Abstract: Manufacturing of Completely Biodegradable Plastic Bags
Plastic pollution is a pressing global issue, primarily due to the non-biodegradable nature of conventional
plastic bags. This project focuses on the development and manufacturing of completely biodegradable plastic
bags as an eco-friendly alternative. The bags are designed using natural polymers such as starch, vinegar,
glycerine derived from agricultural and industrial byproducts.
The manufacturing process integrates sustainable materials with innovative techniques like extrusion and
molding while ensuring the product meets essential functional requirements such as strength, flexibility, and
water resistance. The biodegradability of the bags ensures they break down into natural components like carbon
dioxide, water, and biomass when exposed to composting conditions, significantly reducing environmental
impact.
This study also explores the economic viability of scaling up production, emphasizing cost-effective raw
materials and energy-efficient processes. By promoting the use of biodegradable plastic bags, this project
contributes to reducing plastic waste and fostering a circular economy aligned with sustainable development
goals.
This initiative holds potential for addressing environmental challenges while creating market opportunities
in eco-friendly packaging solutions.
Raw materials used in completely biodegradable plastic bags manufacturing
1. Water 100 ml
2. Starch 15 ml
3. Vinegar 10 ml
4. Glycerine 10 ml
Purpose of raw materials
The raw materials used in completely biodegradable plastic bags each serve a specific purpose in the
production process, contributing to the overall functionality and biodegradability of the final product. Here's
how each material is used:
1. Water:
Water serves as a solvent in the production of biodegradable plastic bags. It helps dissolve and activate other
ingredients, making the mixture easier to process. It also aids in achieving the desired consistency for the final
plastic material. Water is essential in controlling the moisture content, which affects the flexibility and texture
of the biodegradable plastic.
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2. Potato Starch:
Potato starch is a key component in biodegradable plastic bags. It acts as the primary biopolymer,
providing the structure and strength of the plastic. Starch is naturally abundant, renewable, and biodegradable,
making it an ideal choice for producing environmentally friendly plastics. When processed, potato starch forms
a gel-like substance that can be molded into flexible plastic materials that break down naturally over time.
3. Vinegar:
Vinegar, which contains acetic acid, plays a role in the plasticization and crosslinking process. It helps
modify the starch structure, enhancing the bag's flexibility and preventing it from becoming too brittle. Vinegar
also helps control the pH of the mixture, ensuring that the chemical reactions involved in the plasticization
process occur properly, resulting in a smoother and more stable plastic material.
4. Glycerine:
Glycerine is used as a plasticizer in biodegradable plastic bags. It increases the flexibility and workability
of the starch-based material by reducing brittleness. Glycerine helps the plastic retain its pliability and makes it
less prone to cracking under stress. This is crucial for ensuring that the final product is durable and can
withstand handling while remaining biodegradable. It also contributes to the overall smoothness and finish of
the plastic material.
Together, these materials work synergistically to produce biodegradable plastic bags that are functional,
flexible, and environmentally friendly.
5.Drying:
The drying process under sunlight is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method commonly used in the
production of biodegradable plastic bags to remove excess moisture from the material after molding or film
formation.
Steps in the Sunlight Drying Process
1. Preparation:
The wet plastic material, usually in the form of sheets or films, is laid out evenly on flat surfaces, drying
racks, or trays.
The material is placed in a well-ventilated area to ensure proper air circulation.
2. Exposure to Sunlight:
The material is exposed to direct sunlight, where solar heat and natural air remove moisture.
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UV radiation from sunlight can also contribute to the partial curing or stabilization of the material.
3. Turning or Rotation:
To ensure even drying, the sheets or films are occasionally turned or rotated. This prevents uneven
drying or the formation of wrinkles in the final product.
4. Monitoring:
The drying process is monitored to avoid overexposure, which can lead to brittleness or warping of the
biodegradable material.
5. Completion:
Once the material reaches the desired level of dryness (measured by its texture and reduced moisture
content), it is collected and moved for further processing, such as cutting or shaping.
