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åhUyZ {Z`wº$s Ho$br Amho. gXa Zdr _w~§ B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi à^m{dV joÌ 560 Mm¡.{H$._r joÌ\$imMm
n[aga AgyZ Ë`mV 270 Jmdm§Mm g_mdoe Amho.`m_Ü`o am`JS> {OëømVrb 256 Jmdo d Zdr _w~§ B©À`m n{bH$S>rb
R>mUo {Oëhm d àñVm{dV Zdr _w~§ B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi à^m{dV joÌmVrb 14 Jmdo `m§Mm g_mdoe Amho.

Zdr _w~§ B©OdiM dgbobm Z¡Zm àH$ën Zdr _w~§ B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi (Z_wA
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1. H$m` Amho Z¡Zm àH$ën?

_hmamï´> emgZmZo {XZm§H$ 10 OmZodmar 2013 À`m A{YgwMZoÛmao Zdr _w~§ B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi à^m{dV
joÌ (Z¡Zm) åhUyZ am`JS> {OëømVrb 256 Jmdo VgoM R>mUo {OëømVrb 14 JmdmVrb joÌ {_iyZ
560 Mm¡.{H$._r. EdT>çm joÌmH$arVm {gS>H$moMr {deof {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aU åhUyZ {Z`wº$s Ho$br. Ë`mZ§Va
_hmamï´> emgZmZo Z¡Zm àH$ënmMr _`m©Xm 224 Jmdm§nyaVm H$aÊ`mV Ambm. 1
 e§H$m{ZagZ - Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi A{Ygw{MV à^m{dV joÌ (Z¡Zm)

2. Z¡Zm àH$ënmVrb {gS>H$mo _hm_§S>imMr ^y{_H$m H$m`? `m àH$ënmÀ`m {dH$mg

àm{YH$aUmMr O~m~Xmar d A{YH$ma {gS>H$mo _hm_§S>imbm H$moUr {Xbo?

E_AmaQ>rnr H$m`Xm 1966 Vrb VaVyXtA§VJ©V _hmamï´> emgZmZo Z¡Zm àH$ënmgmR>r {deof {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aU
åhUyZ {gS>H$mo _hm_§S>imMr {Z`wº$s Ho$br. `m A§VJ©V àH$ënmMm {dH$mg AmamIS>m, {dH$mg {Z`§ÌU
{Z`_mdbr V`ma H$aUo, {dH$mg nadmZ½`m XoU,o {dH$mgmda {Z`§ÌU Ro>dUo d añVo, emim, é½Umb`o,
H«$sS>mJ§ U, CÚmZo, nmUr nwadR>çmMo g§`̧ U H$aUo, _b {Z…gmaU dm{hÝ`m BË`mXr _yb^yV Am{U gm_m{OH$
nm`m^yV gw{dYm nwa{dUo B. O~m~Xmè`m {gS>H$moda gmon{dÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV.

3. {gS>H$mo _hm_§S>imÀ`m AmYr Z¡Zm àH$ënmMo A{YH$ma H$moUmH$So> hmoVo ?

{gS>H$moMr {deof àm{YH$aU `m ZmË`mZo {Z`wº$s H$aÊ`mgmR>r Z¡Zm àH$ënmÀ`m {dH$mgH$m_mMo

A{YH$ma {Oëhm{YH$mar (am`JS>) `m§À`mH$So> gmon{dÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo. {Oëhm{YH$mè`m§H$So>
E_AmaQ>rnr A{Y{Z`_ 18 Zwgma _w§~B© _hmZJa àXoemÀ`m joÌr` VaVwXtZwgma d E_E_AmaS>rEZo
V`ma Ho$boë`m {dH$mg {Z`§ÌU {Z`_mdbrZwgma nadmZ½`m _§Oya H$aÊ`mMo A{YH$ma àXmZ H$aÊ`mV
Ambo hmoVo.

4. _w§~B© _hmZJa àXoemÀ`m A§VJ©V `oUmè`m O_rZrÀ`m MQ>B©joÌ {ZX}em§H$mMr j_Vm H$m`?

gd©gmYmaU O{_ZrMo dJuH$aU ZmJar joÌ (`w-1), ZmJar joÌ (`w-2), harV joÌ (Or-1), harV
joÌ (Or-2) `mà_mUo H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. harV joÌ (Or-1) d harV joÌ (Or-2) PmoZ_Yrb
O{_ZrMr {dH$mgj_Vm gmYmaUnUo 0.05 Vo 0.1 À`m loUr_Ü`o hmoVr. O_rZ _mbH$sÀ`m
AmH$mamZwgma, 1 Am{U 2 À`m A§VJ©V Agboë`m O_rZrMm MQ>B©joÌ {ZX}em§H$ 0.2 Vo 0.35 hmoVm.
VWm{n, JmdR>mUnmgyZ 200 _r. AmVrb O{_ZrMm MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ 1.0 hmoVm.

5. Zdr _w§~B© eha d Z¡Zm `oWrb {gS>H$moÀ`m ^y{_Ho$V H$m` \$aH$ Agob?

Zdr _w§~B© àH$ënmVrb gd© joÌ gmd©O{ZH$ dmnamH$aVm Amdí`H$ Agë`mZo `m gd© joÌmMo 100%
g§nmXZ Ano{jV Amho. na§Vw Z¡Zm àH$ënmV A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmVrb AmajUo d {dH$mg H|$Ðo
`m ì`{V[aº$ AgUmè`m O{_ZrMr _mbH$s hr O_rZ _mbH$m§MrM amhUma Amho.

{gS>H$moÀ`m Zdr _w§~B© àH$ënmV ^yI§S>mn`ªV nm`m^yV gw{dYm nya{dë`m OmVmV. _mÌ {deof {Z`moOZ
àm{YH$aU åhUyZ Z¡Zm àH$ënmV {gS>H$mo_m\©$V eha nmVirn`ªVÀ`m nm`m^yV gw{dYm nya{dÊ`mV
`oUo Ano{jV Amho. aoIm§H$ZmVrb A§VJ©V nm`m^yV godm-gw{dYm§Mm {dH$mg hm O_rZ _mbH$mZo H$aUo
Ano{jV Amho.
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6. Z¡Zm àH$ënmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ ^yYmaH$m§Zm H$gm Z\$m hmoUma Amho?

Z¡Zm àH$ënm_wio ^yYmaH$m§Zm {dH$mg AmamIS>çmV gh^mJr hmoD$Z Ë`m§À`m O_rZrMr j_Vmd¥ÜXr
H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr {_iUma AgyZ Ë`m_wio gÜ`m àM{bV Agboë`m MQ>B©joÌ {ZX}em§H$mVhr dmT> hmoUma
Amho. O{_ZrMr {dH$mg j_Vm Z J_dVm Amnbr O_rZ ñdoÀNo>Zo ^m¡{VH$ d gm_m{OH$ godm gw{dYm§À`m
{dH$mgmgmR>r hñVmV§[aV H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr ^yYmaH$mg Z¡Zm àH$ënm_wio gXa {dH$mg àmá hmoUma Amho.

7. _w§~B© _hmZJa àXoe `moOZm Am{U Z¡Zm àH$ën `moOZoVrb \$aH$ H$m` ?

_w§~B© _hmZJa àXoe `moOZoV à^mJ{Zhm` R>iH$ ^ydmna Xe©{dbm Amho. Va Z¡Zm àH$ënmV ^m¡VrH$ d
gm_m{OH$ gw{dYm§Mr AmajUo Ë`m§À`m A§_b~OmdUrÀ`m `§ÌUogh àñVm{dV Ho$br Amho.

8. MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ åhUOo H$m`?

E\$EgAm` åhUOo MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$. EImÚm ^yIS§ >mÀ§ `m joÌ\$imda OmñVrV OmñV {H$Vr joÌ\$imMo
~m§YH$m_ H$aVm `oB©b ho MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ Xe©{dVmo. CXm. MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}emH$ 1.0 gh 100 Mm¡._r
À`m ^yI§S>mda OmñVrV OmñV ~m§YH$m_ joÌ 100 Mm¡._r Amho. gXa ~m§YH$m_ H$aVmZm `mo½` àH$me d
IoiVr hdm Am{U dmhZVi, A{¾e_ godogmR>r OmJm B gw{dYm AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. `m_wio
AZwk`o ~m§YH$m_joÌ dmna H$aVmZm hmoV Agë`m_wio B_maVrMr C§Mr EH$mnojm OmñV _Oë`m§Mr ~m§Ymdr
bmJob.

9. _w§~B© _hmZJa àXoe `moOZoZwgma Z¡Zm joÌmVrb O{_ZrMr {dH$mg j_Vm {H$Vr Amho?

_w§~B© _hmZJa àXoe `moOZoZwgma Z¡Zm àH$ënmVrb O_rZr `m JmdR>mU, JmdR>mUmnmgyZ 200 _rQ>aMm
n[aga, {deof Q>mCZ{en àmoOoŠQ²>g, aoÊQ>b hmD$qgJ àmoOoŠQ²>g, `y 1 / `y 2 / Or 1 / Or 2 PmoZ_wio
{d^mJbobo Jobobo _moRo> ^yI§S> Aem àH$maMo AmhoV. 3
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JmdR>mUmnmgyZ 200 _rQ>aÀ`m n[agamVrb joÌmgmR>r MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ 1.0 Amho, `mì`Vrarº$
`y-1 d `y-2 PmoZ_Ü`o `oUmè`m ^yI§S>m§gmR>r MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ 0.2 Vo 0.35 BVH$m Amho.

Or 1 d Or 2 joÌmVrb O_rZrMm n`m©daUr` H$b bjmV KoD$Z Ë`m PmoZ_Yrb ^yI§S>m§gmR>r 0.05 Vo
0.10 BVH$m MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ AZwko` Amho.

Z¡Zm àH$ënmgmR>r {gS>H$moMr {deof {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aU åhUyZ Zo_UyH$ hmoÊ`mAmYr _w§~B© _hmZJa
àXoemVrb O_rZrMr {dH$mg j_Vm A{Ve` H$_r hmoVr VgoM `m ^mJmV ^m¡{VH$ d gm_m{OH$
gw{dYm§Mm {dH$mg H$aÊ`mg H$moUVrhr {Z`moOZ g§ñWm V`ma ZìhVr.

CXm. Oa EImÚm ^yYmaH$mH$So> 2000 Mm¡. _r. Mm ^yIS§ > Agob Va _w~§ B© _hmZJa àXoe {Z`_mdbrZwgma
VoWo \$º$ 400 Mm¡._r. ~m§YH$m_mMr nadmZJr hmoVr.

A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmÀ`m _§OyarZ§Va, Oa EImXm ^yYmaH$ Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoV Zgob Va
Ë`mg 1000 Mm¡._r. ~m§YH$m_mMr nadmZJr Agob.

10. Oa AO©Xma Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoV Agob Va Ë`mbm ~m§YH$m_mgmR>r 1000 Mm¡._r.
joÌmMr nadmZJr Agob. Ë`m{edm`, AO©XmamMr O_rZ Oa A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmVrb
AmajUmImbr `oV Agob Va Ë`mg 2,000 Mm¡ag _rQ>a joÌmBVH$m hñVmV§aUr` {dH$mg
A{YH$ma {_iob. Z¡Zm àH$ënmÀ`m {dH$mgmÀ`m ~m~V {gS>H$moMm Ñ{ï>H$moZ H$m` Amho?

Z¡Zm àH$ënmMr {dH$mg j_Vm g_OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r nwT>rb 5-10 dfm©À`m H$mbmdYrV hmoUmè`m
4
{dH$mgmgmR>rMr Z¡g{J©H$ j_Vm, añVo OmoS>Ur, Zdr _w§~B© ehamer Agbobo gm{ÞÜ`, ^m¡Jmo{bH$ aMZm
 d _w§~B© _hmZJa àXoemVrb joÌr` VaVyXr B. _mnX§S>mda AmYm[aV gd}jU H$aÊ`mV Ambo. Z¡Zm
àXoemMr 5 PmoZ_Ü`o {d^mJUr H$aÊ`mV Ambr. gXa 5 PmoZ `m§Mo {dH$mgmgmR>r CnbãY Agbobo
^yI§S>, ^m¡{VH$ {dH$mgmMm H$b, Zdr _w§~B©er gm{ÞÜ`Vm, Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVimMm à^md,
n`m©daUr` g§doXZerb Agbobr joÌo `m _mnX§S>mda _yë`m§H$Z H$aÊ`mV Ambo. gXa _yë`m§H$ZmV àmá
Pmboë`m JwUm§da g§nyU© joÌ XmoZ Q>ßß`mV {d^mJÊ`mV Ambo Q>ßnm-1 Am{U Q>ßnm-2.

Q>ßnm-1 _Yrb àXoe ZOrH$À`m ^{dî`H$mimV {dH$mgmMr j_Vm Xe©{dV Amho. Q>ßnm-2 _Yrb
àXoe Oar bJoM nyU© ZmJar {dH$mgmgmR>r gj_ Zgbm Var ^{dî`H$mimV VoWo {dH$mg H$aVm `oB©b.
Q>ßnm-2 _Yrb àXoemMo Xa 5 dfmªZr narjU H$aÊ`mV `oB©b d Ë`mZwgma gXa àXoemgmR>r {dH$mg
AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mV `oB©b.

11. A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m H$m V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm?

AñVrËdmV Agbobo 36.83 Mm¡.{H$._r. (3683 ho.) joÌ Agboë`m A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmVrb
ñWmZ nZdob bJV Agë`m_wio {gS>H$moÛmao {dH$grV Ho$boë`m nm`m^yV gw{dYm§Mm {dñVma Am`S>rnr
joÌmn`ªV H$aVm `oB©b.

12. A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m 1À`m A§VJ©V H$moUË`m Jmdm§Mm g_mdoe Amho?

am`JS> {OëømVrb nZdob VmbwŠ`mVrb Jmdo A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m-1 _Ü`o g_m{dï> Agbobr
Jmdo Imbrbà_mUo AmhoV

H«$_m§H$ Jmd H«$_m§H$ Jmd

1 AmXB© 14 Zoao
2 AmHw$bu 15 niñno
3 ~obdbr 16 nmbrIwX©
4 ~moZeoV 17 nmbrXodX
5 ~mob} 18 gm§JS>o
6 {MIbo 19 {ebmoÎma am`Mya
7 {Mnio 20 {edH$a
8 S>oadbr 21 Cg{b©IwX©
9 XodX> 22 {dMy§~o
10 H$moiIo 23 {d{hKa
11 H$moZ
12 H$moàmobr
13 _mohmo 5
 e§H$m{ZagZ - Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi A{Ygw{MV à^m{dV joÌ (Z¡Zm)

13) emgZmÛmao {ZYm©[aV à{H«$`m H$m` Amho?

 _hmamï´> àmXo{eH$ {Z`moOZ d ZJaaMZm A{Y{Z`_ 1966 _Yrb H$b_ 40 À`m CnH$b_ (1)
À`m I§S> (~r) A§VJ©V VaVwXrZwgma {gS>H$moMr {deof {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aU åhUyZ {Z`wº$r H$aÊ`mV
Ambr Amho.

 _hmamï´> emgZ emgH$s` amOnÌ (^mJ-2) Jwê$dma Vo ewH$« dma, {XZm§H$ 15 Vo 21 _o 2014 Zwgma
{gS>H$mo_m\©$V A{Ygy{MV joÌmgmR>r {dH$mg AmamIS>m V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo Omhra gyMZm àH$m{eV
H$ê$Z H$aÊ`mV Ambm.

 Cº$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$b_ 32 Zwgma Jwê$dma, {X. 7 Am°JñQ> 2014 amoOrÀ`m _hmamï´> emgZ
amOnÌ ^mJ-2, H«$. 53 _Ü`o {ZX}{eV Ho$boë`m joÌmgmR>r A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m V`ma
H$aÊ`m~m~V gyMZm àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambr hmoVr.

 Cº$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$b_ 25 d H$b_ H«$. 32 _Ü`o A§VJ©V VaVwXrZwgma, {gS>H$moZo A§V[a_
{dH$mg AmamIS>çmVrb O{_ZrMo gd}jU Ho$ë`mZ§Va ApñVËdmV Agbobm ^ydmna AmamIS>m
V`ma Ho$bm.

 {gS>H$mo g§MmbH$ _§S>imÀ`m {X. 11 Am°JñQ> 2014 À`m ~¡R>H$sV Z¡Zm àH$ënmVrb 23 Jmdm§Mm
àmê$n A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m d {dH$mg {Z`§ÌU {Z`_mdbr d Ahdmb _§Oya Ho$bm.

 `mZ§Va {XZm§H$ 13 Am°JñQ> 2014 À`m _hmamï´> emgZ AgmYmaU amOnÌ ^mJ-2 H«$. 54 OZVoH$Sy>Z
Vrg {XdgmÀ`m AmV gwMZm d haH$Vr _mJ{dÊ`mH$arVm gwMZm à{gÕ H$aÊ`mV Ambr.

 OZVoÀ`m {dZ§VrZ§Va haH$Vr d gwMZm gmXa H$aÊ`mMr _wXV naV 30 {Xdgm§Zr (åhUOo 10
Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2014 n`ªV) dmT>{dÊ`mV Ambr.

 Cº$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$b_ 28, CnH$b_ (2) gh H$b_ 32 AÝd`o _hmamï´> emgZmZo {Z`moOZ
g{_VrMr {Z`wº$s Ho$br.

 Cº$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m H$b_ 28, CnH$b_ (3) gh H$b_ 32 AÝd`o à{gÜX Pmboë`m A§V[a_
{dH$mg AmamIS>çmg§X^m©V {d{hV _wXVrV Ahdmb àmá Pmboë`m gyMZm d haH$Vr g§~§YrMm
Ahdmb {Z`moOZ g{_VrZo {gS>H$mo _hm_§S>img gmXa Ho$bm.

 {gS>H$mo g§MmbH$ _§S>imZo 18 gßQ|>~a 2015 À`m ~¡R>H$sV {Z`moOZ g{_VrZo gmXa Ho$boë`m
Ahdmbmda AmYmarV Z¡ZmVrb 23 Jmdm§À`m àmê$n A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m d {dH$mg
{Z`§ÌU {Z`_mdbtV ~Xb Ho$boV.
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  Cº$ H$m`ÚmÀ`m A{Y{Z`_ 28 À`m Cn-H$b_ (4) gh H$b_ 32 AÝd`o, AmamIS>m d
{dH$mg {Z`§ÌU {Z`_mdbr/Ahdmb OZVobm nmhÊ`mH$arVm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV `oB©b.
Ë`mg§X^m©V emgH$s` amOnÌmV gyMZm à{gÕ H$aÊ`mV Ambr.

 E_Ama A±S> Q>rnr A°ŠQ>, 1966 À`m H$b_ 30 AÝd`o {XZm§H$ 21-09-2015 amoOr gXa
{dH$mg AmamIS>m emgZmg gmXa H$aÊ`mV Ambm. {X. 27.04.2017 amoOrÀ`m g§X^© H«$.
Q>rnrEg -1215 / 245 / grAma 332/2015 / EgE_ / `yS>r -12 AÝd`o A§V[a_
{dH$mg AmamIS>m emgZmZo _§Oya Ho$bm. Ë`mM~amo~a, H$mhr dJiboë`m ^mJm§gmR>r gyMZm /
haH$Vr _mJ{dÊ`mgmR>r Omhra gyMZm àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV Ambr.

14. Z¡Zm `moOZm åhUOo H$m`?

Z¡Zm hr ñdopÀN>H$ `moOZm AgyZ "Z¡Zm `moOZo'_Ü`o gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r H$_rV H$_r dm EH$ÌrV 10
hoŠQ>a O_rZ AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mMo g{dñVa Vnerb nwT>rb à_mUo:-

A) `m àH$ënmgmR>r 40% O_rZ Z¡Zm àm{YH$aUmg XoÊ`mV `oB©b. Cd©[aV 60% O_rZ _mbH$mH$So>
amhrb. 40% O{_ZrÀ`m OmJoV añVo, _moH$ù`m OmJm, gw{dYm Am{U {dH$mg H|$Ð `m§Mo AmajU
AgUma Amho.

Am) ^yYmaH$mH$So> Agboë`m 60% O_rZrgmR>r OmñVrV OmñV AZwko` MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ 1.7
Agob. `mÛmao àH$ënmgmR>r hñVm§V[aV Ho$boë`m 40% O{_ZrMr {dH$mgj_Vm 60% O_rZrda
dmnaVm `oB©b.

B) ^yYmaH$mH$So> Agboë`m O_rZrg AZwko` dmna {Zdmgr, dm{UpÁ`H$, {Zdmgr d dm{UpÁ`H$,

hm°Qo>ëg, H$m`m©b`o B. AgVrb.

B©) 60 Q>¸o$ O{_Zrda H$aÊ`mV `oUmè`m ~m§YH$m_ joÌmn¡H$s 20 Q>¸o$ ~m§YH$m_ joÌ Am{W©H$ Ñï>çm
Xw~©b d Aën CËnÞ JQ>mgmR>rÀ`m J¥h{Z_m©U `moOZogmR>r amIrd Ro>dÊ`mV `oB©b d `m A{V[aº$
MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$mMo ~m§YH$m_ joÌ _mo\$V XoÊ`mV `oB©b. `mà_mUo ~m§YH$m_ H$aÊ`mV Ambobr
Am{W©H$ Ñï>çm Xw~©b d Aën CËnÞ JQ>m§Mr Kao {gS>H$mog nyd©{ZYm©[aV Xamà_mUo hñVmV§[aV
H$aÊ`mV `oVrb. {gS>H$moÛmam `m CËnÞ JQ>m§À`m Kam§Mr {dH«$r gmoS>VrÛmam H$aÊ`mV `oB©b. Am{W©H$
Ñï>çm Xw~©b JQ>mMr J¥h{Z_m©U `moOZoMm `mnwT>rb n`m©` CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV `oVrb. Am{W©H$
Ñï>çm Xw~©b JQ>mgmR>r Agbobr O_rZ aoS>r aoH$Za XamZo {gS>H$mo hñVmV§[aV H$aVm `oD$ eHo$b.
Ë`mMà_mUo ^yYmaH$mg BVaÌ Agboë`m ^yIS§ >mda XoIrb Am{W©H$ Ñï>çm Xw~b
© JQ>mgmR>r J¥h{Z_m©U
`moOZm am~{dÊ`mMr nadmZJr XoÊ`mV `oB©b.
7
 e§H$m{ZagZ - Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi A{Ygw{MV à^m{dV joÌ (Z¡Zm)

C) MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ Z J_{dVm A§VJ©V añVo d _moH$ù`m OmJm `m§Mr VaVyX {Z`_mà_mUo
H$amdr bmJob.

D$) ^yYmaH$mH$So> Agboë`m 60 Q>¸o$ OmJodarb gw{dYm§_Ü`o A§VJ©V añVo d Iwë`m OmJm§Mm g_mdoe
Agob Á`m ^yYmaH$mg ({ZYm©arV H$mb_`m©XoV) {dH${gV H$aUo Amdí`H$ amhrb VgoM Ë`m§À`m
XoI^mbrMr O~m~Xmar ^yYmaH$m§da amhrb.

E) Oa ^yYmaH$mZo {dH${gV Ho$boë`m gw{dYm {gS>H$mo _hm_§S>img hñVmV§[aV Ho$ë`m Va {dH${gV

Ho$boë`m ^yI§S>mBVH$m MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ VgoM nm`m^yV gw{dYm§À`m ~m§YH$m_ IM© `m g_
qH$_Vr BVH$m MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ ^yYmaH$mg XoÊ`mV `oB©b.

Eo) Oa AmajUm_wio 40 Q>¸$çm§hÿZ A{YH$ OmJoda n[aUm_ hmoV Agob Va ^yYmaH$mg 40 Q>¸$çmhÿZ
A{YH$ Agboë`m O_rZrÀ`m ~Xë`mV Am{W©H$ ^anmB© qH$dm hñVmV§[aV {dH$mg A{YH$mamMm
(Q>rS>rAma) n`m©` XoÊ`mV `oB©b.

Amo) ehamÀ`m {dH$mgmgmR>r ^yYmaH$mZo 40 Q>¸$o O_rZrMo `moJXmZ {Xbo Agë`m_wio MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$
g§b¾ FLP (FSI Link Premium) A{V[aº$ ewëH$ bmJy amhUma Zmhr. _mÌ {Z`_mdbrZwgma
{dH$mg ewëH$ bmJy Agob.

Am¡) Z¡Zm `moOZo hÔr_Yrb {dH$mg AmamIS>çmVrb AmajU Agë`mg Vo Ë`m `moOZoÀ`m hÔrVM
ñWbm§VarV H$aÊ`mMr _w^m Agob.

8
15. Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoUmè`m§Zm H$em àH$mao bm^ {_iob ?

Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoVm§Zm O{_ZrMm nwaonya `mo½` dmna H$aÊ`mV `oUma Amho. g§nyU© O_rZrMm MQ>B©
joÌ {ZX}em§H$ 60% O{_Zrda CnbãY H$ê$Z {_iob. gh^mJr hmoUmè`m ^yYmaH$m§Zm MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$
g§~Yr A{V[aº$ ewëH$mVyZ FLP (FSI Link Premium) gyQ> XoÊ`mV `oUma Amho. B_maVtÀ`m
C§Mrda H$moUVohr ~§YZo ZmhrV. AmajUmImbr O_rZ gbJ Zgbr Var Z¡Zm `moOZoV {dMmamV KoVbr
OmD$ eH$Vo .

16. gbJ O_rZ Zgboë`m ^yYmaH$mgmR>r Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r H$moUVo n`m©`
CnbãY AmhoV?

A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m-1 à_mUo Á`m ^yYmaH$m§Mr AmajUmImbrb O_rZ gbJ Zgob Vo Z¡Zm
`moOZogmR>r nmÌ R>aÊ`mgmR>r Amnbr O_rZ àmW{_H$ gbJ O_rZrer Amnbr O_rZ OmoSy> eH$VmV.

17. Z¡Zm `moOZoA§VJ©V 40% nojm A{YH$ O_rZ Ama{jV Agë`mg H$m` hmoB©b?

Á`m O_rZ _mbH$mZo 40% hÿZ A{YH$ O_rZ `m àH$ënmA§VJ©V XoUma Amho. Ë`m§Zm _mo~Xë`mgmR>r
Imbrb à_mUo n`m©` CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV `oB©b.
 A{Zdm`© Agboë`m 40% hÿZ A{YH$ O_rZrÀ`m 2 nQ> MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ Q>rS>rAma.
 O{_Zr g__yë` Am{W©H$ ^anmB©

18. Z¡Zm `moOZoV 40% nojm H$_r OmJm Ama{jV Agë`mg H$m` ?

gh^mJr ^yYmaH$ 40 Q>¸$çmnojm H$_r Agboë`m OmJoBVHo$ àH$ënmg `moJXmZ XoB©b.

19. Z¡Zm `moOZoVrb gh^mJr ^yYmaH$m§Zm A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m-1 _Yrb

AmajUmImbrb OmJoMm {dH$mg H$aÊ`mMm n`m©` CnbãY Amho H$m?

gh^mJr ^yYmaH$m§Zm Imbrb n`m©` CnbãY AmhoV:

n`m©` 1: Z¡Zm `moOZoV ^mJ KoVboë`m ^yYmaH$/{dH$mgH$mg Ë`mÀ`m AmajUmImbrb 40 Q>¸o$

^yI§S>mda ~m§YH$m_ H$ê$Z {dH$mg ì`dñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m Agob Va àW_ Vmo gXa
Ama{jV O_rZ Z¡Zm {deof {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aUmg hñVmV§[aV H$aob. VXZVa Z¡Zm {deof
{Z`moOZ àm{YH$aU gXa Ama{jV ^yI§S> Ë`mM ^yYmaH$mg {deof AQ>tda ^mSo>VËdmda
naV H$aob.
9
 e§H$m{ZagZ - Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi A{Ygw{MV à^m{dV joÌ (Z¡Zm)

n`m©` 2: Z¡Zm `moOZoV ^mJ KoVboë`m ^yYmaH$/{dH$mgH$mg Ë`mÀ`m AmajUmImbrb 40 Q>¸$o ^yIS§ >mda
Ho$di ~m§YH$m_ H$ê$Z gXa ^yI§S> {gS>H$mog hñVmV§[aV H$aÊ`mMr BÀN>m Agob Va ~m§YH$m_
IMm©À`m qH$_VrEdT>m hñVm§VaUr` {dH$mg A{YH$ma gXa ^yYmaH$mg XoÊ`mV `oB©b. Ë`mZ§Va
gXa {dH${gV Ho$bobm ^yI§S> Z¡Zm {deof {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aU BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr g§ñWog {deof
AQ>tda ^mSo>VËdmda XoB©b.

ho n`m©` Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr Z hmoUmè`m ^yYmaH$mg XoIrb CnbãY AgVrb. gXa n`m©`mÀ`m
A§_b~OmdUrgmR>r {gS>H$moMm {ZU©` A§{V_ amhrb.

{dH$mg H|$ÐmVrb AmajUmImbr Agboë`m O_rZrMo gd© h¸$ Z¡Zm {deof {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aUmH$So>M
amhVrb. {dH$mg H|$ÐmgmR>r gXa n`m©` CnbãY amhUma ZmhrV.

20. {dH$mg AmamIS>çmVrb àñVm{dV añË`mÀ`m {dH$mgH$m_mMr nadmZJr Z¡Zm `moOZoVrb

gh^mJr ^yYmaH$mg XoÊ`mV `oBb
© H$m?

hmo`.

21. Z¡Zm `moOZoÀ`m 60% ^yI§S>mdarb nm`m^yV gmo`r d gw{dYm§Mm {dH$mg H$moU H$aob?

60% ^yI§S>mdarb nm`m^yV gmo`r d gw{dYm ^yYmaH$ {dH${gV H$aVrb.

22. Z¡Zm joÌmVrb {dÚ_mZ ~m§YH$m_o H$em àH$mao hmVmibr OmVrb?

Oa {dÚ_mZ ~m§YH$m_o gj_ àm{YH$aUmH$Sy>Z _mÝ`Vmàmá Agë`mg d `mo½` pñWVrV AgVrb

Va MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$mV Amdí`H$ \o$a\$ma H$ê$Z Z¡Zm `moOZoV g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV `oVrb.
AZ{YH¥$V ~m§YH$m_ Agboë`m ^yI§S>mdarb ~m§YH$m_o {ZîH$m{gV H$ê$Z Z¡Zm `moOZoV gXa ^yI§S>
g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV `oB©b. {ZîH$m{gV Ho$boë`m ^yI§S>mgmR>r H$moUVmhr A{V[aº$ MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$
XoÊ`mV `oUma Zmhr.

23. Z¡Zm `moOZoV ^mJ KoUo ~§YZH$maH$ Amho H$m`?

Zmhr, Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoUo ho nyU©nUo EopÀN>H$ Amho. VWm{n, Z¡Zm `moOZoVrb gh^mJr Z hmoUmè`m
^yYmaH$m§Zm 0.5 MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ {_iob Am{U MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$mer g§b¾ A{V[aº$ ewëH$ 30%
aoS>r aoH$Za à_mUo AXm H$amdo bmJob.

10
24. Z¡Zm `moOZm d Z¡Zm ì`{V[aº$ `moOZoVrb \$μaH$ H$m` ?

Z¡Zm `moOZm Z¡Zm ì`{V[aº$ `moOZm

A{YH$V_ MQ>B© joÌ\$i {ZX}em§H$ _§Oya 1.70 A{YH$V_ MQ>B© joÌ\$i {ZX}em§H$ _§Oya 0.5
(`moOZoÀ`m 60% O{_Zrda)
MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$mer g§b¾ A{V[aº$ ewëH$ MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$mer g§b¾ A{V[aº$ ewëH$
AXm H$aUo Amdí`H$ Zmhr AXm H$aUo Amdí`H$
nm`m^yV gw{dYm§gmR>r 40 Q>¸o$ O_rZrMo `moJXmZ nm`m^yV gw{dYm d {dH$mg H|$ÐmgmR>r
Q>rS>rAma qH$dm EbEAmaAma H$m`ÚmZwgma
^yg§nmXZ
40% A{YH$ àH$ënmMr hñVm§VaUr` {dH$mg nm`m^yV gw{dYm d {dH$mg H|$ÐmgmR>r
A{YH$ma qH$dm Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrÛmam ^anmB© Q>rS>rAma qH$dm EbEAmaAma H$m`ÚmZwgma
^yg§nmXZ
{gS>H$moÛmam n`m©daUr` _§Oyar {gS>H$moÛmam n`m©daUr` _§Oyar
Am{W©H$ Ñï>çm Xw~©b d Aën CËnÞ JQ>mgmR>r Am{W©H$ Ñï>çm Xw~©b d Aën CËnÞ JQ>mgmR>r
20 Q>¸o$ A{V[aº$ ~m§Yrd joÌ\$i 20 Q>¸o$ A{V[aº$ ~m§Yrd joÌ\$i

25) Z¡Zm `moOZoMm à^md (AmH$ma) H$_r Ho$bm OmB©b H$m?

Z¡Zm `moOZogmR>r ZdrZ n`m©` V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. `m n`m©`m_Ü`o 7.5 Vo 10 hoŠQ>a loUrVrb
^yYmaH$ XoIrb Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJ KoD$ eH$VmV Am{U 50:50 VËdmda ñdV:H$So> amIyZ Ro>dboë`m
50 Q>¸o$ O_rZrda 2 MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$ àmá H$ê$ eH$VmV. 10.0 hoŠQ>anojm OmñV O_rZrgmR>r
^yI§S> gh^mJ JwUmoÎma Am{U MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$m_Ü`o H$moUVmhr ~Xb H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Zmhr.

26. ehar Jmdm§_Ü`o Z¡Zm `moOZogmR>r H$m` nmÌVm {ZH$f Amho (JmdR>mUmnmgyZ 200 _rQ>a)?

ehar Jmdm§_Ü`o Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ joÌ\$i 4.0 hoŠQ>a (10 EH$a) Amho.
Z¡Zm `moOZoMm bm^ KoÊ`mgmR>r g§nyU© 4.0 hoŠQ>a O_rZ JmdR>UmnmgyZ 200 _r. À`m AmV AgUo
Amdí`H$ Amho.

27. ehar Jmdm§_Ü`o Z¡Zm `moOZogmR>r C§MrgmR>r H$moUVr _`m©Xm Amho?

Zmhr. Ho$di A{¾e_Z godm Am{U EAanmoQ©> AWm°[aQ>r Am°\$ B§{S>`mÀ`m {Z~ªYm§Zwgma C§Mrda
11
_`m©Xm Agob.
 e§H$m{ZagZ - Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi A{Ygw{MV à^m{dV joÌ (Z¡Zm)

28. ehar Jmdm§_Ü`o 13.5 _r. nojm OmñV C§M B_maVtMo ~m§YH$m_ H$aÊ`mg nadmZJr Amho H$m?

Z¡Zm `moOZoA§VJ©V `oV Zgboë`m ehar Jmdm§_Ü`o amÁ` gaH$maZo Z¡Zm ì`{V[aº$ `moOZogmR>r 16 _rQ>a
C§MrMr nadmZJr _§Owa Ho$br Amho. VWm{n, ehar Jmdm§VJ©V Z¡Zm `moOZogmR>r C§MrMo H$moUVohr
~§YZ Zmhr.

29. Z¡Zm joÌm_Yrb `moOZm§gmR>r {dH$mg nadmZJr XoÊ`mMr à{H«$`m H$m` Amho?

"Z¡Zm `moOZoMm àñVmd à^mdrnUo am~{dÊ`mH$arVm, {gS>H$moZo `m `moOZoV ^mJ KoVboë`m ^yYmaH$m§À`m
\$m`ÚmgmR>r {dñV¥V {Z`moOZ AmamIS>m V`ma Ho$bm Amho. `m `moOZo A§VJ©V ho gw{ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV
Ambo Amho H$s O{_ZrMr nwZa©MZm H$éZ _yi ^yYmaH$mbm naV XoÊ`mZo àË`oH$ gh^mJr ^yYmaH$mbm
O_rZrMm ñnï> _mbH$s h¸$ àXmZ H$aVm `oB©b. `m à{H«$`oMm Vnerb Imbr {Xë`mà_mUo Amho:

1. Z¡Zm `moOZoV ^mJ KoÊ`mÀ`m BÀNw>H$ gd© ^yYmaH$m§Zr AmnmngmV gm_§Oñ` H$ama H$ê$Z {gS>H$mo
d BVa emgH$s` H$m`m©b`m§_Ü`o AO© _§Oya H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r {deof nm°da Am°\$ AQ>ZuÛmam
{deof à{V{ZWtMr Zo_UyH$ H$aUo Amdí`H$ amhrb.

2. O{_Z _mbH$mZo {Z`wº$ Ho$bobm à{V{ZYr gd© ^yYmaH$m§À`m O_rZ _mbH$s h¸$mÀ`m H$mJXnÌm§gh
{gS>H$moZo Z_yX Ho$boë`m _gyÚmà_mUo d àmW{_H$ Vnerbdma àñVmd {gS>H$mog gmXa H$aob.

3. àmá Pmboë`m H$mJXnÌm§Mr àmW{_H$ N>mZZr {gS>H$mo àm{YH$aUmÛmao Ho$ë`mZ§Va Img H$ê$Z
O_rZ _mbH$s h¸$mÀ`m (ÌwQ>r _wº$) H$mJXnÌm§~m~V Vnerbdma ImVaO_m Ho$br OmB©b.

4. H$m`Xoera H$mJXnÌo àmá Pmë`mZ§Va, ^yYmaH$m§À`m à{V{ZYter MMm© H$ê$Z {gS>H$mog hñVmV§[aV
H$amd`mÀ`m 40 Q>¸o$ O_rZrMo ñWmZ O_rZ {gS>H$moÛmam {ZpíMV Ho$bo OmB©b.

5. gXa `moOZm ñWm{ZH$ d¥ÎmnÌm§V à{gÜX Ho$br OmB©b VgoM Jmd n§Mm`V H$m`m©b`o `oWohr àX{e©V
Ho$br OmVrb, VÖ§Va ^yYmaH$, gm_mÝ` ZmJ[aH$ qH$dm BVa ^mJYmaH$m§H$Sy>Z gyMZm d haH$Vr
_mJ{dÊ`mV `oVrb. àmá Pmboë`m gyMZm d haH$VtMr {gS>H$moÀ`m _w»` ^y d gd}jU
A{WH$mè`m§_m\©$V N>mZZr Ho$br OmB©b, d J§^ra ÌwQ>r AmT>iyZAmë`mg, gXa ~m~ _hgyb
àm{YH$aUmÀ`m {ZXe©Zmg AmUyZ {Xbr OmB©b. _hgyb àm{YH$aUmÀ`m {e\$magtÀ`m AmYmamda,
ñnoeb nm°da Am°\$ Q>ZuYmaH$mÀ`m g„m_gbVrZo {gS>H$moÛmam J§^ra ÌwQ>r Agboë`m ^yI§S>
`moOZoVyZ dJiÊ`mV `oVrb.

6. O{_ZrÀ`m _mbH$s h¸$mer g§~§{YV IQ>bo {d{dY Ý`m`mb`mV àb§{~V Agy eH$VmV. Aem
12 àH$aUm§_Ü`o g§~§{YV IQ>ë`mer g§~§{YV njH$mam§Mm Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMm _mZg
Agob Va ZmoQ>ar Ho$boë`m à{VkmnÌmÛmao Ë`m§Zm {deof nadmZJr {Xbr OmD$ eH$Vo.
 7. `mZ§Va {gS>H$moÛmam ^yYmaH$m§Zm ñdmañ` nÌ {Xbo OmB©b, VgoM (DySLR) S>rdm`EgEbAma
Ûmam Ho$bobo g§`wº$ O_rZ _moO_mn, gh^mJr hmoV Agboë`m ^yYmaH$m§Mm dmQ>m Xe©{dUmam
Vnerbdma AmamIS>m, {dH$mg {Z`§ÌU {Z`_mdbrVrb VaVyXtda AmYm[aV AmamIS>m, {gS>H$mog
hñVmV§[aV H$amd`mMr 40 Q>¸$o O_rZ Am{U AmamIS>çmg{hV gd© ^yYmaH$m§Zr ñdmjè`m Ho$bobm
Zm|XUrH¥$V ghH$m`© H$amaZm_m (_gwÚmZwgma) B. A{V[aº$ H$mJXnÌm§Mr _mJUr {gS>H$moÛmam
Ho$br OmB©b.

8. Cn-{Z~§YH$mÀ`m H$m`m©b`mg `moOZoÀ`m (LoI) ñdmañ` nÌm~m~V gy{MV Ho$bo OmB©b

OoUoH$ê$Z gh^mJr hmoV Agboë`m ^yYmaH$m§À`m O_rZrMo AmXmZ-àXmZ {gS>H$moMo Zm haH$V
à_mUnÌmZ§VaM H$aVm `oB©b.

9. g§`wº$ O_rZ _moO_mnm§da AmYm[aV 60 Q>¸o$ ^yI§S>m§gmR>r à{V{ZYrÛmam Vnerbdma AmamIS>m

V`ma Ho$bm OmB©b Á`mV gh^mJr ^yYmaH$m§Zm Ë`m§Mm g§~§{YV dmQ>m àmá hmoB©b. àm{YH¥$V
à{V{ZYtÛmam àmá Pmboë`m AmamIS>çmZ§Va, A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmÀ`m {dH$mg {Z`§ÌU
{Z`_mdbtÀ`m AYrZ amhÿZ {gS>H$moÛmam gXa AmamIS>çmMr N>mZZr Ho$br OmB©b.

10. {gS>H$mo d à{V{ZYtÀ`m g„m_gbVtZVa nwZ©a{MV AmamIS>çmg A§{V_ ñdê$n {Xbo OmB©b,
Ë`mZ§Va g§~§{YV ^yYmaH$m§_Ü`o AmnngmV ghH$m`© H$amaZm_m H$aÊ`mV `oB©b Á`mÛmao ^yYmaH$
nwZ©a{MV AmamIS>m, Ë`m§À`m joÌ\$im_Ü`o KQ> H$aÊ`mg qH$dm _yi O_rZrMo ñWmZ ~XbÊ`mg
`mg g§_Vr àXmZ H$aVrb. ñdmYrZ H$amaZmå`mda (_gwÚmZwgma) gøm H$ê$Z 40 Q>¸o$ O_rZ
{gS>H$mobm hñVmV§[aV Ho$ë`mZ§Va AmamIS>çmg nadmZJr XoÊ`mV `oB©b. AmamIS>m _§Oya
Pmë`mZ§Va g§nyU© Jm§d qH$dm goŠQ>a ñVamda {gS>H$moÛmam A§{V_ ^yI§S> XoÊ`mV `oB©b.

30. MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$mer g§b¾ A{V[aº$ ewëH$ (E\$Ebnr) H$m AmH$mabo OmVo?

Z¡Zm àH$ënmV gh^mJr Pmboë`m VgoM Z¡Zm àH$ënmV gh^mJr Zgboë`m ^yYmaH$m§Zm Z¡Zm joÌmVrb
àñVm{dV {dH$mg nÜXVtMm bm^ {_iob `m hoVyZo Z¡Zm àH$ënmMo {Z`moOZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho.
JmdR>mU VgoM JmdR>mUmnmgyZ 200 _rQ>a n`ªVMo joÌmVrb, 10 hoŠQ>a nojm H$_r joÌ Agbobo,
{deof Jmdo, ^mSo>VÎdmdarb J¥h{Z_m©U àñVmd B. _Yrb Oo ^yYmaH$ Z¡Zm àH$ënmV gh^mJr hmoUma
ZgVrb Vo XoIrb n[aKr` d eha ñVamdarb _yb^yV d gm_m{OH$ nm`m^yV gw{dYm§Mm \$m`Xm KoVrb.
Ë`m_wio gh^mJm_Ü`o g_mZVm gw{ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}em§H$g§b¾ A{V[aº$ ewëH$mMr
g§H$ënZm bmJy H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. A{V[aº$ ewëH$ Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr Z hmoUmè`m ^yYmaH$m§_m\©$V
n[aKr` d eha ñVamdarb nm`m^yV gw{dYm§À`m Ë`m§À`m dmQ>çmnmoQ>r AXm H$aÊ`mV `oB©b. ho ewëH$
{gS>H$moÛmam àma§^ à_mUnÌ Omar H$aÊ`mÀ`m doir KoVbo OmB©b. 13
 e§H$m{ZagZ - Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi A{Ygw{MV à^m{dV joÌ (Z¡Zm)

31. A{V[aº$ ewëH$mMm ^aUm Pmë`mZ§Va {gS>H$moV\}$ VËH$mi nm`m^yV gw{dYm nwa{dÊ`mV
`oVrb H$m ?

A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m-1À`m _§Oyar Z§Va 7 Vo 10 dfm©À`m H$mbmdYrV n[aKr` VgoM eha ñVar`
nm`m^yV gw{dYm nwa{dÊ`mMm {gS>H$moMm CÔoe Amho. nm`m^yV gw{dYm§Mr ObX A§_b~OmdUr hr Z¡Zm
`moOZoÀ`m `epñdVm d ObX ^yg§nmXZmda Adb§~yZ Amho, Z¡Zm `moOZoÀ`m Am{U ÐþVJVrZo O_rZ
g§nmXZ H$m`m©da Adb§~yZ Amho. VWm{n, A{V[aº$ ewëH$mMm ^aUm hm VËH$mi H$amd`mMm AgyZ
Ë`mMm g§~§Y nm`m^yV gw{dYm {dH$mgmÀ`m àJVrer OmoS>Vm `oUma Zmhr.

32. Z¡Zm `moOZo_Ü`o gh^mJr Z Pmë`mg H$moUVo n`m©` CnbãY AmhoV?

Z¡Zm `moOZo_Ü`o gh^mJ hm ñd¡pÀN>H$ Amho. ^yYmaH$ Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr Z hmoVm Amnbr O_rZ
{dH${gV H$ê$ eHo$b. Aem O{_Zrdarb OmñVrV OmñV AZwko` MQ>B© joÌ {ZX}emH$ (AmajU dJiyZ
{Zìdi O_rZrg) 0.5 Agob Am{U ^yYmaH$m§Zm A{V[aº$ ewëH$mMm ^aUm H$aUo Amdí`H$ amhrb.

AmajUmImbrb O_rZ Q>rS>rAma qH$dm EbEAmaAma A°ŠQ> 2013 à_mUo A{YJ«{hV Ho$br
OmB©b. gXa ^yYmaH$mg EbEAmaAma ŠQ> à_mUo Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ ^anmB© qH$dm 2 nQ> Q>rS>rAmaMm
n`m©` {Xbm OmB©b.

33. _pëQ>-_m°So>b H$m°arS>moa (E_E_gr) H$m` Amho?

_pëQ>_m°S>b H$m°[aS>m°a (E_E_gr) gmd©{ZH$ n[adhZ gw{dYm AgyZ Ë`mÛmao _w§~B© _hmZJa àXoemVrb
dgB© amoS>/{dama Vo CaU_Yrb _hËdmÀ`m joÌm§Zm añË`mÛmao OmoS>Ê`mV `oB©b. OoEZnrQ>rer OmoS>Umè`m
_w§~B© dS>moXam ñna _mJm©er _pëQ> _m°So>b H$m°[aS>a OmoS>Ê`mV `oB©b d `mgmR>r XmoÝhr ~mOyMr dmhVwH$
gm_mdÊ`mgmR>r E_E_gr Mr ê§$Xr 126 _r. dmT>{dÊ`mV `oUma Amho d XmoÝhr ~mOybm 8 boÝg AgVrb
Á`mVyZ {ZKmbobm OmoS> añË`mV _hm_mJm©bJV hmoUmè`m eharH$aUm_wio dmT>Umar àM§S> dmhVyH$ gm_mdyZ
KoÊ`mV `oB©b. _ëQ>r _m°So>b H$m°[aS>moaÀ`m 30 _r. _Ü`^mJ _oQ´>mo dmhVyH$sgmR>r gmoS>Ê`mV `oB©b.

34. Am`S>rnr-1 _Ü`o _ëQ>r _m°So>b H$m°[aS>m°a (E_E_gr) Mr n§Š VraMZm H$er Amho ?

E_E_AmaS>rEÀ`m _yi àñVmdmZwgmaM E_E_grMo n§Š VraMZm Amho. E_EggrÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOyZ§ m g{d©g
añË`mÛmao àñVm{dV {dH$mgmgmR>r àdoe {Xbm OmB©b.

35. _pëQ>-_moSo>b H$m°arS>moaMo {dH$mgH$m_ H$moUmH$So> gmon{dÊ`mV Ambo Amho ?

amï´>r` _hm_mJ© àm{YH$aU, E_E_AmaS>rE gmo~V g_Ýd` gmYyZ _ëQ>r-_m°So>b H$m°arS>maMm {dH$mg
14
H$aUma Amho.
36. _ëQ>r-_m°S>b H$m°arS>m°a_Yrb (E_E_gr) O{_ZrgmR>r Am`S>rnr_Yrb AmajUmImbr
Agboë`m O_rZrEdTo>M bm^ {_iVrb H$m?

hmo`.

37. {dH$mg H|$Ðm§Mr ^y{_H$m H$m` Amho?

A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmVrb {dH$gZerb joÌmÀ`m 15% O_rZ {dH$mg H|$ÐmgmR>r amIyZ Ro>dÊ`mV
Ambr Amho. A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmVrb _hËdmÀ`m añË`mbJV {dH$mg H|$Ðm§Mo AmajU
Agë`m_wio `m bJVÀ`m joÌmMm {dH$mg ObX JVrZo hmoD$ eHo$b. Ë`mMà_mUo {dH$g H|$ÐmVrb
^yI§S> dm CËnÞ àH$ënmgmR>r Amdí`H$ ^m§S>di åhUyZ dmnaVm `oB©b.

38. ^yYmaH$ {dH$mg H|$Ðo {dH${gV H$ê$ eH$VmV H$m?

Zmhr. {dH$mg H|$ÐmÀ`m A§VJ©V Agbobr O_rZ Ho$di {gS>H$moÛmao {dH${gV Ho$br OmB©b.

39. {dH$mg H|$Ðo \$º$ {gS>H$moÛmaoM {dH${gV H$m hmoVrb?

A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmgmR>r nm`m^yV IMm©gmR>rMr A§XmOo IM© gmYmaU 7700 H$moQ>r ê$n`o
BVH$s Ano{jV Amho. {gS>H$mo _hm_§S>img gXa gw{dYm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agboë`m IMm©Mr
àmW{_H$ Jw§VdUyH$ H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho, `m àH$ënmMo `e g§nyU©V: {dH$mg d {dH$mg H|$ÐmÀ`m
{dH«$sVyZ CnbãY hmoUmè`m _hgybmda Adb§~yZ Amho. {dH$mg H|$Ðm§Vrb ^yI§S>mMr {dH«$s hmM nm`m^yV
gw{dYm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>rÀ`m _hgybmMm à_wI CËnÞ ómoV AgUma Amho.

40. {dH$mg H|$Ðm_Ü`o Z¡Zm `moOZog nadmZJr XoÊ`mV `oB©b H$m?

{dH$mg H|$ÐmVrb gd© O{_Zr {gS>H$moÀ`m _mbH$s h¸$mÀ`m amhVrb. O_rZ _mbH$ {dH$mg H|$ÐmVrb
O{_Zr {dH${gV H$ê$ eH$V ZmhrV. VWm{n, Oo ^yI§S> A§eV… {dH$mg H|$ÐmV AgVrb d A§eV:
{dH$mg H|$Ðm~mhoa AgVrb, Aem ^yI§S>m§gmR>r {dH$mg H|$ÐmV g_mdoe Agboë`m ^yI§S>mgmR>r Z¡Zm
`moOZm bmJy Agob.

41. hñVm§VaUr` {dH$mg A{YH$ma (Q>rS>rAma) Mr g§H$ënZm H$m` Amho?

hñVm§VaUr` {dH$mg A{YH$ma (Q>rS>rAma) Mo hñVm§VaU åhUOo Á`m ^yYmaH$mZo EImXo joÌ gmoS>bobo
Agob qH$dm Z¡Zm àm{YH$aUmH$So> hñVmV§[aV Ho$bo Agob, Aem ^yYmaH$mg {d{eï> {H$_VrMo A{V[aº$
~m§YH$m_ joÌ\$i CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo, Oo A{V[aº$ joÌ Ë`mM ñWmZr qH$dm Ë`mg nadmZJr {Xboë`m
BVa ñWmZr dmnê$ eHo$b qH$dm A{V[aº$ ~m§YH$m_ joÌmMr Amdí`H$Vm Agboë`m ì`º$sÀ`m Zmdo 15
 e§H$m{ZagZ - Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi A{Ygw{MV à^m{dV joÌ (Z¡Zm)

hñVmV§[aV H$ê$ eHo$b. Z¡Zm àm{YH$aUÛmao hñVm§VaUr` {dH$mg A{YH$ma (Q>rS>rAma) à_mUnÌmÀ`m
ñdê$nmV àXmZ H$aob.

A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>m- À`m AmajUmImbr Agboë`m O{_ZrgmR>r Am{U Z¡Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr
Z hmoUmè`m ^yYmaH$mZm EbEAmaAmaZwgma _mo~Xbm KoÊ`mMm qH$dm Q>rS>rAmaÀ`m {ZdS>rMm n`m©`
CnbãY Agob. ^yYmaH$m§Zm Q>rS>rAmaMm n`m©` {ZdS>ë`mg Ë`mbm hñVmV§[aV Ho$boë`m O_rZrÀ`m
XmoZ nQ> Q>rS>rAma {_iob.

42. Q>rS>rAmaMm n`m©` ñdrH$mê$Z ^yI§S> hñVmV§[aV H$aUmè`m ^yYmaH$m§gmR>r H$mhr àmoËgmhZ
Amho H$m`?

hmo`. `m A{YgyMZoÀ`m à{gÜXrnmgyZ 1, 2, 3 d 5 dfm©À`m AmV ^yYmaH$mZo Q>rS>rAma _§Oya H$aÊ`mMm

àñVmd gmXa Ho$ë`mg Ë`m ^yYmaH$m§Zm hñVmV§[aV Ho$boë`m O_rZrÀ`m 20%, 15%, 10% Am{U
5% AZwH«$_o àmoËgmhZmË_H$ Q>rS>rAma àXmZ Ho$bm OmB©b.

43. hñVm§VarV {dH$mg A{YH$ma (Q>rS>rAma) À`m dmnamgmR>r H$mhr H$mb_`m©Xm Amho H$m?

Q>rS>rAmaÀ`m dmnamgmR>r H$mb-_`m©Xm Zmhr.

44. {deof {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aUmÛmao g§nm{XV H$aÊ`mV `oUmè`m 1000Mm¡._r AmajU OmJogmR>r
{H$Vr hñVm§VaUr` {dH$mg A{YH$ma (Q>rS>rAma) {Xbm OmB©b?

Q>rS>rAmaMr ñdrH¥$Vr EopÀN>H$ Amho. Oa Agm ^yYmaH$ Q>rS>rAmaMm n`m©` ñdrH$maob, Va Z¡Zm àm{YH$aU
Ë`mbm 2 nQ> åhUOo 2000 Mm¡._r S>rAmagr XoB©b.

45 Q>rS>rAmaÀ`m dmnamgmR>r H$moUVo joÌ {Z`mo{OV Amho ?

A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmVyZ {Z_m©U Pmbobm Q>rS>rAmaMm dmna A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çm_Yrb
joÌmV Hw$Ro>hr Ho$bm OmD$ eH$Vmo. VWm{n Q>rS>rAma dmnaVmZm Imbrb gyÌ bmJy hmoB©b.

gyÌ: Rg
P= Y
Rr

P= dmna hmoUmè`m ^yI§S>mda AZwko` TDR Mo joÌ Mm¡._r. _Ü`o.

Rg = Á`m ^yI§S>mVyZ hñVm§VaUr` {dH$mg A{YH$mar hŠH$ (TDR) V`ma hmoUma Amho Ë`m
16 ^yI§S>mMo ASR à_mUo Ë`m dfm©Mo Xa àVr Mm¡._r. _Ü`o.
 Y= {dH$mg hŠH$ à_mUnÌ (DRC) _YyZ dOm Ho$bobo TDR Mo joÌ.
Rr = Á`m ^yI§S>mda TDR dmnaUma Amho Ë`m ^yI§S>mMo ASR à_mUo
Ë`m dfm©Mo Xa àVr Mm¡._r. _Ü`o

46. 40% Q>¸$çmhÿZ A{YH$ O_rZ AmajUmImbr Agob Va Z¡Zm `moOZoVrb Q>rS>rAma {_iy
eHo$b H$m?

^yYmaH$mg 40% nojm A{YH$ hñVmV§[aV Ho$boë`m A{V[aº$ OmJoda XmoZ nQ> Q>rS>rAma {_iÊ`mMm
n`m©` CnbãYAmho.

47. {Oëhm{YH$mar (am`JS>) `m§Zr _§Oya Ho$boë`m àñVmdm§~m~V Oo ~m§YH$m_mÀ`m pñWVrV AmhoV
{gS>H$moMr Ë`m~m~V ^y{_H$m H$m` Amho?

{Oëhm{YH$mar `m§Zr _§Oya Ho$bobo àñVmd J«mø YaÊ`mV `oVrb. AO©XmamMo àH$aU {gS>H$moH$S>o XmIb
Pmë`mda AO©XmamZo nyU©ËdmMo VgoM ^moJdQ>m à_mUnÌ àmá H$ê$Z Vo {Z`_mà_mUo Amho `mMr ImÌr
Pmë`mZ§Va {gS>H$mo Ë`mg à_m{UV H$aob.

48. dmS>r / nmSo> `m§Zm JmdR>mUmMm XOm© XoÊ`mV `oD$Z Ë`mAZwf§JmZo AgUmao \$m`Xo XoÊ`mV
`oVrb H$m?

2006 À`m emgZmÀ`m {ZX}emZwgma, dmS>r / nmS>m JmdR>mU åhUyZ _mZbo OmUma Zmhr Am{U Ë`m_wio
H$moUVohr \$m`Xo XoVm `oUma Zmhr.

49. {gS>H$mo ñWm{ZH$ a{hdmem§Zm à{ejU XoV Amho H$m?

EbEAmaAma (LARR) A§VJ©V g§nm{XV Ho$bobr O_rZ dJiVm BVa O_rZrMo gm_y{hH$ g§nmXZ Z
Pmë`m_wio `m O{_ZrMo `oWrb ^yYmaH$ àH$ënJ«ñV Zmhr. åhUyZ à{ejU `moOZm bmJy Zmhr.

50. {gS>H$moÀ`m {Z`wº$sZ§Vahr BVa H$moUVohr àm{YH$aU Z¡Zm `oWo {dH$mg nadmZJr XoD$ eH$Vo H$m?

Zmhr. {X. 10/03/2013 amoOrÀ`m Z¡Zm§À`m A{YgyMZoZwgma, BVa H$moUVrhr {Z`moOZ àm{YH$aUo
A{YgyMZoÀ`m VmaIonmgyZ øm joÌmV {dH$mg nadmZJr XoÊ`mMo A{YH$ma Zmhr.

51. {gS>H$moV\}$ A{YJ«{hV hmoUmè`m O{_ZtgmR>r ZwH$gmZ ^anmB©Mo n°Ho$O H$m` Amho?

^yg§nmXZ Am{U nwZd©gZ d nwZd©gZ H$m`Xm -2013 H$m`Xm (LARR) Zwgma {gS>H$moZo A{YJ«{hV
Ho$boë`m O{_ZtgmR>r ^anmB© n°Ho$O XoÊ`mV `oUma Amho. 17
 e§H$m{ZagZ - Zdr _w§~B© Am§Vaamï´>r` {d_mZVi A{Ygw{MV à^m{dV joÌ (Z¡Zm)

52. {gS>H$moÀ`m {Z`wº$sZ§Va J«m_n§Mm`V {dH$mg nadmZJr XoD$ eHo$b H$m?

Z¡Zm A{Ygw{MV joÌmV {dH$mg nadmZJr \$º$ {gS>H$moV\}$ àXmZ Ho$ë`m OmVmV.

53. _hmamï>a emgZmZo A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmg _§Oyar {Xë`mZ§Va EgnrE-Z¡Zm V\}$ H$moUVr
nmD$bo CMbÊ`mV `oVrb?

ZJa {dH$mg {d^mJ, _hmamï´> emgZmÛmao A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çmg _§Owar {_imë`m Z§Va,
EbEAmaAma A{Y{Z`_ 2013 Zwgma AmajUmImbrb O{_Zr A{Ygy{MV Ho$ë`m OmVrb. Ë`mM~amo~a
{gS>H$mo gmd©O{ZH$ Om{ham§VrÛmao gd© ^yYmaH$m§Zm "Z¡Zm `moOZm' _Ü`o gh^mJr hmoÊ`mMo {Z_§ÌU XoB©b.
"Z¡Zm `moOZm' _`m©{XV H$mimgmR>r Iwbr Ro>dbr OmB©b. Ë`m H$mimV Oo ^yYmaH$ Z¡Zm `moOZm `moOZo_Ü`o
gm_rb hmoD$ BpÀN>VmV Ë`m§À`m O{_Zrdarb A{YJ«hU gyMZm H$mTy>Z KoÊ`mV `oVrb. Aem ^yYmaH$m§Mr
O_rZ g§_Vr H$amamÛmao H$moUË`mhr Am{W©H$ _mo~Xë`m{edm` g§nm{XV Ho$br OmB©b.

54 A§V[a_ {dH$mg AmamIS>çm_Yrb O{_ZrMo ^yg§nmXZ H$aUma Amho H$m?

Z¡Zm àH$ënm_Ü`o ^m¡{VH$ d gm_m{OH$ nm`m^yV gw{dYm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r {H$_mZ ^yg§nmXZ J¥{hV
YaÊ`mV Ambo Amho. ñdoÀNo>Zo hñVmV§[aV Z Pmbobr O_rZ EbEAmaAma 2013 A{Y{Z`_mZwgma
g§nm{XV Ho$br OmB©b.

55. {gS>H$mo_m\©$V nm`m^yV gw{dYm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r H$moUË`m H$m`©àUmbrMm Adb§~

Ho$bm OmB©b?

{gS>H$moÀ`m Z¡Zm àH$ënmgmR>r emgZmH$Sy>Z {gS>H$mog H$moUVmhr {ZYr XoÊ`mV Ambobm Zmhr. nm`m^yV
gw{dYm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agbobm {ZYr C^maÊ`mgmR>r {gS>H$mobm _`m©{XV gmYZo CnbãY
AmhoV. nm`m^yV gw{dYm§À`m {dH$gZmgmR>r ImOJr ^yI§S>YmaH$m§Mo ^ard `moJXmZ d gH«$s` gh^mJ
`m XmoZ ~m~tda Z¡Zm àH$ënmMr g§H$ënZm AmYmarV Amho. `m g§H$ënZoda O_rZ EH$ÌrH$aUmg àmoËgmhZ,
{Z`mo{OV {dH$mg Am{U {dH$mg H|$ÐmVrb ^yI§S> {dH«$sVyZ àmá hmoUmè`m Am{W©H$ ^m§S>dbmVyZ nm`m^yV
gw{dYm§Mr {Z{_©Vr `m à{H«$`m§_Ü`o g_Ýd`H$mMr ^y{_H$m nma nmS>Ê`mMm {gS>H$moMm _mZg Amho.

56. Z¡Zm àH$ënmVrb Cd©[aV joÌmÀ`m {dH$mg AmamIS>çmMr H$m` pñWVr Amho?

Zmoìh|~a 2016 _Ü`o {gS>H$moZo Cd©[aV 201 Jmdm§Mm {dH$mg AmamIS>m à{gÜX Ho$bm Amho. gyMZm /
haH$Vr _mJ{dÊ`mV Amë`m hmoË`m. {Z`moOZ g{_VrÛmam gyMZm / haH$VtMr gwZmdUr nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va,
{dH$mg AmamIS>m _hmamï´> emgZmH$So> _§OwargmR>r gmXa Ho$bm OmB©b.
18
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