RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHAVIDYALAYA, LATUR

(Autonomous)
NEP Cell
One Day Workshop
ON

Mini Project
For
B.Sc.-I
22-10-2024
 A PROJECT REPORT ON

Biodiversity of different diseases of garden

plant
SUBMITTED

TO

DEPARTMENT OF B0TANY
RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHAVIDYALAYA, LATUR

FOR THE AWARD OF

B.Sc. I

BY

Miss. Yenchewad Madhuri (B.Sc.I)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. K.D.SAVANT
ASST. PROF.
DEPARTMENT OF B0TANY
RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHAVIDYALAYA, LATUR
 RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHAVIDYALAYA,LATUR
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled “Biodiversity of different diseases of garden
plant” submitted to Department of Botany, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur

during 2017-2018 for the award of B.Sc. I written by me and has not previously
been formed on the basis for the award of any degree or diploma or other similar
title of this or any other University, or examining body.

Place :Latur (Miss.Yenchewad Madhuri)

Date :22/10/2024 B. Sc. I

Project Student
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Biodiversity of different diseases of garden

plant” which is being submitted herewith is the result of the project work completed by

Miss. Yenchewad Madhuri under my supervision and guidance and to the best of our

knowledge and belief the work embodied in the report has not formed earlier the basis for

the award of any other university or examining body.

Place : Latur

Date:22/10/2024

Head Project Guide

Mr. S. N. Shinde Dr. K.D. Savant

Department of Botany Asst. Professor
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur

Dr. Ghavanw
Principal
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank the many people who helped me to complete this project. My advisor,

Dr. K.D.Savant Department of Botany , Rajarshi Mahavidyalaya, Latur for his valuable guidance

to complete this project work and introducing me to mutagenesis. I am thankful to Prof.

S.N.Shinde, Head, Departmentof Botany for always being available to help me.

I sincerely thank DrGhavane, Principal, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur , for his

kind support and making the computer lab , internet , library facilities available to me. My deep

appreciation to Dr. S.N. Shinde, Vice-Principal, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur, for his

kind support and co-operation in my research project work. I am thankful to Amruta mane for their

help and support.

Thanks are due to all my friends studying in B.Sc.of Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya,

I am at lost of the words while expressing my deep feelings of gratitude towards my family

members for the loving support and inspiration which has sustained me throughout my life, without

their support and encouragement.

place: Latur

Date: 22/10/2024 Miss. Yenchewad Madhuri

B.Sc. - I
 Index

Sr.No. Content Page no.

1. Introduction

2. Review of Literature

3. Materials and Methods

4. Results and Discussion

5. Conclusions
6. References
INTRODUCTION
 In general, a plant becomes diseased when it is continuously disturbed by
some causal agent that results in an abnormal physiological process that disrupts the
plant’s normal structure, growth, function, or other activities. This interference with
one or more of a plant’s essential physiological or biochemical systems elicits
characteristic pathological conditions or symptoms.

Plant diseases can be broadly classified according to the nature of their

primary causal agent, either infectious or noninfectious. Infectious plant diseases are
caused by a pathogenic organism such as a fungus, bacterium, mycoplasma, virus,
viroid, nematode, or parasitic flowering plant. An infectious agent is capable of
reproducing within or on its host and spreading from one susceptible host to another.
Noninfectious plant diseases are caused by unfavourable growing conditions,
including extremes of temperature, disadvantageous relationships between moisture
and oxygen, toxic substances in the soil or atmosphere, and an excess or deficiency
of an essential mineral. Because noninfectious causal agents are not organisms
capable of reproducing within a host, they are not transmissible.

In nature, plants may be affected by more than one disease-causing agent at a

time. A plant that must contend with a nutrient deficiency or an imbalance between
soil moisture and oxygen is often more susceptible to infection by a pathogen, and a
plant infected by one pathogen is often prone to invasion by secondary pathogens.
The combination of all disease-causing agents that affect a plant make up the disease
complex. Knowledge of normal growth habits, varietal characteristics, and normal
variability of plants within a species—as these relate to the conditions under which
the plants are growing—is required for a disease to be recognized.

The study of plant diseases is called plant pathology. Pathology is derived

from the two Greek words pathos (suffering, disease) and logos (discourse, study).
Plant pathology thus means a study of plant diseases.
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
 MATERIALS AND
METHODS

There are several methods for controlling plant diseases in a garden, including:
Sanitation: Start with a clean planting site, free of debris from previous years. Remove infected
plant parts, and disinfect tools and machinery.

Plant selection: Choose disease-resistant varieties of plants, and avoid planting too early.

Crop rotation: Grow crops in different parts of the garden each year.

Watering: Water early in the day so plants can dry out, and avoid getting water on the leaves.

Mulching: Mulch helps prevent soil from splashing onto plants, and retains soil moisture.

Spacing: Avoid overcrowding plants, which can create a moist environment that encourages
disease.

Removing diseased plants: Remove diseased plants, flowers, and fruit as soon as you notice
them.

Fertilizing: Fertilize to promote growth, but avoid over-fertilizing.

Protecting from insects: Minimize insect damage, as insect wounds can provide entry points for
disease-causing organisms.

Using a hand lens: A 10x hand lens can help you detect fungus and insect problems.

Using home remedies: You can try spraying plants with a mixture of baking soda and water, or
with milk
 RESULTS

AND

DISCUSSION
 CONCLUSIONS
Plant diseases can have a significant impact on the quality and quantity of plant produce, and can
even destroy crops. Here are some things to know about plant diseases:

Causes
Plant diseases can be caused by infectious agents like bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes, or
by noninfectious agents like unfavorable growing conditions.

Symptoms
Plant diseases can cause characteristic symptoms, such as spots, scabs, blemishes, and blotches on
fruits and vegetables.

Control
Plant diseases can be controlled using disease-resistant varieties, biological control practices, and
pesticides.

Management
Cultural practices can also be used to manage plant diseases, such as selecting suitable growing
sites, rotating to nonsusceptible crops, and pruning to improve aeration.

Impact
Uncontrolled plant diseases can lead to less food, higher food prices, or food of poor quality. Some
plant diseases can even wipe out entire plant species.

Diagnosis
To diagnose a plant disease, you can compare the plant to a healthy plant, noting characteristics
like overall size, shape, coloration, and distribution. You can also consider normal events that may
occur in a healthy plant, like leaf drop.
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Enfermería Intensiva (in Spanish).
Scheme of Marking

1. Introduction of Problem : 05

2. Review of Litrature : 10

3. Methodology : 15

4. Analysis : 10

5. Findings : 10

6. Final Draft : 20

7. Viva Voce : 30

Total : 100