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BIODIVERSITY
 Variety of life forms on earth and the
BIODIVERSITY essential interdependence of all living
things.

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 BIODIVERSITY

The term is coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1986

The word Biodiversity originates from the Greek word BIOS= LIFE and Latin Word
DIVERSITAS = VARIATION or DIFFERENCES

BIODIVERSITY = VARIATY OF LIFE

Measure of variety of organisms present in different ecosystem.

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 SPECIES BIODIVERSITY

ECOSYSTEM
TYPES OF
BIODIVERSITY
BIODIVERSITY

GENETIC BIODIVERSITY

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 On a genetic level, biodiversity is what makes you different from everyone
you know. Each individual has a unique mixture of genes.

On a species level, it’s all the different plants and animals that exist – from
a western lowland gorilla to humpback whale or a portobello mushroom.
TYPES OF
BIODIVERSITY

Ecosystems are areas of biodiversity where plants and animals interact

with the environment in different ways. Take for example a coral reef
ecosystem. There you may find a variety of corals, fish, rays, turtles,
jellyfish, urchins, seaweeds, phytoplankton, and algae – all interacting
within the ecosystem.

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 BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY

Consumptive Value Non-consumptive Value

• food/drink • recreation
• fuel • research and education
• medicine • traditional values
• crop varieties
• industrial material

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THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY

Natural Causes Anthropogenic causes

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CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY

• Diversity at genetic, species and ecosystem levels are of special significance, and
conservation efforts are made at these levels. The three main objectives of biodiversity
conservation are:

• Preservation of species diversity.

• Sustainability of species and their ecosystem.
• Maintaining life-supporting and essential ecological processes.

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THERE ARE TWO MAIN APPROACHES TO
CONSERVING OUR BIODIVERSITY

in situ conservation

ex-situ conservation
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IN-SITU
• When we conserve and protect at all levels of
biological organization, that is, the whole
ecosystem, the approach is known as in- situ
conservation. In this, the conservation of species is
protected within their natural habitat. In-situ
conservation example can be to save the tiger, we
save the whole forest. The protected areas where in
situ conservation takes place are; wildlife sanctuary,
national park, biosphere reserve, and sacred
groves.

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 • In ex-situ conservation,
threatened animals and plants
are taken out of their natural
habitat and placed in a unique
and ideal setting where they
can be protected and given
special care. Zoological parks,
EX-SITU botanical gardens, gene
banks, and cryopreservation
serve the above purpose.

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REPORT ON THE NUMBER OF SPECIES

• Estimated that there are about 7.8 million animal species, 298,000 plants, 611,000 fungi, and
63,900 protists. They estimated relatively few prokaryotes (10,000 bacteria and 500
archaea)-The study by Mora and colleagues
• Based on the data of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the
Philippines has an estimated 207 terrestrial mammals (133 are endemic), 691 birds (239
endemic), 419 reptiles (241 endemic) and 120 amphibians (98 endemic). This makes the
Philippines to be a center for animal diversity with an estimated total of 1, 437 terrestrial wildlife
and almost 49% of these are endemic.

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NUMBER OF SPECIES
• A species is a final branch that an organism can be differentiated into. They can be divided into
categories based on the status of their population.
Endangered-This species has a relatively small population in the wild that is rapidly declining.
Endemic-An endemic species is one that is found only in a particular region or a particular
area. These organisms are adapted to a region and are unable to grow and thrive in other
locations.
An endangered organism is one that is close to extinction due to the fact that its numbers
are declining. On the other hand, an endemic organism is one that lives in a particular region and
nowhere else on earth.

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EXTINCTION
• A species is said to be extinct when it no longer lives anywhere on the planet. Extinction
occurs when the last members of a species die because they cannot acquire the food,
water, shelter, and/or space necessary to survive.

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WHAT DOES BIODIVERSITY MEAN FOR HUMAN
HEALTH?
• People depend on biodiversity in their daily lives, in ways that are not always apparent
or appreciated.
• Human health ultimately depends upon ecosystem products and services (such as
availability of fresh water, food and fuel sources) which are requisite for good human
health and productive livelihoods.

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STATE OF PHILIPPINE BIODIVERSITY
• The Philippines is one of 18 mega-biodiverse countries of the world, containing
two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and between 70% and 80% of the world’s plant and
animal species.
• The Philippines ranks fifth in the number of plant species and maintains 5% of the
world’s flora.
• The Philippines is also one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots with at least 700
threatened species
• 42 species of land mammals, 127 species of birds, 24 species of reptiles and 14 species
of amphibians. In terms of fishes, the Philippines counts at least 3,214 species, of which
about 121 are endemic and 76 threatened.

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