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Designation: A 554 – 98e1

Standard Specification for

Welded Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 554; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

e1 NOTE—A typographical error in the table titled “Square and Rectangular Tubing” was editorially corrected in October 1999.

1. Scope Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)4
1.1 This specification covers welded stainless steel tubing 3. Ordering Information
for mechanical applications where appearance, mechanical
properties, or corrosion resistance is needed. The grades 3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
covered are listed in Table 1. include the following, as required, to describe the desired
1.2 This specification covers as-welded or cold-reduced material adequately:
mechanical tubing in sizes to 16 in. (406.4 mm) outside 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, mass, or number of pieces),
dimension, and in wall thicknesses 0.020 in. (0.51 mm) and 3.1.2 Name of material (welded stainless steel mechanical
over. tubing),
1.3 Tubes shall be furnished in one of the following shapes 3.1.3 Form (round, square, rectangular, special, see 1.3),
as specified by the purchaser: round, square, rectangular, or 3.1.4 Dimensions:
special. 3.1.4.1 Round-outside diameter and wall thickness for all
1.4 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are conditions (Section 8). Alternatively, for cold-reduced condi-
provided and when desired shall be so stated in the order. tion, outside diameter and inside diameter or inside diameter
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded and wall dimensions may be specified,
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 3.1.4.2 Square and rectangular outside dimensions and wall
information only. thickness (see 9.1),
3.1.4.3 Special (to be specified),
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.5 Length (mill lengths, cut lengths, or multiple lengths
2.1 ASTM Standards: (see 8.3)),
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing 3.1.6 Grade (Table 1),
of Steel Products2 3.1.7 Condition (see 6.1),
E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast 3.1.8 Inside diameter bead condition (see 6.2),
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron3 3.1.9 Surface finish (see Section 11),
E 59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination 3.1.10 Report of chemical analysis, if required (Section 7),
of Chemical Composition3 3.1.11 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,
2.2 Military Standards: 3.1.12 End use,
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4 3.1.13 Specification designation,
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship- 3.1.14 Special requirements,
ment and Storage4 3.1.15 Special marking (Section 14), and
2.3 Federal Standard: 3.1.16 Special packing (Section 15).
4. Process
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, 4.1 The steel may be made by any process.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 4.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser,
A01.10 on Tubing.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
it shall be stated on the purchase order.
published as A 554 – 65. Last previous edition A 554 – 94 (Reapproved 1995). 4.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
2

3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. such as electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. If
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111–5094, Attn: NPODS.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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A 554 – 98e1
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %

Grade Carbon, Manga- Phos- Sulfur, Silicon, Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Titanium Columbium
max nese, phorus, max max + Tantalum
max max
Austenitic
MT-301 0.15 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 6.0–8.0 16.0–18.0 ... ... ...
MT-302 0.15 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.0–10.0 17.0–19.0 ... ... ...
MT-304 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.0–11.0 18.0–20.0 ... ... ...
MT-304L 0.035A 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 8.0–13.0 18.0–20.0 ... ... ...
MT-305 0.12 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.0–13.0 17.0–19.0 ... ... ...
MT-309S 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.0–15.0 22.0–24.0 ... ... ...
B
MT-309S-Cb 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 12.0–15.0 22.0–24.0 ... ...
MT-310S 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 19.0–22.0 24.0–26.0 ... ... ...
MT-316 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.0–14.0 16.0–18.0 2.0–3.0 ... ...
MT-316L 0.035A 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 10.0–15.0 16.0–18.0 2.0–3.0 ... ...
MT-317 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 11.0–14.0 18.0–20.0 3.0–4.0 ... ...
C
MT-321 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 9.0–13.0 17.0–20.0 ... ...
MT-330 0.15 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 33.0–36.0 14.0–16.0 ... ... ...
B
MT-347 0.08 2.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 9.0–13.0 17.0–20.0 ... ...
Ferritic
MT-429 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 14.0–16.0 ... ... ...
MT-430 0.12 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.50 max 16.0–18.0 ... ... ...
MT-430-Ti 0.10 1.00 0.040 0.030 1.00 0.075 max 16.0–19.5 ... 5 3 C min, ...
0.75 max
A
For small diameter or thin walls, or both, where many drawing passes are required, a carbon content of 0.040 % max is necessary in grades MT-304L and MT-316L.
Small outside diameter tubes are defined as those less than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) in outside diameter and light wall tubes as those less than 0.049 in. (1.24 mm) in average
wall thickness.
B
The columbium plus tantalum content shall be not less than ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.00 %.
C
The titanium content shall be not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.60 %.

secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all chemical composition thus determined, or that determined
of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat. from a product analysis made by the tubular product manufac-
4.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When turer, shall conform to requirements specified. When requested
steel of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identifi- in the order or contract, a report of this analysis shall be
cation of the resultant transition material is required. The furnished to the purchaser. (See Test Methods E 30 and
producer shall remove the transition material by an established Practice E 59.)
procedure that positively separates the grades.
8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions—Round Tubing
5. Materials and Manufacture
8.1 For all conditions except tubing with bead removed,
5.1 The tubes shall be made from flat-rolled steel by an Table 2 shall apply.
automatic welding process without the addition of filler metal.
8.2 For tubing with bead removed, Table 3 shall apply.
6. Condition 8.3 Lengths—Tubing is normally furnished in mill lengths 5
ft (1.5 m) and over. Definite cut lengths are furnished when
6.1 The tubes shall be furnished in any of the following
specified, to the length tolerances shown in Table 4. For tubing
conditions as specified:
ordered in multiple lengths, it is common practice to allow a
6.1.1 As welded,
definite amount over for each multiple for the purchaser’s
6.1.2 Welded and annealed,
cutting operation. Thus cutting allowance should be specified
6.1.3 Cold reduced,
in the purchase order.
6.1.4 Cold reduced and annealed.
6.2 The inside diameter bead shall be furnished in any of the 8.4 Straightness Tolerance—The straightness tolerance
following conditions as specified: shall be 0.030 in. (0.76 mm) maximum in any 3-ft (0.9-m)
6.2.1 Bead not removed, length of tubing. The straightness tolerance on shorter lengths
6.2.2 Bead controlled to 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) or 15 % of the and on special requirements shall be agreed upon between the
specified wall thickness, whichever is greater, and purchaser and producer.
6.2.3 Bead removed.
9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions—Square and
7. Heat Analysis Rectangular Tubing
7.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the 9.1 Square and rectangular welded stainless mechanical
steel manufacturer to determine the percentages of the ele- tubing is supplied as cold worked unless otherwise specified.
ments specified. If secondary melting processes are employed, For this tubing, variations in dimensions from those specified
the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 5. For lengths,
the product of one remelted ingot of each primary melt. The see 8.3.

2
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A 554 – 98e1
TABLE 2 Diameter, Wall,A and Ovality Tolerances (All Conditions Except Tubing with Bead Removed)

NOTE 1—Ovality is the difference between maximum and minimum outside diameters measured at any one cross section. There is no additional
tolerance for ovality on tubes having a specified wall thickness of more than 3 % of the outside diameter.
NOTE 2—For sizes up to and including 5-in. (127.0-mm) outside diameter, an ovality tolerance of twice the tabular outside diameter tolerance spread
shown is applied one half plus and one half minus to tubes having a specified wall thickness of 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter. The average
of the maximum and minimum outside diameter readings should fall within the outside diameter tolerances as shown in this table.
NOTE 3—For sizes over 5-in. (127.0-mm) to and including 16-in. (406.4-mm) outside diameter, when the specified wall thickness is 3 % or less of the
outside diameter,the ovality shall not exceed 1.5 % of the specified outside diameter.
Wall Thickness OD, 6
OD Size, in. (mm)
in. mm in. mm
Under ⁄ (12.7)
12 0.020 to 0.049 0.51 to 1.24 0.004 0.10
1⁄2to 1 (12.7 to 25.4) 0.020 to 0.065 0.51 to 1.65 0.005 0.13
1⁄2to 1 (12.7 to 25.4) over 0.065 to 0.134 over 1.65 to 3.40 0.010 0.25
Over 1 to 1 1⁄2 (25.4 to 38.1), incl 0.025 to 0.065 0.64 to 1.65 0.008 0.20
Over 1 to 1 1⁄2 (25.4 to 38.1), incl over 0.065 to 0.134 over 1.65 to 3.40 0.010 0.25
Over 1 1⁄2 to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), incl 0.025 to 0.049 0.64 to 1.24 0.010 0.25
Over 1 1⁄2 to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), incl over 0.049 to 0.083 over 1.24 to 2.11 0.011 0.28
Over 1 1⁄2 to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), incl over 0.083 to 0.149 over 2.11 to 3.78 0.012 0.30
Over 2 to 2 1⁄2 (50.8 to 63.5), incl 0.032 to 0.065 0.81 to 1.65 0.012 0.30
Over 2 to 2 1⁄2 (50.8 to 63.5), incl over 0.065 to 0.109 over 1.65 to 2.77 0.013 0.33
Over 2 to 2 1⁄2 (50.8 to 63.5), incl over 0.109 to 0.165 over 2.77 to 4.19 0.014 0.36
Over 2 1⁄2 to 3 1⁄2 (63.5 to 88.9), incl 0.032 to 0.165 0.81 to 4.19 0.014 0.36
Over 2 1⁄2 to 3 1⁄2 (63.5 to 88.9), incl over 0.165 over 4.19 0.020 0.51
Over 3 1⁄2 to 5 (88.9 to 127.0), incl 0.035 to 0.165 0.89 to 4.19 0.020 0.51
Over 3 1⁄2 to 5 (88.9 to 127.0), incl over 0.165 over 4.19 0.025 0.64
Over 5 to 7 1⁄2 (127.0 to 190.5), incl 0.049 to 0.250 1.24 to 6.35 0.025 0.64
Over 5 to 7 1⁄2 (127.0 to 190.5), incl over 0.250 over 6.35 0.030 0.76
Over 7 1⁄2 to 16 (190.5 to 406.4), incl all all 0.00125 in./in. or mm/mm of circumference
A
Wall tolerance 610 % of specified wall thickness.

10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance TABLE 3 Diameter, Wall,A and Ovality Tolerances for Tubing
with Bead Removed
10.1 Finished tubes shall have smooth ends free of burrs.
They shall be free of injurious defects and shall have a NOTE 1—Ovality is the difference between maximum and minimum
workmanlike finish. Surface imperfections such as handling outside diameters measured at any one cross section. There is no
additional tolerance for ovality on tubes having a specified wall thickness
marks, straightening marks, light mandrel and die marks, of more than 3 % of the outside diameter.
shallow pits, and scale patterns will not be considered as NOTE 2—An ovality allowance of twice the outside diameter tolerance,
serious defects, provided the imperfections are removable shown in this table, is applied one half plus and one half minus to the
within 10 % of the specified wall or 0.002 in. (0.05 mm), outside diameter, for tubes having a specified wall thickness of 3 % or less
whichever is greater. The removal of surface imperfections is of the specified outside diameter. The average of the maximum and
not required, unless special finishes are specified. minimum outside diameter readings should fall within the outside
diameter tolerances of this table.
11. Surface Finish NOTE 3—Tubing may be specified to only two of the three following
dimensions—outside diameter, inside diameter, or wall.
11.1 Tubes shall be free of scale.
OD Size, in. (mm) OD, 6 ID, 6
11.2 If special surface conditioning is required, they shall be
stated in the order. in. mm in. mm
Up to ⁄ (2.4), excl
3 32 0.001 0.03 0.001 0.03
12. Rejection 3⁄32to 3⁄16 (2.4 to 4.8), excl 0.0015 0.038 0.0015 0.038
3⁄16to 1⁄2 (4.8 to 12.7), excl 0.003 0.08 0.005 0.13
12.1 Tubing that fails to meet the requirements of this 1⁄2to 1 (12.7 to 25.4), excl 0.004 0.10 0.006 0.15
specification shall be set aside and the manufacturer notified. 1 to 11⁄2 (25.4 to 38.1), 0.005 0.13 0.007 0.18
excl
1 1⁄2to 2 (38.1 to 50.8), 0.006 0.15 0.008 0.20
13. Coating excl
13.1 Stainless steel tubing is commonly shipped without 2 to 2 1⁄2 (50.8 to 63.5), 0.007 0.18 0.010 0.25
excl
protective coating. If special protection is needed, details shall 2 1⁄2to 3 1⁄2 (63.5 to 88.9), 0.010 0.25 0.014 0.36
be specified in the order. excl
3 1⁄2to 5 (88.9 to 127.0), 0.015 0.38 0.020 0.51
incl
Over 5 to 16 (127.0 to 0.00125 in./in. or 0.0013 in./in. or
406.4), incl mm/mm of cir- mm/mm of cir-
cumference cumference
A
Wall tolerance is 610 % of specified wall thickness.

3
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A 554 – 98e1
TABLE 4 Length Variations—Cut Length Tubes TABLE 5 Square and Rectangular Tubing
Outside Permissible Variations Outside Dimension Tolerances
Diameter, in Length, in.
Largest Specified Outside Wall Thick- 6, in. (mm),
Length, ft (m) in. (mm)
OverA Under Dimension Across Flats, ness, in. across Flats,
in. (mm) (mm) Convexity
in. mm
or Concavity,
4 (1.2) and under up to 2 (50.8), incl ⁄
1 16 1.6 0 incl
over 2 to 4 (50.8 to 3⁄32 2.4 0
101.6), incl To 1 1⁄4 (31.8), incl all 0.015 (0.38)
over 4 (101.6) 18 ⁄ 3.2 0 Over 1 1⁄4 to 2 1⁄2(31.8 to 63.5), incl all 0.020 (0.51)
Over 2 1⁄2 to 5 1⁄2(63.5 to 139.7), incl all 0.030 (0.76)
Over 4 to 10 (1.2 to up to 2 (50.8), incl ⁄
3 32 2.4 0 Over 5 1⁄2 to 8 (139.7 to 203.2), incl all 0.060 (1.52)
3.0), incl
over 2 (50.8) 18 ⁄ 3.2 0 Maximum Radii of Corners
Radii of Corners,
Over 10 to 24 (3.0 to all sizes ⁄
3 16 4.8 0 Wall Thickness, in. (mm)
max, in. (mm)
7.3), incl
A Over 0.020 to 0.049 (0.51 to 1.24), incl ⁄ (2.4)
3 32
For all diameters in lengths over 24 ft (7.3 m), an additional over tolerance of
Over 0.049 to 0.065 (1.24 to 1.65), incl 18⁄ (3.2)
⁄ in. (3.2 mm) for each 10 ft (3.0 m) or fraction thereof shall be permissible, up to
18
Over 0.065 to 0.083 (1.65 to 2.11), incl 9⁄64(3.6)
a tolerance of 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm), max.
Over 0.083 to 0.095 (2.11 to 2.42), incl 3⁄16(4.8)

Over 0.095 to 0.109 (2.42 to 2.77), incl 13⁄64(5.2)

Over 0.109 to 0.134 (2.77 to 3.40), incl 7⁄32(5.6)

14. Product Marking Over 0.134 to 0.156 (3.40 to 3.96), incl 1⁄4(6.4)

14.1 Civilian Procurement—Each box, bundle or lift, and Over 0.156 to 0.200 (3.96 to 5.08), incl 3⁄8(9.5)

Over 0.200 to 0.250 (5.08 to 6.35), incl 1⁄2(12.7)

piece (when individual pieces are shipped) shall be identified Over 0.250 to 0.375 (6.35 to 9.53), incl 3⁄4(19.1)

by a tag or stencil with the manufacturer’s name or brand,

specified size, purchaser’s order number, this specification Twist Tolerances
number, and grade. Bar coding is acceptable as a supplemen- Twist in 3 ft,
Largest Size, in. (mm) max, in.
tary identification method. Bar coding should be consistent (mm/m)
with the Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) standard
Under 1⁄2 (12.7) 0.050 (1.4)
prepared by the Primary Metals Subcommittee of the AIAG 1⁄2 to 11⁄2 (12.7 to 38.1), incl 0.075 (2.1)
Bar Code Project Team. Over 1 1⁄2 to 2 1⁄2 (38.1 to 63.5), incl 0.095 (2.6)
14.2 Government Procurement—When specified in the con- Over 2 1⁄2 to 4 (63.5 to 101.6), incl 0.125 (3.5)
Over 4 to 6 (101.6 to 152.4) incl 0.250 (6.9)
tract or order, and for direct procurement by or direct shipment Over 6 (152.4) 0.375 (10.4)
to the government, marking for shipment, in addition to Squareness of Sides
requirements specified in the contract or order, shall be in 6 B = C 3 0.006
accordance with MIL-STD-129 for Military agencies and in where:
accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies. B = tolerance for out-of-square, and
C = length of longest side.
15. Packaging The straightness tolerance is 0.075 in. in 3 ft or 2.1 mm in 1 m using a 3-ft
(1-m) straightedge and feeler gage.
15.1 Civilian Procurement—On tubing of 0.065-in. (1.65-
mm) wall and lighter, the manufacturer will, at his option, box,
crate, carton, package in secure lifts or bundles to ensure safe to the government when Level A is specified, preservation,
delivery. Tubing heavier than 0.065-in. wall will normally be packaging, and packing shall be in accordance with the Level
shipped loose, bundled, or in secured lifts. Special packaging A requirements of MIL-STD-163.
requiring extra operations other than those normally used by
the manufacturer must be specified in the order. 16. Keywords
15.2 Government Procurement—When specified in the con- 16.1 austenitic stainless steel; mechanical tubing; stainless
tract or order, and for direct procurement by or direct shipment steel tube; steel tube; welded steel tube

4
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A 554 – 98e1
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order and the necessary tests
made at the mill. Mechanical tests shall be performed in accordance with the applicable sections of
Test Methods and Definitions A 370.

S1. Hardness Test TABLE S2.1 Tensile Requirements (Round Annealed

Condition)
S1.1 Round annealed tubes shall conform to the require-
Tensile Yield Elonga-
ments as to the hardness limits prescribed in Table S1.1. Strength, Strength, tionA
min min in
NOTE S1—There are tubing diameters, walls, or combinations which 2 in.
limit the applicability of particular hardness values. Grade
or
S1.2 When specified, the hardness test shall be performed on a ksi MPa ksi MPa 50
specimen from one tube from each 2500 ft (760 m) or fraction thereof mm,
from each heat of steel. min, %
MT 429 and MT 430 60 414 35 241 20
S2. Tension Test MT-430-Ti 60 414 30 207 20
MT 304 L & MT 316 L 70 483 25 172 35
S2.1 The tubes shall conform to the requirements as to All other austenitic 75 517 30 207 35
tensile properties prescribed in Table S2.1. When cold-reduced steels
tempers are ordered, the manufacturer shall be consulted. A
For longitudinal strip tests, the width of the gage section shall be 1 in. (25.4
S2.2 When the tension test is specified, one test shall be mm) and a deduction of 1.75 percentage points for austenitic grades and 1.0
percentage points for MT 429 and MT 430 shall be permitted from the basic
performed on a specimen from one tube of each lot of 2500 ft minimum elongation for each 1⁄32-in. (0.79-mm) decrease in wall thickness below
(760 m) or fraction thereof from each heat of steel, prior to 5⁄16 in. (7.94 mm).

cutting to length.
S2.3 The yield strength corresponding to a permanent offset
of 0.2 % of the gage length of the specimen or to a total S5. Certification for Government Orders
extension of 0.5 % of the gage length under load shall be
determined. S5.1 A producer’s or supplier’s certification shall be fur-
nished to the government that the material was manufactured,
S3. Nondestructive Test sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this speci-
S3.1 Various types of nondestructive test are available. fication and has been found to meet the requirements. This
When any such test is required, the test to be used and the certificate shall include a report of heat analysis (product
inspection limits shall be specified in the order. analysis when requested in the purchase order), and, when
specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of test
S4. Test Reports results shall be furnished.
S4.1 Mill test reports will be furnished when specified in the
order. S6. Rejection Provisions for Government Orders
S4.2 When specified on the purchase order, or when a
specific type of melting has been specified, the type of melting S6.1 Each length of tubing received from the manufacturer
used to produce the material shall be included with the test may be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does not meet the
report. requirements of the specification based on the inspection and
test method as outlined in the specification, the tube may be
TABLE S1.1 Hardness Requirements (Round Annealed rejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition of
Condition) rejected tubing shall be a matter of agreement between the
Hardness manufacturer and the purchaser.
Grade Brinell, Rockwell S6.2 Material that fails in any of the forming operations or
max B, max in the process of installation and is found to be defective shall
All austenitic 192 90 be set aside, and the manufacturer shall be notified for mutual
MT 429 and MT 430 190 90
MT-430-Ti 190 90 evaluation of the material’s suitability. Disposition of such
material shall be a matter for agreement.

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A 554 – 98e1

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