BACHELOR OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
FIRE INVESTIGATION
KFR20701P
LAB REPORT 1 : Analysis Of Heat Transfer Through Metal Objects Under Smoky Flame
Prepared by,
NAME ID
Muhammad Nur Saiful Fitri Bin Mohd Faidzel 012020020694
Prepared for,
LECTURER : Nadiah Syariani Bte Md Shariff
PRACTICAL DATE: 24th November 2024
SUBMISSION DATE: 1st December 2024
CRITERIA SCORE
INTRODUCTION /8
METHODOLOGY /4
RESULTS /8
DISCUSSION /8
CONCLUSION & /8
Q&A
FORMATTING /4
TOTAL /40M
INTRODUCTION
Heat conduction is the transfer of heat between objects through direct contact.
When an object is heated, its molecules start vibrating and transferring heat to
neighboring molecules. This process continues as more molecules vibrate, leading
to increased heat transfer. For example, when one end of a metal rod is heated, the
heat gradually spreads until the entire rod becomes too hot to touch.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the heat conductivity in metal object under smoky flames.
To determine the average time for the heat to reach at the finger.
To study the effect of heat on different materials
MATERIALS
Copper
Aluminium
Zinc
Candle
Stopwatch
Match box
METHODOLOGY
1. Three objects with different metal were chosen.
2. Bunsen burner were already light up.
3. The first metal object were hold with my right hand on one end and the other
end were kept with midst of the flame.
4. The stopwatch were started when this process is on and the rod were hold
until the heat tolerance and the time were noted.
5. The procedure were repeated with other metal object.
6. The conductivity rate of all metals were compared.
7. The data were organised with a table and the result findings were
commented.
RESULT
Type Of Trial Time 1 Trial Time 2 Trial Time 3 Average of
Metals Time
Copper 1.15 1.10 1.18 1.14
minutes minutes minutes minutes
Aluminium 10 minutes 2 minutes 3 minutes 5 minutes
Zinc 15.45 29.56 13.56 20 minutes
minutes minutes minutes
DISCUSSION
From this experiment, we can see that copper has the highest conductivity
compared to other metals.Aluminium is the second fastest and Zinc is the longest
one. In a copper atom, the partially filled 4s energy level allows for efficient electron
conduction. When an electric field is applied to a copper wire, electrons in the
conduction band move towards the positive end, generating an electric current.
Aluminum is a highly conductive metal due to its ability to transfer valence electrons
between atoms. Its atomic structure and low density make it a popular choice for
electrical transmission wires due to its excellent electrical conductivity. Zinc atoms
cause more scattered conduction electrons, decreasing their mobility and
conductivity.
QUESTIONS
1. Explain how heat moves from one end of the metal to another end.
Heat is transferred through conduction by collisions between fast-moving
molecules near the hot end of an object and slow-moving molecules near the
cold end.
2. Which one of the given metals is the good conductor of heat and which one is
the least?Explain with your recorded data.
Copper is the best conductive as it has the shortest period of time to transfer
heat at one end of the rod. The second is Aluminium and the longest one is
Zinc. That is why we can see copper in most thermal electrical appliances.
3. Briefly explain any three thermal properties of metals.
Metals have high electrical and thermal conductivity along with high density.
They are also malleable and ductile, deforming under stress without breaking.
These characteristics are key in understanding their thermal properties.
4. Why does the frying pan manufacturer use copper metal at the bottom of the
pan?
Because Copper enables even heat distribution in pans and pots, preventing
hot spots.
CONCLUSION
As for conclusion, copper is widely use in most of electrical and thermal
appliances. This is because copper is good conductor of heat and also electricity.
Second is the aluminium and Zinc is the least popular one to be use in cooking
appliances.
REFERENCES
Study. (n.d.). https://study.com/academy/lesson/video/why-does-aluminum-foil-
conduct-electricity.html
Engineers Edge, LLC. (n.d.). Thermal properties of metals, conductivity, thermal
expansion, specific heat. Engineers Edge - Engineering and Manufacturing Solutions.
https://www.engineersedge.com/properties_of_metals.htm#
BeboMantovani. (2021, September 6). Copper cookware: The benefits of cooking
with copper at home. AllORA. https://www.allorashop.com/news/copper-cookware-
benefits/#:~:text=As%20a%20better%20heat%20conductor,stick%20to%20the
%20cooking%20surface
