ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FINAL INTERNSIP REPORT
COMPANY NAME: ETHIOPIAN ROADS
ADMINSTRATION
COMPANY SUPERVISOR: MR ARARSO
BY: NAME ID
1. Geleta Bekele ugr/20103/12
2. Naol Mengistu ugr/ /13
3. Segni Yohannes ugr/ /13

Submission Date:
Submitted To: Mr Kamal
 Acknowledgement
First of all we would like to thank the almighty God for all the blessings he has given to us.
Next, we would like to recognize Adama Science and Technology University for its provision
of this curriculum. we also want to express our deepest gratitude to Mr. Ararso for his help and
guidance and also interests to visit at what situation were we are.
we would like to thank our families for their support in our life.
Finally, we want to express our best gratitude to all the host organization workers from the
security guard to the manager for their cooperation and willingness to show us some practical.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
List of figure------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Acronomy and abbreviation------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
Chapter one: Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
1.1 Objective of internship--------------------------------------------------------------------9
1.2 Background of organization--------------------------------------------------------------9
1.2.1 Description of organization----------------------------------------------9
1.2.2 Main Purposes of The Establishment of ECWC---------------------10
1.2.3 Location of ECWC-------------------------------------------------------10
1.2.4 Vision and Mission of The Company----------------------------------10
1.2.5 The Main Customers of The ECWC-----------------------------------10
1.2.6 Structures of The Ethiopia Construction Works Corporation-------11
1.2.7 Major Businesses of The ECWC---------------------------------------12
Chapter Two: Overall Internship In The Company---------------------------------------------------14
2.1 Introduction to shops-----------------------------------------------------------------------14
2.2 Engine Shop---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
2.2.1 Stationary Parts of Engine----------------------------------------------------------15
2.2.2 Engine Cylinder Block-------------------------------------------------------------16
2.2.3 Connecting rods---------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.2.4 Camshaft-----------------------------------------------------------------------------16
2.2.5 Engine Bearings---------------------------------------------------------------------17
2.2.6 Tests conducted before engine overhaul-----------------------------------------18
2.2.7 Measurement taken to overhaul engine------------------------------------------18
2.2.8 Transmission Systems--------------------------------------------------------------19
2.2.9 Clutch --------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
2.2.10 Braking systems-------------------------------------------------------------------22
2.2.10.1 Disc brake----------------------------------------------------------------22
2.2.10.2 Drum brakes----------------------------------------------------------------22
2.3 Machine Shop---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
 2.3.1 Drilling machine-------------------------------------------------------------------------24
2.3.2 Shaper machine--------------------------------------------------------------------------25
2.3.3 Lathe machine---------------------------------------------------------------------------26
2.3.4 Milling machine-------------------------------------------------------------------------27
2.3.5 Grinding machine-----------------------------------------------------------------------29
2.3.6 Power saw/axle--------------------------------------------------------------------------30
2.3.7 Hydraulic press machine---------------------------------------------------------------31
2.4 Electrical service shop--------------------------------------------------------------------------32
2.4.1 Starter------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
2.4.2 Alternator--------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
2.4.3 Maintenance of electrical system-----------------------------------------------------33
2.5 Welding shop------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34
2.5.1 Arc welding-----------------------------------------------------------------------------34
2.5.2 Oxy-acetylene welding---------------------------------------------------------------34
2.6 Tire shop----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
2.6.1 Air compressor-------------------------------------------------------------------------35
2.6.2 Wheel fixing---------------------------------------------------------------------------35
2.6.3 Wheel nut torque---------------------------------------------------------------------35
Chapter 3: Responsibilities and Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------36
3.1 The responsibilities during internship-----------------------------------------------36
3.2 Significance of Internship-------------------------------------------------------------36
3.2.1 Upgrading Theoretical Knowledge---------------------------------------36
3.2.2 Improving interpersonal communication skill--------------------------36
3.2.3 Improving Practical Skill--------------------------------------------------37
3.2.4 Exploring leadership skill-------------------------------------------------37

3.3 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------37
3.4 Recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------------38
3.5 References------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
 List of figures
Figure 1: ECWC Garage
Figure 2: Engine shop
Figure 3: Connnecting rod
Figure 4: Camshaft
Figure 5: Engine Bearing
Figure 6: Transition system
Figure 7: Clutch
Figure 8: Disc brake
Figure 9: Drum brake
Figure 10: Drilling machine
Figure 11: Shaper machine
Figure 12: Lathe machine
Figure 13: Milling machine
Figure 14: Grinding machine
Figure 15: Power axle
Figure 16: Hydraulic press
Figure 17: Features made in the machine shop
Figure 18: Starter
Figure 19: Arc welding and oxy-acetylene
 Acronomy and abbreviation
ECWC-Ethiopian construction work corporation

Eng’g-Engineering

Dep’t-Department

ERCC- Ethiopian road construction corporation

EWWCE- Ethiopian Water works construction enterprise

ERA- Ethiopian Road Administration

 Abstract
Due to the fact that the knowledge of engineering student can be upgraded by the help of
practical experience in each field of the subject matter.
This paper is a report on internship program form June 20 to August 20/2022 for two month.
This report is an outcome of the Internship, which was conducted during we were stayed at
Ethiopian construction Works Corporation. This was an opportunity for us to put in
practice the theoretical knowledge we had acquired during our study. During the internship
period we able to see what is the role of mechanical engineers in such kind of industries
according to the design of different machineries, vehicle servicing, engine overhauling. We
have developed some theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge or skill. The report is
classified under three chapter. The first chapter talk about the objective of internship, history
of the company including its background, vision and values of the company. The second
chapter is about vehicle maintenance which means the overall tasks in the three shops of the
company and also about some of the tools and equipment used in the shop, like scan tool, air
compressor etc. The third chapter focused on our responsibilities during internship period,
conclusion and recommendation.
 Chapter one: Introduction

1.1 Objective of internship

Internship is a good way to receive a job training and gaining of practical knowledge while we
are in campus or before graduation.
The objective of a student participating in an internship is to:
 Explore career alternatives prior to graduation.
 Integrate theory and practice.
 Assess or examine interests and abilities in the field of study.
 Learn to appreciate work and its function in the economy.
 Develop work habits and attitudes necessary for job success.
 Develop communication, interpersonal and other critical skills.
 Build a record of work experience.
 Acquire employment contacts leading directly to a full-time job following graduation
from university.
 The scope of internship work is to indicate the type of activities in which the intern
will likely be engaged. It is not meant to limit or constrain the interns opportunities
and the employer is encouraged to provide a breadth of experience for the intern.

1.2 Background Of The Organization

1.2.1 Description Of Organization

The Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation is a newly established public enterprise with
the aim of becoming a leading, preferred and competitive construction contractor. The
corporation was a result of the amalgamation of two formerly independent public enterprises,
namely the Ethiopian Water Works Construction Enterprise (EWWCE) and the Ethiopian Road
Construction Corporation (ERCC).Although it is a new enterprise in its current form, the
Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation (ECWC) has, therefore, accumulated experience in
the construction industry. Currently, the corporation has two operational sectors: the water
infrastructure construction sector, and the transport infrastructure construction sector. The two
sectors in turn have different projects located in different parts of the country. The headquarters
of the corporation is located in the city of Addis Ababa, and situated in the building of the
former Ethiopian Water Works Construction Enterprise, around Gurdi Shola. The Ethiopian
Construction Works Corporation is newly established on December 18/2015 based on council
of ministers Regulation No 366/2015. This corporation is amended by council of ministers
Regulation No 390/2016, on September 28/2016.
 1.2.2 Main Purposes of The Establishment of ECWC
 To engage in domestic and overseas construction works as a contractor in constructing,
upgrading and maintaining roads, bridges and other civil works:
 To engage in the business of maintaining construction equipment and machinery;
 To engage in the rental business of construction equipment and machinery;
 To produce and sell construction materials;
 To undertake in any other related activities necessary for the attainment of its purposes.
 To solve the problem arise related with the road quality in Ethiopia.
 To give standardized car maintenance, repair replacement of the parts.
 To design and production of the materials for car replacement.

1.2.3 Location of ECWC

The head quarter of the ERA is located around Gurdi Shola, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The
corporation has also more than 183 projects and offices around the country. The office of ERA
(Nekemte district) is approximately 2km far from Wollega University near nekemte fana FM. .
But we were worked at Nekemte District.

1.2.4 Vision and Mission of The Company

1.2.4.1 Vision:
 To be globally competitive construction works contractor and to take the leading position in
Africa.
 To be a worldwide competent construction company by 2025

1.2.4.2 Mission:
 To satisfy the customers and stakeholders of the Corporation by delivering.
  Roads and bridges construction, rehabilitation, upgrading and maintenance
 Construction equipment and machineries maintenance and lease
 Construction materials production and sales,
 Services timely, with competitive price and environmentally friendly manner.

1.2.5 The Main Customers of The ECWC:

 Ethiopian transportation
 Constructions agencies
 Ethiopian electric power corporation and others
 Ethiopian Road Authority

1.2.6 Structures of The Ethiopia Construction Works Corporation

Ethiopia Construction Works Corporation (ECWC) Nekemte District has the following structure and
department brake down with their overall work flow in the organization in this case the main customer
of Ethiopia Construction Works Corporation is Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA). Most Activities of ERA
are under taken by ECWC.
Among them I had been working in Equipment maintenance staff and under this staff there are about
five main shops for mainly Vehicle maintenance and product service (Bolt and nut)…. For instance If a
vehicle need to have service or any maintenance activities (Changing Brake shoe) 1 st the Driver contact
equipment maintenance staff Mechanical Engineering then the staff open shop order and send to the
Inspector by giving the key of the vehicle to the Mechanic Inspector. Finally the Inspector arranges the
mechanics and orders them to do the given job in a given time.
 1.2.7 Major Businesses of The ECWC

The Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation has been established for state-of-the-art construction
solutions. The following are among the major construction businesses that the corporation renders:
 Highways, bridges, railways, and ports.
 Surface and subsurface water supply development.
 Dam construction.
 Hydro power development.
 Irrigation infrastructure, river diversions.
 Industrial projects and warehouses.
 Residential and commercial building construction.
 Management of dam and irrigation infrastructure.
 Management of bulk water production.
 Construction machinery, equipment and warehouse leasing services.
Figure 1: ECWC Garage
 Chapter Two: Overall Internship In The Company
2.1. Introduction To Shops
The company is mainly opened for the purpose of keeping vehicles and machines long life and
also giving maintenance and repair on site to let the work not to stop. It has its own structure
for performing tasks. It has different sub division to accomplish different tasks.
There are many shops in this company. Those are:-
1. Mechanic or Engine shop
2. Machine shop
3. Electrical service shop
4. Welding shop
5. Tire shop

Before we described our task in the above shops first lets we describe some tools and
equipment’s that commonly used during maintenances. In ECWC shops there are various tools
used. Most of them are manuals (operated by hands). These tools are:-

 Torque Wrenches,
 Sockets and Ratchets,
 Screw drivers& Spanners
 Combination and box
 Hammers, chisel, and Vise

2.2 Engine Shop

This shop contains engines, parts of engines, crankshaft, camshaft, connecting rod, piston, gear
box, and many small parts of engine. They only use for storing this part in this shop.
Engine is a mechanical device that converts chemical energy (fuel) into kinetic energy
(motion). An internal combustion engine is the engine in which combustion (burning of fuel)
takes place in the cylinder of engine by burning of the fuel high temperature and pressure force
generates. This pressure force used to move the vehicle or rotate wheels by use of some
mechanism. In an engine many parts work together and achieve to be a goal of converting
chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy. These parts are bolted together and the
combination of all these parts is knows as engine.
Figure 2: Engine shop

2.2.1 Stationary Parts of Engine

The stationary parts of an engine include the cylinder block and cylinders, the cylinder head or heads,
and the exhaust and intake manifolds. These parts furnish the framework of the engine. All movable
parts are attached to or fitted into this framework.

2.2.2 Engine Cylinder Block

The cylinder block is the basic frame of a liquid-cooled engine whether it is in-line,
horizontally opposed, or V-type. The cylinder block is a solid casting made of cast iron or
aluminum that contains the crankcase, the cylinders, the coolant passages, the lubricating
passages, and, in the case of flat head engines, the valves seats, the ports, and the guides. The
cylinder block is a one-piece casting usually made of an iron alloy that contains nickel and
molybdenum. This is the best overall material for cylinder blocks. It provides excellent wearing
qualities and low material and production cost, and it changes dimensions only minimally when
heated.

2.2.3 ConnectingRods
Connecting rods connect the pistons to the crankshaft to convert reciprocating motion into
rotary motion. The connecting rods are in the form of an I-beam. This design gives the highest
overall strength and lowest weight. They are made of forged steel but may also be made of
aluminum in smaller engines.

Figure 3: connecting rod

2.2.4 Camshaft
The camshaft provides for the opening and closing of the engine valves. The cam shaft is
enclosed in the engine block. It has eccentric lobes (cams) ground on it for each valve in the
engine. As the camshaft rotates, the cam lobe moves up under the valve tappet, exerting an
upward thrust through the tappet against the valve stem or the pushrod.
 Figure 4: camshaft

2.2.5 Engine Bearings

Bearings are installed in an engine where there is relative motion between parts. Camshaft
bearings are called sleeve bearings because they are in the shape of a sleeve that fits around the
rotating journal or shaft, as shown in Figure below View A. Connecting rod or crankshaft
(main) bearings are of the split or half type, as shown in Figure below B. On main bearings, as
shown in Figure, View C, the upper half is installed in the counter bore in the cylinder block.
The lower-bearing half is held in place by the bearing cap. On connecting rod bearings, the
upper-bearing half is installed in the rod and the lower half is placed in the rod cap. The piston
pin bearing in the connecting rod is of the full round or bushing type.

Figure 5: Engine Bearing

Most engine problems are:
 Engine noises
 Low oil pressure
 Engine over heating
 Loss of power, misfiring
  Hard starting
 Service year and maintenance time
 Sound during operation
 Electrical system
Tests conducted before engine overhaul:-

When the vehicles come to Garage, first they pass through diagnosis.

Diagnosis is a method of finding out the troubles within an engine by visual

examination, by the sound produced, by the smoke of the exhaust and/or with the help
of instruments.
some of the tests are:-

 Inspect engine coolant

 Inspect engine oil (Check oil level using dipstick, viscosity and its quality)
 Inspect battery
 Inspect v-ribbed belt tensioner assembly
 Inspect air cleaner filter element sub assembly
 Inspect engine idle speed
 Inspect maximum engine speed
 Inspect cylinder compression pressure

Measurement taken to overhaul engine:

1. Disassembling Engine:

Engine disassembly is carried out in a sequence as follows.

 Remove the water pump; exhaust manifold, oil filter, thermostat, crankshaft pulley,
oil pump and timing gears.
 Remove cylinder head.
 Remove oil pan.
 Remove piston and connecting rod assembly (give the numbers on pistons and
connecting rods for easy reassembling.
 Remove flywheel and crankshaft.
2. Cleaning and Inspection:

After disassembling all the parts, clean and inspect them carefully, replace the defective parts.
 All parts should be cleaned with kerosene and dry them with the compressed air.
 The cylinder walls may be inspected for scoring. The cylinder may require re
boring or re honing if scores are present.
 To inspect piston for scores, remove the ring without breaking them. In case of
deep scores, replace the piston. While light scores may be polished off. Measure
the clearance between the sides of the piston in the cylinder. In case they are
scored. Replace them.
 Inspect the piston ring for damage or wear. If these are defective, replace them.
 Inspect the connecting rod small end and big end bearings. If these all scored or
pitted. Service with the rebutting.
 Check the valve face and seat. If any part is defective service the valve face with
the valve re facing and cut the valve seat for correct setting of valves.

2.2.6 Transmission Systems

It is the mechanism through which the driving torque of the engine is transmitted to the driving
wheel of the vehicle. The transmission is a sort of speed and power changing device needed
between the engine of the automobile and its driving wheel. A transmission system includes:
 Clutch,
 Gear box,
 Propeller shaft,
 Final drive, and
 Differential system.
The essential parts of the gear box are-the gear case consisting of two halves these are: -
 Drive shaft assembly,
 Counter shaft assembly ,
 Main shaft assembly,
 Synchronizing device assembly
 speed gear assembly
 Gear shifting mechanism.

Figure 6: Transmission system

Requirements of Transmission System:-
 Provide means of connection and disconnection of engine with rest of power train
without shock and smoothly.
 Provide a varied leverage between the engine and the drive wheels
 Provide means to transfer power in opposite direction.
 Enable power transmission at varied angles and varied lengths.
 Enable diversion of power flow at right angles.
 Provide means to drive the driving wheels at different speeds when required.

Transmission problems with remedies

NO PROBLEM CAUSE REMEDY
1 Transmission Low lubricant level. Refill lubricant
noise Input shaft gear badly worn or Replace input shaft gear
broken. Replace input shaft bearing
Input shaft bearing badly worn or Correct misalignment
broken. Replace countershaft drive gear
Wear in countershaft drive gear Replace the worn gear
Wear in reverse and/or reverse idler Replace countershaft bearing
gear
Countershaft bearings badly worn
2 Transmission Engine clutch not releasing. Detect and repair as necessary.
difficult to Distorted or burred output shaft Correct or repair
shift splines. Readjust the linkage.
Improper adjustment of shift linkage. Re-correct clutch adjustment.
Incorrect clutch adjustment. Use the proper grade of lubricant.
Incorrect lubricant.
3 Transmission Damage oil seals. Replace the oil seals.
leaks oil Damaged or missing gaskets. Replace the O - rings.
Case or cover bolts loose or missing. Replace the gaskets.
High lubricant level. Tighten or replace the bolts.
Loose or broken input shaft bearing Use the proper grade of lubricant.
retainer. Replace the seals.
Worn shift lever seals.

2.2.7 Clutch
A clutch is a mechanism which engages and disengages power from engine to transmission.
When the clutch is engaged, the power flows from the engine to the rear wheels through the
transmission system and the vehicle moves. Clutch is disengaged when:
a. Starting the engine,
b. Shifting the gears,
c. Idling the engine
 Figure 7: Clutch

The clutch principle is based on friction. When two friction surfaces are brought in contact
with each other and pressed they are united due to friction between them. If one is revolved
the other will also revolve. The friction between the two surfaces depends upon:

o Area of the surface,

o Pressure applied upon them,
o Coefficient of friction of the surface materials

2.2.8 Braking systems

Purposes of braking system:

• Stop the vehicle by converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle to heat energy.
• Heat energy is created in the brakes by friction.
• Friction is created between a moving and a non-moving surface at each wheel to
generate the heat.
• Disc and drum brakes are the most common type of braking systems used.

2.2.8.1 Disc brake:

In a disc brake, the fluid from the master cylinder is forced into a caliper where it presses
against piston’s. Piston in turn squeezes two brake pads against the disc (rotor),which is
attached to wheel, forcing it to slow down or stop.
 Figure 8: Disc brake

2.2.8.2 Drum brakes

The drum brake has a metal brake drum that encloses the brake assembly at each wheel. Two
curved brake shoes expand outward to slow or stop the drum which rotates with the wheel
Shoes press against a rotating surface. In this system that surface is called a drum. Drum brake
also has an adjuster mechanism, an emergency brake mechanism and lots of springs. The shoes
are pulled away from the drum by the springs when the brakes are released.

Figure 9: Drum brake

2.3 Machine Shop

A machine shop is a room, building, or company where machining is done. Machining can be
defined as the operation of removing the excess metal by means of a cutting tool, in the
machine tool; to obtain the desired shape, size and surface finish.

Purpose of machine tools

  to improve production rates
 to reduce cost of production
 to reduce fatigue of workers
 to achieve better quality

Machines available in machine shop are:

 Drilling machine
 Shaper machine.
 Lathe machine
 Milling machine
 Power axle
 Grinding machines
 Hydraulic press

1. Drilling machine: is a machine tool designed for drilling round hole in metallic and non-
metallic materials. The cutting tool is a multi-point cutting tool knows as drill or drill bit.
Operations done by drilling machine are:

 Drilling
 Boring
 Reaming
 Tapping
 Counter boring
Figure 10: Drilling machine

2. Shaper machine: is a machine tool in which the plane and flat surface is produced by a
single point cutting tool by a reciprocating motion. In which the ram moves the cutting tool
backward and forward in a straight line to generate the flat surface. The flat surface may be
horizontal or vertical.
Operations performed on shaper machines are all type of flat surfaces which may be horizontal,
inclined, or vertical.
Figure 11: Shaper machine

3, Lathe machine: is one of the earliest machine tools and one of the most versatile and widely
used as a machine tool for performing the machine operations.
A lathe machine is a stationary cutting tool used for shaping metal which is referred as work
pieces. The lathe machine removes unwanted parts of the workpiece to produce the desired
product.
The most common operations which can be performed on lathe machine are:-

 Facing
 Drilling
 Boring
 Threading
 Cutting
  Grooving
 Knurling
 Shaping

Figure 12: Lathe machine

4, Milling machine: is a process of metal removal cutting by means of multi teeth of metal (points)
rotating tools called cutter.

Milling is a process of machining using rotary cutters remove material by advancing a cutter into a
workpiece. This may be done by varying directions on one or several axes, cutter head speed, and
pressure.

Milling covers a wide variety of different operations and machines, on scales from individual parts to
large, heavy-duty gang milling operations. It is one of the most commonly used processes for
machining custom parts to precise tolerances.
Figure 13: Milling Machine
5. Grinding machine: is a process of removal by the abrasive action of a revolving wheel
(grinding wheel) from the surface of the blanks, in order to bring it to the required shape and
size.
Operation performed by grinder
 Surface grinding
 Face grinding

Figure 14: Grinding machine

 6. Power saw/axle: This is just used for cutting different types of metals

Figure 15: Power Axle

7. Hydraulic press machine: This machine is used for pressing the material which have high
rigidity or it`s difficult to press by man power. For example; to press the bearing to torque
bushing rod.

Figure 16: Hydraulic Press

The machine shop Services include:
 Boring
 Teeth of loader (grader)
 Shafts
 Bolts
 Washers
 Nut
 Spacer
 Other spare parts

Figure 17: Features made in machine shop

2.4 Electrical service shop

This shop is need special attention rather than other shop because there is some acids and
battery cables that may damage our body and need special care. In this shop device maintained
are like stator, alternator, and battery.
2.4.1 Starter:-It is essential to start the automotive Engine. The crank most run fast enough for
air fuel mixture to enter the cylinder. An electronic starter or starting motor does this job. It
convert electrical energy from the battery into mechanical energy that rotates the crank shaft. It
has two basic parts an armature and a field frame.
Figure 18: Starter
Parts of starter are:-
 Main housing (yoke)
 Over running clutch, and pinion gear assembly
 Armature
 Field coils with brushes attached
 brush holder and solenoid
 brush holder and solenoid
Starter motor trouble shouting:-

Possible causes Remedy

Weak or dead battery Charge or replace the battery

Bad starting system cables Replace/repair cables connections

Bad ignition switch or wiring Replace /repair the switch wiring

Bad starter solenoid Replace starter solenoid

2.4.2 Alternator: Alternator is one of the most important electrical components used to charge
automotive battery. The main components of alternator are; Rotor, Stator, Regulator, Rectifier
or diodes, Carbon brush, lending, Pole, Fans, Pulleys belts, Outer cover or casing or housing
This shop is doing so many works, like maintenance of alternator, starter, servicing the
battery, repairing the construction machine controller, maintenance of the light system, horn,
wiper and any system that is related with electric.
In this shop, most of a vehicle`s electrical systems are maintained and replaced by a new one.
2.4.3 Maintenance of electrical system contains:
  Filling the battery with proper proportion of water and acid.
 If the battery is either dead or over used, recharging of the battery.
 Maintain the wires of display gauges
 Preparing the distilled water by purifier to mix with sulphury acid

2.5 Welding shop

In this shop different construction molds and different vehicle components were got welded
and in this shop there are different welding machines like arc welding, oxyacetylene gas
welding machines were available for their work.
It is known that welding is a process of joining similar or dissimilar metal together by
application of heat with or without the application of pressure and filler material. In this shop
most the works are undertaken by Arc welding because it is safer than that of the gas welding.
Welding of broken hose and other activities are undertaken by electric arc welding.

Figure 19: arc welding and oxy-acetylene

In case of oxy-acetylene it use equipment such as oxygen gas cylinder- which is painted black
and it has pressure regulator (right handed) to regulate flow as well as to lower the pressure of
the gas. The shop is mainly uses oxy-acetylene and arc welding. Most vehicles are welded by
oxy-acetylene because the thickness of the body is very less.
 2.6 Tire shop
Tires shop is one of the types of workshop which is available Ethiopia construction work
corporation garage. In this shop so many works is doing, those works are:
 Checking the pressure of the tires
 Inflating the tires
 Maintaining the bump (attaching the bumper) and etc.

In this to perform the above works it uses different types of machines, such as air compressor,
air pressure gauge, grinder, and etc.

2.6.1 Air compressor: in this shop air compressor is used to inflating the tires. To inflating the
tiers first of all the compressor must be filled by the atmospheric air and the starting to
inflating, but the result is reading from the gauge.

2.6.2 Wheel fixing

Wheel studs and nuts attach the wheel to the hub.

The wheel studs press through the hub or axle flange.

The taper on the wheel nuts secures and centers the wheel.

Wheel studs usually have a right hand thread.

If it is a left hand thread , it can be marked with “L”

Metric threads can be marked with m or metric.

2.6.3 Wheel nut torque

Correct torque of wheel fixing is vital for all vehicles,

and nearly all require the use of a torque wrench

Excessive torque can lead to wheel or hub distortion,

causing run out and vibration.

Low torque may allow wheel nuts to work loose and

wheels to come off

Nuts should always be tightened in a diagonal pattern.

 Chapter 3: Responsibilities and Conclusion

3.1 The responsibilities during internship

During internship period we were responsible for the following:
 Formation of peaceful interaction with workers
 Taking a care of all properties of the company
 Responsible for focusing on a given duties until it is completed
 Ensuring that all interaction with employees are conducted with respect and dignity
 Reject unnecessary practice during activities
 Responsible Respecting rule and regulation of the company
 Ask and get permission from supervisor or career prior to practice any task by myself

3.2 Significance of Internship

Internship is a means of gaining experience for university students prior to graduation.
We could improve our practical skill and upgrading theoretical knowledge and also help
to visualize it. So internship is very important for students to know about the organization in
terms of:-
 Improving interpersonal communication skill
 Improving practical skill
 Exploring about leadership skill
 Improving team work skill
 Understanding about work ethics

3.2.1 Upgrading Theoretical Knowledge

One of the aim of internship program is to develop the theoretical knowledge with the
help of practical work, which performed in the company and integrate with the theory
what we have learnt in class.
3.2.2 Improving interpersonal communication skill
Interpersonal communication skill is a skill that uses day to day activities in our life when
communicate and interact with other peoples, individually and in group by exchanging
information.
One of the challenge in our internship at the beginning of the day was lack of communicating
with the workers. This prohibits from asking and understanding about the vehicles, eventually
when the interpersonal communication skill is improved we feel free to ask any question and
see them friendly.
3.2.3 Improving Practical Skill
Improving practical skill can be achieved by participating in every of the activities which is
performed in the organization. during internship period we have improved some practical skill
in the three different shops of the company by observation and practice how the worker identify
various problems and how they rich to a solution for the particular problems
3.2.4 Exploring leadership skill
Leadership is a process of leading the worker in the organization. In different duration of time
there are different problems raised in the organization, so the person who is in the position of
leadership is responsible to provide a solution and should be smart enough to manage those
individuals.
For instance, when the workers are doing their given task how the leader manage if
they do some fault to succeed their job exactly and what the relation looks like with works.
Leadership skills are essential component in positioning executives to make thoughtful decision
about the organization’s mission and goal, and properly allocate resources to achieve those
directives. valuable leadership skill include the ability to delegate, inspire and communicate
effectively.
During the time of stay we also observe good leadership skill:
 Controlling and guiding workers wisely
 Respecting and treating customers
 Follow up the working flow and interact with workers

3.3 Conclusion
Throughout out internship period we could understand about definition and working principle
of some components of vehicle engine and power train system, vehicle service, engine
overhauling and electrical system repair. We also realize how much internship is very
important. During internship period not only observe and improve academic issues rather many
other things for our future like improving good communication skill, leadership skill, about
work ethics, entrepreneurship and team working.
Generally, internship play an important role for student to think more and for the companies
while hiring or recruiting fresh graduates from university to understand their training easily and
to begin the job
 3.4 Recommendation

During our internship time we have been seen a lot of problems regarding tire changing
mechanism, out of those were removing and tightening of the wheel nut. To remove the nuts,
traditional way are still used i.e. L wrench socket which can remove only one nut at a time.
This method takes time, waste man power. To overcome those problems we decided to design
all nut remover and tightening machine. It can remove and tighten 5 nuts at once. So our final
recommendation for ERA is that you should have to change this mechanism to practical in the
short period of time to save the manpower and wastage of time.

References:
 Service manual
 Technicians and co-workers
 Wikipedia
 Motor Vehicle text book