hursday, September

Name: Victoria Date:

26*, 2024
RESPIRATORY System
The res pira tory sys tem is resp ons ible for bringing
oxygen into the body and expelling carbon dioxide

The prima ry organ in the respiratory system is the

lungs. The lungs allow the human body to take in
air (oxygen) and expel stale air (carbon dioxide)
The lungs a r e locate d in the chest, and they are
protected by a bone structure called the rib cage
The rib c a g e is m a d e of 12 sets of ribs.

Fun Fact: Your left lung is smaller than your right lung
This provides room on the left side of your body for the heart

What does the respiratory system do?

The Respiratory System is responsible
f o r b r i n g i n g Oxygen inte the body
and expelling Carbon Dixine.
m feel sick?
What things do you think can make your respiratory syste
think t h e Respiretary System,

Cot nifet sick whn

e it cant
system works
Which other body system do you think the respiratory
mo st clo se ly with? Why?
ady syste m w ould be h
t e
A nother b b e c a n s e it w o r k s
nervans s y s t ea m
rt.
i t hscuy o u r he
N
Copyright Tea che r Re
5.82.1
Name

RESPIRATORY System
stem is re sp o n si b le for b ringing
The respiratory sy ex pell in g c a rb o n dioxide
oxygen into th e b o d y a n d

d the di ap hr ag m
Below th e lu ng s is an or ga n ca lle lows your lungs
The diaphragm is a muscleae th that al
t o b r e a t h e i n a n d ou t. Br in g in a n d ou t is al so
ap hr ag m is the
called inh ali ng an d exhaling. The di Earth. No
on
only o rg a n fou nd in ev ery m a m m a l
mam mal i s abl e to survive wit hou t a dia phr agm .
Diaphragm
Try this!
one hand
You can feel your diap hrag m cont ract and expa ndin g. Put
. Take a few
abo ve your chest and ano ther han d belo w your rib cage
deep breaths so that your stomach expands. Exhale slowly. Breathing
i n and out slowly is a great way to relax your body

This is a diagram of what the Draw what you think the

diaphragm looks like when you diaphragm looks like when
inhale. Your lungs are full of air. you exhale.

Why do mammals ne ed a di
ap hr ag m ?
I think mammals would need a
diaphragm to be able to breath
Copyright Teacher
Re so ur ce Cobin
5 ALL, 821
Name Date

RESPIRATORY System
The resp irat ory system is responsible for bringing
oxyg en into the b o d y a n d expelling carbo n dioxide

The h u m a n b o d y breathes in air through the nose and

mouth. The air passes through the throat into a windpipe
c a l l e d t h e t r a c h e a . The t r a c h e a divides into two tubes
called t h e bronch i to bring air into each of the two lungs

The b r o n c h i b r e a k off into airways called bronchio les,

which h a v e air sacs at the tips called alveoli. They look
similar t o bunches of grapes. The alveoli are lined with
b l o o d vessels that absorb the oxygen from the air that is
i n h a l e d . There a r e over 600 million alveoli sacs in the
h u m a n b o d y ! C a r b o n dioxide also moves into the alveoli,
s o it c a n b e e x h a l e d

Write t r u e or false for each statement. Alveoli

Statement True o r False?

The heart is part of the respiratory system Faulse

H u m a n s h a v e 12 set s of rib s Tr u e
pi pe ca lle d the tra ch ea Tr u e
Air pa ss es th ro ug h a wi nd
H u m a n s inhale c a r b o n dioxi
d e a n d e x h a l e air Faulse
a r e ex ac tly 600 million alveoli sacs in the
There Faulse
human body
"pipe" into the
Food an d air travel down the same Fauls e
body.
ug h their m ou th or nose. True
Hu m an s c a n br ea th e th ro
5 B21
r Resource Cabin
Co pf rig ht Te ac he
 RESPIRATORY System
Use the information you learn ed abou t the respiratory system and
record the functi on of each major componenf.

Component Function

The lungs allow the human body

to t a k e in ain an d ex pe l stale
ain. The l u n g s a r e lo ca ted in the
ch es t a n d they ar e pr et ec te d
Lungs by your r i b cage. Did you knaw
your l e f t lung i s smaller?
B e l o w t h eu n g s is a n o r g a n
c a l l e dt h ed i a p h r a m .t i sa
musule that allows your lungs
te breath in and out. The
Diaphragm Diap hram is t h e o n l y o r g a n
f o u n d i n e v e r y ma mm el on e a r t
Air passes through t h e throt
into a w i n d p i p e c a l l e d t h e
trachea. The trache divides
Trachea
into 2 tubs called bronchi to
bring air into the lungs.
There are 2 airways called
B ranchicles t h a t ha
v e m i n , air
Bronchio
S a c s ca d alvedli. There are
more t h a nlle
le/alveol
i 6ccm a lv e c i in th e r e .
Copyrighi Carbon Dioxidm Moves troug
Teacher Resource
Cobin h hte
alvedi.
5A15, 821 822
Name Date:

Respiratory System DISEASES

Asthma is a respiratory condition t h a t makes it difficult to
b r e a t h e b e c a u s e of inflamm ation in the airways. People
with asthma experience dry coughs, chest fightness, and
shortnes s of breath. It is not clear why some people
develo p asthma and others do not. It is believe d to be
caused by exposure to certain pollutants, like smoke and
dust, as well as genetic factors (inheriting asthma from
parents).

a k e s it,
Write an important fact about asthma M
condition thats difficult
Athore si a Respretor conditiat tra
t is the
Lung canc er is a type of canc er that occu rs in the lungs. I
uncon trolle d growt h of harmful cells. These cells can grow into
b e c a u s e i t c a n also
nea rby lun g tissu e and destroy it. It is dan ger ous
cancer incl ude
spre ad to other par ts of the body. Symptoms of lungand a cough that
chest pain, coughing up blood, shortness ofe breath,
n e v e r seem s to go away. Peop le who smokare the most vuln erab le
has never smo ked
to dev elop ing lung canc er, alth oug h som eon e who
can still develop lung cancer.
Write an important fact about lung cancer

e
s cl
es ca
The destrayn o
r
gw n
i o
t ne by
ar u
l ng s
i
tsue
and
Coughing si a symptom of respiratory illness. What do you think the
pu rp os e of coughing is?
The purpose ofc o u g h i n g is the
lungs way of cleaning up.
Capyright Teacher Resource Cabin 5 .8 2 4
 YOUR
LUNGS &
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
P
KidsHe alth

Your l u n g s m a k e u p o n e of the largest organs in your body, and

they work with y o u r respiratory system to allow you to take in
fresh air, g e t rid o f stale air, and even talk. Let's take a tour of
the lungs!

0, Locate T h o s e L u n g s

Your lungs are in your chest, and they are so large that they take
up most of the space in there. You have two lungs, but they
aren't t h e s a m e size the way your eyes or nostrils are. Instead,
the lung on the left side of your body is a bit smaller than the
lung on the right. This extra space on the left leave s room for
yourh e a r t .

Your lungs are protec ted by your rib cage, which is made up of 12
sets of ribs. These ribs are connected to your spine in your back
and go around your lungs to keep them safe. Beneath the lungs
is the d i a p h r a g m (say: dy-uh-fram), a dome-shaped muscle
that works with your lungs to allow you to inhale (breathe in) and
exh ale (br eat he o u t ) air.

You can't see your lungs, but it's easy to feel them in action: Put
your hands on your chest and breathe in very deeply. You will
feel your chest getting slightly bigger. Now breathe out the air,
've just felt the
and feel your chest return to its regular size. You
power of your lungs!
 h e Lungs
A Look I n s i d e t
Trachea
t s i d e , l u n gs are
u
From the o i t squishy, like a
Bronchus •A lv eo li b
pink a n d a t h e inside contains
Bronchioles sponge. But down o n th e lungs!
the real low f t h e t rachea
At t h e b o t t o m o
u h ) , or
(say: t r a y - k e e -
re two large
windpipe, th e re ba e s a r e c a ll e d
tubes. These t u h i (s ay :
the m ai n s t e m b r o n c
one h e a d s left
brong-kye), a n d
into the left lung, while th e
Diaphragm

he r he ad s right into th e right lung.

ot
(say : br on g- ku ss ) - th e na m e for just
Each main stem bronch us or bronchi,
i - then br an ch es off int o tu be s,
one of the bronch lik e br an ch es on a big
ev en sm al le r still,
that get smaller and lle d b r o n c h i o les ( s a y : brong-kee-
tree. The tinies t tu be s ar e ca
th er e are ab ou t 30 ,00 0 of th em in e a c h lu ng . Each
oles), and
bronchiole is abo ut the s a m e t h i c k n e s s a s a h a i r.

a d s into
At the end of each bronchiole is a spe cial a r e a tha t l e
-oh -lie ).
clumps of teeny tiny air sacs called alv eol i (sa y: al- vee
There are about 600 million alveoli in your l u n g s a n d if you
stretched them out, they would cover an entir e tenn is cour t. Now
that's a load of alveoli! Each alveolus (say: al-vee-oh -luss) -
what we call just one of the alveoli - has a mesh-like covering of
very small blood vessels called capillaries (say: cap-ill-er-ees).
These capillaries are so tiny that the cells in your blood need t o
line up single file just to march through them.

All About Inhaling

When you're walking your dog, cleaning your room, or spiking a

volleyball, you probably don't think about inhaling (breathing in)
— you've got other things on your m
ind! But every time you
 inhale air, dozens of body parts work together to help get that air
in th e re w it h o u t y o u e v e r thin
king a b o u t it .
A
Thsisyoalulobreathe in, your diaphragm contracts and flattens out.
ws it to move down, so your lungs ha
grow arger as they fill up with air. "Move over,vedia more room to
filling up!" is what your lungs would say. A phragm, I'm
the only part th at gives your lungs the nd the diaphragm isn't
muscles al so lift t h e r i b s u p an room they need. Your rib
d outward to give the lungs
space.. more

At t h e s a m e tim e, you inhale air through

and t h e air he ad s do wn yo ur trachea your mouth and nose,
, or wi
down the windpipe, tiny hairs called cilia (sandy:pipe. On th e way
gently t o kee p m u c u s a n d dir t ou t of t h e lungs. sill-ee-uh) move
The air then goes
through the series of branches in your lungs, through the bron
a n d t h e bro nch iole s. chi

Thank You, Alveoli!

The air finally ends up in the 600 million alveoli. As these millions
of alveoli fill up with air, the lungs g e t bigger. Remember that
experiment where you felt your lungs get larger? Well, you were
really feeling the power of those awesome alveoli!

It's t h e alveoli that allow oxygen from the air to pass into your
blood. All the cells in the body need oxygen every minute of the
day. Oxygen passes through the walls of each alveolus into the
blood in
tiny capillaries that surround it. The oxygen enters the
s and traveling
blood cell
the tin y capillaries, hitching a ride on redhe art. The heart then sends
throu gh layer s of blo od ve ssels to the
ox yg en ated (filled with ox yg en) blood out to all the cells ni
the
the body.

Waiting to Exhale
(breathe out), everything happens ni
When it's time to exhadleiaphragm's turn to say, "Move it!" Your
: Now it's the
reverse p
u, pushing i
ar out f
o th e lungs.
oves
diaphragm relaxes and m
 your ribs move n
i again,
rib muscles become relaxed, and
Your

g
aller space in your chest.

ou
creating a sm ,
, and your ve rp

r
o xy g en they nee d u n

en
used the at must lea b
By now your cellscaharbve s th
ou Whe

wh
e an d other w a st e
blood is carrying on dioxid ries a n d t h e y
your body. The blood co
mes ba ck th ro ugh th e ca p
o
il
u
la
t in the tenne! y We
em
wastes en te r the alveol i. Then yo u
n
i —
brea
th
th
e
e
air
th
go es through t h e zo afunn
ey cam e
reverse order of how th i, out the trachea, and finally out
bronchioles, out the bronch
thr ou gh yo ur mo uth and nos e.
Lungs
The air that yo u br ea th e ou t not only co ntains w as te s and ca rb on
eb Your
s warm , too ! As air trave ls through your body, i t ama
dioxide, but it' feel this he at by pu tti ng e
r
a
pick s up he at along the wa y. You can rungs g
h or no se as you br ea th e ou t.
yo ur ha nd in front of your mout air that co me s out of your mo uth let shout at a
lut
What is the tem pe rat ure of the (ime, your
or n o s e ? dae nda exhale i
th all this mo vem ent , yo u might be wondering why thi ng s do n't
Wi
get stuck as the lungs fill and empty! Luckily, your lungs are
covered by two really slick special layers called p l e u r a l (say :
ploo-ral) mem bra nes . These membranes are sep ara ted by a eing you
fluid that allows them to slide around easily while you inhale and i t e be r lung
st
exhale ine. S way
moki
T i m e f o r Ta l k
ng /
se so
Your lungs are important for breathing . . . and also for talking! sen t h e
Above the trachea (windpipe) is the larynx (say: lair-inks), tes y
ou
which is sometimes called the voice box. Across the voice box are t 01
two tiny ridges called vocal cords, which open and close to mak e
sounds. When you exhale air from the lungs, it comes through in
the trachea and larynx and reaches the vocal cords.
cords are clo If the vocal ag
sed and the air flows between them, the voca ar
vibrate and a sound is made. l cords et
ty
The amount of air you blow out from yo
loud a sound wil be and how long ur lungs determines how
inhaling very deeply and saying you can make the sound. Try
the names of all the kids in
your
 timee oyyoufa'rrecoanutsyidoue, gterty without taking hte next breath? The
nneexxtt tim sh
shouting requires lots of air, outing and see what happens -
frequently than you would so you'll need to breathe in more
e if you were only saying the
words.
Experiment with differen
them - when you giggle,t yo sounds and the air it take
s to make
u let out your eath ni short bits,
t swallowed air inbryo
but w h en you burp, you le
one long o n e . When you hi ur stomach out in
cc up, it's cause the diaphragm
th a t causes yobe
moves in a funny way
u to breath
cal cords when y o u 'r e e in air suddenly,
and t h a t a i r h it s yo ur vo
n o t ready.
Lo ve Y o u r L u n g s
Your lu ng s ar e am az in g. They
allow you to br ea th e, talk to yo
friend, sh ou t at a ga me, sing, laugh ur
of a ga me , yo ur lungs even work wi,thcry, and more! And speaking
inh your brain to help you
ale a n d ex ha le a larger amount of air at
a more rapid rate
t when you'r e running a mile - all without you even thin
i tonce. king about

Keeping your lungs looking and feeling healthy is a smart idea,

and t h e best way to keep your lungs pink and healthy is not to
smoke. Smoking isn't good for any part of your body, and your
lungs especially hate it. Cigarette smoke damages the cilia ni the
trachea so they can no longer move to keep dirt and other
substa nces out of the lungs. Your alveoli get hurt too, because
the chemicals in cigarette smoke can cause the walls of the e.
delicate alveoli to break down, making it much harder to breath

Finally, cigarette smoke cllsan godam age the cells of thelaclun gs so

alt hy ce aw ay , on ly to b e rep ed by
much that the he stron g, but when it
Lu ng s are norm ally tou gh an d
cancer cells. they can be hu rt ea y
sil — an d it's often very
s,
comes to cigarette le to make them better. If you need o t work
difficult or icim possib t or shop class, be sure to wear a
with chem als in ankear ical fum es r
fo m en terin g your
pro tective m ask to ep chem
lun gs.
 o
yur u
l ngs y
b exe rcising!
n alsoosohdowforyoevureryloveparfotrof your body, and especially fo
You caise r
Exerc is g When you take part n
i vigorous exercise
art.
your lungs and he g, or swimming, for example), your lungs
(like biking, runnin e your cells the extra oxygen th ey need. A
s
require more air to giv
lun gs
you breathe more deeply and take in more air, youyrwit
become stronger and better at supplying your bod h t h e air ti
needs to succeed. Keep your lungs healthy and they will thank 1
you for life!
2
Reviewed by: Steven Dowshen, MD
Date reviewed: November 2009
Originally reviewed by: Laura Inselman, MD
3
© 1995- 2011. The Nemours Foundation/ KidsHealth. Reprinted with permission.

i Doi
 1. Mose
2. Mouth v

.3 Irachea rarynx
Larynx Trachea 7

4 Lungs V
‫ال‬
5Bronchial Te
8

bronchieli

alveoli 1 0
BRaphragm
mouth, trachea, larynx,
ronchial Tube (2), nose, diaphragm, alveoli,
ungs, bronchioli
 W h a tI s A s t h m a ?
(from Reviewed by: Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph, M
D Date reviewed: January 2014)
Asthma (pronounced: AZ-muh) si a lung condition that causes difficulty breathing. It's
a common
condition. Lots of people have asthma, from
young kids to the elderly.
As thm a aff ect s t h e bro nch
ial t u b e s - als o kn ow
n as a i r w a y s .
With normal breathing, air flows ni through the nose or
mouth and then into the trachea (windpipe).
From there, it easily passes through the airways,
into the lungs, and finally back out again.
Breath doesn't always flow as easily through
the airways when people have asthma, thou
airways that are inflamed so they swell up gh. Their
and produce lots of thick mucus. Inflamed
very sens itive airways are also
, and things like dust or smoke can caus
e the smooth muscle around them to tigh
All thes e things can narrow the airways ten up.
and make it hard for air to move thro
ugh.

People with asthma have difficulty brea

thing at times. When this happens,
it's known as an a s t h m a
flar e-u p (also called an asthma attack,
flare, episode, or exacerbation). Many peop
com pare le with asth ma
a flare -up to the feeling of trying to brea
the thro ugh a straw - it feels very hard
to g e t air in
and out of their lungs. An asth ma flare-up can
last for several hours (or longer if a person
asth ma medicine). When a flare-up is over doesn't use
, the person usually feels better. Between
breathing can seem completely normal, although flare-ups,
some people may cough or feel as if they are alwa
ys
short of breath.

Asthma isn't contagious . You can't catch it from someone who has it.

Things that set off asthma flare-ups are called triggers. Triggers are different for different people.
Common triggers that can set off an asthma flare-up include:
• allergens, like pollen, mold, or other things that cause anallergic reaction ni some people
• airborne irritants and pollutants, like smoke, strong scents, or high levels of air pollutants
• exercise

• weat her, like cold, dry air or extreme heat or humidity

• respi rator y tract infections, like colds and flu

De ali ng Wi th As thm a
triggers and taking any long-term
The best way to control asthma is prevention. That means avoiding
control medicines your doctor prescribes.
ke
ironment clear of potential allergens, like dust orsecondhand smoke. Don't smo
Keep your env t
say indoors or limit your exercise ot indoor
ay attention t
o h
t e we ather and
(and quit if you do). P t you.
you know weather or air pollution may affec
activities when
 ame: Date:

Respiratory System DISEASES

Asthma is a respiratory condition that makes it difficult to
breathe bec aus e of inflammation in the airways. People
with asthma experience dry coughs, chest tightness, and
shortness of breath. It is not clear why some peo
ple
devel op asthm a a n d others do not. It is believ ed to b e
caused by expos ure to certain pollutants, like smoke and
dust, a s well as genet ic factor s (inheriting asthm a from
parents).

It is belived Write an important fact abou

t asthma.
ot eb craned by exposure to fence atons:
Lung c a n c e r is a type of cancer that occurs in the lungs. It is the
uncontrolled growth of harmful cells. These cells can grow into
n e a r b y lung tissue a n d destroy it. It is d a n g e r o u s b e c a u s e it c a n also
spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms of lung cancer include
chest pain, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, and a cough that
never seems to go away. People who smoke are t h e most vulnerable
to developin g lung cancer, although someone who has never smoked
c a n still d e v e l o p lung cancer.

Write an important fact about lung cancer.

These cells c e l l s c a n grow i n t o n e r b y lung
tissue a n d destroy it.
hing is a symptom of respiratory illness. What do you think the
Coug
pu rp os e o f co ug hi ng is?
is like yo ur body s w ay o f
Coughing u gh , yo u r
eleuning rupe. tW hen yau ca h
t n
i gs
lungs a ryin g s e t ri d of int
t b e
t h a tS h o w a n
Copyright Teacher Resource Cabin
 W r
it
e a w How the Respiratory System Works
odr rowodrs orfm hte W
Wo r d Bank
: dor Bnakot compelet each definition.
diaphragm carbon
diox
epiglottis
oxygen vocal cords ide respiratory s y s t e m bronchi Good job!
exhale capillaries inhale
alveoli

Respretery syster
trachea larynx
pharynx
nose
13/15
1. Th
This system provides oxygen oe parts of the body that are used for breathing make up the —
get energy from food. Awastet preach of the cels of the body. Oxygen si needed yb al ce
oduct caled carbon dioxide, given ls to
by this system. off by cells, si carried aw ay
n o s e .2 Ari si inhaled through the _ where i
moistened. t si filtered, warmed, and
Exabaste pharynx
.3 From the nose, air then passes through the —
which si the area
behind the nose that leads to the throat.

Капупх 4. The or voice box, si located at the bottom of the pharynx.

—

V oca l Ca rd s 5. _whichproducesoundsofvoices, recontainedinthelarynx.

Epiglottis: _si a flap of tissue at the top of the larynx. It prevents food
from entering the windpipe by covering the larynx when food si swallowed.
Inacea v 7. At the bottom of the larynx si the windpipe,
also known as the
s, called _ which
Bronchi 8. The trachea is divided o
int w
t o bronchial tube
carry air to ea ch lung.
nchi divide into smaller branches
Alveal: 9. n
I each of the two lungs, the bro

Wchi contain milions of tiny ari sacs caled —

Ec
ahv
aeou
lss
i n
i edi
wthtiry l
b o d
o ve se tca l d-
C e p.l l arielo haled si added t
o h
t e blood ni the
Oxygen r
i
h i
t
odsih
t
n
e
t
he
a
cd
i
r
e
fr
o
e
t
s
e
h
h
t r
e
h
e i
s m
u
pe
p
d
air that si in
e
ht
r
,
a w
e
t
h av
l e o
lraelstheocells of thl. i
h
s
Tx e c
11. _ from
m
o
uo
oc ota
tp e body.
 Capbone,
12. The waste pro duct _ s
i given off ni the gas exchange between air
Dioride with the air that si exhaled, or breathed
and o
bl od i
n h
t e alveoli. Te
h carbon dioxide i
s released
out.

Diaphrum 13. T eh _si adome-shaped muscel found under hte bri cage whchi
assists during inhalation and exhalation.

in h al e 14. When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens. This action forces chest
muscles to pull the ribs upward and outward, making the chest cavity expand, and the lungs _

hall
air.

Phurnx 15. When the diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward. This causes the
ribs to move inward and downward and makes the chest cavity smaller. Air is forced out
of the
lungs as you -