ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank the Almighty God for
giving me the power to believe in myself and achieve my goals.
I wish to thank Dr.K. MANONMANI, M.E., Ph.D., Principal,
Government College of Technology, Coimbatore for providing all the
necessary facilities and external resources.
I express my sincere gratitude to Dr.R. THENMOZHI, M.E., Ph.D.,
Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering (Structural
Engineering) for her valuable suggestion throughout the project
work.
I extend my gratitude to my Programme Coordinator Dr.R.
CHITHRA, M.E., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering for the support and encouragement during this project.
I am greatly indebted to my guide Dr.M. RAMA, M.E., Ph.D.,
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering for the
continuous guidance, constant support and giving valuable
suggestions to complete the project work.
I take immense pleasure to thank my parents for their constant
encouragement and support throughout the project work.
I extend my sincere thanks to all faculty members, non-
teaching staffs and my friends for their help and support in
completing this project work.
i
SYNOPSIS
While the traffic on road is increasing day by day and there is no
space left in both the dimension, finally the only option left is to go to
the third dimension and that is made all the way through flyover
construction. Flyover is a bridge that carries one road or else railway
line above another road for communication connection between the
two. This project work consists of planning, analysis and design of a
tee beam bridge superstructure. This bridge is located in SATHY
ROAD, COIMBATORE. All the design consideration has been taken
from Indian Road Congress (IRC). All the structural elements are
design by using Limit State method of design. The design was then
followed up by using Indian Standards (IS) codes for standard design
considerations. In this project the initial analysis of the bridge is done
manually and cross check with the help of STADD PRO software for
accurate and reliable results. The planning and detailing of the
various structural elements were done using AUTOCAD 2024
software. Necessary structural drawings thus prepared are attached
in the appropriate places within the project.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
SYNOPSIS ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF SYMBOLS vii
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 CLASSFICATION OF BRIDGES 1
1.2.1 BASED ON STRUCTURE 1
1.2.2 BASED ON FUNCTION 2
1.2.3 BASED ON PURPOSE 2
1.2.4 BASED ON SPAN LENGTH 3
1.3 COMPONENTS OF BRIDGES 3
1.3.1 SUPERSTRUCTURE 3
1.3.2 SUBSTRUCTURE 4
1.4 TEE BEAM GIRDER BRIDGE 4
1.4.1 COURBONS METHOD 4
1.4.2 PIGEAUD’S CURVE 5
1.5 REASON OF TEE BEAM BRIDGE OVER
5
OTHER BRIDGES
1.6 OBJECTIVES 6
2 LAYOUT OF TEE BEAM BRIDGE
2.1 GENERAL 7
2.2 LOCATION 7
2.3 DRAFTING SOFTWARE 8
2.4 PARAMETERS 8
2.5 PLAN OF BRIDGE 9
2.6 CROSS SECTION OF BRIDGE 10
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3 MODELLING OF BRIDGE
3.1 GENERAL 11
3.2 MODELLING SOFTWARE 11
3.3 2D MODELLING OF BRIDGE 11
3.4 3D MODELLING OF BRIDGE 12
4 ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 LOAD CALCULATION
4.2.1 DEAD LOAD CALCULATION
4.2.2 LIVE LOAD CALCULATION
4.2.3 WIND LOAD CALCULATION
4.3 LOAD COMBINATIONS
4.4 ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE
5 DESIGN OF TEE BEAM BRIDGE
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 DESIGN OF DECK SLAB
5.3 DESIGN OF MAIN GIRDERS
5.4 DESIGN OF CROSS GIRDERS
6 CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO
2.1 LOCATION 7
2.2 PLAN OF BRIDGE 9
2.3 CROSS SECTION OF BRIDGE 10
3.1 2D MODELLING OF BRIDGE 11
3.2 3D MODELLING OF BRIDGE 12
4.1 DEAD LOAD 13
4.2 LIVE LOAD 14
4.3 WIND LOAD 15
4.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS 16
4.5 ANALYSIS OUTCOME 17
4.6 BEAM FORCE SUMMARY 18
4.7 2D VIEW OF DISPLACEMENT 19
4.8 DISPLACEMENT DIAGRAM IN 3D 20
4.9 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM IN 3D 21
4.1 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM IN 2D 24
5.1 POSITION OF WHEEL LOAD FOR MAX 25
BENDING MOMENT
5.2 IRC LOADING 26
5.3 POSITION OF WHEEL LOAD FOR MAX
SHEAR FORCE
5.4 DECK SLAB DETAILING
5.5 IRC CLASS AA LOADING
5.6 DEAL LOAD ON MAIN GIRDER
5.7 ILD FOR BENDING MOMENT
5.8 POSITION OF IRC CLASS AA FOR MAX
SHEAR FORCE
5.9 MAIN GIRDER DETAILING
5.10 LOADS ON CROSS GIRDER
5.11 POSITION OF LIVE LOAD FOR MAX
BENDING MOMENT ON CROSS GIRDER
5.12 CROSS GIRDER DETAILING
v
LIST OF SYMBOLS
L = Effective span
Leff = Effective length
Ld = Developmental length
b, B = width of the member
D = Overall depth
d = Effective depth
S = Spacing between the bars
Sv = Spacing between the stirrups
W = Total load
SBC = Safe bearing capacity
Pu, Wu = Ultimate load
Vu = Ultimate shear force
Mu = Ultimate bending moment
fck = Characteristic compressive strength of concrete
fy = Yield strength of steel
Pt = Percentage of steel
MB = Bending moment coefficient at short span
ML = Bending moment coefficient at long span
Ʈc, ƮCF = Shear stress of concrete
Ʈc (max) = Max. shear stress resist by concrete
Ʈv, ƮVF = Nominal shear stress
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