Social Science  |  Class 10 | 7

Advantages of this system are as follows: (i) Banks are not present everywhere in rural India
(i) In this party system, the government is stable and where they are present, getting a loan from
as it comes to power by majority. a bank is very difficult than taking a loan from
(ii) In this system, opposition is strong and the informal sources.
effective. (ii) Banks do not sanction any loan to the borrowers
Disadvantages of this system are as follows: if they have not cleared the previous loans.
(i) Sometimes, it is considered as undemocratic as (iii) Bank loans require proper documents and
the ideological choice is limited between two collateral that poor people in rural India cannot
parties. Also public opinion cannot be expressed produce to the bank.
properly. (iv) Informal lenders such as moneylenders know
(ii) It is difficult to remove the government and it the borrowers personally and so are willing to
can result in the dictatorship of the cabinet, i.e., give a loan without collateral.
the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers (v) Rural people get easy loans from the richer
can dictate the nation. households through informal ways.

OR Section-E
(b) There are various reasons for lack of internal
34. (i) G andhiji organised his first campaign of
democracy within the political parties:
Satyagraha or mass Civil Disobedience
(i) Parties do not keep membership registers, do Movement in South Africa to fight against
not hold organisational meetings and do not injustice and class division.
conduct internal elections regularly. (ii) In the use of Satyagraha, there is no ill-will.
(ii) Ordinary members of the party do not get One could win the battle through non-violence
sufficient information on what happens inside and this could be done by appealing to the
conscience of the oppressor. Also, the people
the party.
had to be persuaded to see the truth instead
(iii) They do not have the means needed to influence
of being forced to accept truth through the
the decisions. So, the leaders assume greater soul-force.
power to make decisions in the name of the (iii) Gandhiji described passive resistance as a
party. weapon of the weak and did not exclude
(iv) Since very few leaders exercise paramount the use of physical force or violence for the
power in the party, those who disagree with purpose of gaining one’s end. He explained
passive resistance as the concept to fight
the leadership find it difficult to continue in the
against something evil but never hurting the
party.
opponent.
(v) Personal loyalty to the leader becomes more
35. (i) T hrough irrigation facilities, farmers in many
important than the loyalty to party principles parts of India have shifted their cropping
and policies. pattern to water intensive and commercial
33. (a) Cheap and affordable credit is important for crops as can be seen in the states of Punjab
the country’s development due to the following and Haryana.
reasons: (ii) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers caused
a riot over the higher priority given to water
(i) Cheap and affordable credit would lead to the
supply in urban areas particularly drought
higher income.
conditions.
(ii) Many people could borrow for a variety of
(iii) Inter-state water disputes are disagreements
needs. on the sharing of water and other resources
(iii) It enables more investment that results in the of rivers and other water bodies among State
acceleration of economic activities. Governments.
(iv) It encourages people to invest in agriculture,
Such disputes are raised due to unresolved
do business and set up small scale industries, problems regarding sharing of the costs and
benefits of multi-purpose projects on these
etc.
rivers.
(v) Affordable credit would also end the cycle of
36. (i) F
oreign Trade is the exchange of goods
the debt-trap.
and services between two countries in the
OR international market. It helps in the availability
(b) Poor households are still dependent on informal of raw material/finished product in a country
sources of credit due to the following reasons: that either does not have.
 Social Science  |  Class 10 | 5

PAPER-2
Answers

Section-A (i) China had a well placed bureaucratic structure

whereby the civil servants were selected and
1. (a) 11. (b) recruited through examination system.
2. (d) 12. (c) (ii) To cater to the examination, large amount
3. (c) 13. (c)
of textbooks were printed and produced by
4. (d) 14. (c)
the Imperial State. With the increase in the
5. (d) 15. (a)
6. (d) civil service aspirants, there was a substantial
16. (d)
7. (a) increase in the printed books.
17. (b)
8. (d) 18. (a) (iii) Increase in trading activities resulted in
9. (c) 19. (d) merchants collecting and circulating trade
10. (d) 20. (c) information.
(iv) Later, fictions, autobiographies, poetry also
Section-B came to be published. Women also became
part of reading culture who began to publish
21. The languages that are dominantly spoken in their plays and poetry.  (Any three)
Belgium are Dutch and French. 26. (a) There has been a big change in the level of
22. Most of the powers in Belgium were in the hands economic activities performed in the primary,
of Central Government before 1993, but after that, secondary and tertiary sectors but a similar shift
the regional governments were given constitutional has not taken place in the share of employment.
This is because of the following facts:
powers. Thus, Belgium shifted from a unitary to a
(i) At the time of independence, primary sector
federal form of government.
was the largest contributor towards GDP and
23. A crop that is commercial crop in Punjab, but also employed the largest number of people.
subsistence in Odisha because of: (ii) Today the tertiary sector contributes the highest
(i) Rice is a commercial crop in Punjab as it is grown towards GDP but primary sector continues to be
in huge quantities for commercial purposes. the largest employer. This is because enough
(ii) In Odisha, farmers grow mostly for self- jobs were not created in the secondary and
consumption. tertiary sectors.
(iii) More than half of the workers in the country are
24. (a) Economic crises often led to factory closures
working in the primary sector producing only
and reduced production. When jute mills and
one-quarter of the goods. Whereas secondary
factories shut down or scaled back their operations
and tertiary sectors produce three-fourths of
due to reduced demand, it resulted in wide spread the produce employing half of the country’s
unemployment among the labour force, which workers.
included many rural workers from Bengal. (iv) Primary sector has disguised unemployment
OR whereas workers in secondary and tertiary
sectors work overtime.
(b) The economists and politicians learnt two key
lessons from inter-war economic experience. These OR
are: (b) ‘Public sector has the following contribution to
(i) An industrial society based on mass production the economic development of India.’
cannot be sustained without mass consumption. (i) It promotes rapid economic development
(ii) There was a need for high and stable income through creation and expansion of infrastructure.
which depends on full employment of the people. (ii) It creates employment opportunities.
(iii) It generates financial resources for development.
Section-C (iv) It is ensuring equality of income, wealth and
thus, a balanced regional development.
25. Imperial State in China had been the major producer
of printed material for a long time because of the (v) It encourages development of small, medium
following reasons: and cottage industries.
6 |
27. Jute is known as ‘golden fibre’.  (iii) It is very economical too.
Two geographical conditions essential for cultivation (iv) Nuclear power releases tremendous amounts of
of jute are as follows: energy. India can utilise this energy for peaceful
(i) Jute grows well in a temperature of 25°C. purposes such as generation of electricity.
(ii) 150–200 cm rainfall is essential for the (v) Nuclear energy is a very clean energy if it is
cultivation of jute. well designed and well managed. It has no
It is used to manufacture: atmospheric pollution and produces little waste.
(i) gunny bags (ii) mats 31. (a) Culture played an important role in creating the
(iii) ropes (iv) carpets idea of ‘nation’ in Europe. This can be explained with
28. The advantages of decentralisation are as follows: the help of the following examples:
(i) It enables people to directly participate in (i) Romanticism was a European cultural
decision-making. movement aimed at developing national unity
(ii) It helps to inculcate the habit of democratic by creating a sense of shared heritage and
participation.
common history.
(iii) It reduces the burden on Centre and State (ii) The Romantic artists’ laid emphasis on
Governments. emotions, intuitions and mystical feelings
(iv) One-third of all positions are reserved for and gave shape and expression to nationalist
women in all local bodies. This has led to sentiments.
women empowerment. (iii) Folk songs, dances and poetry contributed
29. (i) The comparison between 1973-74 and 2013-14, to popularising the spirit of nationalism and
show that over forty one years between patriotism in Europe. Collecting and recording
1973-74 and 2013-14, production in all three different forms of folk culture was important
sectors has increased. for building national consciousness.
(ii) The conclusion that can be drawn is tertiary (iv) The Polish composer, Karol Kurpinski celebrated
sector has become the largest producing sector. and popularised the Polish nationalist struggle
through his operas and music, turning folk
Section-D dances like the polonaise and mazurka into
nationalist symbols.
30. (a) Biogas can solve the energy problem in rural (v) Language also played a distinctive role in
areas due to the following reasons: developing nationalist feelings in Europe. During
(i) It produces gas having higher thermal efficiency Russian occupation, the use of Polish came to
than charcoal and kerosene. be seen as a symbol of struggle against Russian
(ii) It provides a way for optimum use of plant and dominance. During this period, Polish language
animal wastes. was forced out of schools and Russian language
was imposed everywhere. The emphasis on the
(iii) It provides enriched organic manure which
use of vernacular language helped to spread
can supplement or even replace chemical
the message of national unity.
fertilizers’. OR
(iv) It burns smoothly and does not leave much of (b) The following steps were taken by French
the residue behind. Revolutionaries to create a sense of collective
Some suggestions to improve the biogas energy
identity among the French people:
production in rural areas are: (i) The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le
(i) People in the rural areas should be provided citoyen (the citizen) were introduced which
with monetary assistance by the government. emphasised the notion of a united community.
(ii) Awareness must be created to use these (ii) A new flag, the Tricolour replaced the former
alternative sources of energy. Royal Standard flag.
(iii) The Estates General was elected by the body
OR
of active citizens and it was renamed as the
(b) Nuclearenergy is expected to play an increasingly
National Assembly.
important role in India due to the following reasons: (iv) New hymns were composed and martyrs
(i) India has limited reserves of coal and petroleum. commemorated all in the name of the nation.
Nuclear energy minerals like thorium are found (v) A centralised system of administration was
in plenty in India. Hence nuclear energy can introduced, uniform laws were made for all
compensate for deficiency in fossil fuels. citizens. 
(ii) Nuclear power stations can be established 32. (a) A country in which only two parties contest
easily and conveniently in those areas where elections to come to power is called bi-party or two-
other sources are not available. party system.
8 |
(ii) T he foreign trade had been the main channel Section-F
connecting countries due to the following
reasons: 37. (a)
(a) There were trade routes connecting India
and South Asia to markets both in the East INDIA
and West. Outline Map
(b) There was extensive trade that took place
along these routes and it was trading
interests which attracted the trading
companies such as the East India Company
to India.
(iii) The basic functions of foreign trade are as
follows:
(a) Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the
producers to reach beyond the domestic
markets.
(b) Producers can sell their products not only
in markets located within the country but
they can also compete in markets located in
other countries of the world.
(c) For the buyers, import of goods produced in
another country is one way of expanding the
choice of goods beyond what is domestically
produced. (Any two)

(b)

INDIA
Outline Map

(ii) Narora

(i) Bokaro
Kandla
(iv)

(iii)
Bellary
 Social Science  |  Class 10 | 9

PAPER-3
Answers

Section-A Section-C
1. (a) 11. (d) 25. Many people believed that print culture created
2. (a) 12. (d) conditions for the French Revolution in 1789. Their
3. (c) 13. (a) belief is based on the reasons discussed ahead:
4. (c) 14. (d) (i) The print technology popularised the ideas of
the enlightened thinkers. They wanted the rule
5. (b) 15. (d)
of reason and demanded that everything should
6. (a) 16. (b)
be judged on the basis of reason and rationality.
7. (b) 17. (a)
They attacked the authority of the Church and
8. (a) 18. (d) despotic power of the state. The writings of
9. (a) 19. (d) philosophers like Voltaire and Rousseau were
10. (b) 20. (c) read widely and inspired the revolutionaries with
ideas of equality and freedom.
Section-B (ii) Print created a new culture of debate and
dialogue. All values and institutions were
21. A coalition government may not agree on policy
re-evaluated. The existing beliefs were
decisions that can affect a country’s progress.
questioned. With the print, a new idea of social
22. ‘Holding together federation’ is a federation where a revolution began to take shape.
large country decides to divide the powers between (iii) By 1780s, the published literature mocked the
the Central Government and the Government of the royalty and their sense of morality. In other
States. For Example: India. words, it questioned the social order.
23. He can cultivate maize in his state because: 26. (a)  There has been a big change in the level of
(i) Maize can be grown on a variety of soils ranging economic activities performed in the primary,
from sandy to clayey, so maize is mainly grown secondary and tertiary sectors but a similar shift
has not taken place in the share of employment.
in Karimnagar districts of Andhra Pradesh.
This is because of the following facts:
(ii) There is an immense scope from growing maize
(i) At the time of independence, primary sector
as an irrigated crop under Srirampadasagar was the largest contributor towards GDP and
and Nagarjuna sagar projects and also in the also employed the largest number of people.
non-traditional areas of the remaining districts (ii) Today the tertiary sector contributes the highest
of Andhra Pradesh. towards GDP but primary sector continues to be
24. (a) The two changes that occurred in West Punjab in the largest employer. This is because enough
the 19th century are: jobs were not created in the secondary and
tertiary sectors.
(i) Land Tenure System.
(iii) More than half of the workers in the country are
(ii) Introduction of Western Education.
working in the primary sector producing only
OR
one-quarter of the goods. Whereas secondary
(b) ‘Many a times introduction of new crops make and tertiary sectors produce three-fourths of
the difference between life and death’. This can the produce employing half of the country’s
be understood with the example of potato. workers.
(i) Potato was discovered in America and then (iv) Primary sector has disguised unemployment
introduced in Europe. After its introduction, whereas workers in secondary and tertiary
the Europe’s poor began to eat better and live sectors work overtime.
OR
longer.
(b)  The objectives of implementing the NREGA
(ii) Ireland’s poorest peasants were so dependent
2005 are the following:
on potatoes that during the Great Irish Potato
(i) To provide livelihood to people below the
Famine (1845-1849), around 10,00,000 people poverty line. This scheme guaranteed hundred
died of starvation in Ireland and double the days of wage employment in a year to every
number emigranted in search of work. rural household in the country.
 Social Science  |  Class 10 | 11
(v) The system of levying and collecting taxes was 33. (a) The formal sector loans are given by banks and
made more equitable. Nobles, middle classes cooperatives. This sector charges low interest on
and peasants became subjects of the state, all credit extended but still the poor farmers and
equally liable to pay taxes. workers do not approach this sector because it
(vi) Guild restrictions were abolished, internal tariff requires proper documentation and provision
barriers were removed. of collateral for the purpose of extending credit.
(vii) Transport and communication systems were So, the measures to make formal sector loan
improved. beneficial for poor farmers and workers are:
(viii) Common currency and standardised weights (i) The formal sector should ensure that everyone
and measures were introduced.  receives loans.
32. (a) P  olitical parties are the axis of the government. It (ii) It should ensure self-help group and bank
is very difficult to imagine a democracy without linkage.
the political parties due to the given reasons: (iii) More cooperatives and banks should be set up
in rural areas.
(i) Without political parties, every candidate in the
(iv) Statutory requirements for obtaining loans
elections will become independent. So, no one
should be reduced.
will be able to make any promise to the people
(v) The need for collateral should be scrapped.
about any major policy changes and new policies.
OR
(ii) As societies became large and complex, they (b)  The self-help groups help the borrowers to
also need some agency to gather different overcome the problem of lack of collateral
views on various issues and to present these to security in the following ways:
the government. This is fulfiled by the political (i) Self-help group is able to solve collateral
parties. problem as members can take small loans from
(iii) The rise of political parties is directly linked to it to meet their needs without any collateral.
the emergence of representative democracies. (ii) People can get timely loans for a variety of
Large scale societies need a representative purposes and at a reasonable interest rate.
democracy. (iii) The decisions regarding savings and loan
(iv) The government may be formed, but its utility activities are taken by the group members
which decides about the loans to be granted,
will remain uncertain. Elected representatives
the purpose amount, interest to be charged,
will be accountable to their constituencies only. repayment schedule, etc. In this, the group is
But no one will be responsible as to how the responsible for the repayment of the loan.
country will run. (iv) SHGs are regular in their savings which can be
(v) The role of an opposition party in a democracy used as monetary help.
necessitates the existence of political parties. (v) Due to these features of SHGs, banks are willing
to lend to poor women when organised even
OR
though they have no collateral as such.
(b) A multi-party system is one in which more than
two parties contest elections. Section-E
We have multi-party system in India because of
the following reasons: 34. (i) P eople understood the nation as a community
(i) India is a vast country with great social and of people formed on the basis of a combination
geographical diversity. People speak different of shared features such as language, history,
ethnicity, culture and/or territory. Thus, a nation
languages, profess, different religions and
refers to the collective identity of a group of
pursue different customs and traditions.
people understood as defined by those features.
(ii) Some areas or regions are very prosperous (ii) The growth of modern nationalism intimately
while other are underdeveloped and backward. connected to the anti-colonial movement in the
As a result, all the diversities cannot be following ways:
absorbed and looked after only by one or two (a) Colonisation affected people’s freedom.
parties. (b) The sense of oppression and exploitation
(iii) A large number of regional and state level become a common bond for people of
parties like DMK, Telugu Desam, Indian National different groups that resulted in the growth
Lok Dal, Akali Dal and National Conference, etc. of nationalist ideals.
(c) People began discovering their unity in the
have been established to look after the regional
process of their struggle with colonialism.
interests.
(iii) People in India developed a sense of collective
(iv) Since multiple party systems allow various belonging in the following ways:
interests and opinions to enjoy political (a) The creation of the image of Bharat Mata by
representations, therefore India has adopted Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay created a
this system. sense of oneness among the people.
12 |
(b) The creation of the India flag by Gandhiji (b) The workers work only for a fixed number of
created the nationalism feel among the hours. If they work more, they have to be paid
citizens. overtime wages by the employers.
35. (i) Through irrigation facilities, farmers in many
parts of India have shifted their cropping Section-F
pattern to water intensive and commercial
crops as can be seen in the states of Punjab 37. (a)
and Haryana.
(ii) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers caused INDIA
a riot over the higher priority given to water Outline Map
supply in urban areas particularly drought
conditions.
(iii) Inter-state water disputes are disagreements
on the sharing of water and other resources
of rivers and other water bodies among State
Governments.
Such disputes are raised due to unresolved
problems regarding sharing of the costs and
benefits of multi-purpose projects on these B.
rivers.
36. (i) A
 n organised sector is one in which there are A.
some formal processes and procedures.
(ii) It is mandatory for organised sector to follow
the rules and regulations framed under
various laws like Factory Act, Minimum Wages
Act, etc.
(iii) Advantages of working in the organised sector
are:
(a) Workers enjoy security of employment. They
cannot be removed from employment without
proper reasons.
(b)

INDIA
Outline Map

Kalol

Rajiv Gandhi
International
Airport

H Software Technology Park

Kudremuph International Airport
Oilfield
Iron-ore mines.
 Social Science  |  Class 10 | 13

PAPER-4
Answers

Section-A (i) As primary education became compulsory from

the late nineteenth century, children became an
1. (d) 11. (d) important category of readers.
2. (d) 12. (b) (ii) A children’s press was set-up in France in 1857.
3. (b) 13. (a) This press published new works as well as old
4. (b) 14. (a) fairy tales and folktales. The Grimm Brothers
5. (a) 15. (d) in Germany spent years compiling traditional
6. (d) 16. (a) folktales gathered from peasants.
7. (a) 17. (b) (iii) Women became important as readers as well
8. (b) 18. (b) as writers. Penny magazines were especially
meant for women as were manuals teaching
9. (b) 19. (a)
proper behaviour and housekeeping. When
10. (b) 20. (a)
novels began to be written in the nineteenth
Section-B century, women were seen as important
readers.
21. This cartoon signifies that democracy increases 26. (a) Tertiary sector is also called service sector.
instability and divisiveness. It opposes the idea of This sector provides the facilities regarding
concentration of powers.
transportation, communication, insurance,
22. States Reorganisation Commission was formed
banking, etc. It is different from the other sectors
in 1954 to recommend creation of states on the
in the following aspects:
linguistic basis.
(i) This sector helps primary and secondary
23. He cultivate Tea because:
sectors to sell the product in the market by
(i) For everyone, Assam tea is the first choice.
(ii) The main reason for being famous not only in providing services related to transport and
India, but also throughout the world is due to the marketing.
existence of several highly unique qualities. (ii) In the primary and secondary sectors, goods
24. (a)  The two advantages of the silk route in the are made and then sold with the help of tertiary
pre-modern trade are: sector.
(i) Silk route linked the Western world with the (iii) In primary and secondary sector, only those
middle East and Asia. activities are included which are directly related
(ii) It facilitated the exchange of commodities, to the production of goods, but the tertiary
ideas, art, culture, language and religion across sector also includes some services which do
different civilisations during the 2nd century not help in the production of goods, such as
BC-14th century AD.
services of teachers, lawyers, etc.
OR
OR
(b) Europeans were attracted to Africa because of
the reasons stated below: (b) Tertiary sector is becoming important because of
(i) the vast resources of land in Africa attracted the below mentioned reasons:
Europeans. (i) Several services such as hospitals, educational
(ii) They wanted to establish cotton and coffee
institutions, post and telegraph services, police
plantations in Africa.
stations, courts, village administrative offices,
(iii) They wanted to mine its vast mineral resources.
Municipal Corporation, etc., are required. These
Section-C services are a part of the tertiary sector.

25. The following examples explain how a large number (ii) The developed of agriculture and industry in
of new readers among children, women and workers India had lead to the development of services
increased in nineteenth century Europe: such as transport, trade, storage, etc.
 Social Science  |  Class 10 | 15
(ii) Those, who happen to be the leaders, are in a parties have started doing so but sometimes it
position of unfair advantage to favour people is a mere formality.
close to them or even their family members. 33. (a) 
The Reserve Bank of India supervises the
In many parties, the top positions are always functioning of formal sources of loans. This
controlled by members of one family. This is can be understood through the following
unfair to other members of that party. examples:
(iii) Dynastic succession does not allow the grass (i) All the commercial banks are required to maintain
root level workers to reach the top. a minimum cash balance out of the deposits they
If one looks at the database of all the MPs in receive. The RBI monitors that the banks actually
the Parliament, one can find that less than 50% maintain the required cash balance.
of the MPs come into politics from the grass (ii) Periodically, banks have to submit information
root levels, while most of the MPs entered the to the RBI on how much they are lending, to
politics through family connections. whom and at what interest rate, etc.
(iv) Dynastic succession is the major factor (iii) It is necessary to exert control over the banking
responsible for lack of internal democracy in a system so that the depositors are not cheated
political party. Due to lack of internal democracy, out of their hard earned money. By exercising
some leaders assume greater power to make control, the RBI ensures that banks give loans
decisions in the name of the party. not just to profit-making business and traders,
(v) Due to dynastic succession, many parties are but also to small cultivators, small scale
unable to hold regular elections for the top leader. industries, small borrowers, etc.
OR (iv) RBI issues currency notes on behalf of the
(b) Measures to strengthen/reform political parties Central Government.
in India are as follows: (v) RBI issues guidelines for fixing rate of interest
(i) Provision of State Funding of Elections: The on deposits and lending by banks.
provision of state funding of elections should OR
be made. The government should give parties
(b) 
The self-help groups help the borrowers to
money to support their election expenses. This
overcome the problem of lack of collateral
support could be given in kind or in cash on the
security in the following ways:
basis of the votes secured by the party in the
(i) Self-help group is able to solve collateral
last election.
problem as members can take small loans
(ii) Regulation of Internal Affairs of Political
from it to meet their needs without any
Parties: A law should be made to regulate
collateral.
the internal affairs of political parties to
(ii) People can get timely loans for a variety of
maintain a register of its members, to follow
purposes and at a reasonable interest rate.
its own Constitution, to have an independent
(iii) The decisions regarding savings and loan
authority, and to hold open elections for the
activities are taken by the group members
highest posts.
which decides about the loans to be granted,
(iii) Provisions to Minimise the Number of
the purpose amount, interest to be charged,
Candidates: It should be made mandatory for
repayment schedule, etc. In this, the group is
political parties to give a minimum number
responsible for the repayment of the loan.
of tickets about one-third to the women
(iv) SHGs are regular in their savings which can be
candidates. There should be a quota for women
used as monetary help.
in the decision-making bodies of the party.
(v) Due to these features of SHGs, banks are willing
(iv) Pressure on Political Parties: People can put to lend to poor women when organised even
pressure on political parties through petitions,
though they have no collateral as such.
publicity and agitations. Ordinary citizens,
pressure groups and movements and media Section-E
can play an important role in this. In this regard,
if political parties feel that they would lose 34. (i) 
Due to industrial revolution, London has
public support by not taking up reforms, they high demand of labour and variety of job
would become more serious about reforms. opportunities.
(v) Provision of Elections: The Election Commission (ii) Low-paying workers were needed for the
passed an order making it necessary for seasonal industry of gas work.
political parties to hold their organisational (iii) (a) Machines required significant capital
elections and file their income tax returns. The expenditures.
16 |
(b) Only seasonal labour was needed in seasonal (a) (ii)
industries.
35. (i) Primitive subsistence agriculture depends upon INDIA
monsoon, natural fertility of soil and suitability Outline Map

of other environmental conditions to the crops

grown.
Amritsar
(ii) Primitive subsistence farming is known as
‘Jhumming’ in North-Eastern states like Assam,
Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.
(iii) Farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land
for cultivation when the soil fertility decreases.
This allows nature to replenish the soil fertility
through natural processes.
36. (i) The most essential requirement for taking loan
from informal services is collateral security.
(ii) Members who are in the same group can take
small loans from the group itself to meet their
needs.
(iii) The benefits for a SHG that is regular in savings
are:
(a) The disputes arise after sometimes.
(b) They are rewarded by the government.
(c) They are entailed to raise loan from bank in
the same of SHG. (b)

Section-F INDIA
Outline Map

37. (a) (i)

INDIA
Outline Map

(ii) Surat

(ii)
Ramagundam

H Thiruvananthapuram
Cotton Textile
Thermal Power Plant
(iv) Neyeli Coal mine
(i)