 concurrent users.

4. System Features
 Admin Dashboard: For managing products, users, and orders.
 Search and Filters: Easy product search by categories or attributes.
 Payment Integration: Support for popular gateways like PayPal, Credit Cards.

5. Constraints
 The system must comply with data protection laws (e.g., GDPR).
 The website should be compatible across major browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari).

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 SOFTWARE ENGINERING PARADIGM APPLIED
An e-commerce website involves developing a complex system that requires features like user
authentication, product management, shopping carts, payment gateways, and order tracking.
Choosing the right paradigm is crucial to ensure scalability, adaptability, and efficiency.

Agile Development
The Agile Model is particularly suitable for an e-commerce website because it supports:
 Evolving Requirements: In the dynamic e-commerce domain, new features like seasonal
promotions or integrations with external services (e.g., payment gateways, shipping
APIs) may emerge during development.
 Frequent Feedback: Stakeholders, customers, and end-users can provide insights after
each sprint to improve the system.
 Incremental Delivery: Essential features (e.g., product catalog, shopping cart) can be
delivered early, allowing the business to launch quickly while continuing to develop
additional features.
Key Benefits of the Agile Paradigm
 Flexibility: Changes can be incorporated at any stage of the development cycle.
 User-Centric: Ensures that the website meets user needs through continuous feedback.
 Collaboration: Encourages teamwork between developers, testers, and stakeholders.
 Reduced Risk: Issues are identified and addressed early due to regular testing and
reviews.

Conclusion
The Agile Model is best suited for an e-commerce website due to its flexibility and ability to
handle evolving requirements. Agile allows incremental development, frequent stakeholder
feedback, and faster delivery of core features like user authentication, product catalog, and
checkout.
Unlike the rigid Waterfall Model, Agile adapts to changes and ensures continuous improvement,
making it ideal for the dynamic nature of e-commerce projects.

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 DATA MODELS

1. CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM

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2. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

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3. ENTITY RELATION DIAGRAM

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4. CLASS DIGARAM

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5. STATECASE DIAGRAM

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 MODULARISATION DETAILS
1. User Module

 Handles user registration, login, profile management, and authentication.

 Stores user data like name, email, address, and order history.

2. Product Catalog Module

 Manages product listings, categories, search, and filters.

 Fetches product details and stock information from the database.

3. Shopping Cart Module

 Allows adding, updating, and removing items from the cart.

 Calculates totals, taxes, and discounts.

4. Checkout and Payment Module

 Collects shipping/billing details and processes payments via gateways.

 Records transactions and updates order details.

5. Order Management Module

 Tracks orders, statuses, and user order history.

 Updates order progress (e.g., pending, shipped).

6. Admin Panel Module

 Enables product, category, order, and user management.

 Provides dashboards for sales and inventory.

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 DATA INTEGRITY AND CONSTRAINTS
Database Tables:

1. Users Table:

o UserID (Primary Key, Unique, Not Null)

o Email (Unique, Not Null)

o Password (Not Null)

2. Products Table:

o ProductID (Primary Key, Unique, Not Null)

o ProductName (Not Null)

o Price (Check: Price > 0)

3. Orders Table:

o OrderID (Primary Key, Unique, Not Null)

o UserID (Foreign Key, Not Null)

o OrderDate (Default: Current Date)

4. OrderDetails Table:

o OrderDetailID (Primary Key, Unique, Not Null)

o OrderID (Foreign Key, Not Null)

o ProductID (Foreign Key, Not Null)

o Quantity (Check: Quantity > 0)

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 DATABASE DESIGN
1. Users Table:

o UserID (Primary Key, INT, AUTO_INCREMENT)

o FullName (VARCHAR(100))

o Email (VARCHAR(100), UNIQUE)

o Password (VARCHAR(255))

o CreatedAt (DATETIME, DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)

2. Products Table:

o ProductID (Primary Key, INT, AUTO_INCREMENT)

o ProductName (VARCHAR(100))

o Description (TEXT)

o Price (DECIMAL(10,2), CHECK(Price > 0))

o Stock (INT, DEFAULT 0)

o CategoryID (Foreign Key, INT)

3. Categories Table:

o CategoryID (Primary Key, INT, AUTO_INCREMENT)

o CategoryName (VARCHAR(50), UNIQUE)

4. Orders Table:

o OrderID (Primary Key, INT, AUTO_INCREMENT)

o UserID (Foreign Key, INT)

o OrderDate (DATETIME, DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)

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 o TotalAmount (DECIMAL(10,2))

5. OrderDetails Table:

o OrderDetailID (Primary Key, INT, AUTO_INCREMENT)

o OrderID (Foreign Key, INT)

o ProductID (Foreign Key, INT)

o Quantity (INT, CHECK(Quantity > 0))

o Subtotal (DECIMAL(10,2))

6. Payments Table:

o PaymentID (Primary Key, INT, AUTO_INCREMENT)

o OrderID (Foreign Key, INT)

o PaymentDate (DATETIME, DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)

o PaymentMethod (ENUM('CreditCard', 'PayPal', 'CashOnDelivery'))

o Amount (DECIMAL(10,2))

Relationships

1. One-to-Many:

o Users → Orders

o Categories → Products

o Orders → OrderDetails

2. Many-to-One:

o OrderDetails → Products

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 TESTING
1. Functional Testing

 Goal: Ensure that all features work as expected.

 Tests:

o User Registration/Login: Verify that new users can register and existing users
can log in.

o Product Search and Filters: Ensure that search functionality and filters (e.g., by
price, category) work properly.

o Shopping Cart: Test adding/removing products, updating quantities, and

checking cart totals.

o Checkout Process: Verify that users can select a product, enter shipping details,
choose a payment method, and place an order.

o Order Confirmation: Ensure the system generates a confirmation email or order

receipt after purchase.

2. Usability Testing

 Goal: Ensure the website is user-friendly and intuitive.

 Tests:

o Navigation: Test if users can easily find products, categories, and essential pages.

o Mobile Responsiveness: Verify that the website is optimized for different screen
sizes and devices.

o Ease of Checkout: Test the ease of completing a purchase, from product

selection to payment.

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 TESTING TECHNIQUES AND TESTING STRATEGIES USED
Testing Techniques
1. Unit Testing
o Focuses on testing individual components or functions (e.g., payment processing,
cart calculation) to ensure they work as expected.
o Typically automated and ensures that the smallest units of the application are
functioning correctly.
2. Integration Testing
o Verifies that different modules or components of the system work together, such
as the interaction between the product catalog, shopping cart, and checkout
systems.
o Ensures that data flows seamlessly between modules.
3. Functional Testing
o Ensures that all website features (e.g., user registration, product search, checkout
process) work as per the requirements.
o Can be done manually or with automation tools.
 Manual Testing
 Manual testing is performed by testers to check the website’s functionality, usability, and
security.
 Best for testing user experience and exploratory testing (e.g., how easy it is to navigate
the checkout process).
 Automated Testing
 Automated tests are used for repetitive tasks like login, product search, and cart
functionality to ensure continuous quality without human intervention.
 Tools like Selenium, JUnit, or TestCafe can be used for automation.
 Smoke Testing
 A quick initial test to check whether the core functionalities (e.g., login, product display)
are working after deployment or changes.
 Acceptance Testing
 Verifies that the system meets business requirements and end-user expectations.
 Involves real users or stakeholders to confirm the site works as intended.

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