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Wheels & Tires

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Service

Repair Manual
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ ,
Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ ,
Audi A3 1997 ➤ , Audi A3 2004 ➤ ,
Audi A3 2013 ➤ , Audi A4 1995 ➤ ,
Audi A4 2001 ➤ , Audi A4 2008 ➤ ,
Audi A4 Cabriolet 2003 ➤ ,
Audi A5 Cabriolet 2009 ➤ ,
Audi A5 Coupé 2008 ➤ , Audi A6 1995 ➤ ,
Audi A6 1998 ➤ , Audi A6 2005 ➤ ,
Audi A6 2011 ➤ , Audi A6 China 2012 ➤ ,
Audi A7 Sportback 2011 ➤ ,
Audi A8 1994 ➤ , Audi A8 2003 ➤ ,
Audi A8 2010 ➤ , Audi Cabriolet 1991 ➤ ,
Audi Q3 2012 ➤ , Audi Q5 2008 ➤ ,
Audi Q7 2007 ➤ , Audi Q7 2016 ➤ ,
Audi R8 2007 ➤ , Audi R8 2015 ➤ ,
Audi TT 1999 ➤ , Audi TT 2007 ➤ ,
Audi TT 2015 ➤
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability

Wheel and Tire General Information

with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Edition 11.2014

Service Department. Technical Information

Service
List of Workshop Manual Repair Groups

Repair Group
44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Technical information should always be available to the foremen and mechanics, because their
careful and constant adherence to the instructions is essential to ensure vehicle road-worthiness and
safety. In addition, the normal basic safety precautions for working on motor vehicles must, as a
matter of course, be observed.

All rights reserved.

No reproduction without prior agreement from publisher.

Copyright © 2016 Audi AG, Ingolstadt D3E80023161

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Contents

44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 Specifications for Retrofitting Wheel and Tire Combinations (Documents) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Legal Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Technical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Vehicle Registration Documents Since 01/10/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Certificate of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications, Current Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications, Other Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 Wheel Bolts, Retightening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Acceptable Tread Depth Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.1 Model with Longitudinally Installed Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2 Models with Transverse Installed Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6 Recommended Snow Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.1 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.2 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7 Additional Wheel Housing Enlargement, FLAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.1 Additional Wheel Housing Enlargement, FLAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8 Wheel Rims with Glued-On Wheel Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8.1 Wheel Rims with Glued-On Wheel Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9 Wheel Rims with Replaceable Decorative Trim, Glued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9.1 Decorative Trim, Removing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9.2 Decorative Trim, Installing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10 Wheel Rims with Replaceable Decorative Trim, Attached with Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
10.1 Wheel Rims with Screw Attached Replaceable Decorative Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
11 Multipart Composite Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
11.1 Multipart Composite Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
12 Wheel Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12.1 Wheel Bolt Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
12.2 Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
12.3 Master Sets for Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
13 Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
13.1 Wheels and Tires, General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
13.2 Light Alloy Wheels Component Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
13.3 Component Overview - Run-Flat Tire (PAX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
13.4 Wheel, Changing and Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
13.5 Run-Flat Tires, Removing and Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
13.6 Safety Precautions, Run-Flat Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.7 Installation Instructions, Run-Flat Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
13.8 Pressing Off Tires, Run-Flat Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
13.9 Removing Tires, Run-Flat Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
13.10 Tires, Mounting, Run-Flat Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
13.11 Overview - Tire Pressure Monitoring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13.12 Tires, Changing . . . . . . Protected
. . . . . .by. copyright.
. . . . . .Copying
. . . . for
. .private
. . . .or. commercial
. . . . . . purposes,
. . . . . .in. part
. . or
. .in.whole,
. . . .is.not
..... 43
13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing andunless
permitted Installing
authorised by. .AUDI
. . .AG.
. .AUDI
. . . AG. .does
. . .not
. .guarantee
. . . . . or. .accept
. . . any
. . liability
....... 44
13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring System), Beru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
49
13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring System), Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
14 Wheel Electronics, New Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Contents i
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

15 Wheel Rims, Preparing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

15.1 Preparing the Wheel Rims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
16 Side Wall Lettering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
16.1 Run-Flat Tire (PAX), Labeling On Sidewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
16.2 EU Tire Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
17 Tire Requirement and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
17.2 Tire Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
17.3 Tire Service Life, Influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
17.4 Maintenance (Tire Air Pressure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
17.5 Driving Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
17.6 Tread Depth, Measuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
17.7 Speed Code/High Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
17.8 Tires, Speed Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
17.9 Winter Tires with Speed Rating “V” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
17.10 Load Rating/Load Index (LI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
17.11 Tires, Reinforced, Extra Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
17.12 Winter Tires, Extra Load, Speed Rating
Protected V .Copying
by copyright. . . . . .for. private
. . . . or. commercial
. . . . . . .purposes,
. . . . . in. part
. . .or. in. whole,
. . . . is. not
... 69
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
17.13 Snow Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . .with . .respect
. . . .to. the
. . correctness
. . . . . . .of.information
. . . . . .in. this
. . document.
. . . . . . Copyright
. . . . . by. .AUDI. . . AG.
..... 69
17.14 Rubber Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
17.15 Tires, Storing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
17.16 Tire Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
17.17 Tires, Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
17.18 Tires, Replacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
17.19 Light Alloy Wheels, Care and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
17.20 Tires with Rim Protector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
18 Tire Wear and Service Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
18.1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
18.2 High Speed Tires, Wear Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
18.3 Tire, Uniformly Worn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
18.4 Tire Wear, One Sided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
18.5 Acceptable Tread Depth Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
18.6 Wear on One Side, Faulty Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
18.7 Tire Wear, Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
18.8 Diagonal Washouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
18.9 Wear Due to Faulty Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
19 Acceptable Tread Depth Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
19.1 Model with Longitudinally Installed Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
19.2 Models with Crossways Installed Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
20 Tires, Rolling Noises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
20.1 Tires, Rolling Noises, General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
20.2 Heel and Toe Wear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
20.3 Wear Spots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
21 Wheels and Tires, Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
21.1 Vibration Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
21.2 Flat Spots in Tires From Standing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
22 Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
22.1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
22.2 Road Test, Performing Before Balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
22.3 Stationary Balancing Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
22.4 Wheels with a Sensitive Surface, Glued-On Wheel Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
22.5 Wheel/Tire Balancing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
22.6 Finish Balancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
22.7 Hunter RFT33VAG Road Force Touch™ Wheel Balancer VAS6230B4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

ii Contents
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

22.8 Tire and Wheel Radial and Lateral Run-Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

22.9 Radial and Lateral Run-out on Wheels/Tires, Checking with Tire Dial Gauge VAG1435 . . 93
22.10 Wheels and Tires, Radial and Lateral Run Out, Checking with Wheel Centering System
Adapter VAS5271 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
22.11 Rim Radial and Lateral Run-Out, Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
22.12 Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
23 Vehicle Pulls to One Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
23.1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
23.2 Corrective Action when Vehicle Pulls to One Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
23.3 Targeted Rotating of Wheels for Non-Directional Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
23.4 Wheels, Targeted Rotating for Directional Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
24 Tire Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
24.1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
24.2 Tires, Examining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
24.3 Radial Tires, Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
24.4 Disintegrated Tread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
24.5 Cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
24.6 Impact Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
24.7 Cuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
24.8 Damage from Foreign Debris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
24.9 Tires, Air Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
24.10 Mounting Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
24.11 Bead Damage Caused by Tire Changers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
24.12 Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
24.13 Tires, Damage from Low Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
24.14 Slow Loss of Air Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
24.15 Tire Temperature, Rising When Tires Pressure Is Too Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
24.16 Cracked Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
25 Vehicles with Break-Down Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
25.1 Tire Sealant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
25.2 Tires, Removing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
25.3 Tire Sealant, Disposing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
25.4 Tires, Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
26 Tirepermitted
Pressure Monitoring System . .does
. . .not
. .guarantee
. . . . . or. .accept
. . . any
. . liability
......................... 113
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG
26.1 Tire with
Pressure
respect to Monitoring with
the correctness of Pressure
information SensorCopyright
in this document. . . . .by. AUDI
. . . AG.
.......................... 113
26.2 Tire Pressure Monitoring System with Wheel Speed Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
27 Emergency Wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
27.1 Emergency Wheels, Using . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
28 Run-Flat Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
28.1 Installing/Conditions for Using Run-Flat Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
28.2 Tires with emergency running characteristics, PAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
28.3 Tires with Emergency Running Characteristics, SST (Self-Supporting Tire) . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
28.4 Tires with Emergency Running Characteristics, Seal Inside-Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
28.5 Tires with Emergency Running Characteristics, Repairing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
29 Special Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
30 Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Contents iii
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

iv Contents
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

44 – Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

1 Specifications for Retrofitting Wheel
and Tire Combinations (Documents)
(Edition 11.2014)
⇒ “1.1 Legal Requirements”, page 1
⇒ “1.2 Technical Requirements”, page 1
⇒ “1.3 Vehicle Registration Documents Since 01/10/2005”, page
2
⇒ “1.4 Certificate of Conformity”, page 3
⇒ “16.2 EU Tire Label”, page 56

1.1 Legal Requirements

The manufacturer is granted general type approval for the whole
vehicle including all parts and for specific retrofitting (general type
approval according to § 20 StVZO (Motor Vehicle Construction
and Use Regulations or EU type approval).
Retrofitting to wheels and tires can only be made under certain
circumstances. The following points must be taken into consid‐
eration:
♦ If the wheel and tires sizes along with the load index and speed
symbol are contained in the general type approval or EU type
approval, then this tire/wheel combination can be mounted on
the vehicle.
It is not necessary to install the wheel/tire combination specified
in the registration certification Part I (vehicle registration). All com‐
binations approved in the general type approval for the vehicle or
the EU operating license can be mounted on the vehicle.
♦ There is no general type approval according to § 22 StVZO for
the retrofittings recommended (see approval certificate).
♦ If the wheels and/or tires are not contained in the general type
approval or EU type approval, then vehicle cannot be retrofit‐
ted according to the Vehicle Registration Regulation (VRR)
specifications.
These statements refer to legal requirements in the European
Union. No claims are made as to their completeness. Other legal
requirements apply outside the European Union.
The tables of the approval certificate show the recommended and
examined byauthorised
the technical testing
AUDI AGorganization
does not guaranteewheel
or acceptand tire
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless by AUDI AG. any liability
combinations
with respect to thefor the vehicles
correctness andinat
of information thisthe sameCopyright
document. time the conditions
by AUDI AG.
to be taken into account. The use of original disc wheels on a
vehicle to which they have not been assigned is not permissible.
The possible retrofittings shown here are combinations which
meet the requirements for handling and road safety. They are the
results of practical tests and for this reason they are recommen‐
ded.
Observe the information regarding new vehicle certification docu‐
ments since 10/01/2005.

1.2 Technical Requirements

• The wheel and tire combinations or retrofittings listed in the
individual vehicle tables refer exclusively to original disc
wheels.

1. Specifications for Retrofitting Wheel and Tire Combinations (Documents) 1

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

• Approval of wheel/tire combinations or retrofittings with disc

wheels from the accessories trade is not possible with the ac‐
companying parts certificate.
• Tubeless radial tires may only be used with stepped rims with
a bead retaining contour, for example a round hump.
• Run-flat tires (reinforced sidewall) may only be used on disc
wheels with extended hump and vehicles with a tire pressure
monitoring system.
• It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐
toring system in the vehicle.
• The correct tire inflation pressure values must be observed
when the specified wheel and tire combinations are used. The
tire pressures are listed on the tire pressure label on the inside
of the fuel filler door and on the driver side B-pillar.
• Sufficient clearance between the wheels and tires and the
wheel housing-, suspension- and brake components is ensur‐
ed if the instructions and conditions specified in the approval
certificate are observed under all operating conditions.
• If not otherwise specified, snow chains may be mounted only
on the drive wheels. If the vehicle has AWD, then snow chains
may be used on the front wheels only.
Additional Wheel Housing Enlargement, FLAPS
On some vehicles with certain wheel/tire combinations, wheel
housing enlargements (FLAPS) must be attached on the fenders
or bumper for certification/technical reasons -arrows-.
Please check whether FLAPS must be installed.
The necessary wheel/tire combination information can be found
in the overview table for the respective vehicle.

1.3 Vehicle Registration Documents Since

01/10/2005
The implementation of EU guideline 1999/37/EG "Vehicle regis‐
tration documents" in national legislation and legal data protection
requirements have made the introduction of new, fraud resistant
registration documents necessary.
Since 01/10/2005, the new documents are issued by the author‐
ities in the case of new registrations, change of owner, entry of
technical changes and all other changes.
The new registration documents consist of:
♦ The registration certificate part I, which replaces the vehicle
registration and
♦ The registration certificate part II that supersedes the vehicle
title.
Registration Certificate Protected
Part I (Vehicle
by copyright.Registration)
Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
♦ Contains all technical vehicle
with respectdata
to the that must
correctness be present
of information in thisto
document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
register a vehicle in Europe but only a standard approved
wheel/tire combination is specified
♦ Has the EU-wide alphanumeric codes allocated to the techni‐
cal data so that the German registration document can be

2 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

converted without problems in the foreign countries of the EU

into the registration document required there
♦ Contains a field to document the temporary or final decom‐
missioning of the vehicle and is no longer drawn in the case
of a temporary or final decommissioning.
Registration Certificate Part II (Vehicle Title)
♦ Contains information that the bearer of the registration certifi‐
cate is not declared the owner
♦ Only contains the current and, if available, last vehicle owner,
the actual number of previous owners is indicated numerically
♦ Only contains a small portion of the technical vehicle data
♦ Does not document temporary vehicle decommissioning In the
future, the vehicle and body type listed under digit 1 in the old
vehicle documentation will no longer exist. It is replaced in the
new documents with EU-standardized vehicle classes with
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not

body type
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

The introduction of the new registration documents results in

hardly any changes for the driver.
As with the old vehicle registration the registration certificate part
I (vehicle registration) should be kept in the vehicle and presented
to responsible persons upon request.
It is not necessary to install the wheel/tire combination specified
in the registration certification Part I (vehicle registration). All com‐
binations approved according to the vehicle general type approval
or EU operating license/type approval can be used.
The permissibility of a wheel/tire combination that deviates from
the vehicle general type approval or EU type approval must be
verified with an entry in the registration certificate part I (vehicle
registration), an installation certificate due to a parts certificate or
a general type approval for the wheel/tire combination.

1.4 Certificate of Conformity

The vehicle manufacturer must request an EU type approval for
all passenger vehicles (vehicle class M1).
A certificate of conformity is produced based on this type appro‐
val.
This document confirms that the vehicle conforms to the EU op‐
erating license and is registered in every EU country without the
need for individual approval.
The issuing applies to all vehicles that were produced in accord‐
ance with the EU operating license.
These vehicles have an EU type plate (black sticker) in the driver
door area or in the engine compartment on older vehicles.
The certificate of conformity has the same importance as the op‐
erating license, so the original should not be kept in the vehicle.
In the certificate of conformity additional technical data and all
permitted wheel/tire combinations are listed.

1. Specifications for Retrofitting Wheel and Tire Combinations (Documents) 3

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

2 General Information
⇒ “2.1 General Information”, page 4

2.1 General Information

Note

♦ It is obligatory that the tire pressure label for the tire pressure
be in the vehicle.
♦ If there is no tire pressure label in the vehicle, one may be
ordered from the Parts Catalog.
♦ The correct adjustment of the axle geometry while performing
a vehicle alignment is an important requirement for an optimal
service life of the tire. Therefore, the adjustment of the axle
geometry must lie within the specified tolerance range.
♦ Information for the vehicle alignment. Refer to ⇒ Suspension,
Wheels, Steering; Rep. Gr. 44 ; Vehicle Alignment .
♦ The running characteristics of the tire change in the course of
normal wear. Rolling noises and vibrations can result from this.
These are not damage in the sense of tire defects, but rather
symptoms resulting from use. These can be corrected, at least
partially, by specific measures. In certain cases, rolling noise
cannot be completely eliminated.

4 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications

⇒ “3.1 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications, Current Models”,
page 5
⇒ “3.2 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications, Other Models”, page
6

DANGER!

To ensure that the wheel bolts fit correctly, be sure to use the
correct wheel bolts specified for the model. The wheel bolts for
each model have different diameters on the surface of the ball
running surface on the wheel rim and they have different
lengths.

3.1 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications,

Current Models
⇒ “3.2 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications, Other Models”, page
6

DANGER!

Model Type Tightening Specifica‐

tion
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
A1, A1 quattro 8X 120 Nm
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
A3 / S3 / RS3 8V 120 Nm
A3 Sedan 8V 120 Nm
A3 Cabriolet 8V 120 Nm
A4 / S4 / RS4 B8 Series 8K 120 Nm
A4 allroad 8KH 120 Nm
A4 B9 Series 8W 120 Nm
A5 Coupe / S5 Coupe 8T 120 Nm
RS5 8T 120 Nm
A5 Sportback / S5 8T 120 Nm
Sportback
A5 Cabriolet / S5 Cab‐ 8F 120 Nm
riolet
A6 / S6 / RS6 4G 120 Nm
A6 allroad 4G 120 Nm
A7 / S7 / RS7 4G 120 Nm
A8 / S8 4H 120 Nm
TT / TTS FV 120 Nm
R8 42 120 Nm
R8 4S 120 Nm
Q3 / SQ3 8U 140 Nm
Q5 / SQ5 8R 140 Nm

3. Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications 5

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Model Type Tightening Specifica‐

tion
Q7 4M 160 Nm
Pax Wheels - A6 4G 120 Nm
Pax Wheels - A8 4H 140 Nm
A6 (security) 4G 120 Nm
A8 (security) 4H 140 Nm

3.2 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications,

Other Models
⇒ “3.1 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications, Current Models”,
page 5

DANGER!

Model Type Tightening Specifica‐

tion
RS2 895 130 Nm
RS4 8D 140 Nm
A2 8Z 120 Nm
A3 8P 120 Nm
S3 / RS3 8P 120 Nm
A3, Cabriolet 8P 120 Nm
A4 / S4 / RS4 8E 120 Nm
A6 / S6 / RS6 4B / 4F 120 Nm
A6 allroad 4B / 4F 120 Nm
A6 allroad 4G 120 Nm
A8 / S8 4D / 4E 120 Nm
TT / TTS / TT RS 8N / 8J 120 Nm
R8 42 120 Nm
Q7 4L 160 Nm
Q7 - 12-cylinder 4L 160 Nm
All other Audi models 120 Nm

6 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

4 Wheel Bolts, Retightening

DANGER!

To ensure that the wheel bolts fit securely and correctly, be

sure to use the correct wheel bolts specified for the model.
Depending on the model, the wheel bolts have different diam‐
eters on the ball bearing surface for the rim and they have
different lengths. Refer to Parts Catalog.

The correct wheel mounting procedure is described in this repair

manual. Important notes for this are:

Note

Do “not” use an impact wrench to install the wheel bolts.

♦ Before mounting a wheel, carefully clean all rim contact sur‐

faces for the wheel hub, the wheel hub and the surfaces for
the wheel bolts on the rim.
♦ Before installing the wheel bolts, carefully clean the thread and
the cap contact surfaces.
♦ Apply the Optimol Paste - G-052-109-A2- to the threads on the
wheel bolts. Refer to Parts Catalog.
♦ Do “not” use an impact wrench to install the wheel bolts.
♦ Install all wheel bolts, until the wheel is securely fitted to the
wheel hub. Only then can the vehicle be placed on the ground.
♦ Tighten all wheel bolts to the tightening specification for when
the vehicle is stationary on the ground. Refer to
⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications”, page 5
♦ Retorque each individual wheel bolt to the required tightening
specification at least one time. Refer to
⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications”, page 5
If all of the assembly steps were performed carefully and correctly,
the wheel bolts do not need to be re-tightened after the vehicle
has been driven a specific distance.

4. Wheel Bolts, Retightening 7

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

5 Acceptable Tread Depth Variance

⇒ “5.1 Model with Longitudinally Installed Engine”, page 8
⇒ “5.2 Models with Transverse Installed Engine”, page 9

5.1 Model with Longitudinally Installed En‐

gine
Tread variance for models with a longitudinally installed engine,
such as A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, Q5, Q7, ...
The variance between the front and rear axle in this case may not
be more then 2 mm

Note

The technical background of the limitations are thermal pressure

for the transmission oil due to a large difference in the rolling cir‐
cumference of the tires.

♦ For all four wheels use only tires of the same construction type
and tread.
♦ Always use tires with the deepest tread depth on the front axle.
♦ It is possible to change tires individually. However, Audi rec‐
ommends changing tires on both sides.
♦ With sport differential on the rear axle, Audi recommends al‐
ways replacing the tires on both sides of the rear axle.
Left tire on Right tire on Average Variance
the front axle the front axle
3.0 mm 3.0 mm 3.0 mm from
left to right
Left tire on Right tire on
the rear axle the rear axle
3.0 mm 7.0 mm (new 5.0 mm from 2.0 mm from front
tires) left to right to rear
Within the permis‐
sible tolerance

Left tire on Right tire on Average Variance

the front axle the front axle
2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm from
left to right
Left tire on Right tire on
the rear axle the rear axle
4.0 mm 4.0 mm 4.0 mm from 2.0 mm from front
left to right to rear
Within the permis‐
sible tolerance
Refer to ⇒ “2 General Information”, page 4 .
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

8 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

5.2 Models with Transverse Installed En‐

gine

Note

♦ Tread depth variance for models with crossways installed en‐

gine, such as A3, TT, Q3, A1, ...
♦ The variance between the front and rear axle in this case may
not be more then 3 mm

Note

The technical background of the limitations are thermal pressure

for the transmission oil due to a large difference in the rolling cir‐
cumference of the tires.

♦ For all four wheels use only tires of the same construction type
and tread.
♦ Always use tires with the deepest tread depth on the front axle.
♦ It is possible to change tires individually. However, Audi rec‐
ommends changing tires on both sides.
♦ With sport differential on the rear axle, Audi recommends al‐
ways replacing the tires on both sides of the rear axle.
Left tire on Right tire on Average Variance
the front axle the front axle
2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm from
left to right
Left tire on Right tire on
the rear axle the rear axle
3.0 mm 7.0 mm (new 5.0 mm from 3.0 mm from front
tires) left to right to rear
Within the permis‐
sible tolerance

Left tire on Right tire on Average Variance

the front axle the front axle
2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm from
left to right
Left tire on Right tire on
the rear axle the rear axle
5.0 mm 5.0 mm 5.0 mm from 3.0 mm from front
left to right to rear
Within the permis‐
sible tolerance
Refer to ⇒ “2 General Information”, page 4 .

5. Acceptable Tread Depth Variance 9

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

6 Recommended Snow Chains

⇒ “6.1 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD”, page 10
⇒ “6.2 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King)”, page 12

6.1 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD

⇒ “6.1.1 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 14 Inches”,
page 10
⇒ “6.1.2 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 15 Inches”,
page 10
⇒ “6.1.3 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 16 Inches”,
page 10
⇒ “6.1.4 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 17 Inches”,
page 11
⇒ “6.1.5 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 18 Inches”,
page 11
⇒ “6.1.6 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 19 Inches”,
page 11
⇒ “6.1.7 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 20 Inches”,
page 11

6.1.1 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 14 Inches

Tire size RUD - matic (track edging) RUD - matic (Disc) RUD - Easy to go
145/80 R 14 4714721 4714720 ------

6.1.2 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 15 Inches

Tire size RUD - matic (track edging) RUD - matic (Disc) RUD - Easy to go
155/65 R 15 4714721 4714720 ------
185/65 R 15 46179 47179 ------
195/65 R 15 46182 1) 46182 ------
205/60 R 15 46182 46182 ------
1) and Avant RS 4 (Type 8E)

6.1.3 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 16 Inches

205/55 R 16 46184 2) 8P0 091 355 8K0 091 355
205/60 R 16 ------ 4B0 091 355 8T0 091 355
215/55 R 16 46189 4B0 091 355 ------
215/65 R 16 46194 47194 ------
225/55 R16 46193 4F0 091 355 8J0 091 355
22560 R 16 46194 47194 ------
235/70 R 16 4L0 091 355 ------ ------
235/60 R 16 4E0 091 355 47195 4E0 091 355
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
2) and Avant RS permitted
2 unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

10 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

6.1.4 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 17 Inches

Tire size RUD - matic (track edging) RUD - matic (Disc) RUD - Easy to go
205/50 R 17 46182 47182 8K0 091 355
215/55 R 17 46193 4F0 091 355 8J0 091 355
225/45 R 17 46189 4B0 091 355 8T0 091 355
225/50 R 17 46193 4F0 091 355 8J0 091 355
225/55 R 17 46195 47195 ------
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
235/55 R 17 4E0 091 355unless authorised by AUDI 47195
permitted AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or4E0 accept091 355
any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
235/65 R 17 4L0 091 355 ------ ------

6.1.5 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 18 Inches

Tire size RUD - matic (track edging) RUD - matic (Disc) RUD - Easy to go
225/45 R 18 46193 4F0 091 355 ------
225/45 R 18 3) 46193 3) 4F0 091 355 3) ------
235/45 R 18 46194 47194 ------
235/50 R 18 4E0 091 355 47195 4E0 091 355
235/60 R 18 4L0 091 355 ------ ------
255/55 R 18 4715225 ------ ------
3) and A4 (Type 8K and 8T)

6.1.6 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 19 Inches

Tire size RUD - matic (track edging) RUD - matic (Disc) RUD - Easy to go
235/40 R 19 ------ 4715847 5)
------
235/45 R 19 46195 47195 ------
295/30 R 19 4716043 4) ------ ------
4) R8 rear axle
5) and RS 4 (type 8E)

6.1.7 Recommended Snow Chains - RUD - 20 Inches

Tire size RUD - matic (track edging) RUD - matic (Disc) RUD - Easy to go
275/45 R 20 4716505 6) ------ ------
6) Q7 12-cylinder rear axle

6. Recommended Snow Chains 11

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

6.2 Recommended Snow Chains - König

(King)
⇒ “6.2.1 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 14 Inches”,
page 12 .
⇒ “6.2.2 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 15 Inches”,
page 12 .
⇒ “6.2.3 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 16 Inches”,
page 12 .
⇒ “6.2.4 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 17 Inches”,
page 12 .
⇒ “6.2.5 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 18 Inches”,
page 13 .
⇒ “6.2.6 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 19 Inches”,
page 13 .

6.2.1 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 14 Inches

Tire size König (King) - Logo König (King) - Magic König (King) - König (King) -
Super Magic Super Magic 4x4
145/80 R 14 101040Protected by copyright. 102040
Copying for private or commercial103040 ------
purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

6.2.2 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 15 Inches

Tire size König (King) - Logo König (King) - Magic König (King) - König (King) -
Super Magic Super Magic 4x4
155/65 R 15 ------ ------
185/65 R 15 101070 103070 103070 ------
195/65 R 15 101080 103080 103080 ------
205/60 R 15 101080 103080 103080 ------

6.2.3 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 16 Inches

Tire size König (King) - Logo König (King) - Magic König (King) - König (King) -
Super Magic Super Magic 4x4
205/60 R 16 ------ ------ ------ ------
205/55 R 16 8P0 091 365 102090 8P0 091 375 ------
215/55 R 16 101095 102095 103095 ------
215/65 R 16 101102 102102 103102 ------
225/55 R 16 4F0 091 365 102100 4F0 091 375 ------
225/60 R 16 101102 102102 103102 ------
235/70 R 16 ------ ------ ------ 4L0 091 375
235/60 R 16 4E0 091 365 102104 4E0 091 375 ------

6.2.4 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 17 Inches

Tire size König (King) - Logo König (King) - Magic König (King) - König (King) -
Super Magic Super Magic 4x4
205/50 R 17 8P0 091 365 102090 8P0 091 375 ------
215/55 R 17 4F0 091 365 102100 4F0 091 375 ------

12 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Tire size König (King) - Logo König (King) - Magic König (King) - König (King) -
Super Magic Super Magic 4x4
225/45 R 17 4F0 091 365 102100 4F0 091 375 ------
225/50 R 17 4F0 091 365 102100 4F0 091 375 ------
225/55 R 17 ------ 102103 103103 ------
235/65 R 17 ------ ------ ------ 4L0 091 375
235/55 R 17 4E0 091 365 102104 4E0 091 375 ------

6.2.5 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 18 Inches

Tire size König (King) - Logo König (King) - Magic König (King) - König (King) -
Super Magic Super Magic 4x4
235/60 R 18 ------ ------ 104247 4L0 091 375
235/50 R 18 4E0 091 365 102104 4E0 091 375 ------
235/45 R 18 ------ 102102 103102 ------

6.2.6 Recommended Snow Chains - König (King) - 19 Inches

Tire size König (King) - Logo König (King) - Magic König (King) - König (King) -
Super Magic Super Magic 4x4
235/45 R 19 4E0 091 365 102104 4E0 091 375 ------

6. Recommended Snow Chains 13

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

7 Additional Wheel Housing Enlarge‐

ment, FLAPS
⇒ “7.1 Additional Wheel Housing Enlargement, FLAPS”,
page 14

7.1 Additional Wheel Housing Enlargement,

FLAPS
On some vehicles with certain wheel/tire combinations, wheel
housing enlargements (FLAPS) must be attached on the fenders
or bumper for technical reasons -arrows-.
Please check whether FLAPS must be installed.
The necessary wheel/tire combination information can be found
in the overview table for the respective vehicle.

14 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

8 Wheel Rims with Glued-On Wheel

Trim
⇒ “8.1 Wheel Rims with Glued-On Wheel Trim”, page 15

8.1 Wheel Rims with Glued-On Wheel Trim

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
The wheel trim cannot be replaced.
♦ unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
permitted
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

8. Wheel Rims with Glued-On Wheel Trim 15

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

9 Wheel Rims with Replaceable Deco‐

rative Trim, Glued
⇒ “9.1 Decorative Trim, Removing”, page 16
⇒ “9.2 Decorative Trim, Installing”, page 17

9.1 Decorative Trim, Removing

Special tools and workshop equipment required
♦ Trim Removal Wedge - 3409-
♦ Hot Air Blower - VAG1416-

Note

♦ It is not possible remove the decorative trim without damaging it.

♦ Loosen the lock washers -2- from the inside of the light alloy wheel.

– Warm the decorative trim -1- from the outside using the Hot
Air Blower - VAG1416- .

16 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Caution

Do not overheat tires and light alloy wheels.

– Loosen the decorative trim -1- from the inside of the light alloy
wheel using the Trim Removal Wedge - 3409- .
– Grab under one corner from the outside and pull the decorative
trim -1- off the light alloy wheel.

Note

♦ The adhesive points for the PUR label are cut into the light alloy wheel.
♦ The remaining material serves as the adhesive base for the new decorative trim.
♦ The new decorative trim can be installed immediately. Refer to
⇒ “9.2 Decorative Trim, Installing”, page 17 .

9.2 Decorative Trim, Installing

Special tools and workshop equipment required
♦ Cartridge Gun - VAG1628-
♦ 1K window adhesive 1K Window Adhesive - DH 009
100 A2-
♦ Silicone remover Silicone Remover - LSE 020 100
A3-
These light alloy wheels are equipped with replaceable decora‐
tion elements. Note the following when installing.

9. Wheel Rims with Replaceable Decorative Trim, Glued 17

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Press the decorative trim -2- into the light alloy wheels -1- us‐
ing firm pressure.

18 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Secure the decorative trim -2- to the inside of the light alloy
wheel with lock washers -3-.
Minimum curing time: three hours at room temperature of mini‐
mum 15° C (59° F).

WARNING

The light alloy wheel must be balanced again.

9. Wheel Rims with Replaceable Decorative Trim, Glued 19

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

10 Wheel Rims with Replaceable Deco‐

rative Trim, Attached with Screws
⇒ “10.1 Wheel Rims with Screw Attached Replaceable Decora‐
tive Trim”, page 20

10.1 Wheel Rims with Screw Attached Re‐

placeable Decorative Trim
These disc wheels are equipped with replaceable decoration el‐
ements. Note the following when installing.
– Clean the thread in the disc wheel before screwing in the new
bolts.
– Always use new bolts.
1- Decoration element
2- Hex socket bolts
Tightening Specification
Self-locking hex socket bolts: 5 Nm

20 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

11 Multipart Composite Wheels

⇒ “11.1 Multipart Composite Wheels”, page 21

11.1 Multipart Composite Wheels

Composite wheels consist of various parts.
The primary components are rims and wheel discs. These com‐
ponents are fastened to each other with special screws and a
special procedure. This ensures the wheel's function, proper seal,
safety and true running. These important requirements cannot be
guaranteed under shop Protected
conditions and using shop tools.
by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

WARNING

Composite wheels must not be disassembled or repaired!

11. Multipart Composite Wheels 21

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

12 Wheel Bolts
⇒ “12.1 Wheel Bolt Types”, page 22
⇒ “12.2 Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts”, page 23
⇒ “12.3 Master Sets for Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts”, page 23

12.1 Wheel Bolt Types

Note

Make sure the correct wheel bolts are installed. Refer to the Parts
Catalog.

Standard, One-Piece Wheel Bolt

Two-piece wheel bolt, short turnable spherical calotte, primarily

for S models.

22 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Two-piece wheel bolt, short turnable spherical calotte, primarily

for S models.

12.2 Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts

Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts
1 - Anti-theft wheel bolts
2 - Cap
3 - Wheel bolt adapter

12.3 Master Sets for Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts

Special tools and workshop equipment required
♦ Torque Wrench 1332 40-200Nm - VAG1332-
♦ Wheel Lock Set - T10101-
♦ Wheel Lock Set - T10101A-
♦ Wheel Lock Set - T40004-
♦ Wheel Lock Set - T40073-

12. Wheel Bolts 23

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

13 Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitor‐

ing Assembly
⇒ “13.1 Wheels and Tires, General Information”, page 24
⇒ “13.2 Light Alloy Wheels Component Overview”, page 25
⇒ “13.3 Component Overview - Run-Flat Tire (PAX)”, page 26
⇒ “13.4 Wheel, Changing and Mounting”, page 28
⇒ “13.5 Run-Flat Tires, Removing and Mounting”, page 32
⇒ “13.6 Safety Precautions, Run-Flat Tires”, page 33
⇒ “13.7 Installation Instructions, Run-Flat Tires”, page 34
⇒ “13.8 Pressing Off Tires, Run-Flat Tires”, page 35
⇒ “13.9 Removing Tires, Run-Flat Tires”, page 36
⇒ “13.10 Tires, Mounting, Run-Flat Tires”, page 38
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
⇒ “13.11 Overview
permitted - Tire
unless authorised Pressure
by AUDI AG. AUDI Monitoring System”,
AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
page 41
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

⇒ “13.12 Tires, Changing”, page 43

⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”,
page 44
⇒ “13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Beru ”, page 49
⇒ “13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Siemens ”, page 50

13.1 Wheels and Tires, General Information

Only install tires with the same manufacturer, construction type
and tread on all wheels.
Always replace rubber valve when replacing steel wheel or rim.
Install tires with DOT identification facing toward outside of wheel.
Only applies to left side of vehicle with directional tires.
With directional tires, a wheel/tire combination for the right side
should be installed as a spare wheel.

24 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

13.2 Light Alloy Wheels Component Over‐

view

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

Light alloy wheels assembly overview.

Changing/mounting wheel, assembly information. Refer to
⇒ “13.4 Wheel, Changing and Mounting”, page 28 .

1 - Tires
2 - Valve
❑ Always replace
❑ Only install valve ac‐
cording to the Parts Cat‐
alog
3 - Wheel
❑ Note assembly instruc‐
tions. Refer to
⇒ “13.4 Wheel, Chang‐
ing and Mounting”, page
28
4 - Wheel Bolt
❑ Note assembly instruc‐
tions. Refer to Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
⇒ “13.4 Wheel, Chang‐ with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
ing and Mounting”, page
28
❑ Anti-theft wheel bolts.
Refer to
⇒ Fig. ““Anti-Theft
Wheel Bolts”“ , page 23
❑ Refer to
⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tight‐
ening Specifications”,
page 5
5 - Wheel Bolt Adapter
❑ Place on wheel bolt de‐
signed for it. Refer to
⇒ Fig. ““Anti-Theft
Wheel Bolts”“ , page 23

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 25

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

6 - Wheel Bolt Cover Cap

7 - Cap
8 - Wheel Bolt

Note

Make sure the correct wheel bolts

are installed. Refer to the Parts Cat‐
alog
❑ Note assembly instructions. Refer to ⇒ “13.4 Wheel, Changing and Mounting”, page 28
❑ Refer to ⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications”, page 5
9 - Adhesive Balancing Weights
❑ Maximum 60 grams per rim flange permitted
❑ Clean wheel where it will be adhered so it is free of dirt and grease
❑ Remove protective film
❑ Attach balance weights to intended surfaces

13.3 Component Overview - Run-Flat Tire

(PAX)

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

26 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

1 - PAX Tires
2 - Support Ring
3 - Wheel for PAX Tires
❑ Note assembly instruc‐
tions. Refer to
⇒ “13.4 Wheel, Chang‐
ing and Mounting”, page
28
4 - Wheel Electronics
❑ Batteries must be com‐
pletely replaced.
❑ Remaining battery life,
temperature and pres‐
sure can be read via di‐
agnosis with Vehicle Di‐
agnostic Tester .
Beru wheel electronics sys‐
tem. Refer to
⇒ “13.14 Wheel Electronics
System (Tire Pressure Moni‐
toring System), Beru ”,
page 49 .

Siemens wheel electronics

system. Refer to
⇒ “13.15 Wheel Electronics
System (Tire Pressure Moni‐
toring System), Siemens ”,
page 50 .

Refer to
⇒ “14 Wheel Electronics, New
Design”, page 51

5 - Metal Valve Body

❑ Only install valve ac‐
cording to Parts Catalog
❑ Delivered complete
6 - Wheel Bolt Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Note

Make sure the correct wheel bolts

are installed. Refer to the Parts Cat‐
alog.
❑ Note assembly instructions. Refer to ⇒ “13.4 Wheel, Changing and Mounting”, page 28
❑ Anti-theft wheel bolts. Refer to ⇒ Fig. ““Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts”“ , page 23
❑ Refer to ⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications”, page 5
7 - Wheel Bolt Adapter
❑ Place on wheel bolt designed for it. Refer to ⇒ Fig. ““Anti-Theft Wheel Bolts”“ , page 23
8 - Cap
❑ Place on wheel bolt
9 - Wheel Bolt, Two-Part
❑ Note assembly instructions. Refer to ⇒ “13.4 Wheel, Changing and Mounting”, page 28
❑ Refer to ⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications”, page 5

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 27

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

10 - Cap
11 - Wheel Bolt Cover Cap
12 - Adhesive Balancing Weights
❑ Maximum 60 grams per rim permitted
❑ Clean wheel where it will be adhered so it is free of dirt and grease
❑ Remove protective film
❑ Attach balance weights to intended surfaces

13.4 Wheel, Changing and Mounting

Note

The wrench size of the included wheel bolt adapter can be vary
from the wrench size of the respective master set.

Wheel, Changing

Caution

If brake pads are ceramics, wheel must not fall on brake disc,
otherwise it will be irreparably damaged. To remove/mount a
wheel, install the long assembly pin instead of wheel bolts at
the top position (12 o'clock position) and insert the short as‐
sembly pin in the wheel bolt mounts for support. In this way,
the wheel can glide on the assembly aids when removing/in‐
stalling.

Note
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
♦ Only raise vehicle at designated mounting points.
♦ On vehicles with alloy wheels, do not pry out cover caps with
a screwdriver but rather use only the special tool designed for
this (puller hook in vehicle tool kit).
♦ To loosen wheel bolts, use sockets in the correct size. Sockets
that did not fit must not be used any more.
♦ Do not use an impact wrench to loosen anti-theft wheel bolts
(lockable wheel bolts).
♦ Do not make wheel bolts dirty.

28 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

DANGER!

The secure seating of the wheel bolts and the wheels is only
ensured if the instructions and checks below are followed.

The following checks and instructions must be performed with

wheel (rim) removed!

DANGER!

In order to make sure the wheel bolts fit correctly, be use to

use the correct wheel bolts specified for the model. The wheel
bolts for each model have different diameters on the surface
of the ball running surface on the wheel rim and they have dif‐
ferent lengths.

– Check if the contact surfaces -arrows- between the brake disc/

wheel hub brake disc/brake drum and the wheel (rim) are free
of corrosion and dirt.
– If necessary, remove oil, grease, grease and corrosion.

– Make sure there is no corrosion or dirt on the center of the

wheel hub -arrows-.

Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted–unless
Make surebythe
authorised AUDIcontact
AG. AUDIsurfaces
AG does not-arrow-
guarantee on the wheel
or accept inner side
any liability
(rim) as well as the central seat in the rim is free of corrosion
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

and dirt.

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 29

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– The spherical caps in the wheel bolt holes must not have any
corrosion, dirt, oil or grease on them.
– If necessary, remove oil, dirt and corrosion and reapply cor‐
rosion protection in centering seat area with Wax Spray - D
322 000 A2- .

Note

♦ The wax spray must not get onto brake system parts.
♦ If rust or dirt falls between brake discProtected
and wheel hub during
by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not

removal, remove it by blowing out with with

compressed air.
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

DANGER!

Wear protective eyewear when working with compressed air.

The wheel (rim) spherical caps and wheel bolts must be free of
dirt and corrosion.
– Dirty wheel (rim) spherical caps should be cleaned with a lint-
free cloth.
– Check wheel bolts and wheel hub threads for cleanliness.
– Clean dirty wheel bolts in spherical cap area and threads, for
example, with a brass brush.

WARNING

Heavily corroded or damaged wheel bolts must be replaced.

30 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

If lightly corroded wheel bolts are reused, they must be cleaned

in area of spherical cap and threads and Optimol AT - G 052 109
A2- paste must be applied to slide surfaces as follows (all vehicles
except RS 2 and RS 4, type 8D):
A - One-part wheel bolt. Lightly lubricate threaded area -2- and
spherical cap -1-.
B - Two-part wheel bolt. Lightly lubricate threaded area -3- as well
as between bolt head contact surface -6- and spherical cap ring
-5-. The spherical cap to wheel (rim) contact surface -4- must not
be lubricated.

Note

Only use Optimol TA - G 052 109 A2- paste. The paste must not
get on brake system parts.

Only for RS 2 and RS 4 type 8D:

• Lightly corroded wheel bolts must not be cleaned and lubrica‐
ted. These wheel bolts should be replaced.
• Install wheel bolts dry.
All Vehicles
– Check whether the wheel bolts can be easily installed by hand
without tools. It must be easy to install the wheel bolts the en‐
tire length of the threads when installing the wheel.
– Make sure that threads align with the hub. The threads of the
wheel bolts must not touch the holes in the brake disc.
– If the thread of the wheel bolt touches the hole, turn the brake
disc relative to the wheel accordingly.
Wheel Mounting

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 31

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

♦ Place wheel on wheel hub and secure it by hand with two

wheel bolts on opposite sides.
♦ Install remaining wheel bolts by hand, they must be easy to
install. Make sure that they are centered exactly.
♦ Take load off wheel if necessary by raising slightly and lightly
tighten two wheel bolts by hand.
♦ When mounting a wheel, tighten all wheel bolts uniformly by
hand.
♦ Tighten the wheel bolts diagonally
Protectedusing, for Copying
by copyright. example, a four-
for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
way lug wrench, to about 30 Nm.
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Note

Make sure the correct wheel bolts are installed. Refer to the Parts
Catalog.

WARNING

Do not use an impact wrench to install the wheel bolts.

– Lift the wheel slightly to take the pressure off it.

– Lower the vehicle to the floor and tighten diagonally all wheel
bolts to the specified wheel bolt tightening specification.
Refer to ⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications”, page 5 .
– Lower the vehicle onto its wheels. Refer to ⇒ Suspension,
Wheels, Steering; Rep. Gr. 44 ; Vehicle Alignment .

13.5 Run-Flat Tires, Removing and Mounting

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

Refer to ⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications”, page 5 .

Safety Precautions, Run-flat tires. Refer to
⇒ “13.6 Safety Precautions, Run-Flat Tires”, page 33 .

32 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Installation instructions, run-flat tires. Refer to

⇒ “13.7 Installation Instructions, Run-Flat Tires”, page 34 .
Pressing off tires, run-flat tires. Refer to
⇒ “13.8 Pressing Off Tires, Run-Flat Tires”, page 35 .
Removing tires, run-flat tires. Refer to
⇒ “13.9 Removing Tires, Run-Flat Tires”, page 36 .
Installing tires, run-flat tires. Refer to
⇒ “13.10 Tires, Mounting, Run-Flat Tires”, page 38 .

13.6 Safety Precautions, Run-Flat Tires

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

• Work for removing and mounting tires with emergency running

characteristics must only be performed by mechanics special‐
ly trained for it.
• The special tools necessary must be in proper working order
and not damaged! Contact manufacturer of tire mounting de‐
vice found in the workshop directly for suitable additional tools.
Additional tools are offered as recommended accessories for
the tire mounting devices listed with VAS - numbers.
• If necessary, use a mounting paste recommended by the tire
manufacturer.
• The description of work procedure for removing and mounting
may vary depending on the device manufacturer and type of
device.
• The following work procedure described explains the principal
procedure for removing and mounting tires with emergency
running characteristics. It is important to recognize run-flat
tires before starting the removal and mounting process as it
will be different from the process used with standard tires.
• Characteristics: these tires are identified with the following ab‐
breviations: DSST, Euforia, RFT, ROF, RSC, SSR or ZP.
These abbreviations are located on the tire flank behind tire
designation of the respective tire manufacturer.
• Always note the instructions and danger warnings identified in
the following description!
• Check whether tire pressure sensor should be replaced (if
equipped) the Vehicle Diagnostic Tester.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Note

♦ During removal and mounting work, make sure that no contact

is made between tires and tire pressure sensor.
♦ When cleaning disc wheel (rim), tire pressure monitor sensor
must not come into contact with water or be blown with pres‐
surized air.

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 33

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

13.7 Installation Instructions, Run-Flat Tires

Warm up cold tires to the minimum mounting temperature

Note

This applies also to ultra high performance tires (height-/width ra‐

tion smaller/same 45% and speed rating symbol larger than/same
as V).

WARNING

The minimum mounting temperature for a tire may not be be‐

low 21℃ or above 30℃.

• For injury-free mounting, the upper Protected

sidewall and the
by copyright. upper
Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
bead inside must be minimum 15° C with (59° F).
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
• The internal temperature is called the core temperature.
• Rubber is a poor heat conductor, and for this reason, a cold
tire must be within a temperature-controlled environment for a
sufficient amount of time until the inner rubber layers have
warmed up to at least 21°C (70°F).
• The tire surface temperature during the warm-up phase is not
a measure the inside temperature.
• So that the cold tires warm up as quickly as possible, never
stack them one on top of the other; store them separated from
each other so that the warm air can “circulate” around them.
• Never us a room heater or a hot air gun to warm up tires be‐
cause the surface temperature will heat up very quickly to a
critical temperature.
• To prevent damage, only warm water or warm air (maximum
50° C (32° F) (122° F)) can be used to warm up a tire!
• If cold tires (below 0° C (32° F)) are brought into a warm room
(above 0° C (32° F)), a layer of ice will start to form on the tires.
This layer of ice means that humidity in the warm air is con‐
densing on the tire.
• Once the layer of ice starts to melt, wipe up the water with a
rag so that the warming up process will not be slowed down.
Warm-Up Time:
♦ Using the example of a room temperature of at least 19° C (66°
F) and a tire temperature of 0° C (32° F) or higher, the tires
should be stored for at least two hours at least 19° C (66° F).
♦ If the room temperature is minimum 19° C (66° F) and the tire
temperature is below 0° C (32° F) , then the tires should be
stored for at least 2.5 hours at a minimum room temperature
of 19° C (66° F).
Recommendations:
♦ If possible, let the tires stand in the workshop for one day be‐
fore mounting them.
♦ Store the tires as high as possible on an insulated surface,
pallet or something similar.
♦ Position the tires so that they can be “surrounded” by the warm
air.
♦ Wipe off the sweat.

34 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

♦ Never heat the tires with a room heater or a hot air gun!

WARNING

The minimum mounting temperature for a tire may not be be‐

low 21°C (70°F) or above 30℃. (86 °F)

13.8 Pressing Off Tires, Run-Flat Tires

Caution

♦ Refer to
⇒ “13.6 Safety Precautions, Run-Flat Tires”, page 33

– Release air from tires, unscrew the valve insert to do so.

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– When pressing off tire on a tire dismounting/mounting ma‐

chine with press-off blade, always make sure that tire valve/
tire pressure sensor -arrow- is located opposite the press-off
blade -1-.
Press-off blade must be applied at maximum 2 cm removed from
rim flange.
– Remove balancing weights and coarse dirt from disc wheel.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 35

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Press off both tire beads around circumference while thor‐

oughly applying tire mounting paste between tire and rim
flange -arrow-.

13.9 Removing Tires, Run-Flat Tires

Caution

♦ Refer to
⇒Protected
“13.6 bySafety Precautions, Run-Flat Tires”, page 33
copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

36 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Turn wheel on tire mounting device so that tire valve/tire pres‐

sure sensor -2- stands in front of mounting head -1-.

Caution

Mounting head -1- must not be located in area -a- of tire valve/
tire pressure sensor, otherwise the mounting head will damage
the tire pressure sensor.

– Position mounting head -1-byincopyright.

Protected vicinity of tire
Copying for valve/tire pressure
private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
sensor so that tire iron can be put on approximately 30° next
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability

to tire valve/tire pressure sensor -2-.

with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

– Install press holders -3- on disc wheel opposite the mounting

head -1-.
– Now pry tire bead over mounting finger on mounting head us‐
ing tire iron and remove tire iron again.
– Let the tire dismounting/mounting machine run clockwise until
upper bead lies completely above the rim flange.

This slides the press holders -1- against the mounting head. This
allows them to be removed again easily.

– Turn wheel on tire mounting device so that tire valve/tire pres‐

sure sensor -2- stands in front of mounting head -1-.

Caution

Mounting head -1- must not be located in area -a- of tire valve/
tire pressure sensor, otherwise the mounting head will damage
the tire pressure sensor.

– Position mounting head -1- in vicinity of tire valve/tire pressure

sensor so that tire iron can be put on approximately 30° next
to tire valve/tire pressure sensor -2-.
– Now pry tire bead over mounting finger of mounting head using
tire iron -3-.
– In addition, insert a plastic mounting lever -4-.
– Remove tire iron -3- again.

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 37

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Using plastic mounting lever -1-, hold bead in place over the
rim flange from outside and let tire mounting device run clock‐
wise until tire has been pulled off completely from disc wheel.

Note

♦ Check tire pressure sensor for loose or damaged parts. If

threaded connections are loose, union nut, valve insert, seal,
sealing washer and valve cap must be replaced by new parts
from repair set Parts Catalog.
♦ If tire pressure sensor is damaged, then it must be replaced
completely.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

13.10 Tires, Mounting, Run-Flat Tires

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

Caution

♦ Refer to
⇒ “13.7 Installation Instructions, Run-Flat Tires”, page 34
♦ Refer to
⇒ “13.6 Safety Precautions, Run-Flat Tires”, page 33

– Coat rim flanges, tire beads and inside of upper tire beads
thoroughly with tire mounting paste.

WARNING

The minimum mounting temperature for a tire may not be be‐

low 21°C (70°F) or above 30℃. (86 °F)

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

38 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Turn disc wheel on tire mounting device so that tire valve/ Tire
Pressure Sensor -1- stands on opposite side of mounting head
-2-.
– Let the tire dismounting/mounting machine run clockwise.

WARNING

The minimum mounting temperature for a tire may not be be‐

low 21℃ or above 30℃.

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– Mounting of the lower bead ends before the tire valve/ Tire
Pressure Sensor -arrow- to prevent damage to Tire Pressure
Sensor .
Tire bead now slips over the rim flange. Wheel may be turned only
as far until mounting head is located just in front of tire valve/ Tire
Pressure Sensor -arrow-.

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 39

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Turn disc wheel on tire mounting device so that tire valve/ Tire
Pressure Sensor -1- stands on opposite side of mounting head
-2-.
– Install press holders -3- on disc wheel.
– Make sure the tire bead is seated correctly on the mounting
head and run the mounting machine clockwise.

– Mounting of the upper bead ends before the tire valve/ Tire
Pressure Sensor -arrow- to prevent damage to Tire Pressure
Sensor .
Tire bead now slips over the rim flange. Wheel may be turned only
as far until mounting head is located just in front of tire valve/ Tire
Pressure Sensor -arrow-.
– Remove press holders from rim flange.
– Inflate the tire to a inflation pressure of maximum 3.3 bar
(bounce pressure).

Caution

If tire beads do not make contact completely on disc wheel

edge, pressure must not be increased under any circumstan‐
ces.
Pre-damage to tire or disc wheel would result.

– If tire beads do not make contact completely on disc wheel

edge, then release air, press off tire bead once more and coat
rim flange thoroughly again with tire mounting paste.
– Inflate the tire to a inflation pressure of maximum 3.3 bar
(bounce pressure).
– If tire beads make contact on bead seat without problems, then
increase inflation pressure to 4 bar to »settle« tire.
– Screw on a new valve insert and fill the tires to the specified
pressure.
– Then balance wheel.
– Install the wheel and tighten it to tightening specification.

40 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

13.11 Overview - Tire Pressure Monitoring

System

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

Beru wheel electronics system. Refer to

⇒ “13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Beru ”, page 49 .
Siemens wheel electronics system. Refer to
⇒ “13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Siemens ”, page 50 .
Direct Measurement Systems according to Vehicle Model. Refer
to
⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”,
page 44Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
Indirect Measurement Systems
with respect to the correctness according
of information in thisto Vehicle
document. Model.
Copyright Re‐AG.
by AUDI
fer to
⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”,
page 44
Refer to ⇒ “14 Wheel Electronics, New Design”, page 51

Note

Which system is installed can be identified on the wheel elec‐

tronics label.

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 41

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

1 - Metal Valve Body

❑ Refer to the Parts Cata‐
log for the allocation of
the only valves to be in‐
stalled.
❑ delivered complete
❑ Replace valve insert
with every tire change
❑ Removing and Instal‐
ling. Refer to
⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve
Body, Removing and In‐
stalling”, page 44 .
2 - Valve Insert
3 - Seal
❑ Removing and Instal‐
ling. Refer to
⇒Protected
“13.13 by Metal
copyright.Valve
Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
Body, Removing
permitted andbyIn‐
unless authorised AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
stalling”, page
with respect to the44 .
correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Note

Depending on the model, it is not

separable from the valve. Refer to
Parts Catalog

4 - Rim
❑ All models: 4 Nm
❑ Tires, Dismounting and
Mounting. Refer to
⇒ Fig. ““Dismounting
Tire”“ , page 44
Run-Flat Tires, Dismounting.
Refer to
⇒ “13.9 Removing Tires, Run-
Flat Tires”, page 36

5 - Wheel Electronics
❑ Batteries must be completely replaced.
❑ Remaining battery life, temperature and pressure can be read via diagnosis using the Vehicle Diagnostic
Tester .
❑ Beru Wheel Electronics System, Installing. Refer to
⇒ “13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring System), Beru ”, page 49 .
❑ Siemens Wheel Electronics System, Installing. Refer to
⇒ “13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring System), Siemens ”, page 50 .
Refer to ⇒ “14 Wheel Electronics, New Design”, page 51

Note

Which system is installed can be

identified on the wheel electronics
label.

42 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

WARNING
If tire sealant was used,
then the wheel electron‐
ics on that particular
wheel must be replaced.

WARNING
Damaged wheel elec‐
tronics must be re‐
placed.

6 - Microencapsulated Screw

Note

Only used on Beru systems

All Models: 4 Nm
❑ Replacing the bolt
❑ can only be obtained as a replacement part with wheel electronics
7 - Union Nut
❑ Removing and Installing. Refer to ⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”, page 44 .
❑ Tightening specification. Refer to ⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”, page 44 .
8 - Beveled Washer
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
13.12 Tires, Changing
The valve insert must be replaced with every tire change.
Metal valve and wheel electronics can be reused.
– Let air out of tire by removing the valve insert.

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– Tires, dismounting. Refer to

⇒ Fig. ““Dismounting Tire”“ , page 44 .
Removing Run-Flat Tires. Refer to
⇒ “13.9 Removing Tires, Run-Flat Tires”, page 36 .
– Perform a visual inspection for loose or damaged parts. If there
are loose threaded connections, replace entire valve unit.

Note

Damaged wheel electronics must be replaced.

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 43

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Dismounting Tire
Roll or press tires off.
When using pressure paddles, first separate tires from side op‐
posite of valve.

Note

Do not use pressure paddles in hatched area -a-.

– Position mounting head near valve so that so that tire iron can
be put on approximately 30° -b- next to tire valve.
– Then remove tire in valve area first.
Installing Run-Flat Tires. Refer to
⇒ “13.10 Tires, Mounting, Run-Flat Tires”, page 38 .

Mounting Tire
Do Not Use Pressure Paddles in Valve Area.

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– Position wheel electronics approximately 180° opposite of

mounting head.
– Press tire in bed approximately 90° in front of mounting head
-arrow-.
– Install a new valve insert.
– Mount tire.
– Fill tires, reinstall plastic cap.
– Balance tires. Refer to ⇒ “22 Balancing”, page 86 .
– Install wheel.

13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Instal‐

ling
⇒ “14 Wheel Electronics, New Design”, page 51
Special tools and workshop equipment required

44 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

♦ Torque Wrench 1410 - VAG1410- and Torque Wrench 1331

5-50Nm -VAG1331- 11 mm.
– Place metal valve with rubber seal through rim from inside.
– Attach chamfered washer and union nut from outside and
tighten by hand.
– Tighten the union nut.

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 45

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

46 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Union Nut Tightening Specification

Model, System Country Nm
type
A1, 8X TPMS + indirect measur‐ USA and rest of ------
ing 8) the world
A3, 8P Direct Measuring, Sie‐ USA 8 Nm
mens 7)
A3, 8P TPMS + indirect measur‐ Rest of the world ------
ing 9)
A4, 8E Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 4 Nm
7)
the world
A4, 8K Direct Measuring, Sie‐ USA 8 Nm
mens 7)
A4, 8K TPMS + indirect measur‐ Rest of the world ------
ing 8)
A5, 8T Direct Measuring, Sie‐ USA 8 Nm
mens 7)
A5, 8T TPMS + indirect measur‐ Rest of the world ------
ing 8)
S5, 8T Direct Measuring, Sie‐ USA 8 Nm
mens 7)
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
S5, 8T TPMS + indirect measur‐
permitted Rest ofbythe
unless authorised AUDIworld
AG. AUDI AG ------
does not guarantee or accept any liability
ing 8) with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
A5, S5 Direct Measuring, Sie‐ USA 8 Nm
Cabriolet mens 7)
8F
A5, S5 TPMS + indirect measur‐ Rest of the world ------
Cabriolet ing 8)
8F
A6, 4B Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 4 Nm
7)
the world
A6, 4F Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 4 Nm
7)
the world
RS6, 4F Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 6 Nm
7)
the world
A6, 4G TPMS + indirect measur‐ USA and rest of ------
ing 8) the world
A7, 4G TPMS + indirect measur‐ USA and rest of ------
ing 8) the world
A8, 4E Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 4 Nm
7)
the world
A8, 4H TPMS + indirect measur‐ USA and rest of ------
ing 8) the world
Q5, 8R Direct Measuring, Sie‐ USA 8 Nm
mens 7)
Q7, 4L Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 4 Nm
7)
the world
Q7, Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 4 Nm
4L-12- 7)
the world
cylinder
Q7, 4M Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 4 Nm
7)
the world
TT, 8J Direct Measuring, Sie‐ USA 8 Nm
mens 7)
TT, 8J TPMS + indirect measur‐ Rest of the world ------
ing 8)

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 47

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Model, System Country Nm

type
TT, FV Direct Measuring, Sie‐ USA 8 Nm
mens 7)
TT, FV TPMS + indirect measur‐ Rest of the world ------
ing 8)
R8, 42 Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 6 Nm
7)
the world
R8, 4S Direct Measuring, Beru USA and rest of 6 Nm
7)
the world
All other models: 4 Nm
7) TPMS direct measuring. The wheel electronics are installed insideProtected
the wheelby copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
on the metal valve; the tire pressure and temperature values are transmitted
permitted and
unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
evaluated periodically. with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

8) TPMS + indirect measuring. There are no wheel electronics installed inside the
wheel. With the help of the ABS sensors, the TPMS compares the speed and
rolling circumference of the individuals wheels. The loss of pressure is determined
indirectly. If there is a change in the tire pressure, then the speed and the rolling
circumference of wheel will also change.
9) TPMS indirect measuring. There are no wheel electronics installed inside the
wheel. With the help of the ABS sensors, the TPMS compares the rolling circum‐
ference of the individual wheels. The loss of pressure is determined indirectly. If
there is a change in the tire pressure, then the speed of the tire will also change.

– Secure against turning with counterhold -1- (for example, a 2

mm drill bit).

48 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pres‐

sure Monitoring System), Beru
⇒ “14 Wheel Electronics, New Design”, page 51
⇒ “13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Siemens ”, page 50
Overview, Beru System

WARNING

If tire sealant was used, then the wheel electronics on that par‐
ticular wheel must be replaced.

WARNING

Damaged wheel electronics must be replaced.

– Push the wheel electronics -1- into the bed.

– Install on the valve from the back with a microencapsulated
screw ⇒ Item 6 (page 43)

Note

♦ Replace the microencapsulated screw.

♦ Tighten the microencapsulated screw to 4 Nm on all models.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Special tools and workshop equipment required

13. Wheels/Tires/Tire Pressure Monitoring Assembly 49

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

♦ Torque Wrench 1410 - VAG1410- and Torque Wrench 1410

Insert - Accessory Kit -VAG1410/1-

Tightening specification for all models: 4 Nm

13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pres‐

sure Monitoring System), Siemens
⇒ “14 Wheel Electronics, New Design”, page 51
⇒ “13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Beru ”, page 49

WARNING

If tire sealant was used, then the wheel electronics on that par‐
ticular wheel must be replaced.

♦ The Siemens wheel electronics does not have a microencap‐

sulated screw.
♦ A union nut holds the wheel electronics in place inside the rim
-item 7- ⇒ Item 7 (page 43) .
♦ The metal valve body serves as an antenna.
♦ The connection between the metal valve body to the wheel
electronics must not get damaged.

WARNING

Counterhold the metal valve from the back by hand when

pressing the wheel electronics into the bed on the rim. The
connection between the metal valve to the wheel electronics
must not get interrupted or damaged. Damaged wheel elec‐
tronics must be replaced.

– Press the wheel electronics into the bed.

– Tighten the wheel electronics to the metal valve with thebyunion
Protected copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
nut. Refer to permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”,with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
page 44

50 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

14 Wheel Electronics, New Design

⇒ “13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Beru ”, page 49
⇒ “13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Siemens ”, page 50

Assembly Sequence
– Fold the valve -1- downward -arrow A toward B-.
– Slide the valve with the wheel electronics attached through the
valve opening in the rim.

– Rotate the union nut -2- three turns on the valve -1-.
– Tighten the union nut -2- until the bar breaks with an audible
snap.

Note

Press the wheel electronics -1- firmly on the rim well at the same
time so that it rests securely on the rim well.

– Tighten the union nut to 4 Nm.

14. Wheel Electronics, New Design 51

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

15 Wheel Rims, Preparing

⇒ “15.1 Preparing the Wheel Rims”, page 52

15.1 Preparing the Wheel Rims

WARNING

♦ Do not repair damaged rims by heating, welding or adding

or removing material.
♦ Do not repair damaged or deformed rims or rims with
cracked or deformed bolt holes.
♦ Only prepare wheels with tested and specified original
paint materials.
♦ No warranty claims can be made against the manufacturer
after preparing rims.

Do not repair rims that have cracks forming on the edges. Replace
them immediately.
Cutting work, application of heat and welding applications of any
kind are not permitted.
Reshaping material is not permitted.
The true running and axial run-out deviations before preparation
must not exceed the manufacturing tolerance of 0.8 mm.
Only cast light alloy wheels may be primed. These wheels have
the material identification AIsi xx on the inside.
Forged wheels may only be painted.
Preparation is limited to the painted surfaces.
Wheels that have been worn smooth that only have a clear coat
may not be repaired.
Only surface damage on the visible side of the wheel may be
prepared.
Damage must not be more than 1 mm deep.
Up to 50 mm of the rim flange can be repaired and filled (up to 1
mm deep).

52 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

16 Side Wall Lettering

Refer to ⇒ “16.2 EU Tire Label”, page 56
Example: Dunlop SP Sport 9000

1 - Size Designation (215/55

ZR16)
❑ Label on PAX tires. Re‐
fer to
⇒ “16.1 Run-Flat Tire
(PAX), Labeling On
Sidewall”, page 55
2 - Manufacturer (Trade
Name)
3 - Tread Designation
4 - Label for Tubeless Tires
5 - Radial - Construction (Ra‐
dially-Oriented Fibers in Shell)
6 - Note for Versions with »Rim
Protection«
7 - Production Date - See Tire
Aging
❑ ⇒ “17.17 Tires, Protected
Aging”,by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
page 72 permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Note

Retreaded tires also have a label

“R” or “Retreated” and the date
when it was retreaded instead of the
production date.

8 - E number = Approval Num‐

ber The Tires Fulfill all Europe‐
an Guidelines.
❑ European guidelines
according to ECE-R30,
EEC92/93 or ECE - R
117

Note

♦ Based on the EU guideline ECE-

R117, tires that fulfill the new
driving noise limits also have an
“S” designation for Sound on the
sidewall.
♦ For passenger vehicle tires with
a cross section up to 185 mm:
from 10/01/2009
♦ For passenger vehicle tires with
a cross section from 185 mm to
215 mm: from 10/01/2010
♦ For passenger vehicle tires with
a cross section over 215 mm:
from 10/01/2011

16. Side Wall Lettering 53

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

9 - Production Country - Manufactured in Germany.

10 - Internal Tread Code from Manufacturer
11 - Department of Transportation - the Tires Fulfill the Guidelines of the American Traffic Authorities
12 - Example: Dunlop SP Sport 9000
DOT - identification number code for production plant, tire size and tire version

13 - Maximum Permitted Load (Load Index)

❑ Table. Refer to ⇒ “17.10 Load Rating/Load Index (LI)”, page 68 .

Note

Additional designation of “Rein‐

forced” or “Extra Load” or “XL” is
required for tire load capacity in‐
crease
❑ Reinforced, Extra Load Tires. Refer to ⇒ “17.11 Tires, Reinforced, Extra Load”, page 69
14 - Number of Layers in the Tread Center and in the Sidewalls and Specification of Material
15 - Position of Tread Wear Indicator (TWI)
❑ ⇒ page 66 .
16 - Relative Service Life Expectancy - Abrasion Resistance - Refers to a US-Specific Standard Test
17 - Rating of Wet Braking Capability: A, B or C Based on US-Specific Test
18 - Rating of Temperature Stability: A, B or C Based on US-Specific Test
19 - Safety Notes for use or Fitting of Tires
20 - Indication of "Ultralight Construction", Tire is up to 30% Lighter
21 - Specified Running Direction ofProtected
Tire by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
22 - Inmetro Label, is Only Required with
forrespect
the Brazilian Market
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Tire Dimension Explanation

Tires Speed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Summer tires up to 240 km/h 195 65 R 15 91 V -
Winter tires Up to 160 km/h 195 65 R 15 91 Q M+S
Winter tires Up to 190 km/h 195 65 R 15 91 T M+S
High speed tires Over 240 km/h 225 50 ZR 16 91 - -

1- Tire width
2- Aspect ratio in %
3- Tire construction code “R” (means radial)
4- Rim diameter designation
5- Load index (LI)
6- Speed Rating
7- Winter tire/designation for all-season tire

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ A designation required by Audi may also be on the sidewall,

such as “R01” and/or “AO”. These are approved by Audi and
are specially designed for specific Audi models.
♦ The designation “R01” can vary depending on the model from
“R02 or R0...”.

Note

♦ Based on the EU guideline ECE- R117, tires that fulfill the new
driving noise limits also have an “S” designation for Sound on
the sidewall.
♦ For passenger vehicle tires with a cross section up to 185 mm:
from 10/01/2009
♦ For passenger vehicle tires with a cross section from 185 mm
to 215 mm: from 10/01/2010
♦ For passenger vehicle tires with a cross section over 215 mm:
from 10/01/2011

Run-flat tires, SST (Self Supporting Tire) and PAX have a special
designation on the tire sidewall depending on the manufacturer.

16.1 Run-Flat Tire (PAX), Labeling On Sidewall

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Summer tires up to 195 65 R 15 91 V
240 km/
h
Winter tires Up to 195 65 R 15 91 Q M+S
160 km/
h
Winter tires Up to 195 65 R 15 91 T M+S
190 km/
h
High speed tires Over 225 50 ZR 16 19 Z
240 km/
h

1- Tire width
2- Aspect ratio in %
3- Tire construction code “R” means radial
4- Rim diameter designation
5- Load index
6- Speed Rating
7- Winter tire/designation for all-season tire

16. Side Wall Lettering 55

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
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16.2 EU Tire Label

⇒ “16.2.1 Brief Overview - EU Tire Label”, page 56
⇒ “16.2.2 EU Tire Label, Purposes”, page 56
⇒ “16.2.3 EU Tire Label, Categories”, page 57

16.2.1 Brief Overview - EU Tire Label

Starting on 11/01/2012, tire manufacturers must comply with the
new EU Regulation (EG) 1222/2009 (Tire Labeling Regulation).
The Tire Labeling Regulation requires that information pertaining
to rolling resistance (fuel efficiency), wet grip and external rolling
noise be printed on a uniform EU tire label. The goal of this is to
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
increase safety and ecological andwitheconomical road transport
respect to the correctness ef‐in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
of information
ficiency by using tires that are safer, quieter and use less fuel.
The new EU tire label contains concrete information for seven
classes from A to G.
There are 3 different categories:

1 - Rolling Resistance
❑ Explanations. Refer to
⇒ page 57 .
2 - Wet Grip
❑ Explanations. Refer to
⇒ page 58 .
3 - Noise Emission
❑ Explanations. Refer to
⇒ page 59 .

16.2.2 EU Tire Label, Purposes

♦ To reduce fuel usage

56 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

♦ To improve road safety

♦ To reduce traffic noise
The EU Tire Label Provides the end-user with Information about
the tire's Most Important Properties. However, it Does not Provide
all Critical Safety Criteria.
♦ Explaining additional tire properties can exert a sustained in‐
fluence on the purchasing decision.
♦ The customer should be made aware of the limited reliability
of the label regarding tire properties. For example, the label
says nothing about the winter properties on winter tires.
♦ Tire tests remain important sources of information for dealers
and end-users.
The tires test check many other performance factors, including
the following:
♦ Aquaplaning properties
♦ Driving stability
♦ Steering precision
♦ Service life
♦ Braking properties
♦ Performance under winter conditions

16.2.3 EU Tire Label, Categories

Rolling Resistance ⇒ page 57
Wet Grip ⇒ page 58
Noise Emission ⇒ page 59
Rolling Resistance
Rolling Resistance:
♦ is defined as the amount of energy used by a tire to travel to
a given distance.
♦ This corresponds to the loss of energy in units per defined
distance.
♦ This is expressed as an quotient of energy in Newton meters
(Nm) and of distance in meters (m). Thus, the rolling resist‐
ance is expressed as a force in Newtons (N).
The rolling resistance of a tire is defined by the rolling resistance
coefficient cR:
cR = FR Z
♦ cR - Rolling resistance coefficient
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
♦ FR - Rolling resistance
permitted force
unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
♦ Z - Vehicle weight (sum of all wheel loads)
Goal
♦ To reduce rolling resistance
♦ To economize fuel and CO2

16. Side Wall Lettering 57

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Evaluation
♦ Separated into fuel efficiency classes A to G
♦ Class D is not used

Note

♦ The fuel efficiency classes are listed in EU Regulation (EG)

1222/2009. Tires categories are established by this regulation.
♦ The rolling resistance is ascertained by prescribed tests per‐
formed by the tire manufacturer.
♦ The lower the rolling resistance, the lower the fuel consump‐
tion.

A - Lowest rolling resistance coefficient = lowest fuel consumption

B - + 0.10 liters / 100 km
C - + 0.12 liters / 100 km Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
E - + 0.14 liters / 100 km with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

F - + 0.15 liters / 100 km

G - + 0.15 liters / 100 km

Wet Grip
Definition
For the wet grip, the wet grip parameter G must be determined.
The wet grip parameter G is defined by testing the distance re‐
quired by a standardized vehicle to brake from 80 km/h down to
20 km/h on a wet, even road surface. The test is performed using
predefined standard reference test tires (SRTT), allowing for the
wet grip parameter G to be determined. Mean fully developed
deceleration (mfdd) is used for the test.
The mean fully developed deceleration is determined thusly:
mfdd = 231.48S
S - the braking distance between 80 km/h and 20 km/h in meters
The wet grip parameter G is determined thusly:
G = mfdd of the tire to be checkedmfdd of the standard refer‐
ence tire
mfdd - mean fully developed deceleration
Goal
♦ Good wet grip on tire
♦ Sharp decrease in braking distance

58 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Evaluation
♦ Separated into wet grip classes A to G
♦ Classes D and G are not used

Note

♦ The wet grip classes are listed in EU Regulation (EG)

1222/2009. Tires categories are established by this regulation.
♦ The lower the wet grip parameter, the shorter the braking dis‐
tance.

A - lowest wet grip parameter = shortest braking distance

B - 3 to 6 m longer braking distance compared to category A
C - 3 to 6 m longer braking distance compared to category B
E - 3 to 6 m longer braking distance compared to category C
F - 3 to 6 m longer braking distance compared to category E
1 - When emergency braking at 80 km/h, the difference between
using class A and class F tires can be more than 18 m.

Noise Emission
Goal
♦ To reduce pass-by noise
♦ To reduce noise impact
Evaluation
♦ Protected
Take measurements from outside of the vehicle only
by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
♦ permitted
Divided into three classes
unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

♦ Three black waves signify the worst performance. The tire

produces external rolling noise, which falls below the current
EU Directive 2001/43/EG limit. The limit surpasses the future
limit set by EU Regulation (EG) 661/2009, which will go into
effect in 2016.
♦ Two black waves: the tire noise level does not exceed the fu‐
ture limit set by EU Regulation (EG) 661/2009, which will go
into effect in 2016.
♦ One black wave: the tire noise level does not exceed the future
limit set by EU Regulation (EG) 661/2009, which will go into
effect in 2016, by at least three decibels.

Note

♦ Reducing the noise measured value from two black waves

down to one corresponds to 3 dB, which halves the noise level.
♦ Please note that extreme tire rolling noise does not always
correspond to the noise in the vehicle interior.

16. Side Wall Lettering 59

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
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17 Tire Requirement and Maintenance

⇒ “17.1 Introduction”, page 60
⇒ “17.2 Tire Requirements”, page 62
⇒ “17.3 Tire Service Life, Influences”, page 62
⇒ “17.4 Maintenance (Tire Air Pressure)”, page 63
⇒ “17.5 Driving Style”, page 64
⇒ “17.6 Tread Depth, Measuring”, page 65
⇒ “17.7 Speed Code/High Speed”, page 66
⇒ “17.8 Tires, Speed Ratings”, page 67
⇒ “17.9 Winter Tires with Speed Rating V ”, page 67
⇒ “17.10 Load Rating/Load Index (LI)”, page 68
⇒ “17.11 Tires, Reinforced, Extra Load”, page 69
⇒ “17.12 Winter Tires, Extra Load, Speed Rating V”, page 69
⇒ “17.13 Snow Chains”, page 69
⇒ “17.14 Rubber Valve”, page 71
⇒ “17.15 Tires, Storing”, page 71
⇒ “17.16 Tire Storage”, page 72
⇒ “17.17 Tires, Aging”, page 72
⇒ “17.18 Tires, Replacing”, page 73
⇒ “17.19 Light Alloy Wheels, Care and Maintenance”, page 73
⇒ “17.20 Tires with Rim Protector”, page 74

17.1 Introduction
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
This revised
permitted unlessinformation should
authorised by AUDI AG. AUDIsupplement the knowledge
AG does not guarantee and
or accept any liability
experience
with respectyou
to thealready
correctnesshave.
of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

With this information, we want to help you make as clear and cer‐
tain a statement as possible concerning tire damage and com‐
plaints.
This chapter contains general information on tires and wheels.
Wheels are high-tech products which have been optimally match‐
ed to the operating conditions of modern vehicles.
As for all technically highly developed products, careful handling,
care and maintenance are required for tires as well. Only then are
the safety, performance and driving comfort guaranteed for the
entire service life of the tire.
The tires are subject to a process of constant further develop‐
ment. As a result of modern construction techniques, finishing
processes and constant quality checks, high-quality tires are pro‐
duced. All tires approved by Audi have been tested by technical
development and matched to the respective vehicle type in co‐
operation with the tire manufacturers.
Therefore, when replacing the tires, we recommend always to
mount the approved and recommended tire brands.
Vehicle safety always has the highest priority. With regard to the
various operating conditions, such as:
• Different speed ranges
• Winter and summer use

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• Wet and dry roads

An optimal compromise must be found to ensure driver safety.
Every tire faces many different types of stress over distance and
time. Therefore, it is important that the basic requirements for op‐
timal use of tires are fulfilled.
The correct adjustment of the axle geometry is an important re‐
quirement for optimum service life of the tire. Therefore, the
adjustment of the axle geometry must lie within the specified tol‐
erance range.

Note

There are many causes for tire damage and complaints. There‐
fore, it is very important to recognize whether the complaint arises
from the tires or from other components.

The running characteristics of the tire change in the course of

normal wear. Rolling noises and vibrations can result from this.
These are not damage in the sense of tire defects, but rather
symptoms resulting from use. These can be corrected, at least
partially, by specific measures. In certain cases, rolling noise can‐
not be completely eliminated.

17. Tire Requirement and Maintenance 61

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17.2 Tire Requirements

A - Wet braking behavior
B - Comfort
C - Steering precision
D - Driving stability
E - Tire weight
F - Service life expectancy
G - Rolling resistance
H - Hydroplaning
The pie chart represents the tire's performance. It shows how the
extent of the demands A through H could be distributed in tire
construction and rubber compound.
The improvement of one characteristic leads to the worsening of
another one.
Example:
The improvement of wet braking behavior -A- leads to losses in
comfort -B-, rolling resistance -G- and service life expectancy
-F-.
The service life expectancy of car tires depends not only on the
rubber compound and the tire construction. The operating condi‐
tions, circumstances specific to the vehicle and the driving style
all have a strong influence on the tire's service life.
With modern vehicles and appropriate engines, especially gentle
and economical but also extremely sporty driving is possible.
Service life of 5,000 to 40,000 km (3,100 to 25,000 miles) and
even more is possible.

Note

Driving style is the decisive influencing factor on the life of the

tires.

17.3 Tire Service Life, Influences

The following factors influence the service life of a tire in varying
degrees.
♦ Speed Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
♦ Brakes with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

♦ Acceleration
♦ Cornering
♦ Driving Style
♦ Maintenance
♦ Tire Pressure
Area:
♦ Paving
♦ Exterior temperature/climate
Vehicle:
♦ Weight

62 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

♦ Tire Pressure
♦ Dynamic toe- + and camber values
Tire operating conditions
Speed range, wet or dry
Tire construction:
Winter/summer

Note

Having the correct tire pressure in the tires also influences the life
span of the tires.

Note

Always make sure that the tires are inflated to the correct air
pressure.

17.4 Maintenance (Tire Air Pressure)

The weight of the vehicle flattens the tire's contact patch. When
the tire rolls, this results in deformation all around the circumfer‐
ence of the tread and the entire belt assembly. With low pressure,
there is a greater deformation which results in more intense
warming and greater rolling resistance. This all results in a greater
wearProtected
and abygreater
copyright. safety risk.
Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
Example: specified
with respect series production
to the correctness of information in tire pressure
this document. depending
Copyright on
by AUDI AG.
load on cold tires
Air Pressure in bar Air Pressure (%) Service Life (%)
(psi)
2.3 (33.36) 100 100
1.9 (27.56) 80 85
1.4 (20.3) 60 60
1.0 (14.5) 40 25
Excessive air pressure leads to greater wear at the center of the
tire and reduced rolling comfort. It is recommended always to
maintain the air pressure indicated by the manufacturer.
Diagram 1:
Tread depth over service life for vehicles with front wheel drive
and V tires.
P - Tread Depth
S - Distance Driven
1 - Front Axle
2 - Rear Axle

17. Tire Requirement and Maintenance 63

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Diagram 2:
Tread depth over service life for vehicles with all wheel drive and
V tires.
P - Tread Depth
S - Distance Driven
1 - Front Axle
2 - Rear Axle

Note

♦ The diagrams presented cannot be applied in general.

♦ They only illustrate the wear characteristics on the front and
rear axles as well as wear characteristics of front and all-wheel
drive vehicles.
♦ Depending on operating conditions and chassis, the service
life that can be attained may deviate substantially.

As can be seen in diagrams -1 and -2, for a given distance, more

tread wears off tires with a complete tread than off tires which are
quite worn. After the first 5,000 km (3100 miles), no conclusion
can be made about the total service life because the wear curve
is not linear.Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
On front-wheelwith
drive vehicles, the front wheels must transmit the
respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

major portion of the lateral and braking forces as well as the

steering and traction forces. Due to these demands, the front tires
on front wheel vehicles wear more quickly than rear tires. Even
usage of all tires is achieved by regularly exchanging front and
rear tires. Rotating the wheels. Refer to ⇒ page 73 .

17.5 Driving Style

1. Constant driving without deceleration and acceleration.
Example:
Speed in km/h Slip Abrasion
(mph)
100 (62) 1 1
180 (112) 3 9
2. Brakes
The highest abrasion is achieved when braking.
Example: Braking at 50 km/h.
Braking Dis‐ Transverse Acceler‐ Slip Abrasion
tance in me‐ ation in g12)
ters (ft)
Coasting vehicle 0 0
100 (328) 0.1 g 4 1
50 (164) 0.2 g 8 4
12.5 (41) 0.4 g 11) 32 2000-3000

10) g = gravitational acceleration: 9.81 m/s2

11) A deceleration with 0.4 g corresponds to heavy braking.

3. Acceleration (driving style)

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The slip that occurs during a gentle acceleration from a stop is

approximately the same as the slip that occurs at a steady speed
of approximately 100 km/h (62 mph).
Example:
Slip Abrasion
Gentle acceleration 1-2 1
Normal acceleration 7-8 5
Acceleration with 20 and more 100-200
driving wheels
Cornering (driving style)
A sporty driving style and driving at higher speeds also cause
greater wear when driving around curves.
In practice, this means doubling the speed in a curve leads to an
increased abrasion by a factor of 16. This is the extra charge for
driving faster.
Example: Driving around a curve with a radius of 150 m.
Speed in km/h Transverse Acceler‐ Abrasion
(mph) ation in g12)
50 (31) 1 = 0.13 g 1
80 (50) 2.5 = 0.33 g 6,5
100 (62) 4 = 0.53 g 16

12) g = gravitational acceleration: 9.81 m/s2

17.6 Tread Depth, Measuring

Note

♦ When measuring tread depth, take measurements in the main

grooves.
♦ Do not measure on the TWI (tread wear indicator).

Tread depth of a tire must be measured in the main grooves at

the points showing the most wear. Main tread grooves can be
recognized by the TWI. The positions of the tread wear indicators
are visible several times along the tire shoulder. The TWI protru‐
sions are 1.6 mm tall. This is the minimum tread depth legally
prescribed in Germany.
Different values may apply in other countries.

17. Tire Requirement and Maintenance 65

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Tread Wear Indicators (TWI) must not be included in the meas‐

urement. The deepest point of the groove must be used for the
measurement.
A - Tread wear indicators (TWIs) in main tread grooves. Items can
be identified six times on the circumference of the tire shoulder.
B - Tread depth -P- in the main tread groove.

Tread wear indicators - TWI

TWI13) is visible six times on the circumference of the tire shoulder.
13) Tread Wear Indicator means profile wear display

17.7 Speed Code/High Speed

Code on the Sidewall Permissible Maximum Tire
Speed in km/h (mph)
L 120 (75)
M 130 (81)
N 140 (87)
P 150 (93)
Q 160 (99)
R 170 (106)
S 180 (112)
T 190 (118)
U 200 (124)
H 210 (131)
V 240 (149)
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
W permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. 270AUDI
(168)
AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Y 300 (186)
ZR over 240 (149)

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Winter Tires with Speed Rating “V”. Refer to

⇒ “17.9 Winter Tires with Speed Rating V ”, page 67 .

17.8 Tires, Speed Ratings

Table. Refer to ⇒ “17.7 Speed Code/High Speed”, page 66 .
The speed rating (for example “T”) behind the tire size specifica‐
tion (for example 185/65 R 14 86T) indicates the maximum per‐
missible speed (vmax) for the tire.
When selecting the tires for a vehicle, ensure that their maximal
permissible speed lies above the maximum speed attainable by
the vehicle (“design-related”).
Formula for Vehicles with Speed Rating “v” from 151 km/h (94
mph)
vmax = 1.01 x v + 6.5 km/h (4.04 mph)
Example: Indicated maximum speed v = 163 km/h (101.28 mph)
vmax = 1.01 x 163 km/h + 6.5 km/h = 171.13 km/h (1.01 x
101.28 mph + 4.04 mph = 106.34 mph)
In this example, a “S”-tire or a tire with a higher-order speed rating
must be used.

Note

For the letter “v”, enter the specified maximum speed in the ve‐
hicle registration Part I or II in the field “T” or in the vehicle title
under number 6. This conversion is necessary, because due to
technical reasons, all vehicles reach different maxim speeds with‐
in a legally permissible range.

17.9 Winter Tires with Speed Rating “V”

Table. Refer to ⇒ “17.7 Speed Code/High Speed”, page 66 .
The tire industry delivers winter tires with V-rating also. These
tires can be applied up to the maximum permissible speed
vmax = 240 km/h (150 mph) only under certain conditions.
Vehicles with V-tires:
Vehicles that require V-tires according to vehicle registration, can
be driven with V winter tires without limitations up to speed rating
“v” max = 240 km/h (150 mph).
Vehicles with W-, Y- or ZR-tires:
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permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Vehicles that require W, Y, or ZR tires according to vehicle reg‐
istration, cannot be driven with V winter tires up to “v” max = 240
km/h (150 mph) under certain conditions.
Why?
V summer tires and V winter tires without special designation
guarantee 100% of the load capacity indicated by their Load Index
(“LI”) only up to a speed of 210 km/h (131 mph).
Speeds above 210 km/h (131 mph) are only possible if the max‐
imum load capacity of the tire is not exceeded. The load capacity
of the tire decreases as the speed increases.
The maximum permissible axle load and the attainable maximum
speed of certain Audi vehicles are so high that the load capacity
of V tires is not sufficient for speeds above 240 km/h (150 mph).

17. Tire Requirement and Maintenance 67

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Example: Tire 205/55 R 16 91V

The Load index (LI) 91 for this tire indicates a load capacity of 615
kg (1356 lb) per tire up to 210 km/h (131 mph).
At 240 km/h (150 mph), the load capacity of this tire is reduced to
only 560 kg (1235 lb) . For this reason, the axle load can only be
maximum 1,120 kg (2469 lb).
The vehicle has an additional axle load of 1,150 kg (2535 lb) and
an attainable maximum speed of 232 km/h (144 mph). This ve‐
hicle can be driven with V winter tires up to a speed of 230 km/h
(143 mph).
This applies to all V winter tires that do not have a special desig‐
nation.
Winter tires identified with Extra Load XL. Refer to
⇒ “17.12 Winter Tires, Extra Load, Speed Rating V”, page 69 .
Permission stipulations in Germany
Only when using winter tires is it permitted that the highest speed
attainable by the vehicle lies above the highest speed of winter
tires specified by the speed rating.
In this case, a warning sign in the view of the driver must be ap‐
plied with the following content:
Attention, winter tires!
Maximum permissible speed ...km/h (mph)

17.10 Load Rating/Load Index (LI)

The load rating can be found on the sidewall of the tire. It provides
information about the maximum load that the tire can bear.
The load rating is located in the tire size designation, for example
195 R 15 91 H. It is indicated on the tire as a code in accordance
with an ETRTO standard. The following table shows the load ca‐
pacity index used by Audi with the corresponding load rating of
the tires.
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permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Load index Maximum load rating of tire in
kg
76 400
77 412
78 425
79 437
80 450
81 462
82 625
83 487
84 500
85 515
86 530
87 545
88 560
89 580
90 600
91 615
92 630
93 650

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Load index Maximum load rating of tire in

kg
94 670
95 690
96 710
97 730
98 750
99 775
100 800
101 825
102 850
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permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
103 with respect to the correctness875
of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

104 900
105 925
106 950
107 975
108 1000
109 1030
110 1060
111 1090
112 1120

17.11 Tires, Reinforced, Extra Load

Tires with XL designation have a higher load capacity than the
tires without this designation.
Some time ago, the designation “Reinforced” was replaced with
the designation “Extra Load” by some tire manufacturers. In coun‐
tries outside Europe, this designation has been conventional for
some time. There are no technical differences.
Some tire manufacturers also use the “XL” designation for Extra
Load tires.
Tires with the designations “Reinforced” or “Extra Load (XL)” are
the same.

17.12 Winter Tires, Extra Load, Speed Rating

V
V winter tires with XL designation have a higher load capacity than
the V winter tires without this designation.
Higher speeds can be attained with XL V-winter tires, but the
maximum speed of the V tires of 240 km/h (150 mph) is not per‐
missible for every vehicle.

Note

The same conditions apply for these tires as for V winter tires.
Refer to ⇒ “17.9 Winter Tires with Speed Rating V ”, page 67
without special designation!

17.13 Snow Chains

Snow chains may be mounted only on the drive wheels.

17. Tire Requirement and Maintenance 69

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Only the front wheels on all wheel drive vehicles and also the back
wheels on the Audi Q5 are equipped with snow chains.
Snow chains are not possible with all wheel/tire combinations.
If no special snow chain type is specified, a snow chain with small
chain links can be used. Only chains which do not stand up more
than 15 mm, including chain lock, may be applied on tire tread
and inner sides.
With some models and certain wheel/tire combinations, only
snow chains with small chain links can be used.

Note

The legally permitted maximum speed when driving with snow

chains is 50 km/h (31 mph).

Remove the snow chains before driving on snow-free roads. This

is because the handling characteristics become worse. During
this, the tires are stressed unnecessarily and the chain wear is
particularly high.

70 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

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17.14 Rubber Valve

1- Valve body
2- Valve Insert
3- Valve cap
1. The Valve Body
The rubber valve for tubeless tires is designed to seal air-tight in
the hole in the rim. The elastic material of the rubber body presses
itself tightly into the hole in the rim.
When valves with threaded metal feet are used, a rubber seal is
used to seal the rim. The area around the edge of the valve hole
is a sealing area. Therefore, they must be free of rust, dirt and
damage.
2. The Valve Insert
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The valve insert has the most
permitted important
unless authorised role inAG.
by AUDI theAUDI
valve:
AG does it seals
not guarantee or accept any liability
and makes it possible to regulate
with the
respect to the tire pressure.
correctness The
of information small
in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
plate seal on the valve core can only do its job when it is free of
impurities, dirt and moisture.
3. Valve Cap
A valve cap must always be screwed onto the valves. It prevents
dirt from getting into the valve. Dirt which may be in the valve
would reach the seal of the valve plate when the tire is inflated
and cause a leak.
The valve must be replaced every time a new tire is fitted.
If the vehicle is driven without caps on the valves, there is the
danger that dirt may get into the valve. This leads to gradual loss
of air and therefore lead to the destruction of the tire.
♦ Separation of shell and rubber
♦ Wide circumferential furrows in the area of the bead
♦ Disintegrated tread

Note

CAUTION! An air-tight seal is ensured only if the valve cap is se‐

cured tightly.

Caution

Do not use valve caps made of aluminum on a valve body

made of steel.

17.15 Tires, Storing

The storage room
Tire storage must be:
• Dark
• Dry
• Cool
• Ventilated
Stored tires must not come in contact with fuel, oil, grease or
chemicals under any circumstances. Otherwise, the material in

17. Tire Requirement and Maintenance 71

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

the tire will be damaged by chemical reactions which are not al‐
ways visible.
This may lead to life-threatening situations when the car is driven.
However, tire damage occurs only when the reaction time of the
chemicals is long. If a few drops of fuel land on a tire during a fill-
up, this is harmless.

17.16 Tire Storage

Complete wheels
Tires mounted on wheels can be stored flat, stacked on upon an‐
other. The air pressure should be raised to a maximum of 3 bar.
Tires without rims
Tires without rims are best stored standing upright. If tires lie
stacked upon another for longer periods of time, they will be
strongly pressed together. This makes mounting more difficult
because the tires do not lie on the bead seat. If the tires are stored
standing vertically, it is recommended to turn them every 14 days
to avoid severe flattening.

17.17 Tires, Aging

Tires age as a result of physical and chemical processes whereby
the function can be impaired. Tires which are stored for longer
periods of time become harder and brittle faster than tires which
are constantly in use on a vehicle. Older tires may develop hairline
cracks from aging. When tires are in constant use, the kneading
activates softeners in the rubber, preventing hardening and the
development of cracks.
Therefore, one should note not just the tread depth but also the
age of spare tires, stored tires and tires which are not permanently
in use. Tire age can be determined from the DOT code which
contains, among other things, the tire's production date.
Example of a DOT number:
DOT ...... 5 0 0 2 <
stands
for 2002
Production year
Calendar week
In this example, the production date is the 50th week in 2002.
Through 12/31/1999, the DOT number was a three-digit number.
Recommendation:
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permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
♦ It is recommended using tires more than 6 years old only in
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

emergencies and only with a cautious driving style.

♦ When new tires are fitted, the spare tire may also be used if it
is in flawless condition and is not more than six years old. The
age of the tire has a great influence on the high-speed capa‐
bility of the tire. The combination of a spare tire which is several
years old with new tires is possible, but it can influence the
car's handling.
♦ Tires are constantly being further developed, this can lead, for
example, to slight changes in the rubber compound, even if
the tires are of the same make, size and tread.
♦ For driving safety reasons, tires of the same make and with
the same tread should be mounted on one axle.
♦ Vehicles with AWD always must be equipped with four wheels
that have tires of the same size, construction, tread pattern

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

and make. Excepted are vehicles that were shipped by Audi

AG with different sized tires on the front and rear axle.

Note

17.18 Tires, Replacing

Note
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We recommend using tires that havepermitted
“AO” unless
on them. These
authorised by AUDItires
AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
are suited for each Audi model. with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Tires must be changed when:

• The legal minimum tread depth of 1.6 mm is reached.
• There is visible damage from mechanical damage.
• The tires are more than six years old.

17.19 Light Alloy Wheels, Care and Mainte‐

nance
To maintain the decorative appearance of light alloy wheels for a
long time, regular care is necessary.
In particular, road salt and dust from brake abrasion must be
thoroughly washed off every two weeks. Otherwise, the paint of
the light alloy wheel will be attacked.
The following are appropriate cleaning agents:
♦ Water or water and soft soap.
♦ Water and vinegar essence.
♦ Light alloy wheel cleaning agents without acids or harsh sol‐
vents.
Do not exceed the soaking time of the cleaning agent.
The shorter the specified soaking time is, the stronger and more
aggressive the cleaning solution is.
If the paint is damaged, for example by impact from a stone, the
paint damage must be repaired immediately.
Remove adhesive residue from light alloy rim adhesive balancing
weights:
♦ Harsh solvents and acids attack the paint on light alloy wheels
and the surface of the wheel becomes matte and milky. These
agents therefore must not be used.
♦ To remove adhesive residue on light alloy wheels, use light
alloy cleansers or benzene-based cleanser. Do not exceed the
soaking time of the cleaning agent.
♦ After cleaning or removing adhesive residue on the tires, they
must be rinsed again with water.
Wheels, rotating:

17. Tire Requirement and Maintenance 73

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♦ Vehicles with front-wheel drive experience more tread wear

on the front wheels due to the increased stress on them.
♦ In order for all four wheels on the vehicle to have the same
service life, it is recommended to rotate the front and rear
wheels.
♦ Be sure not to mix up tires, which have the direction of rotation
marked on them.
♦ The longer the tire runs at one position, the more it wears at
certain points, therefore, it is recommended to rotate the
wheels at short intervals. Refer to Maintenance Intervals.
♦ Diagonal rotation is possible only with non-directional tires.
This wheel rotation is especially advantageous for heel-and-
toe wear. Heel-and-toe wear. Refer to
⇒ “20.2 Heel and Toe Wear”, page 81 .
♦ If heel-and-toe wear has already progressed very far and the
tread is more than 50% worn, only slight improvement can be
achieved and rotation is no longer recommended. The elas‐
ticity of the tread blocks declines and the heel-and-toe wear
does not progress.

17.20 Tires with Rim Protector

The tire industry produces tires with rim protector for light alloy
wheels (rim protector). The rim protector prevents damage to the
light alloy wheels caused by contact with curbs.
Using tires with rim protector on steel wheels with wheel covers
may lead to the loss of the wheel cover while driving. The cover
separates from its secure seating due to the flexing of the tire.

WARNING

When installing tires on steel rims, ensure only tires without rim
protector are mounted.
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permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
The illustration shows the non-permissible combination of steel
rim, wheel cover and tire with rim protector.
A - Rim protector
B - Rim flange of a steel rim
C - Wheel cover

WARNING

This combination must not be mounted!

74 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

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18 Tire Wear and Service Life

⇒ “18.1 General Information”, page 75
⇒ “18.2 High Speed Tires, Wear Characteristics”, page 75
⇒ “18.3 Tire, Uniformly Worn”, page 75
⇒ “18.4 Tire Wear, One Sided”, page 76
⇒ “18.5 Acceptable Tread Depth Variance”, page 76
⇒ “18.6 Wear on One Side, Faulty Adjustment”, page 76
⇒ “18.7 Tire Wear, Center”, page 77
⇒ “18.8 Diagonal Washouts”, page 77
⇒ “18.9 Wear Due to Faulty Adjustment”, page 78

18.1 General Information

Note

♦ Having the correct air pressure in the tires can also decrease
the amount of tire wear and increase the tire mileage.
♦ Always make sure that the tires are inflated to the correct air
pressure.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
Numerous permitted
demands unlessare madeby on
authorised AUDIaAG.
tire.
AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Depending on the use of the tire and the vehicle type, certain de‐
mands may be more heavily weighted while others are accord‐
ingly less significant.
One expects greater adhesion, even on wet or flooded surfaces
from H, V and Z tires for high-powered vehicles. Consequently,
the service life for tires of this type is not as high as for S or T tires,
for example.

18.2 High Speed Tires, Wear Characteristics

These tires are designed for the highest speeds. Good traction
on wet roads is emphasized when developing these tires. Tread
compounds do not have the abrasion resistance of tires for lower
speeds, such as T and H tires.
Therefore the service life expectancy of high-speed tires is sub‐
stantially lower under comparable operating conditions.

18.3 Tire, Uniformly Worn

The demands on the tires increase constantly.
The causes are the following factors:
♦ Higher vehicle weight
♦ High speeds
♦ Increased vehicle safety
A high load on tires naturally causes high wear.
The driving style has a profound influence on the tire wear. There‐
fore, for complaints about wear when the treads are uniformly
worn, the tires will not be replaced under warranty.
The actual service life of a tire can only be determined when the
tread depth is 2 mm, see diagram. Refer to ⇒ page 63 .

18. Tire Wear and Service Life 75

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18.4 Tire Wear, One Sided

In many causes, this is caused by driving style, but sometimes it
is also caused by incorrect axle adjustment.
One-sided wear, in conjunction with scrub marks on tread ribs and
finer grooves, always appears when tires roll at an extreme slip
angle and consequently scrub on the road surface.
Driving quickly around curves leads to increased wear, especially
on the outside edge.
A rounded tire shoulder in conjunction with especially high wear
on the outer tread bars indicates fast driving around curves. This
wear pattern is influenced by the driving style.
The suspension is adjusted to certain toe and camber values to
optimize handling. When tires roll under conditions other than
those specified, increased and one-sided wear must be expected.
Strong one-sided wear can be caused especially by incorrect toe
and camber values. This increases the danger of diagonal wear
spots.
Toe-out or negative toe-in:
The distance between the fronts of the tires -A- is greater than the
distance between the backs of the tires -B- (-C- = direction of
travel).
Toe-in or positive toe-in:

The distance between the fronts of the tires -A- is less than the
distance between the backs of the tires -B- (-C- = direction of
travel).
To avoid one-sided tire wear, ensure that the wheel alignment
remains within the tolerances specified by the vehicle manufac‐
turer. The most common deviation of wheel alignment is caused
by external influences, for example hard contact with the curb
when parking.
A measurement of the axle geometry can determine whether the
wheel alignment is within the specified tolerances or whether a
correction of the wheel alignment is necessary.

18.5 Acceptable Tread Depth Variance

Note
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permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
Observe the acceptable
with respect vehicle
to the correctness tread variance
of information in this
in this document. chapter.
Copyright by AUDI AG.

Refer to ⇒ “19 Acceptable Tread Depth Variance”, page 79 .

18.6 Wear on One Side, Faulty Adjustment

If the complaint is about one-sided tire wear, check the axle ge‐
ometry. Billing to warranty is only possible in cases of one-sided
tire wear that is caused by axle geometry errors that cannot be
traced back to external effects on the tires and rims. The axle

76 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

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alignment log should be included with the tire complaint registra‐

tion.
Due to tire skew, increased and one-sided wear. Frequently in
conjunction with raised running surface to the point of ridge for‐
mation on tread edges.

18.7 Tire Wear, Center

This wear pattern is found on drive wheels on high-powered ve‐
hicles that often drive long stretches at high speed.
At high speeds, the centrifugal force increases the tire diameter
at the center of the tread more than at the shoulders of the tire.
The drive forces from the center area of the tread are transferred
to the road surface. This is reflected in the wear pattern.
These effects can appear especially extreme on wide tires.
Reducing the tire pressure is not an effective remedy for this wear
pattern.

DANGER!

For safety reasons, tire pressure must never be lowered below

specified pressure under any circumstances.

A largely even wear pattern can be achieved if tires are changed

in a timely manner from the tractive to the non-tractive axle.
Typical wear pattern of tires on the tractive axle of high-powered
vehicles. The increased wear at the tread center is caused by
stresses related to the centrifugal force of the tire and the trans‐
mission of traction forces.

18.8 Diagonal Washouts

Diagonal wear spots run at an angle of approximately 45° with
respect to the plane of circumference. They usually occur once,
but may also occur several times along the tire circumference.
Wear spots appear almost exclusively on the non-tractive tires,
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
especially
permittedthe rear
unless left tire.
authorised There
by AUDI areAGvehicle
AG. AUDI modelsorwhere
does not guarantee accept anywear
liability
spots with
appear
respectrounded, which
to the correctness are notin a
of information thisproblem. The effect
document. Copyright by AUDIisAG.in‐
creased by high toe values. Toe values at the lower tolerance limit
of the specified value improve the wear pattern.

18. Tire Wear and Service Life 77

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The tire component integration is often found in the area with the
most pronounced diagonal wear spots.
Wheels with toe-in roll with a slip angle even when the vehicle is
traveling straight ahead. This leads to diagonal tension in the
contact zone between tires/road surface.
Driving with reduced tire pressure will improve the wear pattern.
To prevent such wear patterns, the toe values of both rear wheels
should be the same and the specified tire pressure should be
maintained.
If wear spots are detected, mount the wheels on the tractive axle
if the wear spots are still in the initial stage. Deeper wear spots
are irreparable.

18.9 Wear Due to Faulty Adjustment

When a customer complains of diagonal wear spots, the toe ad‐
justment must be checked. If it is OK, the cause for the diagonal
wear spots is most likely in the tires. Billing to warranty is possible
in this case.
The axle alignment log should be included with the tire complaint.
Tires with diagonal wear spots which developed due to faulty ad‐
justment of the axle geometry are excluded from the warranty.

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19 Acceptable Tread Depth Variance

⇒ “19.1 Model with Longitudinally Installed Engine”, page 79
⇒ “19.2 Models with Crossways Installed Engine”, page 80

19.1 Model with Longitudinally Installed En‐

gine
Tread variance for models with a longitudinally installed engine,
such as A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, Q5, Q7, ...
In this case, the variance between the front and rear axle may not
be more than 2 mm

Note

♦ For all four wheels use only tires of the same construction type,
size, and tread.
♦ Excepted are vehicles that were shipped by Audi AG with dif‐
ferent sized tires on the front and rear axle.
♦ Always use tires with the deepest tread depth on the front axle.
♦ Changing one individual tire is generally possible. Audi rec‐
ommends at the very least however that the tires are ex‐
changed on both sides of the axle.
♦ With sport differential on the rear axle, Audi recommends al‐
ways replacing the tires on both sides of the rear axle.

Note

The technical background of the limitations are thermal pressure

for the transmission oil due to a large difference in the rolling cir‐
cumference of the tires.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
Left tire on Right tire on Average
with respect to Variance
the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
the front axle the front axle
3.0 mm 3.0 mm 3.0 mm from
left and right
Left tire on Right tire on
the rear axle the rear axle
3.0 mm 7.0 mm (new 5.0 mm from 2.0 mm from front
tires) left and right to rear
Within the permis‐
sible tolerance

Left tire on Right tire on Average Variance

the front axle the front axle
2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm from
left and right
Left tire on Right tire on
the rear axle the rear axle
4.0 mm 4.0 mm 4.0 mm from 2.0 mm from front
left and right to rear
Within the permis‐
sible tolerance

19. Acceptable Tread Depth Variance 79

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19.2 Models with Crossways Installed Engine

Tread depth variance for models with laterally installed engine,
such as A3, TT, Q3, A1, ...
In this case, the variance between the front and rear axle may not
be more than three mm

Note

♦ For all four wheels use only tires of the same construction type,
size, and tread.
♦ Excepted are vehicles that were shipped by Audi AG with dif‐
ferent sized tires
Protected on theCopying
by copyright. frontforand rear
private axle. purposes, in part or in whole, is not
or commercial
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
♦ Always use
withtires
respectwith
to thethe deepest
correctness tread depth
of information on theCopyright
in this document. front axle.
by AUDI AG.

♦ Changing one individual tire is generally possible. Audi rec‐

ommends at the very least however that the tires are ex‐
changed on both sides of the axle.
♦ With sport differential on the rear axle, Audi recommends al‐
ways replacing the tires on both sides of the rear axle.

Note

The technical background of the limitations are thermal pressure

for the transmission oil due to a large difference in the rolling cir‐
cumference of the tires.

Left tire on Right tire on Average Variance

the front axle the front axle
2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm from
left and right
Left tire on Right tire on
the rear axle the rear axle
3.0 mm 7.0 mm (new 5.0 mm from 3.0 mm from front
tires) left and right to rear
Within the permis‐
sible tolerance

Left tire on Right tire on Average Variance

the front axle the front axle
2.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.0 mm from
left and right
Left tire on Right tire on
the rear axle the rear axle
5.0 mm 5.0 mm 5.0 mm from 3.0 mm from front
left and right to rear
Within the permis‐
sible tolerance

80 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

20 Tires, Rolling Noises

⇒ “20.1 Tires, Rolling Noises, General Information”, page 81
⇒ “20.2 Heel and Toe Wear”, page 81
⇒ “20.3 Wear Spots”, page 82

20.1 Tires, Rolling Noises, General Informa‐

tion
Rolling noise perceived by the human ear is caused by vibrations
transmitted from the noise source to the ear via the air.
Here we are interested in noises created by certain characteristics
of the tires as well as the effects of rolling (noise source).
The cause for the noise generation depends primarily on the
combination of road surface and tire.
The surface structure and material of the road surface also have
a strong influence on the rolling noise. For example, the noise
level on a wet road is substantially higher than on a dry road.
The design of the tread has a great influence on the noise gen‐
eration. Tires with cross grooves at an angle of 90° are louder
than tires with grooves running diagonally.
Small tread blocks are unstable. Due to strong deformation, the
air is excited by the rolling tires. Air vibrations occur, which will
generate noises.
Wider tires are louder. They require more tread grooves for water
displacement. Air is displaced by these tread grooves while roll‐
ing, which also cause air vibrations.
Other effects which also have an influence on noise generation:
♦ Tire vibration is the main cause of rolling noise. The noise is
generated by the excitation of the air column in the grooves.
♦ Air pumping is the compression and expansion of air as the
contact patch comes in contact with the road surface and the
tread blocks are deformed.

20.2 Heel and Toe Wear

Heel-and-toe wear is step-like wear of individual tread blocks (see
illustration), due to which an increased rolling noise can develop.
The heel-and-toe wear is caused by the uneven distortion of the
tread blocks in the contact patch. Heel-and-toe wear appears in
more extreme forms on non-tractive wheels than on tractive
wheels.
New tires have a stronger tendency to heel-and-toe wear, be‐
cause the high tread blocks have greater elasticity. As tread depth
decreases, the rigidity of the tread blocks increases and the ten‐
dency to heel-and-toe wear decreases.
How does the heel-and-toe wear look?
The tread blocks are higher in the front than back when viewed
in running direction, see illustration. Extreme heel-and-toe wear
may lead to customer complaints about noise.
Increased heel-and-toe wear occurs with:
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

20. Tires, Rolling Noises 81

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

♦ Toe values too great

♦ Incorrect air pressure
♦ Deep, open treads
♦ Tires which are not mounted on the tractive axle
♦ Extreme cornering
1 - Tread block, heavy wear at front of tread block
2 - Running direction
Non-directional tires:
When heel-and-toe wear occurs, the direction of travel of the tire
must be reversed. If increased heel-and-toe wear and rolling
noise develop, the tires should be rotated diagonally. This leads
to a reduction of heel-and-toe wear. On vehicles with front wheel
drive, this effect is increased by increased wear on front axle. The
rolling noise is somewhat louder immediately after rotating the
wheels, but the normal noise level will be reached after traveling
approximately 500 to 1,000 km (310 to 621 miles).
Directional tires:
In the event of increased heel-and-toe wear of the tires on the rear
axle - most common with front-wheel drive - rotate the wheels
from back to front. In the event of increased heel-and-toe wear on
the outer edges on one axle, reverse both tires on their rims. Then
the left wheel must be mounted on the right side and the right
wheel on the left side.
Heel-and-toe wear is a normal wear pattern and on non-direc‐
tional tires, it is reduced by diagonal tire rotation after approxi‐
mately 500 to 1,000 km (310 to 621 miles).
The previous repair attempt should be briefly described on the
complaint report.
Modern tires are designed for maximum driver safety even in wet
conditions. Heel-and-toe wear is promoted by the open tread
configuration in the tire flanks and the soft tread compound that
is necessary to ensure this safety.
Heel-and-toe wear is not a fault in the warranty sense but rather
is a completely normal wear pattern.

20.3 Wear Spots

Wear spots are caused by a hard stop with locked wheels where‐
by the rubber compound is abraded from the contact patch.
When the tires slide across the road surface, frictional heat is
generated which reduces the abrasion resistance on the tread
compound.
Even the most abrasion-resistant tread compound cannot prevent
wear spots which can occur during extreme braking.
Even ABS cannot completely prevent brief locking
Protected and the
by copyright. re‐ for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
Copying
sulting slightly flat spots. permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
The degree of abrasion is primarily dependent on the vehicle
speed, road surface and tire load. For clarification see the follow‐
ing examples.
If a vehicle with locked front wheels is decelerated until it comes
to a stop, the abrasion of rubber on the post card sized contact
patch is approximately:
♦ From 57 km/h (35 mph) = 23.8 m (78 ft) braking distance, up
to 2.0 mm

82 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

♦ From 75 km/h (47 mph) = 41.8 m (137 ft) braking distance, up

to 3.3 mm
♦ From 92 km/h (57 mph) = 71.6 m (235 ft) braking distance, up
to 4.8 mm
Wear spots in tread.
Tires with this type of damage cannot be used and must be re‐
placed.
Warranty is not possible for tire damage due to braking wear spots
or other driving errors (SA 13 - Untrue/imbalance; SA 20 - Driving
noise).

20. Tires, Rolling Noises 83

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

21 Wheels and Tires, Vibration

⇒ “21.1 Vibration Causes”, page 84
⇒ “21.2 Flat Spots in Tires From Standing”, page 84

21.1 Vibration Causes

There are many causes for vibration. Vibration can also be
caused by tire wear, among other things.
Tire wear caused by driving does not always develop evenly over
the entire tread. Due to this, a slight imbalance develops which
disturbs the smoothness of the formerly accurately balanced
wheel.
This slight imbalance cannot
Protected yet be Copying
by copyright. felt in for
the steering
private wheel,
or commercial but in part or in whole, is not
purposes,
it is present. It increases the
permitted tireauthorised
unless wear and consequently
by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does reduces
not guarantee or accept any liability
the service life of the tire.
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Recommendation:
To ensure optimal safety, smoothness and even wear over the
entire life of the tire, we recommend balancing the wheels/tires at
least twice within the tire service life.
Flat spots in the tires can also cause vibration. Refer to
⇒ “21.2 Flat Spots in Tires From Standing”, page 84 .

21.2 Flat Spots in Tires From Standing

Flat spots in tires from standing can also cause vibration.
What is a flat spot from standing?
Terms like flat portion and flattening are also used as a term for
flat spots from standing.
It is important to recognize a flat spot in the tread from standing
as such!

Note

It is not possible to balance a flat spot.

Flat spots can occur again caused by many different reasons. Flat
spots from standing can be corrected without complicated special
tools. Providing that the flat spot was not caused by wheel lock
during hard braking. Refer to ⇒ “20.3 Wear Spots”, page 82 .

Note

Wear spots due to wheel lock are irreparable! Tires with such
damage must be replaced.

Causes of flat spots from standing:

♦ The vehicle has been standing for a long time in one place
without being moved.
♦ Tire pressure is too low.
♦ The vehicle was placed in a paint system drying cabinet after
painting.
♦ The vehicle was parked with warm tires in a cold garage or
similar for a long time. In this case, a flat spot can develop
overnight.

84 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Flat spots, correcting:

♦ Flat spots cannot be removed from tires with workshop equip‐
ment.
♦ Flat spots cannot be balanced out.
♦ Check and correct the tire pressure as necessary.
♦ Such flat spots can be "driven out" only by driving the car until
the tires are warm.
♦ We recommend driving the tires warm and not in cold or winter
weather.

DANGER!

Do not endanger yourself or other persons during this road test.

Observe valid traffic laws and speed limits during the road test!

21. Wheels and Tires, Vibration 85

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

22 Balancing
⇒ “22.1 General Information”, page 86
⇒ “22.2 Road Test, Performing Before Balancing”, page 86
⇒ “22.3 Stationary Balancing Machine”, page 87
⇒ “22.4 Wheels with a Sensitive Surface, Glued-On Wheel Trim”,
page 88
⇒ “22.5 Wheel/Tire Balancing Procedure”, page 89
⇒ “22.6 Finish Balancer”, page 91
⇒ “22.7 Hunter RFT33VAG Road Force Touch™ Wheel Balancer
VAS6230B4 ”, page 93
⇒ “22.8 Tire and Wheel Radial and Lateral Run-Out”, page 93
⇒ “22.9 Radial and Lateral Run-out on Wheels/Tires, Checking
with Tire Dial Gauge VAG1435 ”, page 93
⇒ “22.10 Wheels and Tires, Radial and Lateral Run Out, Checking
with Wheel Centering System Adapter VAS5271 ”, page 94
⇒ “22.11 Rim Radial and Lateral Run-Out, Checking”,
page 95
⇒ “22.12 Matching”, page 96

22.1 General Information

Before beginning balancing, the following requirements must be
fulfilled.
• Tire inflation pressure must be OK.
• The tire tread must not be worn down on one side and should
be at least 4 mm deep.
• The tire must not have any flat spots.
It is not possible to balance a flat spot.
• The tires must not have any damage such as cuts, holes, for‐
eign debris, etc.
• The suspension, steering, tie rods and damper must be in
proper working order. Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not

• A road test has been performed.

permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

22.2 Road Test, Performing Before Balanc‐

ing
If a vehicle comes to the workshop with the complaint vibration,
a road test must be performed before balancing the wheels.
♦ That way, information about the type of vibration can be ob‐
tained.
♦ Observe at which speed range the disturbance takes place.
– Raise the vehicle on the platform immediately after the road
test.
– Mark the installation position on the tire.
– Remove wheels from vehicle.

86 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Caution

If brake pads are ceramics, wheel must not fall on brake disc,
otherwise it will be irreparably damaged. To remove/install
wheel, install long assembly pin instead of wheel bolts in top
position (12:00 position) and short assembly pin in wheel bolt
mounts for support. In this way, the wheel can glide on the
assembly aids when removing/installing.

– Balance the wheels.

22.3 Stationary Balancing Machine

Special tools and workshop equipment required
♦ Wheel Centering System Adapter - VAS5271-
♦ Wheel Balancer Clamping Adapter - 5 Lug - VAS6243-

Note

Please keep in mind that cleanliness is the most important when

balancing as well, just as for any other repairs you perform. Only
then can a proper result be obtained!

Caution
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
The balance weights must be glued on so that rub against the
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
brake caliper or the suspension.

– Tension wheel on balancing machine.

Note

Wheels with a sensitive surface, glued-on wheel trim. Refer to

⇒ “22.4 Wheels with a Sensitive Surface, Glued-On Wheel Trim”,
page 88 .

22. Balancing 87
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

Dirt and rust in the area of the contact surfaces and centering of
the wheel distort the result.
– Clean contact surfaces, centering seat and wheel disc before
tensioning wheel on balancing machine!
– Tension wheel with tire on balancing machine.

Caution

The balance weights must be glued on so that rub against the

brake caliper or the suspension.

Note

♦ To mount wheel on wheel balancer use, for example, the

Wheel Centering System Adapter - VAS5271- .
♦ This way a 100% centering of the wheel and gentle mounting
is possible!
♦ It is not possible to center it 100% on balancing machine with
conical pensioners.
♦ With a deviation of 0.1 mm outside the center, there is an im‐
balance of 10 grams on the wheel/tire.

Note

♦ Use Wheel Balancer Clamping Adapter - 5 Lug - VAS6243- to

gently mount a wheel on the wheel balancer.
♦ This way improved balance results are attained and the sur‐
face of the rim is protected, for example, on chrome wheel
rims.

22.4 Wheels with a Sensitive Surface, Glued-

On Wheel Trim
Special tools and workshop equipment required
♦ Tension Plate - VAS6652-
♦ Pressure Bolt - VAS6652/1-

88 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

Use only the Tension Plate - VAS6652- and the Pressure Bolt -
VAS6652/1- .

22.5 Wheel/Tire Balancing Procedure

Note

Wheels with a sensitive surface, glued-on wheel trim. Refer to

⇒ “22.4 Wheels with a Sensitive Surface, Glued-On Wheel Trim”,
page 88 .

Caution
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not

The balance weights must be glued on so that rub against the

permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
brake caliper or the suspension.

22. Balancing 89
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– Let the wheel and tire rotate on the wheel balancer.

– Check the run of the characteristic lines on the sidewall of the
tire in the area of the rim flange.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
– Check the tire wear pattern while
permitted unlessthe wheel
authorised andAG.
by AUDI tireAUDI
areAGrotat‐
does not guarantee or accept any liability

ing. with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Note

In the event of one-sided wear, flat spots from braking or severe

wear spots, smooth running cannot be achieved by balancing. In
this case, the tire must be replaced.

– Check the run-out of the wheel and tire. If the wheel with tire
runs untrue although there are no flat spots, a radial or lateral
run-out may be the cause.
– Check wheel with tire for radial and lateral run-out, radial run-
out (RR) and lateral runout (LR)!
– If the radial and lateral run-out are within the specified toler‐
ance, balance the wheel and tire.

Note

♦ Do not use more than 60 grams of weight per wheel.

♦ If more weight is necessary, a smoother running can achieved
by matched mounting of the tire. Tires, matching. Refer to
⇒ “22.12 Matching”, page 96 .
♦ The display in the balancing machine should show 0 grams.

– Bolt the wheel to the vehicle.

Caution

– First tighten the bottom wheel bolt by hand to approximately

30 Nm.
– Now tighten the remaining wheel bolts diagonally also to about
30 Nm. This process centers the wheel on the wheel hub.
– Put the vehicle on its wheels.

90 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Now use a torque wrench to tighten the wheel bolts diagonally

to the specified tightening specification.
Refer to ⇒ “3 Wheel Bolt Tightening Specifications”, page 5 .
– Carry out a road test.

Note

♦ If a vibration is still detected during the road test, the cause

may be due to tolerance in the wheel centering.
♦ The component tolerances of wheels and wheel hubs can be
additive in unfavorable cases. Vibration can result from this.
This can be eliminated using a finish balancer.

22.6 Finish Balancer

Caution

For the balancing, the wheels of the tractive axle are set upon
the turntable sensors, for example, front wheels for Front
Wheel Drive (FWD) and all 4 wheels for All Wheel Drive (AWD).

Note

Working with a finish balancer requires instruction from the man‐

ufacturer of the balancer.

If it is determined when balancing on the vehicle the remaining

imbalance is more than 20 grams, the wheel should be rotated on
the wheel hub.

22. Balancing 91
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– Mark the point at which the imbalance is indicated.

Caution

The balance weights must be glued on so that rub against the

brake caliper or the suspension.

– Afterwards, unbolt the wheel and rotate its position on the

wheel hub so that the marking points downward.

Note

Important! The wheel hub must not turn during this procedure.

– First, tighten the lowest wheel bolt by hand to approximately

30 Nm.
– Now tighten the remaining wheel bolts diagonally also to about
30 Nm. This process centers the wheel properly on the wheel
hub.
– - Check again whether the imbalance is less than 20 grams
using the finish balancer. Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Note

The imbalance should not be smaller than 20 grams under any

circumstances before changing balance weight.

– Remove the wheel bolts again if necessary.

– Rotate the wheel relative to the wheel hub once more by one
or two wheel bolt holes.
– Tighten the wheels using the method described above.

Note

The imbalance should only be reduced by changing balance

weight if the imbalance is less than 20 grams.

– Balance the wheels until the imbalance is below 5 grams.

– Tighten the wheel bolts to the specified tightening specification
if you have not already done so.
– Always tighten the wheel bolts to the specified tightening spec‐
ification using a torque wrench.

92 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

22.7 Hunter RFT33VAG Road Force

Touch™ Wheel Balancer - VAS6230B4-
Wheels with a sensitive surface, glued-on wheel trim. Refer to
⇒ “22.4 Wheels with a Sensitive Surface, Glued-On Wheel Trim”,
page 88 .
Expanded functions can be performed using Hunter RFT33VAG
Road Force Touch™ Wheel Balancer - VAS6230B4- in addition
to the previously known balancers.
A special characteristic of this system is testing the radial force of
wheel/tire during rolling. Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
For this purpose, a roller presseswith
a force
respect of approximately
to the 635 kg
correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
(1400 lb) against the wheel. This simulates the tire contact force
against the street surface while driving.
Tire contact forces fluctuate due to radial- and lateral run-out and
differing rigidity in the tires.
The Hunter RFT33VAG Road Force Touch™ Wheel Balancer -
VAS6230B4- detects and stores the position of the maximum
measured radial force in the tires. After that, the position of small‐
est dimension between rim flange and disc wheel center is meas‐
ured.

22.8 Tire and Wheel Radial and Lateral Run-

Out
Radial and lateral run-out occur when the wheel and tire are not
running precisely true.
For technical reasons, 100% true running is not possible.
Therefore the manufacturers of these components allow a pre‐
cisely specified tolerance.
Mounting the tire in a unfavorable position on the wheel can be
the cause for exceeding the maximum allowed tolerance for
wheel with tire.
The table shows the maximum permissible tolerance values for
the wheel with mounted tire.
Tolerances for radial and lateral run-out of disc wheel with tire.
Wheel with tire Radial Run-Out Lateral Run-Out
All 0.8 mm 0.9 mm

22.9 Radial and Lateral Run-out on Wheels/

Tires, Checking with Tire Dial Gauge -
VAG1435-
Checking lateral run-out:
– Preload tire dial gauge approximately 2 mm.
– Position dial gauge on tire side wall as shown in illustration.
– Slowly rotate the wheel.

22. Balancing 93
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Note the smallest and the largest dial readings.

Note

If the difference is greater than 1.3 mm, the lateral run-out is too
great.

In this case, lateral run-out can be reduced by matched mounting

of the tire. Refer to ⇒ “22.12 Matching”, page 96 .
Peak values on the tire dial gauge due to small irregularities in
the rubber may be disregarded.
Checking Radial Run-Out:
– Preload tire dial gauge approximately 2 mm.
– Position dial gauge on tire running surface as shown in illus‐
tration.
– Slowly rotate the wheel.

– Note the smallest and the largest dial readings.

Note

If the difference is greater than 1 mm, the radial run-out is too

great.

In this case, radial run-out can be reduced by matched mounting

of the tire. Refer to ⇒ “22.12 Matching”, page 96 .

22.10 Wheels and Tires, Radial and Lateral

Run Out, Checking with Wheel Center‐
ing System Adapter - VAS5271-
Checking Lateral Run-Out:
– Mount the wheel on the wheel balancer.

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratchpermitted

off theunless
glued- on wheel
by AUDItrim on AG
these
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
authorised AG. AUDI does not guarantee or accept any liability
rims. with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.

♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– Use the Wheel Centering System Adapter - VAS5271- .

– Preload tire dial gauge approximately 2 mm.
– Position dial gauge on tire side wall as shown in illustration.
– Slowly rotate the wheel.

94 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Note the smallest and the largest dial readings.

Note

If the difference is greater than 1.3 mm, the lateral run-out is too
great.

In this case, lateral run-out can be reduced by matched mounting

of the tire. Refer to ⇒ “22.12 Matching”, page 96 .
Peak values on the tire dial gauge due to small irregularities in
the rubber may be disregarded.
Checking Radial Run-Out
– Preload tire dial gauge approximately 2 mm.
– Position dial gauge on tire running surface as shown in illus‐
tration.
– Slowly rotate the wheel.

– Note the smallest and the largest dial readings.

Note

If the difference is greater than 1 mm, the radial run-out is too

great.

In this case, radial run-out can be reduced by matched mounting

of the tire.

Note

If the measured value exceeds the specified value, no acceptable

smooth running can be attained.

22.11 Rim Radial and Lateral Run-Out,

Checking
– Mount the rim on the wheel balancer.

Note

♦ Be careful not tobyscratch

Protected off theforglued-
copyright. Copying private oron wheelpurposes,
commercial trim onin part
theseor in whole, is not
rims. permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– Use the Wheel Centering System Adapter - VAS5271- .

– Preload tire dial gauge approximately 2 mm.
– Turn the rim slowly.

22. Balancing 95
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– Note the smallest and the largest dial readings.

S - Lateral Run-Out
H - Radial Run-Out
– Compare determined value with specifications in the table.

Note

Peak values on the tire dial gauge due to small irregularities may
be disregarded.

Specifications for radial and lateral run-out on wheel

Wheel Radial Run-Out Lateral Run-Out
Steel wheel 0.5 mm 0.5 mm
Aluminum wheel 0.3 mm 0.3 mm

Note

If the measured value exceeds the specified value, no acceptable

smooth running can be attained.

22.12 Matching
If radial or lateral run-out from wheel or tire meet each other, the
untrue running of the wheel and tire is increased.
100% true running is not possible for technical reasons, , radial
and lateral run-out on wheel/tire.
Under unfavorable circumstances, the lateral or radial run-out of
the combined wheel and tire can exceed the permitted tolerance.
The individual values of the disc wheel and tire may nevertheless
be below the specified value.
Targeted rotating of the tire relative to the wheel can partially bal‐
ance out the radial and lateral run-out.
Tire specialists call this procedure match-mounting, whereby the
true running of the wheel and tire can be optimized.
Drive the tires until they are warm before matching them to the
tires already on the vehicle. This eliminates flat spots from stand‐
ing which may exist.
Matching procedure:

96 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

♦ Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these

rims.
♦ The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
♦ The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
♦ The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

– Let the air out of the tire.

– Press the tire beads off the rim flanges.
– Coat the tire beads all around with tire mounting paste.
– Rotate the tire 180° relative to the disc wheel.
– Inflate the tire to approximately 4 bar (58 psi).
– Tension wheel with tire on balancing machine.
– Check the run-out or the radial and lateral run-out, as neces‐
sary.

Note

♦ If the radial and lateral run-out value is not exceeded, the

wheel can be balanced to 0 grams. Specifications. Refer to
⇒ page 96 .
♦ If the radial and lateral run-out lies outside the specified val‐
ues, the tire must be turned again.

– Let the air out of the tire and press the tire beads off the rim
flanges.
– Rotate the tire 90° (one quarter turn) relative to the disc wheel.
– Inflate the tire to 4 bar (58 psi) and check for true running.

Note

♦ If the radial and lateral

Protected run-out
by copyright. value
Copying is notor exceeded,
for private the in part or in whole, is not
commercial purposes,
wheel can bepermitted
balanced to 0 grams.
unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

♦ If the radial and lateral run-out is still outside the specified val‐
ues, the wheel must be turned again.

– Press the tire beads off the rim flanges.

– Rotate the tire 180° (one half turn) relative to the disc wheel.
If the values for radial or lateral run-out are still outside the speci‐
fied values, check the wheel for radial and lateral run-out.
If the measured values for radial and lateral run-out of the wheel
disc are within the specified values, then the tire has excessive
radial or lateral run-out. In this case, the tire must be replaced.

22. Balancing 97
Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

23 Vehicle Pulls to One Side

⇒ “23.1 General Information”, page 98
⇒ “23.2 Corrective Action when Vehicle Pulls to One Side”, page
99
⇒ “23.3 Targeted Rotating of Wheels for Non-Directional Tires”,
page 100
⇒ “23.4 Wheels, Targeted Rotating for Directional Tires”,
page 101

23.1 General Information

Perform a road test to determine if a vehicle pulls to one side and
if so, when and to which side. If the vehicle pulls to one side, see
procedure
⇒ “23.2 Corrective Action when Vehicle Pulls to One Side”, page
99 .
If the vehicle alignment is measured, submit the measurement
printout and the complaint report with the tire.
Manufacturer's tolerances can lead to taper in the tire construc‐
tion. This results in a side force when the tire rolls, which acts
directly on the suspension and can therefore lead to vehicle self-
steering behavior. Targeted rotation of the wheels can balance
out this self-steering behavior.
Taper
Taper is caused by slightly offsetting the tread and/or theAGbelt doesby
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI not guarantee or accept any liability
a few tenths of a millimeterwith
from theto the
respect geometric center
correctness of of inthe
information thistire.
document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Taper cannot be recognized visually nor can it be measured with
workshop equipment.
1-
Bead
2 - Shoulder
3 - Tread
4 - Steel belt
A - Geometric center of tire
B - Actual position of belt. It can be offset to inside or outside.

98 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Shown out of proportion to provide a better illustration.

1 - Belt/tread offset
The offset produces differences in rigidity of the inner and outer
shoulders of the tire, which lead to differing forces on the contact
patch. Due to this, the belt and tread will not be pressed against
the road surface with the same force (F1, F2). A taper forms. The
resulting force (force of taper Fk) can become so large depending
on speed, that the vehicle pulls to one side.
If the force (Fk) on one wheel of the axle is, for example, 50 New‐
ton and on the other wheel also 50 Newton, and both forces are
exerted in the same direction, the forces are additive. Reversing
a tire on the rim can compensate for the pulling because the
forces then act against each other.
Because the direction in which the force of taper is exerted is not
visible
Protectedat
by the tire,Copying
copyright. only road tests
for private and targeted
or commercial rotation
purposes, in of wheels
part or in whole, is not
and tiresunless
permitted canauthorised
establish which
by AUDI tiresAGcause
AG. AUDI does notthe pulling.
guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
The tire consists of numerous components and materials which
are vulcanized to a single part at the end of a complicated man‐
ufacturing procedure. This leads to differing construction toleran‐
ces which can make themselves noticeable through more or less
strong lateral forces (lateral forces of taper). These forces can
also develop in new tires.
One-sided pulling on front axle:
Pulling to one side can be caused by the suspension. However,
experience shows that in 90% of all complaints, the tires cause
pulling to one side.
One-sided pulling during normal driving behavior:
On a straight, level road surface, the vehicle wants to pull to one
side at a constant speed or with moderate acceleration. A force
can be felt at the steering wheel.
One-sided pulling during strong accelerating:
Pulling to one side during fast acceleration is, in part, due to the
design of vehicles with front wheel drive. Various frictional con‐
ditions of left and right wheels, for example, possible irregularities
in the road surface (pot holes) and consequently varying adhesion
to ground have a substantial influence on the handling charac‐
teristics. This does not constitute a complaint in the sense of
warranty coverage.

23.2 Corrective Action when Vehicle Pulls to

One Side
Test conditions before and during the road test:
– Check all suspension components on front and rear axle for
damage.
– Check tire pressure and correct if necessary.
– Check the tires for external damage. Holes, cuts, bulges in the
side wall, flat spots from braking and/or damage to the tread.
– Ask the customer if a tire had been damaged by a nail or sim‐
ilar object and perhaps repaired by a tire dealer. You may have
to replace such tires.
– Check tires for even wear and tread depth.
– Are all tires of the same type, manufacture and tread pattern?
– If the tires are non-directional, ensure that all DOT classifica‐
tions on the tire face outwards. It may be that the vehicle's

23. Vehicle Pulls to One Side 99

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

wheels and tires were already changed around at an earlier

date.
– Are the tire brands factory-approved as initial equipment?
– For the road test, use a level, straight driving surface that does
not slope off to one side and does not have ruts.
– Perform the road test with the customer under the conditions
specified above. The customer should demonstrate the prob‐
lem.

Note

There should not be any side wind when road test takes place.

If the complaint is justified, it is recommend to rotate the wheels

and tires as described on the following pages.
Before beginning, observe the following notes, otherwise all effort
will be for nothing!
♦ Identify tires and wheels before the first rotation.
♦ After rotating wheels or reversing the tire on its rim, observe
very carefully how the vehicle behaves during the road test.
Note what was replaced and how.
♦ The intensity or any possible change to the one-sided pulling
should be assessed.
♦ To do this, it is absolutely essential that the road tests are al‐
ways performed by the same person on the same road. It is
best to drive the test course in both directions.
♦ Replacing a tire with a new one does not ensure that the pulling
to one side is corrected. Refer to ⇒ page 98 “taper”. Therefore,
it is recommended to perform a targeted exchange of the
wheels as described below.
♦ If there are large differences in the tread depth of the tires on
the front and rear axles, the tires with the deeper tread should
always be mounted on the front axle.

23.3 Targeted Rotating of Wheels for Non-Directional Tires

I
Perform a road test to determine if a vehicle pulls to one side and if so, when and to which side
I
If the vehicle pulls to one side,Protected
swap by the front Copying
copyright. wheels. for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
I permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Road Test, Performing
Vehicle travels straight - END
Vehicle now pulls to opposite side Vehicle still pulls to the same side
I I
Reverse one tire on its rim on the front axle (reverse Rotate wheels from front to back
the direction of travel)
I I
Road Test, Performing Road Test, Performing
Vehicle travels straight - END Vehicle travels straight - END
Vehicle does not travel straight Vehicle does not travel straight
I I
Swap front wheels and swap back wheels Vehicle now pulls to oppo‐ No change
site side

100 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

I I I
Road Test, Performing Reverse one tire on its rim Check axle adjustment on
Vehicle travels straight - END on the front axle (reverse front and rear axle, adjust
the direction of travel) if necessary. If adjustment
Vehicle does not travel straight is OK, contact product
I support.
Swap the front wheels I
I I
Road Test, Performing Road Test, Performing
Vehicle travels straight - Vehicle does not travel Vehicle travels straight
END straight END
I Vehicle does not travel
straight
Install
Protected by copyright. Copying newortires
for private on front
commercial purposes, Install new
in part or in tires
whole, is not on front
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. axleAUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any axle
liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
I I
Road Test, Performing Road Test, Performing
Vehicle travels straight - END Vehicle travels straight -
END
I I
Vehicle does not travel straight, inform Audi Product Support

23.4 Wheels, Targeted Rotating for Direc‐

tional Tires
Be careful not to scratch off the glued- on wheel trim on these
rims.
The surface of the wheel trim is very sensitive.
The rim will have be replaced if the wheel trim is damaged.
The wheel trim cannot be replaced.

I
Perform a road test to determine if a vehicle pulls to one side and if so, when and to which side
I
Rotate wheels with tires from front to back.
I

23. Vehicle Pulls to One Side 101

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Road Test, Performing

Vehicle travels straight - END
I
First, replace one tire on the front axle
I
Road Test, Performing
Vehicle travels straight - END
Vehicle does not travel straight
I
Replace second
Protected tire on
by copyright. the front
Copying axle
for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to Ithe correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Road Test, Performing

Vehicle travels straight - END
Vehicle does not travel straight
I
Measure vehicle at front and back
I
Road Test, Performing
Vehicle travels straight - END
Vehicle does not travel straight, inform Product Support

102 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

24 Tire Damage
⇒ “24.1 General Information”, page 103
⇒ “24.2 Tires, Examining”, page 103
⇒ “24.3 Radial Tires, Construction”, page 104
⇒ “24.4 Disintegrated Tread”, page 105
⇒ “24.5 Cracking”, page 105
⇒ “24.6 Impact Damage”, page 106
⇒ “24.7 Cuts”, page 107
⇒ “24.8 Damage from Foreign Debris”, page 107
⇒ “24.9 Tires, Air Loss”, page 107
⇒ “24.10 Mounting Damage”, page 108
⇒ “24.11 Bead Damage Caused by Tire Changers”, page 108
⇒ “24.12 Tire Pressure”, page 109
⇒ “24.13 Tires, Damage from Low Tire Pressure”, page 109
⇒ “24.14 Slow Loss of Air Pressure”, page 110
⇒ “24.15 Tire Temperature, Rising When Tires Pressure Is Too
Low”, page 110
⇒ “24.16 Cracked Tires”, page 110

24.1 General Information

Note
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
Because tire damage can haveunless
permitted serious consequences,
authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG thedoestech‐
not guarantee or accept any liability
nician and the driver should regularly check the tires, as it is the
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

best form of early problem recognition.

Pre-damaged tires cannot withstand driving situations like high

vehicle speed, long driving distance, sporty driving style and sim‐
ilar situations.
Damage can occur from various causes:
♦ Driving with low tire pressure
♦ Mistakes during tire mounting
♦ Damage during run-in
♦ Aging
♦ Incorrect storage

Caution

As soon as a safety risk cannot be ruled out, the tire must be

replaced.

24.2 Tires, Examining

Pay special attention to the following criteria when examining the
tire:

24. Tire Damage 103

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

♦ Surface erosion or marbling on the inner side (pressure was

too low or insufficient for the load).
♦ Detached rubber or loose cords.

♦ Exposed or deformed bead bundle.

♦ Damage to tire bead with visible cords.

24.3 Radial Tires, Construction

The illustration shows a cross section of a radial tire.

104 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

1 - Tread Block
2 - Tread Groove
3 - Tread
4 - Nylon Ply
5 - Radial Tires, Mostly Consist
of Steel
6 - Bead Bundle
– Consists of steel wires
vulcanized into rubber
make sure that secure
seating of the tire on the
rim
7 - Bead Filler
8 - Wheel Flange Protection
– Protects the rim and tire
from abrasion due to, for
example, contact with
the curb. Wheels with
rim protection are iden‐
tified with the abbrevia‐
tion MFS

The nylon ply -4-, belt layers -5-, bead bundle -6- and bead filler
-7- form the shell. The shell is the load-bearing structure of the
tire.

24.4 Disintegrated Tread

24.5 Cracking
Cracking is the term for shallow cracks in the sidewall of the tire.
They run starting from the bulge in the direction of the tire shoul‐
der.

24. Tire Damage 105

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

The cause is the increase in material at the joints of the tire com‐
ponents.
Cracking has no effect on:
♦ Safety
♦ Service life
♦ Driving behavior or other tire characteristics
Cracks can be of varying visibility. Removing the tire from the rim
or an examination is not necessary.
How did the cracks form?
Modern steel belted tires are constructed with single-ply sidewalls
to save weight.
The sidewall components consist of long strips before they are
joined together to form a tire. They must overlap at the joints.
Small irregularities/ripples form in the area of the overlapping
components. The overlaps are easier to see from the outside due
to the single-ply construction.

24.6 Impact Damage

A swelling in the flank of the tire indicates that the substructure of
the shell has been damaged.
Typical causes for such damage include, for example, driving
over curbs at a sharp angle.
Pinching the shell of a tire this way can damage the shell.
The substructure of the tire is stretched so far that individual fibers
in the shell may break.
The extent of the damage depends on the speed of impact, the
angle of impact, the air pressure, the axle load and the type of
obstacle.
Evidence of pinching in the tire side wall.

Note

♦ Driving over curbs must be avoided!

♦ When it cannot be avoided, curbs should be driven over very
slowly at the bluntest possible angle.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Interior view of a tire with a punctured shell.

Due to a severe impact, the shell was pinched on the rim flange
and is ruptured in the contact patch.

106 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Double rupture caused by pinching when driving over a curb. Of‐

ten not detectable from outside.

24.7 Cuts
Cuts caused by a sharp-edged obstacle.

24.8 Damage from Foreign Debris

Driving over hard, pointed objects like nails, screws and the like
can pierce the tire.
This always leads to tire damage.
Frequently, the foreign object is so securely embedded in the tire
that it will not free itself even at higher speeds. Due to this, it can
act as a plug and seal the tire relatively well. The result is gradual
loss of pressure which the driver does not notice immediately but
which can lead to sudden and complete tire failure.

24.9 Tires, Air Loss

If the customer complains of loss of air from a tire, the tire must
absolutely be checked for embedded foreign debris.

Note

No repair should be attempted on steel belted tires of which the

structure has been punctured by a foreign body.

Corrosion can develop on the steel wires. This will always lead to
the separation of the rubber from the steel belt.
Generally, it cannot be determined when the foreign debris was
embedded. Therefore, the tire structure may already have been
damaged due to driving with insufficient tire pressure.
Damaged belt wires will lead to separation of the rubber from the
steel belt sooner or later. As a result, the tire can fail completely
after a certain running time, long after the tire damage has oc‐
curred.

24. Tire Damage 107

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Tire damage caused by foreign debris is not covered by warranty.

24.10 Mounting Damage

Bundle broken during tire inflation.
Modern radial car tires are mounted only on safety rims. These
have a hump -1- running along the shoulders.
1 - Hump (H2)
2 - Inner bead seat
3 - Rim
4 - Wheel disc
5 - Outer bead seat
The hump prevents the tire from being pressed out of the bead
seat during travel with insufficient tire pressure.
When the tire is inflated, the tire bead may not slip completely
over the outer rim hump.
In this case, there is the danger that the bead bundle will be over‐
stretched if the tire pressure is too high and the steel wires rupture
partially or completely. Torn bundles are often not detectable from
outside.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
DANGER!permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

♦ Tires with damaged bead bundles are not seated safely

and securely on the rim. Such tires are a safety risk!
♦ In addition, there is the danger that a partially broken bun‐
dle tears during continued operation and the tire suddenly
tears open. If the bead bundle breaks during inflation, the
shell will also be destroyed.

24.11 Bead Damage Caused by Tire Chang‐

ers
The following mistakes when fitting tires can lead to severe tire
damage.
♦ When rolling in the upper bead on the tire changer, the op‐
posing tire bead does not lie completely in its bed.
♦ The mounting head was adjusted incorrectly.
♦ The edge of the fitting roller rolls onto the bead.
♦ The guide rollers are worn or have sharp edges.
Frequently, mounting and run out marks from the guide rollers are
identified in the damaged area.

108 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Note

Both tire beads as well as the bead seats must always be coated
with fitting paste.

If mounting damage is undetected, there is the danger that the

tire will fail later when driving.
THEREFORE!
• Never fit a tire without fitting paste. Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
• Do not inflate the bead seating pressure abovewith
3 respect
bar (43.5
to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
psi).
• Do not inflate the tire filling pressure above 4 bar (58 psi).
• After the tire has been fitted, reduce the air pressure to the
specified value.

24.12 Tire Pressure

Air pressure must be checked regularly. It is recommended to
check the tire pressure every 14 days. The correct tire pressure
is especially important during long trips or if a load must be car‐
ried. A sporty driving style also requires correct or even slightly
increased air pressure.

24.13 Tires, Damage from Low Tire Pressure

The most common causes of failure are small external damage,
a defective valve or a leaky rim due to corrosion or damage.
Strong heating due to driving with substantially low pressure leads
to overheating and subsequent separation of shell from rubber.
The tire shown here was sporadically driven with tire pressure
insufficient for the load. Typical indications for this are the cir‐
cumferential abrasions in the area of the bead caused by the rim
flange and the discoloration. Small, furrowed folds are visible
along the inner sidewall.
When the tire rolls, strong shear forces develop between the steel
belt layers, especially at the ends of the belts.

24. Tire Damage 109

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Wide furrows along the circumference in the area of the bead in‐
dicate that the tire was driven with insufficient air pressure.
Driving a vehicle with insufficient tire pressure or ignoring or not
recognizing tire damage can have serious consequences.
The tire can no longer withstand the forces developing during
travel.
The function of the tire is limited by the defects mentioned above.
The rubber compounds separate from one another, resulting in
partial separation of tire components up to complete destruction.
Such damage usually develops over a longer period of time. If an
already damaged tire is exposed to high stress, the centrifugal
force at higher speeds can tear components off the
Protected tire. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
by copyright.
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
24.14 Slow Loss of Air Pressure
The slow loss of tire pressure is an especially tricky process be‐
cause even experienced drivers often do not notice it.
The insufficient air pressure and the related increase in force re‐
quired to flex the tire (inner friction) cause the tire material to heat
up so much that the various components and rubber compounds
can separate.
The final stage is usually the complete destruction of the tire.
The cause for the slow pressure loss cannot always be deter‐
mined because the tire is severely damaged and components of
the tire are missing.
The following pages show tires that were destroyed by driving
with low tire pressure.

24.15 Tire Temperature, Rising When Tires

Pressure Is Too Low
The diagram shows the temperature behavior of a tire at 180 km/
h (112 mph).
A - Normal range. When maintaining the specified tire pressure,
the temperature remains stable
B - Danger zone. When the air pressure is 0.3 bar (4.35 psi) below
specification, the temperature rises to above 120° C (32° F) at
higher speeds
C - Critical temperature limit. The tire defect is triggered
T - Temperature
t - Driving time in minutes

24.16 Cracked Tires

Applies to cracks on tires or tread blowouts and tire breaks.
It is not possible to bill for damage to external effects.

110 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

25 Vehicles with Break-Down Kit

⇒ “25.1 Tire Sealant”, page 111
⇒ “25.2 Tires, Removing”, page 111
⇒ “25.3 Tire Sealant, Disposing”, page 112
⇒ “25.4 Tires, Mounting”, page 112

25.1 Tire Sealant

WARNING

If tire sealant was used, then the wheel electronics on that par‐
ticular wheel must be replaced.

Audi vehicles have either a spare wheel or a wheel repair kit, de‐
pending on equipment.
The wheel repair kit is located in the luggage compartment, where
the spare tire would be stored if the vehicle was equipped with
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
one. It contains a bottle of tire sealant
permitted unless next to the
authorised compressor.
by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
Tire sealant in the bottle has a limited storage life.
Therefore, the expiration date is indicated on the bottle -arrow-.

In this example, the expiration date is 05/2003, it must be re‐

placed.
If the bottle was opened, for example, for a punctured tire, it must
also be replaced.

25.2 Tires, Removing

Tires which have been filled or sealed with tire sealant, must be
drained before removing from wheel.

WARNING

♦ Prevent tire sealant from making contact with eyes and

skin.
♦ It is harmful to health, can cause eye irritation and aller‐
gies.
♦ Wear protective gloves and glasses when removing tires.

– Set wheel on an even surface.

25. Vehicles with Break-Down Kit 111

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– Remove tire valve insert.

– Carefully drill hole in tire in area of shoulder using suitable drill
or cutter.
– Hold wheel over drip tray and allow tire sealant to drain.
– Remove tire from rim.
– Clean wheel rim, for example using a damp cloth.

25.3 Tire Sealant, Disposing

Remainder of tire sealant or bottles still filled, date expired, must
be disposed of. Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
Old tire sealant or remainder of tire sealant must not be mixed
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
with other fluids or disposed of. To do so, follow disposal instruc‐
tions in Handbook Service Organization; Environmental Protec‐
tion and Disposal Practices.

25.4 Tires, Mounting

WARNING

If tire sealant was used, then the wheel electronics on that par‐
ticular wheel must be replaced.

• Make sure wheel rim is clean.

– After using tire sealing liquid, wheel electronics must be re‐
placed, since there is the possibility of incorrect measure‐
ments due to liquid deposits on pressure sensor.
– Insert a new tire valve.
– Remove the valve insert.
– Inflate tire to approximately 3 to 4 bar (43.5 to 58 psi), tire bead
must audibly slide over rim hump.
– Install valve insert.
– Correct inflation pressure to the specified pressure.
– Balance wheel.

112 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Audi 100 1991 ➤ , Audi 80 1992 ➤ , Audi A1 2011 ➤ , Audi A2 2001 ➤ , A ...
Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

26 Tire Pressure Monitoring System

⇒ “26.1 Tire Pressure Monitoring with Pressure Sensor”,
page 113
⇒ “26.2 Tire Pressure Monitoring System with Wheel Speed Sen‐
sor”, page 114

26.1 Tire Pressure Monitoring with Pressure

Sensor

WARNING

If tire sealant was used, then the wheel electronics on that par‐
ticular wheel must be replaced.

The wheel electronics, that is, the system pressure sensor, forms
a physical unit with the valve.

Note

The lettering on the wheel electronics shows which system is in‐

stalled.

Note

Currently there are two versions of the wheel electronics.

Beru TPMS. Refer to

⇒ “13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Beru ”, page 49 .
Siemens TPMS. Refer to
⇒ “13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Siemens ”, page 50 .
Direct measuring systems according to model
⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”, page 44 .
Indirect measuring systems according to model
⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”, page 44 .
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
Overview, Beru System
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

The pressure sensor transfers the recorded signals to the tire

pressure monitoring system antenna.
The pressure sensor is connected firmly to the rim with a threaded
connection.
If the tire pressure drops, the driver is warned via the pressure
sensor in the instrument cluster.

26. Tire Pressure Monitoring System 113

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Tire Pressure Monitoring System

To inform the driver, this system transfers the tire pressure values
via a control module to the driver information system in the in‐
strument cluster.

Note

♦ If vehicles with tire pressure monitoring sensors are transpor‐

ted in airplanes, the airline must be informed of the sensors.
♦ The correct allocation must be observed, otherwise the tire
pressure monitoring will not function correctly.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
More detailed information on this system canto be
with respect found inofSSP
the correctness 219 in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
information
“Electronic tire pressure monitoring”.

26.2 Tire Pressure Monitoring System with

Wheel Speed Sensor

WARNING

Tires with emergency running characteristics are only installed

in conjunction with a tire pressure monitoring system.

Note

If the vehicle has TPMS, there are no wheel electronics in the rim.

Note

The lettering on the wheel electronics shows which system is in‐

stalled.

Beru wheel electronics system. Refer to

⇒ “13.14 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Beru ”, page 49 .
Siemens wheel electronics system. Refer to
⇒ “13.15 Wheel Electronics System (Tire Pressure Monitoring
System), Siemens ”, page 50 .
Direct measuring systems according to model
⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”, page 44 .
Indirect measuring systems according to model
⇒ “13.13 Metal Valve Body, Removing and Installing”, page 44 .
When the tire pressure decreases, the speed of the respective
tire changes.
The changed tire speed is recorded by the speed sensor.
The driver is informed of the changed tire pressure in the instru‐
ment cluster.

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

27 Emergency Wheels
⇒ “27.1 Emergency Wheels, Using”, page 115

27.1 Emergency Wheels, Using

Note

Inform your customer as necessary of the notes listed in the fol‐

lowing and also refer if necessary to the vehicle Owner's Manual.

The following notes listed also apply to spare wheels that are
marked with a yellow sticker with the note “MAX 80 km/h” or “MAX
50 mph”.

Note

♦ Emergency wheel/spare wheel is designed only for sporadic

and brief use. Therefore it is to be replaced with the normal
wheel again as soon as possible.
♦ After mounting the emergency wheel/spare wheel, tire inflation
pressure must be checked as soon as possible. The correct
tire inflation
unlesspressure
authorised bycan
AUDIbeAG.found
AUDI AGin thenotfollowing
guarantee ortire inflation
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted does accept any liability
pressure table
with respect to theon the respective
correctness of information vehicle or the
in this document. respective
Copyright by AUDI AG.
manual: Maintenance.
♦ Always pay attention to speed information on the wheel (“MAX
80 km/h” or “MAX 50 mph”).
♦ Wide Open Throttle (WOT) acceleration, strong braking and
rapid driving around curves should be prevented.
♦ Never drive with more than one emergency wheel/spare
wheel.
♦ It is not permissible to use snow chains on the emergency
wheel for technical reasons.
♦ If vehicle must be driven with snow chains, therefore the emer‐
gency wheel must be installed on the rear axle for a breakdown
on the front axle. The rear wheel freed up must then be moun‐
ted in place of the faulty front wheel.

27. Emergency Wheels 115

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28 Run-Flat Tires

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

⇒ “28.1 Installing/Conditions for Using Run-Flat Tires”,

page 116
⇒ “28.2 Tires with emergency running characteristics, PAX”, page
116
⇒ “28.3 Tires with Emergency Running Characteristics, SST
(Self-Supporting Tire)”, page 123
⇒ “28.4 Tires with Emergency Running Characteristics, Seal In‐
side-Technology”, page 126
⇒ “28.5 Tires with Emergency Running Characteristics, Repair‐
ing”, page 128

28.1 Installing/Conditions for Using Run-Flat

Tires

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

Because pressure loss in a run-flat tire is not always visible, these

tires should only be used on vehicles equipped with a tire pres‐
sure monitoring system. This system warns the driver when the
tire pressure falls below a certain value.
The following are permitted:
♦ Direct measuring systems
♦ Indirect measuring systems
Only mount run-flat tires on disc wheels with an extended double
hump (extended hump - EH2).
Pay close attention to the installation instructions.
Do not install both run-flat tires and standard tires, even if the two
tires on each axle will be the same.
A standard tire can only be installed in exception cases for a short
time or a limited driving distance. The specific characteristics de‐
signed for driving withbyacopyright.
Protected flat tireCopying
will not be available.
for private or commercial The driver
purposes, in part or in whole, is not
must be informed of this.
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
28.2 Tires with emergency running charac‐
teristics, PAX

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

116 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

⇒ “28.2.1 PAX Tires, Construction”, page 117

⇒ “28.2.2 PAX Tires, Designations”, page 119
⇒ “28.2.3 Support Ring on PAX Wheels”, page 119
⇒ “28.2.4 Dimensions and Designations on PAX Rims”,
page 120
⇒ “28.2.5 Tire Inflation on PAX Wheels”, page 120
⇒ “28.2.6 Vehicle Alignment and Adjustment”, page 121
⇒ “28.2.7 Tires with Emergency Running Characteristics (PAX),
Repairing”, page 121
⇒ “28.2.8 PAX Tires, Examining”, page 122
⇒ “28.2.9 Supporting Ring, Examining”, page 122
Work on tires with emergency running characteristics (PAX) must
only be performed at skilled facilities.
These have the corresponding trained personnel and necessary
tools available.

28.2.1 PAX Tires, Construction

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

PAX tires involve specially developed system that exhibits the

following differences in comparison to conventional tires:
Pax tires with supporting ring
– -I- PAX tires with air
– -II- PAX tires without air
– The tire is anchored to a special rim that prevents it from sliding
off when pressure is lost. The rubber supporting ring ensures
stability in emergency operation.
♦ The inner and outer bead diameter are different sizes. This
makes it possible to place the tire in a supporting ring.
♦ The tire is anchored to the rim differently.
♦ In this way, the tire height could be reduced considerably. That
was possible because the area near the bead could be con‐
siderably smaller due to the special connection between the
tire and rim.
♦ The tire bead is formed so that it can engage in the rim seat.
Therefore, it remains firmly in the seat when pressure is lost.

28. Run-Flat Tires 117

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Standard tire, beat area construction

1- Rim flange
2- Fabric shell
3- Bead bundle

PAX tire, bead area construction

1- Loop
2- Fabric shell
3- Bead bundle
4- Rim flange

PAX tires, anchoring

The secure seating of the tire in the rim is ensured in all driving
situations due to the type of construction.
A wedge-shaped component of the tire is pressed between the
bead bundle and rim when loaded. This happens independently
of the pressure in the tire.

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PAX tires, dimensions

In contract to conventional tires, tires with emergency running
characteristics (PAX) exhibit differences in regard to dimensions
and designations.
Therefore, PAX tires can only be mounted on special rims (PAX).
1- Width in mm: the tire width from flank to flank on standard
rim (corresponds to width specification on standard tire)
2- Outer circumference in mm: maximum diameter of a new
tire
3- Designated diameter in millimeters on standard rim seat
4- Smaller bead diameter in millimeters: rim seat on outer side
5- Larger bead diameter in millimeters: rim seat on inner side

28.2.2 PAX Tires, Designations

In contrast to conventional tires, other designations are found on
the tire flanks of PAX tires. In this way, these tires can be allocated
clearly.
PAX tires, designations
245 - Tire width in millimeters
690 - Outer diameter in millimeters
R - Radial construction
500 - Designated diameter on standard rim seat
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
A - Tire quality grading for
permitted PAX
unless tires (A-
authorised “asymmetrical”)
by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not because
guarantee or accept any liability
both rim seats havewithdifferent
respect to diameters
the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

99 - Indicator of maximum load permitted for this tire (99 = 1550

kg (3417 lb)
Y - Speed code letter (“Y”) corresponds to a permitted maximum
speed of 300 km/h (186 mph)

28.2.3 Support Ring on PAX Wheels

Dimensions

28. Run-Flat Tires 119

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Overview of the most important dimensions:

Designations
Example: 90-500(35) CLI A 1 876107
90 - Designated width in millimeters
500 - Designated diameter in millimeters
35 - Height in millimeters
CLI - Support ring versions: CLI - Clip supporting ring/FL - stand‐
ard supporting ring
A - Build type index, asymmetrical. Indication of wheels with
emergency running characteristics (PAX)
1 - Supporting ring versions
876107 - CAI, international item code

28.2.4 Dimensions and Designations on PAX

Rims
Example: 235 x 500 A - 5 - 41
235 - Designated width in millimeters
x - One-part
500 - Designated
Protected bydiameter of standardized
copyright. Copying rim seat
for private or commercial in millimeters
purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
A - Asymmetrical
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

5 - Number of bolt holes

41 - Offset in millimeters

28.2.5 Tire Inflation on PAX Wheels

When filling tires, pay special attention to the following points:
– After mounting the tires with inserted valve insert, fill with air.
At 1 bar (14.5 psi), check whether both beads are seated cor‐
rectly.
– If one of the beads is not seated correctly, do not deflate air
from tire but rather position the assembly roller on the affected
beat and press on by rotating slightly. The bead then seats
itself.

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– Then continue filling until the tire pressure recommended for

the vehicle is reached. Tires can also be filled with tire filling
gas as with conventional tires.

Note

Do not briefly overinflate tires to 3.5 bar (50.76 psi) as is common

with conventional tires.

28.2.6 Vehicle Alignment and Adjustment

The chassis adjustment is done on vehicle with tires with emer‐
gency running characteristics (PAX) in the same way as on
vehicle that are equipped with conventional tires.
Generally, the same gauge heads and mounts that are suitable
for conventional tires with a rim protection strip can be used for
tires with emergency running characteristics (PAX). (Supports on
inner side, mount in tire tread).

28.2.7 Tires with Emergency Running Charac‐

teristics (PAX), Repairing
General Information
It is generally not necessary to replace a tire after going flat and
after driving on a flat tire.

Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
Note permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

The affected tire should be removed and checked for damaged

by trained professionals. Assembly work and damage diagnosis
on the affected tire should only be performed by trained person‐
nel.

Proceed as follows to examine a tire with emergency running

characteristics (PAX) after going flat:
– First, the remaining gel must be removed from the tire. The flat
side of the spatula is suitable for this
– Then clean the tire and supporting ring with water and a cloth
to remove the remaining gel residue
– After separating tire and supporting ring, evaluate both of
these components (PAX) according to the criteria described
in the following section
Additional information:
– When remounting, ensure the used supporting ring fits the tire
and rim dimensions
– The rim must be inspected before mounting, as with conven‐
tional wheel/tire systems
– A damaged rim should be replaced

28. Run-Flat Tires 121

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28.2.8 PAX Tires, Examining

Pay special attention to the following criteria when examining the
tire:
♦ Surface erosion or marbling on the inner side (pressure was
too low or insufficient for the load)
♦ Detached rubber or loose cords

♦ Exposed or deformed bead bundle

♦ Damage to tire bead with visible cords

28.2.9 Supporting Ring, Examining

As with the tire, the supporting ring is generally not replaced after
driving with flat tire.
Replace the support ring if the following damages have occurred:
♦ Blowouts or missing parts

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♦ Cracks in partitions

♦ Stitch damage and holes

♦ Bubbles and discoloration due to overheating

Repairs on Tires

Note

♦ Repairs on tires with emergency running characteristics (PAX)

must not be performed with adhesive tape.
♦ Tire repair sprays must not be used on tires with emergency
running characteristics (PAX) because these products are not
compatible with the gel in the tires.

28.3 Tires with Emergency Running Charac‐

teristics, SST (Self-Supporting Tire)
⇒ “28.3.1 SST Tires, Construction”, page 124
⇒ “13.5 Run-Flat Tires, Removing and Mounting”, page 32 .

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

28. Run-Flat Tires 123

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Note

♦ Only vehicles with a tire pressure monitoring system are

equipped with SST tires. This warns the driver when tire pres‐
sure falls below a certain value.
♦ Tire damage and the pressure loss resulting from it is not al‐
ways recognizable.
♦ Driving can continue at a maximum of 80 km/h (50 mph) up to
a distance of 50 km (31 miles) with complete loss of pressure.

Observe the special mounting information for SST tires.

Mixed installation of SST tires and standard tires is not permitted,
and not on the same axle. A standard tire can only be installed in
exception cases for a short time or a limited driving distance.
However, the SST-specific flat running characteristics no longer
apply. The driver must be explicitly informed of this.
In an emergency, the responsibility lies with the driver to decide
after checking whether the affected tire can be driven farther. Re‐
fer to the Owner's Manual.
Retrofitting only with tires approved for this (EH2 - extended hump
rim contour).

28.3.1 SST Tires, Construction

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have aProtected

tire pressure moni‐
by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not

toring system in the vehicle.

permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

124 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

Run-Flat Tires, Removing and Installing. Refer to

⇒ “13.5 Run-Flat Tires, Removing and Mounting”, page 32 .
A tire pressure monitoring display is necessary when using run-
flat tires.
Tire damage and the pressure loss resulting from it is not always
recognizable.
SST tires are identified with a special code (RSC = Run-flat Sys‐
tem Component) on the side wall.
The identification on the side wall of run-flat tires can differ de‐
pending on the manufacturer.
Self-Supporting Tire stands for a tire system with emergency run‐
ning characteristics in the event of a loss of pressure. In the event
of a flat tire, the driver can continue driving to a limited extent to
the next workshop Owner's Manual.
Advantage
SST tires make it possible to drive up to 50 km (31 miles) at a
maximum of 80 km/h (50 mph) even with a complete loss of pres‐
sure.
Driving style, speed, road surface, weather conditions, tire con‐
dition and tire load influence the distance.
With SST tires, it is not necessary to immediately change a tire
when it suffers from a complete loss of pressure (for example, no
tire changing in an area with low visibility or in dangerous condi‐
tions).
Braking, steering and driving performance remain for the most
part after the tire looses pressure.
A spare wheel is no longer necessary when using SST tires. From
the view of the customer, this means: saving space and weight.
Technology in Detail
Standard Tires without Emergency Running Characteristics
– -I- standard tires with air

– -II- standard tires without air

Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
– If the standard tire loses air, the rim presses the side wall to‐
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

gether. The rubber in a flat tire is heated strongly and quickly

loses its properties.
SST Tires with Reinforced Side Wall
The self-supporting, reinforced side walls form the basis of SST
technology.
– -I- SST tires with air

28. Run-Flat Tires 125

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Wheel and Tire General Information - Edition 11.2014

– -II- SST tires without air

– Especially thick side walls -A- support the empty tires on a
standard rim and the vehicle remains maneuverable. A special
rubber mixture reinforces the tires and supports the vehicle in
an emergency.
The reinforced side walls, unlike a standard tire, prevent the tire
flanks from pinching between the road and rim when flat.
Difference in Version H2 and EJ2 Extended Hump Rim
♦ The increased hump on the EH2 Extended Hump Rim pre‐
vents the SST tire from springing off when pressure is lost
♦ EH2 builds up toward the center of the wheel

WARNING

The clearance to the brake is reduced.

28.4 Tires with Emergency Running Charac‐

teristics, Seal Inside-Technology
⇒ “28.4.1 Installing a Seal Inside Tire”, page 126
⇒ “28.4.2 Seal Inside Tire Function”, page 127

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.
Examining and replacing the seal inside tires should only be
performed by trained personnel.

Note

♦ The seal inside technology makes it possible to continue driv‐

ing without losing pressure, even when the tire is damaged
due to external effects.
♦ When installing seal inside tires no special rims are required.
You can install them on the same rims as standard tires or
other tires with emergency running characteristics, except for
on the rims for PAX tires.
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not
♦ It is not recommended that
permitted unless seal by
authorised inside tires
AUDI AG. are
AUDI mixed
AG does with or accept any liability
not guarantee
standard tires or
withother
respecttires with emergency
to the correctness of informationrunning charac‐
in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.
teristics.
♦ Seal inside tires are stored in the same conditions as standard
tires or tires with emergency running characteristics.

28.4.1 Installing a Seal Inside Tire

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

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1 - Shell
2 - Band Edge
3 - Run-Flat Tires
Coat of sealing material only
on the inside of the tread

4 - Nylon Coat
5 - Top Layer

28.4.2 Seal Inside Tire Function

Caution

It is mandatory for run-flat tires to have a tire pressure moni‐

toring system in the vehicle.

Inside the tread of the tire is a coat of sealing material. This pre‐
vents a loss of pressure when the shell is damaged. Not depend‐
ing on if the object which damaged the tire is still in the tire.
Step 1:
An object is driven into the tread. The sealant adheres to the ob‐
ject.
The sealant reacts to the damage and closes the hole.
Step 2:
The object is removed from the tread.
The sealant is pulled via the object into the hole, when the object
is removed from the tread.

28. Run-Flat Tires 127

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This way the hole is closed by the sealant.

Caution

The seal inside technology does not guarantee a repair of the

tire after damage.
Unlike run flat tires seal inside tires cannot be driven with low
air pressure or flat.

28.5 Tires with Emergency Running Charac‐

teristics, Repairing
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not

General Information
permitted unless authorised by AUDI AG. AUDI AG does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by AUDI AG.

Caution

Examining damaged tires should only be performed by trained

personnel.

WARNING

♦ Run-flat tires must be replaced after they have gone flat.

♦ Pay close attention to the installation instructions.

– The wheel must be inspected before mounting, as with con‐

ventional wheel/tire systems.
– The wheels should be checked for damage after a flat tire (true
running, axial run-out, other damage) because the wheel
could be damaged in an emergency by driving through a pot‐
hole.
– A damaged wheel should be replaced.

Note

♦ Flat tire sprays may be used on tires with emergency running

characteristics (SST).
♦ Tires must be replaced after running flat.
♦ Observe the manufacturer mounting instructions.

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29 Special Tools
Special tools and workshop equipment required
♦ Trim Removal Wedge - 3409-

♦ Wheel Lock Set - T10101-

♦ Wheel Lock Set - T10101A-

♦ Wheel Lock Set - T40004-

♦ Wheel Lock Set - T40073-

29. Special Tools 129

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♦ Torque Wrench 1332 40-200Nm - VAG1332-

♦ Torque Wrench 1410 - VAG1410-

♦ Hot Air Blower - VAG1416-

♦ Cartridge Gun - VAG1628-

♦ Wheel Centering System Adapter - VAS5271-

♦ Hunter RFT33VAG Road Force Touch™ Wheel Balancer -
VAS6230B4-
♦ Wheel Balancer Clamping Adapter - 5 Lug - VAS6243-
♦ Tension Plate - VAS6652-

130 Rep. Gr.44 - Wheels, Tires, Wheel Alignment

Service: Wheel and Tire Guide
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