United States

Department of
Agriculture

Foreign
Agricultural
World Agricultural
Service

Circular Series
Production
WAP 12-24
December 2024

Malaysia Palm Oil: Production Reduced due to Heavy Rainfall in November

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2024/25 Malaysia palm oil production at 19.3 million
metric tons, down 3 percent from last month and 2 percent from last year. Harvested area is
estimated at 5.6 million hectares, unchanged from last month, but up 1 percent from the previous
year. Yield is estimated at 3.45 tons per hectare, down 3 percent from last month and last year.

A reported six months of rain occurred in five days in late November throughout Peninsular
Malaysia which led to widespread flooding in the region. Although most of the heavy rain was
observed in the north, flooding was reported in other parts of the region as well. In total, nine states
in Peninsular Malaysia were impacted from the rain event. As a result, palm oil harvest operations
and logistics were impeded.

Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board

 Malaysia is the second largest producer of palm oil in the world, accounting for almost 25 percent
of global production. Palm oil is produced throughout most of the peninsula, but production is
mainly achieved in the central and southern parts of the region. States that were heavily impacted
by the extreme rainfall were Kelantan, Terengganu, and northern Perak, where roughly 5 percent
of palm oil output is produced. Delays in palm oil harvest will directly impact monthly crude palm
oil (CPO) output.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 In addition to the recent heavy rainfall, the Malaysian Palm Oil Board estimate in the October
report indicates CPO output is down 6 percent from last year and down 2 percent from the 5-year
average. October is the highest CPO producing month, followed by September then August.
USDA began its MY 2024/25 for Malaysia palm oil in October 2024. (For more information,
please contact Justin.Jenkins@usda.gov.)

Ukraine Sunflowerseed: Harvest Reports Indicate Higher Yields Than Expected

Ukraine sunflowerseed production for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 is estimated at 12.9 million
metric tons (mmt), up 3 percent from last month, but down 17 percent from last year. Yield is
estimated at 2.08 tons per hectare, up 3 percent from last month, but down 14 percent from last
year. Harvested area is estimated at 6.2 million hectares, unchanged from last month and down 3
percent from last year. Ukraine is the world's second largest producer of sunflowerseed, accounting
for almost 25 percent of global production.

At present, Ukraine can be divided into two zones, areas in conflict and areas not in conflict. As
elaborated by FAS/Kyiv in Ukraine, due to the ongoing war there is no official and reliable
information about the status of Ukraine’s agriculture in the conflict zone. As a result, area and
production data currently provided by FAS/Kyiv, Ukraine’s Ministry of Agriculture (MinAg), and
the State Statistical Service of Ukraine, which inform USDA’s forecasts, do not reflect the whole
country. For the MY 2024/25 season the MinAg operational field data for both the MY 2024/25

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 winter and spring crops do not cover the temporarily occupied territory of the Donetsk,
Zaporizhzhia, Luhansk and Kherson regions. MinAg also does not include Crimea. USDA crop
production estimates for Ukraine include estimated output from Crimea. Crimean area and
production numbers are extracted from the agricultural crop reports provided by the Russian
Statistical Agency, Rosstat.

This month’s increase in production is based on the official operational harvest data released by
the Ministry of Agriculture of Ukraine. Based on MinAg, harvest is about 97 percent complete as
of November 28. MinAg reports higher than initially anticipated yield for the MY 2024/25 crop;
the agency, however, cites yield that is lower year-over-year, which is consistent with the overall
challenging growing conditions this season. (For more information, please contact
Iliana.Mladenova@usda.gov.)

Argentina Soybeans: Planting Halfway Complete; Increased Harvested Area Forecast

Argentina soybean production for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 is forecast at 52.0 million metric
tons, up 2 percent from last month and 8 percent from last year. Soybean yield is forecast at 3.01
tons per hectare (t/ha), essentially unchanged from last month, and up 2 percent from last year’s
yield. Harvested area is forecast at 17.3 million hectares, up 2 percent from last month and 6
percent from last year. Argentina is the world's third largest producer of soybeans, accounting for
12 percent of global production.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 The Argentina Ministry of Agriculture published an updated planted area forecast of 17.9 mha.
This summer crop season is unique as many farmers are changing normal crop rotation patterns.
Corn area is expected to fall with the continued issues of the leafhopper insect, or chicharrita,
which causes corn stunt disease. This decrease in corn area has led to an increase in soybean
planted area since the two commodities typically are grown in similar locations. Sowing of late
planted corn will begin in earnest in December and any areas not planted to corn are expected to
be planted to other crops, with soybeans as the main replacement. As of the end of November,
soybean planting is about 47 percent complete and will continue through January. (For more
information, please contact Katie.McGaughey@usda.gov.)

Brazil Wheat: Lower Yields in Paraná Offset Year-to-Year Gains in Rio Grande do Sul

USDA estimates Brazil wheat production for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 at 8.1 million metric
tons (mmt), down 5 percent from last month, and nearly unchanged from last year and 7 percent
above the 5-year average. Harvested area is estimated at 3.0 million hectares, unchanged from last
month, down 14 percent from last year, but 10 percent above the 5-year average. Yield is estimated
at 2.70 tons per hectare, down 5 percent from last month and 2 percent below the 5-year average.
However, yield is up 16 percent from last year’s poor crop that suffered from excessive rainfall in
Rio Grande do Sul.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Wheat yields were much improved this year in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil’s largest wheat producing
state, as weather conditions normalized following the previous season’s excessive rainfall brought
on by an El Niño cycle. With El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) neutral conditions throughout
most of the season, yields were up 78 percent and production increased 57 percent, year-to-year,
according to the state agency EMATER/RS. Production is expected to reach 4.1 mmt in the state.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Drought in Paraná, Brazil’s second-largest wheat producing state, reduced yields significantly.
DERAL, the state agricultural agency, estimates a 23 percent year-to-year reduction in yields and
a 37 percent reduction in production. Satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
(NDVI) analysis indicates that vegetation health in wheat areas in Paraná declined sharply during
critical reproductive stages of the growing season. Yield losses in Paraná effectively cancel gains
in Rio Grande do Sul, resulting in national production similar to last year. (For more information,
please contact Aaron.Mulhollen@usda.gov.)

European Union Wheat: Production Reduced Based on Harvest Results

Wheat production in the European Union (EU) for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 is estimated at
121.3 million metric tons (mmt), down 1.3 mmt from last month and 10 percent below last year
and the 5-year average. Harvested area is estimated at 22.8 million hectares (mha), down 66,000
hectares (ha) from last month, down 6 percent from last year and 5 percent from the 5-year average.
Yield is estimated at 5.31 tons per hectare (t/ha), below last month’s 5.35 t/ha and 4 percent below
last year’s estimate. The EU is the world's second largest producer of wheat, accounting for 15
percent of global production.

The wheat harvest has been finished for months, but additional reductions have been made as
recent data has revealed further evidence of the crop’s sub-par performance. MY 2024/25 EU
wheat production is the lowest since MY 2012/13. The biggest reductions in the EU this month
include Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, and Italy. France, consistently the EU’s largest

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 wheat producer, had particularly unfavorable weather this year with constant and excessive rains
throughout the season. Production in France is estimated at 26.6 mmt, lower than MY 2016/17,
when similar conditions significantly reduced the harvest and crop quality. France’s wheat harvest
hasn’t been this low since MY 1983/84.

For country-specific area, yield, and production estimates within the EU, please go to PSD Online
at https://apps.fas.usda.gov/PSDOnline/app/index.html#/app/home, and select “Downloadable
Data Sets.” Select the zipped file for “EU Countries Area & Production.” (For more information,
please contact Bryan.Purcell@usda.gov.)

Philippines Rice: Production Reduced Based on Multiple Typhoons in November

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2024/25 rice production at 12.0 million metric tons (milled
basis), down 2 percent from last month and 3 percent from last year. Harvested area is estimated
at 4.6 million hectares, down 2 percent from last month and 3 percent from last year. Yield (rough
basis) is estimated at 4.14 tons per hectare, down less than 1 percent from last month, but slightly
up from last year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 An active typhoon season resulted in six storms hitting the Philippines in the month of November,
impacting rice production in the fourth quarter. Though most of them did not make direct landfall,
high winds and torrential rainfall impacted rice in the region, most notably in the Ilocos, Cagayan
Valley and Central Luzon rice producing regions. These three regions combined account for
roughly half of the fourth quarter rice output. Local reports indicated widespread flooding across
the region that led to rice fields being inundated. Though rice is a hardy crop and can withstand
short periods of flooding, area and yield impacts are more probable in extended periods of
inundation. Remotely-sensed flood analysis validated the extent of flooded rice fields from the
field reports. The preliminary extent of damage assessments was confirmed by the FAS/Manila,
in wake of the multiple storm events. Rice in the Philippines is cultivated throughout the year and
is reported quarterly. USDA’s MY begins with the third quarter, July through September. The
highest rice outputs are produced in the fourth and first quarters, which represent about 38 and 23
percent of total production, respectively. (For more information, please contact
Justin.Jenkins@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Mexico Corn: Lower Irrigation Water Availability Threatens Crop Prospects

USDA estimates Mexico corn production for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 at 23.7 million metric
tons, down 800,000 metric tons or 3 percent from last month and 10 percent from the 5-year
average, yet up 1 percent from last year’s drought-affected crop. Harvested area is estimated at 6.1
million hectares, down 3 percent from last month, unchanged from last year, and down 10 percent
from the 5-year average. Yield is estimated at 3.89 tons per hectare, unchanged from last month,
slightly down from the 5-year average, but up 1 percent from last year.

The reduction in output is attributed to low reservoir levels due to persistent dryness and high
temperatures, especially in the northwest of Mexico. The low water levels in Sinaloa are
jeopardizing fall/winter corn crop prospects resulting in lower estimates as the planting season
begins. In October, the reservoirs in Sinaloa were at 31 percent storage capacity, the lowest
October levels in the past 22 years, and reservoir storage has continued to decrease since October.
Other examples of similarly low October reservoir levels were in MY 2023/24 and MY 2011/12,
when corn production was also reduced. Irrigation is heavily used in Sinaloa, and the fall/winter
corn crop is produced during Mexico’s dry season, November to April.

The fall/winter corn season typically accounts for 30 percent of annual production, with 68 to 72
percent from Sinaloa. When the season is drier, this breakdown between Sinaloa and other winter
corn-producing states can change. For example, in the drought-afflicted MY 2023/24, an estimated
64 percent of the winter corn crop was produced in Sinaloa. That year, Tropical Storm Norma
provided a late recharge of the reservoirs in October that was viewed as largely saving the crop.
This year, the much smaller Tropical Storm Ileana provided some much-needed rain in mid-
September, but no additional storms reached Sinaloa in October or November. For the fall/winter
crop, most of the planting begins in November and harvest is from mid-April through July.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Although the prospects for Mexico's winter corn are not promising, the results from the summer
season have been better than in MY 2023/24. The spring/summer corn season for MY 2024/25,
with 70 percent of annual production, had a delayed start until late June and then experienced
improved weather conditions for the remainder of the season. The satellite-derived Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) shows improved crop conditions over last year in the major
rainfed region covering the states of Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacán, and Guanajuato.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Mexico corn has two seasons, a spring/summer season, followed by a fall/winter season. Harvest
for the spring/summer crop is underway until the end of February. (For more information, please
contact Lisa.Colson@usda.gov.)

India Cotton: Production Revised Up

USDA estimates marketing year (MY) 2024/25 cotton production for India at 25.0 million 480-
pound bales, up 4 percent from last month and down 2 percent from last year. Harvested area is
estimated at 11.8 million hectares, unchanged from last month and down 7 percent from last year
and 9 percent from the 5-year average. Yield is estimated at 461 kilograms per hectare, up 4 percent
from last month and 6 percent from last year. India is the world's second largest producer of cotton,
accounting for over 20 percent of global production.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 The four percent yield increase is due to ideal weather conditions in the latter part of the kharif
season. Although severe storms in late August damaged cotton crops in central and southern states,
farmers replanted cotton in September and October which benefited from favorable conditions.
Satellite-derived Percent of Average Seasonal Greenness (PASG) showed good crop vigor across
the cotton-growing regions of the central and southern areas due to the late withdrawal of 2024
southwest monsoon.

As of mid-November, the cotton crop in India was in varying stages of development. Early planted
cotton in northern India has been harvested. In some areas of the central and southern states the
crop was damaged from the August storms. Almost 90 percent of the replanted crops are in the
boll-opening to harvest stage. However, there are some areas in the central and southern states that
were planted in August, that have completed first pickings. Harvest will likely continue until
February. (For more information, please contact Arnella.Trent@usda.gov.)

Argentina Cotton: Increased Planted Area at the Expense of Corn Area

Argentina cotton production for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 is forecast at 1.8 million 480-lb
bales, up 9 percent from last month and 8 percent from last year. Cotton production has been
growing over the last twenty years and MY 2024/25 is forecast at the second highest level, after
the record of MY 1995/96. Cotton yield is forecast at 644 kilograms per hectare, essentially
unchanged from last month, and up 11 percent from last year. Harvested area is forecast at 600,000
hectares, up 9 percent from last month, but down 4 percent from last year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 The Argentina Ministry of Agriculture published an updated planted area forecast of 700,000 ha.
Abandonment for cotton is, on average, 4 percent, excluding the unusually high abandonment in
MY 2018/19. This summer crop season is unique as many farmers are changing normal crop
rotation patterns, especially in the northern growing regions. Corn area in the north is expected to
decrease the most with the continued issues of the leafhopper insect, chicharrita, which causes
corn stunt disease. Cotton area will replace corn area, especially in Chaco and Santiago del Estero
provinces. Planting began in mid-October and as of the end of November, is about a third complete.
(For more information, please contact Katie.McGaughey@usda.gov.)

African Franc Zone Cotton: Production Prospects Lowered from Decline in Area

USDA estimates African Franc Zone cotton production for marketing year (MY) 2024/25 at 4.7
million 480-pound bales, down 0.1 million bales (2 percent) from last month and 0.3 million bales
(6 percent) from last year’s crop. Harvested area is estimated at 2.4 million hectares, down
206,000 hectares (8 percent) from last month and 225,000 hectares (9 percent) from last year. The
estimated yield of 423 kilograms per hectare is up 2 percent from last year’s yield and 6 percent
from the 5-year average yield. Area declines were reported in most countries due to localized
flooding, high input costs, low farm gate prices, and civil conflict in Burkina Faso.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 14 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Cotton is sown from late May through mid-July and ginning season is from late October through
April. Seasonal rainfall was average to above-average for all countries and insect pressures
(jassid) were reported to be low to moderate, with average jassid infestations observed in most
countries during September. Localized flooding was reported in several countries that resulted in
area losses and potential yield losses from rotting bolls. Burkina Faso’s planted cotton area was
down 117,000 hectares from the previous year due to civil conflict, and Mali’s cotton area was
down 85,000 hectares due to delayed rains during planting, late distribution of urea, and late
cotton payments to farmers after harvesting last year’s crop.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 15 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 African Franc Zone, as defined by WASDE, includes the following ten countries in order of MY
2024/25 production: Benin (1260 thousand bales), Mali (1070), Cote d’Ivoire (730), Cameroon
(680), Burkina Faso (600), Chad (165), Togo (130), Central African Republic (36), Senegal (27),
and Niger (9). (For more information, please contact Curt.Reynolds@usda.gov.)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 World Agricultural Production
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service / Global Market Analysis
International Production Assessment Division (IPAD)
GMA/IPAD Room 5071, South Building
1400 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20250-1051
https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/

This report uses information from the Foreign Agricultural Service’s (FAS) global network of
agricultural attachés and counselors, official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign
source materials, and the analysis of economic data and satellite imagery. Estimates of foreign
area, yield, and production are from the International Production Assessment Division (IPAD),
FAS, and are reviewed by USDA’s Inter-Agency Commodity Estimates Committee. Estimates of
U.S. area, yield, and production are from USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service.
Numbers within the report may not add to totals because of rounding. This report reflects official
USDA estimates released in the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE-
584), December 10, 2024.

The FAS International Production Assessment Division prepared this report. The next issue of
World Agricultural Production will be released after 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time, January 10, 2025.

Conversion Table

Metric tons to bushels

Wheat, soybeans = MT * 36.7437

Corn, sorghum, rye = MT * 39.36825
Barley = MT * 45.929625
Oats = MT * 68.894438

Metric tons to 480-lb bales

Cotton = MT * 4.592917

Metric tons to hundredweight

Rice = MT * 22.04622

Area & weight

1 hectare = 2.471044 acres
1 kilogram = 2.204622 pounds

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 For further information, contact:
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service
Global Market Analysis
International Production Assessment Division
GMA/IPAD Room 5071, South Building
1400 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20250-1051

GENERAL INFORMATION

Senior Director Ronald Frantz 202-720-4056 ronald.frantz@usda.gov

Director Robert Tetrault 202-720-1071 robert.tetrault@usda.gov
USDA Remote Sensing Advisor Vacant
Sr. Analyst/Technical Lead Curt Reynolds, Ph.D. 202-690-0134 curt.reynolds@usda.gov
Sr. Analyst/ Satellite Imagery Dath Mita, Ph.D. 202-720-7339 dath.mita@usda.gov
Archives Manager/Technical Lead
Sr. Analyst/Technical Lead Vacant
GIS Mapping/Imagery Analyst Lisa Colson 202-720-6652 lisa.colson@usda.gov
WAP Coordinators Shannon Moyo 771-221-5973 shannon.moyo@usda.gov
Vacant

ANALYSIS REGIONS ANALYST CONTACT INFORMATION

Brazil Aaron Mulhollen 202-690-0131 aaron.mulhollen@usda.gov

South America (except Brazil), and Katie McGaughey 202-720-9210 katie.mcgaughey@usda.gov

Central Asia

Europe, North Africa, and Middle East Bryan Purcell 202-690-0138 bryan.purcell@usda.gov

India, Pakistan, and South Asia Arnella Trent 202-720-0881 arnella.trent@usda.gov

China and East Asia Dath Mita, Ph.D. 202-720-7339 dath.mita@usda.gov

South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa Curt Reynolds, Ph.D. 202-690-0134 curt.reynolds@usda.gov

Indonesia and Southeast Asia Justin Jenkins 202-720-0419 justin.jenkins@usda.gov

Mexico and Central America Lisa Colson 202-720-6652 lisa.colson@usda.gov

Canada, Caribbean, and Australia Shannon Moyo 771-221-5973 shannon.moyo@usda.gov

Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Iliana Mladenova, Ph.D. 202-690-2315 iliana.mladenova@usda.gov

and Belarus

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD)
database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply
and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:15 p.m.

FAS Reports and Databases:

World Agricultural Production

Current: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/world-agricultural-production
Archive: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/concern/publications/5q47rn72z?locale=en
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) publishes a monthly report on crop acreage, yield and production in major
countries worldwide. Sources include reporting from FAS’s worldwide offices, official statistics of foreign
governments, and analysis of economic data and satellite imagery. The reports reflect official USDA estimates
released in the monthly World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE).

World Markets and Trade

Current: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data
Archive:
https://usda.library.cornell.edu/catalog?f%5Bmember_of_collections_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Foreign+Agricultural+Se
rvice&locale=en
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) publishes monthly and quarterly reports which include data on U.S. and
global trade, production, consumption and stocks, as well as analysis of developments affecting world trade in
oilseeds, grains, cotton, livestock and poultry. The reports reflect official USDA estimates released in the monthly
World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE).

Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN)

https://gain.fas.usda.gov/
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides timely reports on foreign markets through the Global
Agriculture Information Network (GAIN) database. An average of 2,000 reports are added each year, with reports
going back to 1995. GAIN reports are compiled by FAS’ global market intelligence network, which includes FAS
foreign service officers and locally engaged staff in over 90 overseas offices world-wide. They provide on-the-ground
intelligence, insight, and analysis on nearly 200 countries, delivering information on foreign agricultural markets, crop
conditions, and agro-political dynamics of interest to U.S. agriculture. GAIN reports contain assessments of
commodity and trade issues made by USDA staff and are not necessarily statements of official U.S. government
policy.
Production, Supply and Distribution (PS&D) Online
https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/home
PSD Online is the public repository for USDA’s Official Production, Supply and Distribution forecast data and reports
for key agricultural commodities. PSD Online data are reviewed and updated monthly by an interagency committee
chaired by USDA’s World Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB). The committee consist of representatives from
Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS), the Economic Research Service (ERS), the Farm Service Agency (FSA), and the
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS).

EU Countries and Russia Wheat: Area and Production Estimates

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/downloads (click on PSD Datasets)
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides country-level area and production estimates for the nations of
the European Union. For Russia, country-level area and production estimates are provided for Winter and Spring
wheat. These datasets are reviewed and updated monthly by an interagency committee chaired by USDA’s World
Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) and can be downloaded through PSD datasets on PSD Online.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 FAS Reports and Databases:

International Production Assessment (IPAD)

https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) maintains a dynamic global crop production portal with key information
including World Agricultural Production (WAP) briefs, Commodity Intelligence Reports (CIR), geospatial
applications, crop production maps at a subnational level and crop calendars for the top-20 producing countries.
Additionally, Crop Explorer (https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/) displays rainfall, temperature,
evapotranspiration, soil moisture, snow cover, and vegetation conditions in charts and maps.

USDA and NASA Global Agricultural Monitoring (GLAM)

https://glam1.gsfc.nasa.gov/
The USDA and NASA Global Agricultural Monitoring (GLAM) system provides near real-time and science quality
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from
the satellites Terra and Aqua. The public can view and retrieve MODIS 8-day composited, global NDVI satellite
imagery and time series data. GLAM was developed by NASA’s Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies
(GIMMS) group for USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service.

Global Agricultural and Disaster Assessment System (GADAS)

https://geo.fas.usda.gov/GADAS/index.html
USDA's Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) provides the Global Agricultural and Disaster Assessment System
(GADAS), a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) tool which integrates a vast array of highly detailed
earth observation data streams, particularly targeted towards agricultural and disaster assessment analysis. GADAS is
an interactive website which provides analysts with a wide variety of routine geospatial products (maps, charts, tables)
they require for comprehensive situational investigations and recurring assessments.

Export Sales Reporting

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/esrquery/
USDA’s Export Sales Reporting Program monitors U.S. agricultural export sales on a daily and weekly basis. Export
sales reporting provides a constant stream of up-to-date market information for 40 U.S. agricultural commodities sold
abroad. The weekly U.S. Export Sales report is the most currently available source of U.S. exports sales data. The data
is used to analyze overall levels of export demand, determine where markets exit, and assess the relative position of
U.S. commodities in foreign markets.

Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS)

https://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/default.aspx
The Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS) is a searchable database containing monthly U.S. Census Bureau trade
data organized by agricultural commodity and agricultural related product groups. Trade data is searchable by partner
countries and partner groups. Historical U.S. agricultural trade data is available back to 1967. In addition, U.N. trade
statistics (UN Comtrade) may be queried through GATS. UN trade data is available for nearly 200 countries or areas,
dating from the inception of the Harmonized System (HS) of trade codes in 1989 to present. The database is
continuously updated. U.S. trade data is updated monthly according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s reporting system.
UN Comtrade data are updated in GATS after nationally submitted data to the UN are standardized by the UN
Statistical Division and added to the UN Comtrade database.

Other USDA Reports:

World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE):
http://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/
Economic Research Service:
http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/crops
National Agricultural Statistics Service:
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 01 World Crop Production Summary
Million Metric Tons
World Total North North North Former Former Europea Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia South South Selected Selected Selected All
- Foreign America America America Soviet Soviet n (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) (WAP) America America Other Other Other Others
Commodity
none none United Canada Mexico Russia Ukraine none China India Indo- Paki- Thai- Argen- Brazil Aus- South Turkey none
- - States - - - - - - - nesia stan land tina - tralia Africa - -

---Million metric tons---

Wheat
2022/23 789.9 745.0 44.9 34.8 3.6 92.0 21.5 nr 137.7 104.0 0.0 26.2 0.0 12.6 10.6 40.5 2.1 17.3 242.1
2023/24 prel. 791.2 742.1 49.1 32.9 3.5 91.5 23.0 nr 136.6 110.6 0.0 28.2 0.0 15.9 8.1 26.0 2.1 21.0 243.0
2024/25 proj.
Nov 794.7 741.1 53.7 35.0 2.6 81.5 22.9 nr 140.0 113.3 0.0 31.4 0.0 17.5 8.5 32.0 2.0 19.0 235.4
Dec 792.9 739.3 53.7 35.0 2.6 81.5 22.9 nr 140.0 113.3 0.0 31.4 0.0 17.5 8.1 32.0 2.0 19.0 234.0

Coarse Grains
2022/23 1,455.5 1,099.0 356.4 30.5 33.9 44.1 33.9 nr 285.9 56.8 12.4 11.3 5.4 43.9 143.5 18.8 17.5 14.8 346.2
2023/24 prel. 1,505.9 1,103.0 402.9 27.5 28.8 42.5 39.8 nr 297.4 57.2 12.7 10.2 5.4 58.4 127.8 14.4 13.9 17.0 349.9
2024/25 proj.
Nov 1,499.7 1,102.4 397.3 26.3 29.9 34.5 32.4 nr 300.3 57.6 13.2 9.8 5.5 60.3 133.5 16.3 17.6 14.7 350.6
Dec 1,499.1 1,101.8 397.3 27.5 29.1 34.5 33.2 nr 300.6 57.6 12.8 9.8 5.5 60.3 133.5 15.8 17.6 14.7 349.5

Rice, Milled
2022/23 516.7 511.6 5.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 nr 145.9 135.8 33.9 7.3 20.9 0.8 6.8 0.4 0.0 0.6 158.5
2023/24 prel. 522.6 515.7 6.9 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0 nr 144.6 137.8 33.0 9.9 20.0 0.8 7.2 0.4 0.0 0.5 160.5
2024/25 proj.
Nov 533.8 526.8 7.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 nr 146.0 145.0 34.0 10.0 20.1 0.9 7.5 0.4 0.0 0.6 161.4
Dec 533.7 526.7 7.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 nr 146.0 145.0 34.0 10.0 20.1 1.0 8.0 0.3 0.0 0.6 160.8

Total Grains
2022/23 2,762.1 2,355.7 406.4 65.3 37.6 136.7 55.4 nr 569.6 296.5 46.3 44.9 26.3 57.2 160.9 59.8 19.6 32.7 746.8
2023/24 prel. 2,819.7 2,360.8 458.9 60.5 32.4 134.7 62.8 nr 578.6 305.5 45.7 48.3 25.4 75.0 143.1 40.9 16.0 38.6 753.4
2024/25 proj.
Nov 2,828.2 2,370.3 457.9 61.3 32.6 116.8 55.3 nr 586.3 315.9 47.2 51.2 25.6 78.7 149.5 48.6 19.6 34.2 747.4
Dec 2,825.8 2,367.8 457.9 62.5 31.8 116.8 56.1 nr 586.6 315.9 46.8 51.2 25.6 78.7 149.6 48.1 19.6 34.2 744.4

Oilseeds
2022/23 637.4 511.6 125.8 25.5 0.9 26.6 19.8 nr 67.9 42.3 14.7 2.7 1.0 31.5 166.9 9.8 3.8 4.0 94.3
2023/24 prel. 657.5 535.3 122.2 26.3 0.6 28.1 25.5 nr 69.1 41.4 13.9 3.8 1.1 54.2 158.8 7.3 2.8 3.1 99.3
2024/25 proj.
Nov 682.2 551.1 131.1 27.2 0.6 28.3 22.7 nr 68.3 43.1 15.0 3.1 1.1 57.0 175.7 6.8 3.9 3.2 95.0
Dec 683.4 552.2 131.2 26.4 0.6 28.6 23.3 nr 68.3 43.5 15.0 3.1 1.1 58.2 175.8 7.0 3.9 3.2 94.3

Cotton
2022/23 116.3 101.8 14.5 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.6 30.8 26.3 0.0 3.9 0.0 1.2 11.7 5.8 0.1 4.9 14.0
2023/24 prel. 113.0 100.9 12.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.0 27.4 25.4 0.0 7.0 0.0 1.7 14.6 5.0 0.1 3.2 14.8
2024/25 proj.
Nov 116.2 102.0 14.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.3 28.2 24.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 1.6 16.8 5.0 0.1 4.0 14.7
Dec 117.4 103.1 14.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.3 28.2 25.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 1.8 16.9 5.0 0.1 4.0 14.6

1/ Includes wheat, coarse grains, and rice (milled) shown above.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 02 Wheat Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 219.64 223.05 222.22 222.18 3.60 3.55 3.58 3.57 789.89 791.24 794.73 792.95 -1.78 -0.22 1.71 0.22
United States 14.36 15.01 15.57 15.57 3.13 3.27 3.45 3.45 44.90 49.10 53.65 53.65 0.00 0.00 4.56 9.28
Total Foreign 205.28 208.05 206.65 206.62 3.63 3.57 3.59 3.58 744.99 742.14 741.08 739.30 -1.78 -0.24 -2.85 -0.38
none
European Union 24.44 24.34 22.90 22.83 5.50 5.55 5.35 5.31 134.49 135.10 122.60 121.30 -1.30 -1.06 -13.80 -10.21
United Kingdom 1.81 1.72 1.40 1.40 8.57 8.13 7.89 7.89 15.54 13.98 11.05 11.05 0.00 0.00 -2.93 -20.96
Serbia 0.62 0.73 0.63 0.63 5.32 4.69 4.80 4.80 3.30 3.40 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -11.76
China 23.52 23.63 23.70 23.70 5.86 5.78 5.91 5.91 137.72 136.59 140.00 140.00 0.00 0.00 3.41 2.50
South Asia
India 30.46 31.40 31.83 31.83 3.41 3.52 3.56 3.56 104.00 110.55 113.29 113.29 0.00 0.00 2.74 2.48
Pakistan 8.98 9.03 9.63 9.63 2.92 3.12 3.26 3.26 26.21 28.16 31.40 31.40 0.00 0.00 3.24 11.50
Afghanistan 1.86 2.35 2.30 2.30 2.05 2.20 2.26 2.26 3.80 5.17 5.20 5.20 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.58
Nepal 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 2.98 2.90 2.92 2.92 2.15 2.09 2.10 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.48
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 29.00 28.83 28.00 28.00 3.17 3.17 2.91 2.91 92.00 91.50 81.50 81.50 0.00 0.00 -10.00 -10.93
Russia Winter 16.30 15.27 15.80 15.80 4.17 4.19 3.64 3.64 68.00 64.00 57.50 57.50 0.00 0.00 -6.50 -10.16
Russia Spring 12.70 13.56 12.20 12.20 1.89 2.03 1.97 1.97 24.00 27.50 24.00 24.00 0.00 0.00 -3.50 -12.73
Ukraine 5.60 5.01 5.20 5.20 3.84 4.59 4.40 4.40 21.50 23.00 22.90 22.90 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -0.43
Kazakhstan 12.81 13.13 13.00 13.00 1.28 0.92 1.38 1.38 16.40 12.11 18.00 18.00 0.00 0.00 5.89 48.63
Uzbekistan 1.26 1.40 1.30 1.30 4.99 4.62 5.15 5.15 6.27 6.46 6.70 6.70 0.00 0.00 0.24 3.68
Belarus 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.69 3.48 3.38 3.80 3.80 2.35 2.30 2.60 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.30 13.04
Canada 10.10 10.70 10.60 10.65 3.45 3.08 3.30 3.28 34.81 32.95 35.00 34.96 -0.04 -0.12 2.01 6.11
South America
Argentina 5.50 5.58 6.00 6.00 2.28 2.84 2.92 2.92 12.55 15.85 17.50 17.50 0.00 0.00 1.65 10.41
Brazil 3.09 3.47 3.00 3.00 3.42 2.33 2.83 2.70 10.55 8.10 8.50 8.10 -0.40 -4.71 0.00 0.04
Australia 13.05 12.37 13.00 13.00 3.11 2.10 2.46 2.46 40.55 25.96 32.00 32.00 0.00 0.00 6.04 23.27
Africa
Egypt 1.45 1.35 1.40 1.40 6.55 6.57 6.57 6.57 9.50 8.87 9.20 9.20 0.00 0.00 0.33 3.72
Morocco 2.44 2.50 2.20 2.20 1.11 1.66 1.12 1.12 2.71 4.16 2.47 2.47 0.00 0.00 -1.69 -40.63
Algeria 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 2.00 1.50 1.67 1.67 3.60 2.70 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 11.11
Ethiopia 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 3.05 3.05 3.16 3.16 5.80 5.80 6.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 3.45
Middle East
Turkey 6.80 7.20 7.25 7.25 2.54 2.92 2.62 2.62 17.25 21.00 19.00 19.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00 -9.52
Iran 6.20 6.20 6.20 6.20 2.13 2.26 2.34 2.34 13.20 14.00 14.50 14.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 3.57
Iraq 2.10 2.60 2.70 2.70 1.52 2.00 2.22 2.22 3.20 5.20 6.00 6.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 15.38
Syria 1.18 1.50 1.30 1.30 1.31 2.03 2.15 2.15 1.55 3.03 2.80 2.80 0.00 0.00 -0.23 -7.68
Mexico 0.60 0.56 0.46 0.46 6.06 6.21 5.65 5.65 3.61 3.48 2.60 2.60 0.00 0.00 -0.88 -25.20
Others 7.34 7.36 7.55 7.53 2.78 2.81 2.94 2.94 20.38 20.64 22.17 22.13 -0.04 -0.18 1.49 7.21

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 December 2024
Global Market Analysis
 Table 03 Total Coarse Grain Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 337.89 338.86 335.63 335.51 4.31 4.44 4.47 4.47 1,455.50 1,505.86 1,499.71 1,499.13 -0.58 -0.04 -6.74 -0.45
United States 35.18 38.99 36.89 36.89 10.13 10.33 10.77 10.77 356.45 402.88 397.28 397.28 0.00 0.00 -5.60 -1.39
Total Foreign 302.72 299.87 298.74 298.62 3.63 3.68 3.69 3.69 1,099.05 1,102.98 1,102.43 1,101.85 -0.58 -0.05 -1.14 -0.10
none
China 45.58 46.71 47.14 47.20 6.27 6.37 6.37 6.37 285.89 297.38 300.30 300.55 0.25 0.08 3.17 1.07
European Union 26.59 26.13 26.25 26.20 5.01 5.23 5.24 5.21 133.11 136.78 137.56 136.41 -1.15 -0.84 -0.37 -0.27
United Kingdom 1.37 1.38 1.47 1.47 6.33 5.87 5.72 5.72 8.67 8.08 8.43 8.43 0.00 0.00 0.35 4.30
South America
Brazil 24.45 23.62 24.51 24.51 5.87 5.41 5.45 5.45 143.49 127.81 133.53 133.52 0.00 0.00 5.72 4.47
Argentina 9.66 9.32 8.91 8.91 4.55 6.26 6.77 6.77 43.91 58.37 60.29 60.29 0.00 0.00 1.92 3.29
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 13.60 12.88 11.85 11.85 3.25 3.30 2.91 2.91 44.13 42.54 34.50 34.50 0.00 0.00 -8.04 -18.90
Ukraine 6.32 6.24 5.95 6.05 5.37 6.38 5.45 5.49 33.93 39.78 32.42 33.24 0.82 2.51 -6.54 -16.45
Kazakhstan 2.63 2.87 2.65 2.65 1.79 1.40 1.83 1.83 4.71 4.01 4.84 4.84 0.00 0.00 0.83 20.77
Belarus 1.03 1.05 1.18 1.18 3.11 3.09 3.39 3.39 3.20 3.23 3.98 3.98 0.00 0.00 0.75 23.22
Africa
Nigeria 13.50 13.40 13.50 13.50 1.61 1.42 1.45 1.45 21.70 19.01 19.60 19.60 0.00 0.00 0.59 3.09
South Africa 3.13 3.20 3.34 3.34 5.61 4.35 5.27 5.26 17.53 13.91 17.60 17.56 -0.05 -0.26 3.65 26.22
Tanzania 5.30 5.50 5.60 5.60 1.36 1.51 1.67 1.67 7.23 8.33 9.33 9.33 0.00 0.00 1.00 12.01
Burkina Faso 4.09 4.20 4.20 4.20 1.16 1.12 1.13 1.13 4.73 4.72 4.75 4.75 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.74
Ethiopia 5.45 5.41 5.64 5.64 3.21 3.25 3.18 3.18 17.47 17.56 17.91 17.91 0.00 0.00 0.35 1.99
Egypt 1.10 1.12 1.09 1.09 7.52 7.19 7.22 7.22 8.28 8.07 7.88 7.88 0.00 0.00 -0.19 -2.35
Mali 5.20 4.80 4.90 4.90 1.38 1.43 1.43 1.43 7.15 6.86 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 2.07
India 23.90 25.02 24.85 24.85 2.38 2.28 2.32 2.32 56.78 57.16 57.60 57.60 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.78
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 3.50 3.70 3.80 3.60 3.54 3.43 3.47 3.56 12.40 12.70 13.20 12.80 -0.40 -3.03 0.10 0.79
Philippines 2.54 2.49 2.55 2.55 3.28 3.25 3.25 3.25 8.32 8.10 8.30 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.47
Vietnam 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.85 4.99 5.00 5.06 5.06 4.42 4.35 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -1.15
Thailand 1.21 1.25 1.26 1.26 4.47 4.29 4.34 4.34 5.40 5.35 5.45 5.45 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.87
Mexico 8.64 7.70 7.95 7.75 3.92 3.74 3.76 3.75 33.88 28.82 29.86 29.06 -0.80 -2.68 0.24 0.83
Canada 5.74 5.24 4.94 5.05 5.32 5.25 5.33 5.45 30.54 27.52 26.33 27.52 1.19 4.53 0.00 -0.01
Australia 5.69 5.63 5.91 5.90 3.31 2.56 2.75 2.67 18.84 14.44 16.27 15.77 -0.50 -3.07 1.33 9.17
Middle East
Turkey 4.57 4.59 4.55 4.55 3.25 3.72 3.22 3.22 14.84 17.05 14.66 14.66 0.00 0.00 -2.39 -13.99
Iran 1.86 1.86 1.81 1.81 2.38 2.38 2.50 2.50 4.42 4.42 4.52 4.52 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.26
Others 75.22 73.71 72.11 72.18 1.65 1.72 1.69 1.69 124.09 126.64 122.03 122.09 0.06 0.05 -4.55 -3.59

World and Selected Countries and Regions; Coarse Grain includes: Barley, Corn, Millet, Mixed Grains, Oats, Rye and Sorghum

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 04 Corn Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 202.23 205.27 203.07 202.72 5.75 5.99 6.00 6.01 1,163.38 1,229.63 1,219.40 1,217.89 -1.51 -0.12 -11.74 -0.95
United States 31.85 35.01 33.47 33.47 10.89 11.13 11.49 11.49 346.74 389.67 384.64 384.64 0.00 0.00 -5.02 -1.29
Total Foreign 170.38 170.26 169.60 169.25 4.79 4.93 4.92 4.92 816.64 839.96 834.76 833.25 -1.51 -0.18 -6.71 -0.80
none
China 43.07 44.22 44.70 44.70 6.44 6.53 6.53 6.53 277.20 288.84 292.00 292.00 0.00 0.00 3.16 1.09
South America
Brazil 22.40 21.50 22.30 22.30 6.12 5.67 5.70 5.70 137.00 122.00 127.00 127.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 4.10
Argentina 7.20 7.00 6.40 6.40 5.14 7.14 7.97 7.97 37.00 50.00 51.00 51.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 2.00
Bolivia 0.47 0.44 0.43 0.43 2.67 2.49 2.56 2.56 1.26 1.09 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.38
European Union 8.85 8.32 8.62 8.60 5.92 7.43 6.82 6.74 52.38 61.87 58.80 58.00 -0.80 -1.36 -3.87 -6.25
Africa
South Africa 2.95 3.00 3.15 3.15 5.81 4.47 5.40 5.40 17.10 13.40 17.00 17.00 0.00 0.00 3.60 26.87
Nigeria 5.80 5.70 5.50 5.50 2.23 1.94 2.00 2.00 12.95 11.05 11.00 11.00 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.48
Ethiopia 2.55 2.50 2.55 2.55 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 10.20 10.00 10.20 10.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.00
Egypt 0.93 0.95 0.92 0.92 8.00 7.58 7.61 7.61 7.44 7.20 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -2.78
Tanzania 4.00 4.20 4.30 4.30 1.48 1.67 1.86 1.86 5.90 7.00 8.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 14.29
Malawi 1.75 1.79 1.50 1.50 2.12 1.96 1.93 1.93 3.72 3.51 2.90 2.90 0.00 0.00 -0.61 -17.38
Zambia 1.12 1.42 0.69 0.69 2.43 2.30 2.20 2.20 2.71 3.26 1.51 1.51 0.00 0.00 -1.75 -53.72
Kenya 2.16 2.20 2.15 2.15 1.43 1.95 1.86 1.86 3.09 4.28 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 -0.28 -6.63
Uganda 2.15 2.27 2.30 2.30 2.20 2.18 2.17 2.17 4.74 4.95 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.11
Zimbabwe 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 1.45 1.50 0.71 0.71 1.45 1.50 0.64 0.64 0.00 0.00 -0.87 -57.67
Former Soviet Union - 12
Ukraine 4.05 4.20 4.10 4.10 6.67 7.74 6.39 6.46 27.00 32.50 26.20 26.50 0.30 1.15 -6.00 -18.46
Russia 2.64 2.40 2.50 2.50 6.00 6.92 5.20 5.20 15.83 16.60 13.00 13.00 0.00 0.00 -3.60 -21.69
South Asia
India 10.74 11.24 10.80 10.80 3.54 3.35 3.52 3.52 38.09 37.67 38.00 38.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.89
Pakistan 1.72 1.64 1.50 1.50 6.39 6.00 6.33 6.33 10.99 9.85 9.50 9.50 0.00 0.00 -0.35 -3.52
Nepal 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.72 2.72 2.72 2.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 3.50 3.70 3.80 3.60 3.54 3.43 3.47 3.56 12.40 12.70 13.20 12.80 -0.40 -3.03 0.10 0.79
Philippines 2.54 2.49 2.55 2.55 3.28 3.25 3.25 3.25 8.32 8.10 8.30 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.47
Vietnam 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.85 4.99 5.00 5.06 5.06 4.42 4.35 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -1.15
Thailand 1.18 1.22 1.23 1.23 4.53 4.34 4.39 4.39 5.35 5.30 5.40 5.40 0.00 0.00 0.10 1.89
Mexico 6.89 6.10 6.30 6.10 4.07 3.85 3.89 3.89 28.08 23.50 24.50 23.70 -0.80 -3.27 0.20 0.85
Canada 1.44 1.52 1.45 1.45 10.07 10.15 10.48 10.59 14.54 15.42 15.20 15.35 0.15 0.95 -0.08 -0.49
Turkey 0.53 0.65 0.56 0.56 12.83 12.92 12.50 12.50 6.80 8.40 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -1.40 -16.67
Others 26.90 26.76 26.59 26.66 2.53 2.72 2.64 2.64 67.98 72.91 70.29 70.34 0.04 0.06 -2.57 -3.53

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 24 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 05 Barley Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 47.13 47.07 45.66 45.79 3.20 3.04 3.11 3.10 150.97 143.26 141.80 142.08 0.28 0.20 -1.18 -0.83
United States 0.98 1.04 0.76 0.76 3.86 3.89 4.13 4.13 3.79 4.05 3.13 3.13 0.00 0.00 -0.92 -22.70
Total Foreign 46.15 46.03 44.90 45.03 3.19 3.02 3.09 3.09 147.19 139.21 138.67 138.95 0.28 0.20 -0.26 -0.19
none
European Union 10.32 10.37 10.35 10.32 5.02 4.61 4.90 4.88 51.83 47.81 50.75 50.40 -0.35 -0.69 2.59 5.41
United Kingdom 1.12 1.14 1.20 1.20 6.62 6.12 6.00 6.00 7.39 6.96 7.20 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.24 3.40
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 7.75 7.65 6.70 6.70 2.77 2.68 2.46 2.46 21.50 20.50 16.50 16.50 0.00 0.00 -4.00 -19.51
Ukraine 1.95 1.68 1.50 1.60 3.13 3.78 3.60 3.69 6.10 6.35 5.40 5.90 0.50 9.26 -0.45 -7.09
Kazakhstan 2.18 2.43 2.25 2.25 1.51 1.08 1.60 1.60 3.29 2.61 3.60 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.99 37.72
Belarus 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 2.75 2.75 3.00 3.00 1.10 1.10 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 9.09
Azerbaijan 0.39 0.36 0.36 0.36 2.85 2.99 3.06 3.06 1.10 1.07 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 3.09
Canada 2.64 2.70 2.32 2.39 3.79 3.29 3.23 3.40 9.99 8.91 7.50 8.14 0.64 8.59 -0.76 -8.55
Australia 4.13 4.20 4.45 4.44 3.43 2.57 2.74 2.64 14.14 10.80 12.20 11.70 -0.50 -4.10 0.90 8.33
Middle East
Turkey 3.80 3.70 3.75 3.75 1.95 2.16 1.87 1.87 7.40 8.00 7.00 7.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 -12.50
Iran 1.65 1.65 1.60 1.60 1.82 1.82 1.94 1.94 3.00 3.00 3.10 3.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.33
Iraq 0.21 0.16 1.00 1.00 1.12 1.29 1.40 1.40 0.24 0.20 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00 1.20 600.00
Syria 1.12 1.43 1.10 1.10 0.16 0.88 1.09 1.09 0.18 1.26 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -4.38
Africa
Ethiopia 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 2.22 2.50 2.54 2.54 2.18 2.45 2.49 2.49 0.00 0.00 0.04 1.43
Morocco 1.14 1.17 0.80 0.80 0.61 1.15 0.83 0.83 0.70 1.35 0.66 0.66 0.00 0.00 -0.69 -51.11
Algeria 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.37 1.00 1.17 1.17 1.40 1.03 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.18 17.07
Tunisia 0.30 0.11 0.35 0.35 1.74 0.83 1.57 1.57 0.52 0.09 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.46 511.11
South Africa 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 2.99 3.49 4.00 3.70 0.30 0.38 0.40 0.37 -0.03 -7.50 -0.01 -1.86
South America
Argentina 1.59 1.30 1.25 1.25 2.95 3.92 3.92 3.92 4.70 5.10 4.90 4.90 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -3.92
Uruguay 0.21 0.18 0.19 0.19 4.25 4.44 4.34 4.34 0.90 0.80 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.03 3.13
Brazil 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.12 3.89 2.90 3.83 3.83 0.50 0.39 0.46 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.07 17.65
India 0.45 0.63 0.55 0.55 3.03 3.05 3.08 3.08 1.37 1.91 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 -0.21 -11.19
China 0.56 0.50 0.50 0.50 3.91 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.19 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 2.69 2.69 2.69 2.69 0.80 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Afghanistan 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.07 1.53 1.38 1.43 1.43 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -9.09
Others 1.67 1.67 1.70 1.69 2.58 2.55 2.63 2.64 4.30 4.25 4.46 4.47 0.02 0.34 0.22 5.12

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 25 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 06 Oats Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 9.39 8.41 8.61 8.72 2.72 2.31 2.55 2.58 25.54 19.40 21.95 22.54 0.59 2.70 3.14 16.17
United States 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.36 2.35 2.46 2.74 2.74 0.84 0.83 0.98 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.16 18.84
Total Foreign 9.03 8.07 8.25 8.36 2.74 2.30 2.54 2.58 24.70 18.57 20.96 21.55 0.59 2.83 2.98 16.05
none
European Union 2.35 2.30 2.40 2.40 3.20 2.58 3.17 3.17 7.51 5.93 7.60 7.60 0.00 0.00 1.67 28.14
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 2.13 1.77 1.70 1.70 2.11 1.86 1.91 1.91 4.50 3.30 3.25 3.25 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -1.52
Ukraine 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.17 2.47 2.53 2.35 2.35 0.38 0.43 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -6.98
Belarus 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 2.42 2.26 2.06 2.06 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -8.57
Kazakhstan 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 1.16 0.79 1.58 1.58 0.23 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.15 100.00
Canada 1.40 0.83 0.95 0.99 3.73 3.20 3.17 3.38 5.23 2.64 3.00 3.36 0.36 11.93 0.72 27.05
South America
Argentina 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.30 1.67 2.03 2.00 2.00 0.43 0.57 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.04 6.19
Brazil 0.50 0.52 0.49 0.49 2.39 1.89 2.16 2.16 1.19 0.98 1.06 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.08 7.72
Chile 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 4.63 5.39 4.75 4.75 0.33 0.46 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.02 3.71
Uruguay 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 2.40 2.20 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 36.36
Oceania
Australia 0.75 0.70 0.73 0.73 2.13 1.43 1.66 1.66 1.59 1.00 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 20.00
New Zealand 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.60 6.50 6.25 6.25 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.85
China 0.43 0.46 0.41 0.47 1.84 1.83 1.48 1.83 0.79 0.84 0.60 0.85 0.25 41.67 0.01 1.19
Africa
Algeria 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.31 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Morocco 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.31 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.04 1.46 2.33 1.83 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.06 -0.02 -21.43 0.01 34.15
Other Europe
United Kingdom 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.20 5.72 4.97 5.00 5.00 1.01 0.83 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 20.48
Norway 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 4.62 4.29 4.29 4.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.80 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Albania 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 4.00 3.43 3.43 3.43 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Turkey 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 2.64 2.60 2.62 2.62 0.37 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.62
Mexico 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.04 2.22 2.20 2.00 2.00 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 45.45
Others 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.05 1.63 1.68 1.78 1.78 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -12.77

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 07 Rye Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 3.69 3.66 3.41 3.41 3.29 3.20 3.20 3.22 12.15 11.70 10.93 10.99 0.06 0.57 -0.72 -6.12
United States 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.16 2.26 2.03 2.29 2.29 0.32 0.26 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.11 41.67
Total Foreign 3.55 3.53 3.25 3.25 3.33 3.25 3.25 3.27 11.83 11.44 10.55 10.61 0.06 0.59 -0.83 -7.22
none
European Union 1.77 1.88 1.75 1.75 4.26 4.06 4.11 4.11 7.55 7.63 7.20 7.20 0.00 0.00 -0.43 -5.67
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 0.88 0.79 0.66 0.66 2.27 2.15 2.05 2.05 2.00 1.70 1.35 1.35 0.00 0.00 -0.35 -20.59
Belarus 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32 2.50 2.52 2.38 2.38 0.75 0.78 0.76 0.76 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -2.56
Ukraine 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.07 3.15 3.00 2.86 2.86 0.32 0.24 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -16.67
Kazakhstan 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.76 0.86 1.15 1.15 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 27.78
Turkey 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 2.79 2.91 2.91 2.91 0.27 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.12 3.42 3.09 3.03 3.60 0.52 0.36 0.36 0.42 0.06 17.60 0.06 17.60
South America
Chile 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00
Argentina 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 1.66 1.85 1.76 1.76 0.18 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -15.14
Other Europe
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -33.33
Switzerland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Serbia 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.00 3.33 3.00 3.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.00
Australia 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.47 2.32 2.20 2.12 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.00 -1.11 -0.01 -12.75

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 08 Sorghum Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 40.61 40.04 40.77 40.77 1.42 1.46 1.52 1.52 57.48 58.38 61.83 61.83 0.00 0.00 3.44 5.90
United States 1.85 2.48 2.14 2.14 2.58 3.26 3.82 3.82 4.77 8.07 8.15 8.15 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.94
Total Foreign 38.76 37.57 38.64 38.64 1.36 1.34 1.39 1.39 52.71 50.31 53.68 53.68 0.00 0.00 3.37 6.69
none
Africa
Nigeria 5.70 5.70 6.10 6.10 1.19 1.12 1.13 1.13 6.81 6.40 6.90 6.90 0.00 0.00 0.50 7.81
Ethiopia 1.55 1.48 1.65 1.65 2.67 2.71 2.48 2.48 4.14 4.01 4.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.09 2.24
Sudan 7.24 5.99 6.00 6.00 0.72 0.51 0.67 0.67 5.25 3.06 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.95 30.93
Burkina Faso 1.96 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.03 0.98 1.00 1.00 2.01 1.86 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.04 2.21
Mali 1.64 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.97 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.58 1.53 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -1.83
Niger 3.79 3.70 3.70 3.70 0.55 0.46 0.51 0.51 2.10 1.70 1.90 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.20 11.76
Cameroon 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.62 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tanzania 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Egypt 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 5.00 5.20 5.27 5.27 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.28
Uganda 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.90 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50
Ghana 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 1.29 1.42 1.13 1.13 0.40 0.44 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -20.27
Mozambique 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.51 0.55 0.33 0.33 0.15 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -40.00
South Africa 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.76 2.25 3.25 3.25 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.04 44.44
Mexico 1.40 1.29 1.32 1.32 3.50 3.49 3.41 3.41 4.89 4.49 4.50 4.50 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.33
South America
Argentina 0.50 0.62 0.85 0.85 3.22 3.99 4.24 4.24 1.61 2.49 3.60 3.60 0.00 0.00 1.11 44.75
Brazil 1.42 1.46 1.60 1.60 3.38 3.03 3.13 3.13 4.79 4.43 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.57 12.97
South Asia
India 3.54 4.08 4.00 4.00 1.08 1.16 1.10 1.10 3.81 4.74 4.40 4.40 0.00 0.00 -0.34 -7.11
Pakistan 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.13
China 0.68 0.63 0.63 0.63 4.58 4.76 4.76 4.76 3.09 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Australia 0.69 0.60 0.60 0.60 3.84 3.67 4.00 4.00 2.64 2.20 2.40 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.20 9.09
European Union 0.12 0.16 0.21 0.21 4.14 5.13 5.05 5.05 0.51 0.80 1.06 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.26 32.33
Others 5.65 5.59 5.69 5.69 0.98 1.01 0.97 0.97 5.54 5.66 5.55 5.55 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -1.96

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 09 Rice Area, Yield, and Production

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 165.69 166.12 168.79 168.68 4.66 4.70 4.72 4.73 516.73 522.65 533.81 533.68 -0.13 -0.02 11.04 2.11
United States 0.88 1.16 1.17 1.17 8.28 8.57 8.51 8.51 5.08 6.93 6.98 6.98 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.69
Total Foreign 164.81 164.97 167.62 167.51 4.64 4.67 4.70 4.70 511.65 515.71 526.83 526.70 -0.13 -0.02 10.99 2.13
none
East Asia
China 29.45 28.95 29.00 29.00 7.08 7.14 7.19 7.19 145.95 144.62 146.00 146.00 0.00 0.00 1.38 0.95
Japan 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.46 6.86 6.78 6.92 6.92 7.48 7.30 7.35 7.35 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.73
Korea, South 0.73 0.71 0.70 0.70 6.87 6.92 6.93 6.80 3.76 3.70 3.66 3.59 -0.07 -1.97 -0.12 -3.16
Korea, North 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 3.87 4.18 4.18 4.18 1.36 1.47 1.47 1.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Asia
India 47.83 47.83 50.00 50.00 4.26 4.32 4.35 4.35 135.76 137.83 145.00 145.00 0.00 0.00 7.18 5.21
Bangladesh 11.60 11.75 11.50 11.50 4.70 4.72 4.80 4.80 36.35 37.00 36.80 36.80 0.00 0.00 -0.20 -0.54
Pakistan 2.98 3.64 3.80 3.80 3.69 4.07 3.95 3.95 7.32 9.87 10.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 1.33
Nepal 1.45 1.44 1.55 1.45 3.79 3.98 3.74 3.79 3.65 3.81 3.87 3.67 -0.20 -5.17 -0.15 -3.83
Sri Lanka 1.15 1.16 1.15 1.15 3.61 4.22 4.48 4.48 2.83 3.33 3.50 3.50 0.00 0.00 0.17 5.04
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 11.30 11.00 11.20 11.20 4.72 4.73 4.78 4.78 33.90 33.02 34.00 34.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 2.97
Vietnam 7.12 6.90 6.95 6.95 6.10 6.10 6.10 6.10 27.14 26.30 26.50 26.50 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.76
Thailand 11.07 10.65 10.70 10.70 2.86 2.85 2.85 2.85 20.91 20.00 20.10 20.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.50
Burma 6.80 6.80 6.80 6.80 2.71 2.73 2.72 2.72 11.80 11.90 11.85 11.85 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.42
Philippines 4.85 4.74 4.70 4.60 4.13 4.12 4.15 4.14 12.63 12.33 12.30 12.00 -0.30 -2.44 -0.33 -2.64
Cambodia 3.47 3.58 3.64 3.64 3.31 3.39 3.32 3.32 7.00 7.40 7.38 7.38 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.31
Laos 0.96 0.95 0.90 0.90 3.23 3.21 3.19 3.19 1.95 1.92 1.81 1.81 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -5.73
Malaysia 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.66 3.99 3.86 4.08 4.08 1.70 1.62 1.75 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.13 8.02
South America
Brazil 1.48 1.61 1.60 1.70 6.78 6.60 6.89 6.92 6.82 7.20 7.50 8.00 0.50 6.67 0.80 11.11
Peru 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 8.34 8.52 8.60 8.60 2.40 2.50 2.55 2.55 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.00
Africa
Egypt 0.60 0.63 0.67 0.67 8.70 8.70 8.44 8.44 3.60 3.78 3.90 3.90 0.00 0.00 0.12 3.17
Madagascar 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 2.87 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.93 2.94 2.94 2.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Nigeria 3.50 3.60 3.50 3.50 2.45 2.47 2.37 2.37 5.41 5.61 5.23 5.23 0.00 0.00 -0.38 -6.74
European Union 0.33 0.35 0.40 0.39 6.09 6.50 6.78 6.62 1.29 1.44 1.72 1.67 -0.05 -2.62 0.24 16.45
Iran 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 5.32 5.30 5.32 5.32 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.25
Others 12.87 13.43 13.60 13.60 3.03 3.03 3.09 3.09 25.71 26.84 27.66 27.65 -0.01 -0.04 0.81 3.01

Yield is on a rough basis, before the milling process. Production is on a milled basis, after the milling process.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 10 Total Oilseed Area, Yield, and Production

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World Total -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 637.40 657.49 682.22 683.38 1.16 0.17 25.89 3.94
Total Foreign -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 511.64 535.33 551.07 552.22 1.15 0.21 16.89 3.15
Oilseed, Copra -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.00 6.21 5.81 5.81 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -6.50
Oilseed, Palm Kernel -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 19.75 19.68 20.86 20.62 -0.24 -1.15 0.94 4.79
none
Major OilSeeds 267.75 271.76 275.50 276.25 2.28 2.32 2.38 2.38 611.64 631.61 655.55 656.95 1.40 0.21 25.35 4.01
United States 39.91 37.98 40.50 40.50 3.15 3.22 3.24 3.24 125.75 122.16 131.15 131.16 0.02 0.01 9.00 7.36
none
Foreign Oilseeds 227.84 233.77 235.00 235.75 2.13 2.18 2.23 2.23 485.89 509.44 524.41 525.79 1.39 0.26 16.35 3.21
South America 71.45 74.82 76.82 77.62 3.00 3.10 3.28 3.26 214.26 231.94 251.70 253.34 1.64 0.65 21.40 9.23
Brazil 46.46 48.08 49.56 49.59 3.59 3.30 3.54 3.54 166.77 158.64 175.57 175.60 0.03 0.02 16.96 10.69
Argentina 17.76 19.30 19.82 20.32 1.77 2.81 2.88 2.86 31.45 54.24 56.99 58.19 1.21 2.11 3.95 7.28
Paraguay 3.79 3.90 4.02 4.02 2.77 2.88 2.85 2.85 10.47 11.22 11.44 11.44 0.00 0.00 0.23 2.02
Bolivia 2.05 2.09 1.86 2.13 1.94 1.98 2.17 2.09 3.99 4.13 4.04 4.44 0.40 9.90 0.31 7.51
Uruguay 1.28 1.37 1.46 1.46 1.00 2.52 2.31 2.31 1.28 3.45 3.37 3.37 0.00 0.00 -0.08 -2.21
China 25.90 26.79 26.20 26.20 2.62 2.58 2.61 2.61 67.94 69.08 68.30 68.30 0.00 0.00 -0.78 -1.13
South Asia 43.63 44.49 44.06 44.06 1.04 1.03 1.06 1.07 45.22 46.00 46.86 47.29 0.43 0.91 1.29 2.80
India 40.19 40.28 40.28 40.28 1.03 1.00 1.04 1.06 41.29 40.37 42.08 42.51 0.43 1.01 2.14 5.30
Pakistan 2.51 2.99 2.51 2.51 1.06 1.27 1.22 1.22 2.67 3.81 3.05 3.05 0.00 0.00 -0.76 -19.91
European Union 12.32 12.29 11.93 11.95 2.61 2.71 2.52 2.45 32.13 33.34 30.08 29.27 -0.81 -2.69 -4.07 -12.20
United Kingdom 0.37 0.39 0.28 0.28 3.73 3.11 3.13 3.13 1.36 1.22 0.88 0.88 0.00 0.00 -0.34 -28.04
Former Soviet Union - 12 27.81 29.08 30.89 30.89 1.87 2.04 1.84 1.87 52.05 59.24 56.84 57.69 0.85 1.50 -1.54 -2.60
Russia 14.74 14.85 16.00 16.00 1.80 1.89 1.77 1.79 26.55 28.10 28.30 28.60 0.30 1.06 0.50 1.78
Ukraine 8.75 10.00 10.45 10.45 2.26 2.55 2.17 2.22 19.80 25.45 22.70 23.25 0.55 2.42 -2.20 -8.64
Uzbekistan 1.07 1.05 1.02 1.02 1.24 1.15 1.22 1.22 1.33 1.21 1.25 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.04 3.23
Canada 10.75 11.16 11.12 11.16 2.37 2.35 2.45 2.37 25.48 26.27 27.24 26.42 -0.82 -3.00 0.15 0.59
Africa 24.62 24.69 23.83 23.63 1.04 0.97 1.04 1.05 25.67 24.01 24.73 24.71 -0.02 -0.08 0.70 2.92
Nigeria 4.87 4.87 5.07 5.07 1.15 1.15 1.13 1.13 5.61 5.60 5.75 5.75 0.00 0.00 0.15 2.68
South Africa 1.88 1.87 1.92 1.92 2.02 1.51 2.04 2.04 3.80 2.82 3.91 3.91 0.00 0.00 1.10 38.88
Tanzania 1.36 1.47 1.44 1.44 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.87 1.23 1.31 1.25 1.25 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -4.13
Southeast Asia 3.11 3.07 3.04 3.04 1.38 1.38 1.39 1.39 4.30 4.25 4.24 4.24 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.38
Burma 1.98 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.26 2.40 2.44 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.06 2.25
Indonesia 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.81 1.52 1.49 1.48 1.48 1.32 1.26 1.20 1.20 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -4.38
Australia 4.61 4.04 3.80 3.91 2.13 1.81 1.80 1.78 9.82 7.30 6.84 6.96 0.12 1.75 -0.34 -4.70
Turkey 1.47 1.27 1.30 1.28 2.71 2.43 2.45 2.49 3.98 3.09 3.19 3.19 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.27
Others 1.81 1.70 1.73 1.73 2.03 2.20 2.04 2.04 3.67 3.72 3.52 3.52 0.00 0.00 -0.21 -5.56

World Total and Total Foreign: (Major Oilseeds plus copra and palm kernel) Major Oilseeds: (soybeans, sunflowerseeds, peanuts(inshell), cottonseed and
rapeseed)

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 30 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 11 Soybean Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 137.33 140.38 145.83 146.49 2.75 2.81 2.92 2.92 378.16 394.87 425.40 427.14 1.73 0.41 32.26 8.17
United States 34.87 33.29 34.91 34.91 3.33 3.40 3.48 3.48 116.22 113.27 121.42 121.42 0.00 0.00 8.14 7.19
Total Foreign 102.46 107.09 110.92 111.58 2.56 2.63 2.74 2.74 261.94 281.60 303.99 305.72 1.73 0.57 24.12 8.56
none
South America
Brazil 44.60 46.10 47.30 47.30 3.63 3.32 3.57 3.57 162.00 153.00 169.00 169.00 0.00 0.00 16.00 10.46
Argentina 14.40 16.37 16.90 17.30 1.74 2.95 3.02 3.01 25.00 48.21 51.00 52.00 1.00 1.96 3.79 7.86
Paraguay 3.65 3.75 3.85 3.85 2.81 2.93 2.91 2.91 10.25 11.00 11.20 11.20 0.00 0.00 0.20 1.82
Bolivia 1.82 1.85 1.61 1.88 2.01 2.05 2.30 2.19 3.67 3.80 3.70 4.10 0.40 10.81 0.30 7.89
Uruguay 0.93 1.22 1.30 1.30 0.75 2.62 2.38 2.38 0.70 3.20 3.10 3.10 0.00 0.00 -0.10 -3.13
East Asia
China 10.24 10.47 10.50 10.50 1.98 1.99 1.97 1.97 20.28 20.84 20.70 20.70 0.00 0.00 -0.14 -0.67
Korea, South 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 2.03 2.07 2.06 2.06 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71
Korea, North 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Japan 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 1.60 1.59 1.64 1.64 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.01 4.86
India 13.08 13.20 13.50 13.50 0.95 0.90 0.93 0.93 12.41 11.88 12.58 12.58 0.00 0.00 0.71 5.95
Canada 2.12 2.26 2.30 2.29 3.09 3.09 3.13 3.30 6.54 6.98 7.20 7.57 0.37 5.11 0.59 8.41
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 3.36 3.50 4.10 4.10 1.79 1.94 1.78 1.78 6.00 6.80 7.30 7.30 0.00 0.00 0.50 7.35
Ukraine 1.82 2.00 2.90 2.90 2.25 2.60 2.28 2.28 4.10 5.20 6.60 6.60 0.00 0.00 1.40 26.92
European Union 1.12 1.03 1.09 1.09 2.34 2.87 2.67 2.63 2.61 2.95 2.90 2.85 -0.05 -1.72 -0.10 -3.29
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 1.18 1.17 1.16 1.16 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -4.00
Vietnam 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.62 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 -6.67
Thailand 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burma 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -4.00
Serbia 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 1.70 2.77 2.00 2.00 0.40 0.65 0.47 0.47 0.00 0.00 -0.18 -27.69
Mexico 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.13 1.52 2.06 1.68 1.68 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.03 13.51
Africa
South Africa 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.16 2.41 1.60 2.42 2.42 2.77 1.84 2.80 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.96 52.17
Nigeria 1.20 1.15 1.35 1.35 0.98 1.00 0.96 0.96 1.18 1.15 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 0.15 13.04
Zambia 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.09
Middle East
Iran 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 2.27 2.36 2.43 2.43 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.03
Turkey 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 4.14 4.12 4.29 4.29 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.01 7.14
Others 1.03 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.67 1.60 1.58 1.59 1.72 1.78 1.77 1.79 0.02 0.90 0.01 0.34

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 31 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 12 Cottonseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 31.13 30.53 30.43 30.31 1.36 1.35 1.38 1.41 42.36 41.30 42.10 42.61 0.51 1.21 1.31 3.16
United States 2.95 2.61 3.49 3.49 1.36 1.27 1.13 1.13 4.01 3.31 3.93 3.95 0.02 0.38 0.64 19.42
Total Foreign 28.18 27.92 26.93 26.81 1.36 1.36 1.42 1.44 38.36 38.00 38.17 38.66 0.49 1.29 0.67 1.75
none
South Asia
India 12.93 12.68 11.80 11.80 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.90 11.17 10.78 10.19 10.61 0.43 4.17 -0.17 -1.57
Pakistan 1.80 2.40 2.00 2.00 0.94 1.26 1.19 1.19 1.69 3.03 2.38 2.38 0.00 0.00 -0.65 -21.41
China 3.10 2.85 2.85 2.85 3.89 3.76 3.88 3.88 12.05 10.72 11.05 11.05 0.00 0.00 0.33 3.11
Former Soviet Union - 12
Uzbekistan 1.05 1.03 1.00 1.00 1.19 1.10 1.18 1.18 1.25 1.14 1.18 1.18 0.00 0.00 0.04 3.43
Turkmenistan 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tajikistan 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 1.31 1.16 1.08 1.08 0.24 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.56
Kazakhstan 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.87 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South America
Brazil 1.60 1.66 1.94 1.97 2.43 2.91 2.88 2.85 3.89 4.84 5.58 5.61 0.03 0.59 0.77 16.00
Argentina 0.51 0.62 0.55 0.60 0.84 0.98 1.09 1.09 0.43 0.61 0.60 0.66 0.06 9.15 0.05 7.54
Middle East
Turkey 0.56 0.44 0.49 0.47 2.88 2.38 2.69 2.81 1.60 1.05 1.31 1.31 0.00 0.00 0.26 24.98
Syria 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.23 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.52 1.18 1.35 1.35 0.18 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.02 14.41
Australia 0.65 0.51 0.55 0.55 2.24 2.48 2.28 2.28 1.45 1.25 1.25 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
European Union 0.31 0.25 0.25 0.27 1.70 1.31 1.61 1.47 0.53 0.33 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.07 20.66
Africa
Burkina Faso 0.62 0.46 0.47 0.35 0.35 0.46 0.42 0.48 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.17 -0.03 -17.09 -0.05 -21.80
Mali 0.60 0.71 0.70 0.63 0.35 0.53 0.48 0.48 0.21 0.38 0.34 0.30 -0.04 -10.91 -0.07 -19.47
Cameroon 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.23 1.29 1.54 1.38 1.48 0.30 0.37 0.33 0.34 0.02 4.62 -0.03 -8.11
Cote d'Ivoire 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.37 0.29 0.44 0.53 0.53 0.12 0.17 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.02 12.07
Benin 0.57 0.51 0.55 0.55 0.64 0.73 0.70 0.76 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.42 0.04 9.47 0.04 11.53
Tanzania 0.36 0.47 0.44 0.44 0.37 0.44 0.35 0.35 0.13 0.21 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -26.21
Egypt 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.92 0.96 0.99 0.99 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.03 34.38
Nigeria 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.07 1.16 1.51 1.48 1.48 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 15.66
Zimbabwe 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sudan 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.20 0.13 0.12 0.12 2.70 2.25 2.35 2.35 0.54 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -5.05
Burma 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 1.26 1.24 1.24 1.24 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.01 4.42
Others 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.84 0.81 0.88 0.88 0.53 0.49 0.53 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.04 7.93

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 32 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 13 Peanut Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 29.04 29.60 28.95 29.00 1.70 1.67 1.74 1.74 49.44 49.52 50.37 50.52 0.15 0.30 1.00 2.02
United States 0.56 0.63 0.71 0.71 4.50 4.23 4.17 4.17 2.51 2.67 2.95 2.95 0.00 0.00 0.29 10.80
Total Foreign 28.48 28.97 28.24 28.29 1.65 1.62 1.68 1.68 46.93 46.85 47.41 47.56 0.15 0.32 0.71 1.52
none
China 4.68 4.98 4.85 4.85 3.91 3.86 3.92 3.92 18.33 19.22 19.00 19.00 0.00 0.00 -0.22 -1.13
Africa
Nigeria 3.40 3.45 3.45 3.45 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.25 4.28 4.30 4.30 4.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sudan 3.07 3.01 2.00 2.00 0.86 0.46 0.50 0.50 2.64 1.39 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 -0.39 -27.85
Senegal 1.23 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.23 1.38 1.36 1.36 1.50 1.73 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -1.62
Cameroon 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ghana 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.35 1.65 1.62 1.57 1.57 0.61 0.60 0.55 0.55 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -8.33
Chad 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 1.10 1.09 1.09 1.09 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Malawi 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Congo (Kinshasa) 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Niger 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.69 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.67 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mali 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 1.04 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Uganda 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Burkina Faso 0.63 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.56 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Guinea 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.14 1.11 1.11 1.11 1.03 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Egypt 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Central African Republic 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 2.29 1.75 2.00 2.00 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 14.29
Mozambique 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 1.47 1.45 1.45 1.45 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Benin 0.16 0.24 0.18 0.18 1.03 0.74 0.97 0.97 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.23
South Asia
India 4.96 5.00 5.50 5.50 1.27 1.20 1.29 1.29 6.30 6.00 7.10 7.10 0.00 0.00 1.10 18.33
Pakistan 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Southeast Asia
Indonesia 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.50 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.68 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.00 0.00 -0.04 -4.55
Burma 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.55 1.59 1.63 1.63 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.05 2.94
Vietnam 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 2.63 2.62 2.64 2.64 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -3.39
Thailand 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South America
Argentina 0.37 0.43 0.40 0.45 2.59 3.43 3.38 3.33 0.96 1.48 1.35 1.50 0.15 11.11 0.02 1.15
Brazil 0.20 0.26 0.26 0.26 3.95 2.88 3.46 3.46 0.79 0.73 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.17 22.62
Mexico 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1.76 1.74 1.70 1.70 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 6.25
Others 1.80 1.81 1.85 1.85 1.18 1.19 1.21 1.21 2.13 2.15 2.25 2.25 0.00 0.00 0.10 4.70

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 33 December 2024
Global Market Analysis
 Table 14 Sunflowerseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 28.30 27.94 27.79 27.79 1.87 2.01 1.82 1.82 52.78 56.03 50.44 50.51 0.07 0.13 -5.52 -9.85
United States 0.65 0.51 0.28 0.28 1.97 2.00 2.12 2.12 1.27 1.02 0.59 0.59 0.00 0.00 -0.43 -42.19
Total Foreign 27.65 27.43 27.51 27.51 1.86 2.01 1.81 1.81 51.51 55.01 49.85 49.92 0.07 0.14 -5.09 -9.24
none
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 9.11 9.30 9.30 9.30 1.78 1.84 1.72 1.75 16.25 17.10 16.00 16.30 0.30 1.88 -0.80 -4.68
Ukraine 5.70 6.40 6.20 6.20 2.14 2.42 2.02 2.08 12.20 15.50 12.50 12.90 0.40 3.20 -2.60 -16.77
Kazakhstan 1.09 1.13 1.25 1.25 1.20 1.10 1.12 1.12 1.30 1.24 1.40 1.40 0.00 0.00 0.16 13.27
European Union 4.97 4.80 4.91 4.91 1.89 2.11 1.92 1.79 9.39 10.13 9.43 8.78 -0.65 -6.89 -1.35 -13.28
South America
Argentina 2.45 1.84 1.95 1.95 2.05 2.11 2.05 2.05 5.02 3.90 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 2.70
Uruguay 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.91 0.92 1.00 1.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9.09
Bolivia 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.25 1.39 1.38 1.36 1.36 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.01 3.03
Brazil 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 1.52 1.18 1.50 1.50 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.02 26.76
Paraguay 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 1.64 1.63 1.60 1.60 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.56
China 0.62 0.70 0.60 0.60 2.79 2.83 2.92 2.92 1.74 1.98 1.75 1.75 0.00 0.00 -0.23 -11.75
South Asia
India 0.36 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.59 0.75 0.63 0.63 0.22 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.89
Pakistan 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 1.72 1.35 1.31 1.31 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.78
Middle East
Turkey 0.79 0.70 0.69 0.69 2.41 2.21 1.99 1.99 1.90 1.55 1.38 1.38 0.00 0.00 -0.18 -11.29
Iran 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.02 1.05 1.07 1.07 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.65
Israel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Africa
Egypt 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 2.75 2.63 2.75 2.75 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.76
Morocco 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.11 1.27 1.17 1.17 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
South Africa 0.56 0.53 0.54 0.54 1.29 1.20 1.30 1.30 0.72 0.64 0.70 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.07 10.24
Burma 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 2.21 2.30 2.06 2.13 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.05 0.01 37.84 -0.04 -44.57
Australia 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 1.48 1.28 1.50 1.55 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 13.33 0.00 6.25
Others 0.86 0.73 0.75 0.75 1.83 2.33 1.92 1.92 1.58 1.70 1.44 1.44 0.00 0.00 -0.26 -15.22

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 34 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 15 Rapeseed Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Metric tons per hectare) (Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent
World 41.95 43.31 42.51 42.66 2.12 2.08 2.05 2.02 88.90 89.89 87.24 86.18 -1.06 -1.22 -3.71 -4.12
United States 0.88 0.94 1.11 1.11 1.98 2.01 2.03 2.03 1.74 1.90 2.25 2.25 0.00 0.00 0.36 18.73
Total Foreign 41.07 42.36 41.40 41.55 2.12 2.08 2.05 2.02 87.17 87.99 84.99 83.93 -1.06 -1.25 -4.06 -4.61
none
European Union 5.92 6.21 5.69 5.69 3.31 3.21 3.05 3.03 19.61 19.93 17.35 17.24 -0.11 -0.63 -2.69 -13.51
United Kingdom 0.37 0.39 0.28 0.28 3.73 3.11 3.13 3.13 1.36 1.22 0.88 0.88 0.00 0.00 -0.34 -28.04
Switzerland 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 3.68 3.52 3.52 3.52 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 8.60 8.86 8.80 8.85 2.19 2.17 2.27 2.12 18.85 19.19 20.00 18.80 -1.20 -6.00 -0.39 -2.04
China 7.25 7.79 7.40 7.40 2.14 2.10 2.14 2.14 15.53 16.32 15.80 15.80 0.00 0.00 -0.52 -3.19
South Asia
India 8.85 9.25 9.30 9.30 1.27 1.25 1.30 1.30 11.20 11.60 12.10 12.10 0.00 0.00 0.50 4.31
Pakistan 0.51 0.38 0.30 0.30 1.46 1.46 1.50 1.50 0.74 0.56 0.45 0.45 0.00 0.00 -0.11 -19.21
Bangladesh 0.81 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.30 1.46 1.30 1.30 1.05 1.61 1.43 1.43 0.00 0.00 -0.18 -11.01
Former Soviet Union - 12
Russia 2.27 2.05 2.60 2.60 1.89 2.05 1.92 1.92 4.30 4.20 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 19.05
Ukraine 1.23 1.60 1.35 1.35 2.85 2.97 2.67 2.78 3.50 4.75 3.60 3.75 0.15 4.17 -1.00 -21.05
Belarus 0.36 0.40 0.48 0.48 2.22 2.25 2.25 2.25 0.80 0.90 1.08 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.18 20.00
Kazakhstan 0.13 0.09 0.15 0.15 1.48 1.32 1.33 1.33 0.19 0.12 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.08 62.60
Australia 3.90 3.48 3.20 3.30 2.12 1.71 1.72 1.70 8.27 5.94 5.50 5.60 0.10 1.82 -0.34 -5.66
South America
Chile 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 3.73 4.39 3.86 3.86 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.01 9.76
Paraguay 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 1.77 1.50 1.53 1.53 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.01 9.52
Ethiopia 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Others 0.72 0.62 0.59 0.59 1.91 2.10 2.06 2.06 1.38 1.29 1.22 1.22 0.00 0.00 -0.07 -5.49

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 35 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 16 Copra, Palm Kernel, and Palm Oil Production

Production Change in Production

(Million metric tons)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MMT Percent MMT Percent

Oilseed, Copra
Philippines 2.60 2.90 2.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -13.79
Indonesia 1.68 1.69 1.68 1.68 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.59
India 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Vietnam 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Papua New Guinea 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.01 11.11
Sri Lanka 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cote d'Ivoire 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Malaysia 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
World 6.00 6.21 5.81 5.81 0.00 0.00 -0.40 -6.44

Oilseed, Palm Kernel

Indonesia 11.70 11.00 12.09 12.09 0.00 0.00 1.09 9.91
Malaysia 4.49 4.83 4.85 4.63 -0.22 -4.54 -0.20 -4.14
Nigeria 0.90 1.10 1.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Thailand 0.86 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.02 2.13
Colombia 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.33 -0.02 -5.71 0.01 3.13
Guatemala 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Papua New Guinea 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Honduras 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cameroon 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
World 19.75 19.68 20.86 20.62 -0.24 -1.15 0.94 4.78

Oil, Palm
Indonesia 45.00 43.00 46.50 46.50 0.00 0.00 3.50 8.14
Malaysia 18.39 19.71 19.80 19.30 -0.50 -2.53 -0.41 -2.08
Thailand 3.33 3.60 3.70 3.70 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.78
Colombia 1.85 1.88 1.95 1.90 -0.05 -2.56 0.02 1.06
Nigeria 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Guatemala 1.01 0.89 0.99 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.10 11.24
Papua New Guinea 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.22
Cote d'Ivoire 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Honduras 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Brazil 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.02 3.45
World 76.63 76.26 80.18 79.63 -0.55 -0.69 3.37 4.42

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 36 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 Table 17 Cotton Area, Yield, and Production

Area Yield Production Change in Production

(Million hectares) (Kilograms per hectare) (Million 480 lb. bales)
Country / Region
Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. Prel. 2024/25 Proj. From last month From last year
2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec 2022/23 2023/24 Nov Dec MBales Percent MBales Percent
World 31.60 31.17 31.02 30.90 801 789 815 827 116.30 112.98 116.18 117.39 1.21 1.04 4.41 3.90
United States 2.95 2.61 3.49 3.49 1,068 1,008 884 888 14.47 12.07 14.19 14.26 0.06 0.45 2.19 18.14
Total Foreign 28.65 28.57 27.53 27.41 774 769 807 819 101.83 100.92 101.99 103.13 1.15 1.12 2.22 2.20
none
South Asia
India 12.93 12.68 11.80 11.80 443 436 443 461 26.30 25.40 24.00 25.00 1.00 4.17 -0.40 -1.57
Pakistan 1.80 2.40 2.00 2.00 472 635 599 599 3.90 7.00 5.50 5.50 0.00 0.00 -1.50 -21.43
China 3.10 2.85 2.85 2.85 2,160 2,089 2,154 2,154 30.75 27.35 28.20 28.20 0.00 0.00 0.85 3.11
South America
Brazil 1.60 1.66 1.94 1.97 1,595 1,911 1,885 1,868 11.72 14.57 16.80 16.90 0.10 0.60 2.33 15.99
Argentina 0.51 0.62 0.55 0.60 495 578 643 644 1.17 1.65 1.63 1.78 0.15 9.23 0.13 7.58
Paraguay 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 890 812 837 837 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.05 21.95
Africa
Burkina Faso 0.62 0.46 0.47 0.35 273 361 334 379 0.78 0.77 0.72 0.60 -0.12 -16.67 -0.17 -21.57
Mali 0.60 0.71 0.70 0.63 269 407 373 373 0.74 1.33 1.20 1.07 -0.13 -10.83 -0.26 -19.43
Cote d'Ivoire 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.37 236 358 430 430 0.45 0.65 0.73 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.08 12.31
Benin 0.57 0.51 0.55 0.55 418 482 459 503 1.10 1.13 1.15 1.26 0.11 9.57 0.13 11.50
Egypt 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.13 661 686 712 712 0.43 0.32 0.43 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.11 34.92
Cameroon 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.23 563 671 602 644 0.60 0.74 0.65 0.68 0.03 4.62 -0.06 -8.11
Tanzania 0.36 0.47 0.44 0.44 184 220 173 173 0.31 0.47 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 -0.12 -25.53
Nigeria 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 282 282 282 282 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Zimbabwe 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 195 195 195 195 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Ethiopia 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 726 713 713 713 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Former Soviet Union - 12
Uzbekistan 1.05 1.03 1.00 1.00 663 613 653 653 3.20 2.90 3.00 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.45
Turkmenistan 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 348 348 348 348 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tajikistan 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 726 647 605 605 0.60 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.01 2.04
Kazakhstan 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 487 558 544 544 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Middle East
Turkey 0.56 0.44 0.49 0.47 1,922 1,583 1,796 1,873 4.90 3.20 4.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.80 25.00
Syria 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 1,161 1,161 1,161 1,161 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Iran 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 977 762 871 871 0.53 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.05 14.29
Australia 0.65 0.51 0.55 0.55 1,943 2,156 1,979 1,979 5.80 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mexico 0.20 0.13 0.12 0.12 1,720 1,435 1,497 1,497 1.58 0.87 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.00 -0.05 -5.17
Burma 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 664 654 654 654 0.56 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.02 4.39
Others 1.58 1.65 1.59 1.62 590 525 558 551 4.27 3.98 4.09 4.09 0.01 0.12 0.11 2.79

World and Selected Countries and Regions

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 37 December 2024

Global Market Analysis
 TABLE 18
The table below presents a record of the December projection and the final estimate. Using world wheat production as an
example, the "root mean square error" means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current forecast will not be above or
below the final estimate by more than 0.8 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90% confidence level) that the difference will
not exceed 1.3 percent. The average difference between the December projection and the final estimate is 3.9 million tons,
ranging from 0.4 million to 10.2 million tons. The December projection has been below the estimate 32 times and above
11 times.
RELIABILITY OF PRODUCTION PROJECTIONS 1/
Difference between forecast and final estimate
90 percent
COMMODITY AND Root mean
confidence Years
REGION square error
interval Below Above
Average Smallest Largest final final

Percent ---Million metric tons---

WHEAT
World 0.8 1.3 3.9 0.4 10.2 32 11

U.S. 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 1.2 21 15

Foreign 0.9 1.5 3.9 0.3 10.3 32 11

COARSE GRAINS 2/
World 1.4 2.3 11.9 0.0 36.0 31 12

U.S. 1.3 2.2 2.6 0.0 9.9 20 23

Foreign 2.0 3.3 11.7 0.0 37.5 31 12

RICE (Milled)
World 1.9 3.2 5.7 0.0 16.2 35 8

2.8 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.5 20 18

U.S.
Foreign 1.9 3.2 5.7 0.1 16.2 36 7

SOYBEANS
World 3.8 6.4 6.2 0.1 26.2 22 21

U.S. 2.0 3.3 1.2 0.1 4.7 19 24

Foreign 6.2 10.5 6.2 0.1 27.3 19 24

COTTON ---Million 480-lb. bales---

World 3.1 5.2 2.3 0.0 7.2 25 17

U.S. 2.6 4.4 0.3 0.0 1.3 19 23

Foreign 3.6 6.1 2.2 0.0 7.1 24 18

UNITED STATES -------Million bushels-------

CORN 1.3 2.2 97 0 396 21 21

SORGHUM 5.6 9.5 15 1 53 21 22

BARLEY 1.5 2.6 3 0 24 21 10

OATS 1.1 1.8 2 0 18 8 9

1/ Marketing years 1981/82 through 2023/24 for grains, soybeans, and cotton. Final for grains, soybeans, and cotton is
defined as the first November estimate following the marketing year for 1981/82 through 2022/23, and for 2023/24 the
last month’s estimate.
2/ Includes corn, sorghum, barley, oats, rye, millet, and mixed grain.
December 2024 Global Market Analysis, FAS, USDA

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 38 December 2024

Global Market Analysis